Class 10 Civics
Democracy and Diversity
Diversity in Society:
The presence of different socio-economic group, different religious groups, different linguistic groups, different cultural groups and different caste groups can be termed as diversity in society.
India is a perfect example of diverse nation. In India, people of almost all major religion of this world can be found. There are thousands of languages, variety of food habits, all hues of costumes and myriad variety of cultures and subcultures in India.
Diversity as perfect stimulus to politics: As per Darwin's theory of evolution it is the survival of fittest. Human beings need to prosper economically; in their endeavour to survive. The economic prosperity ultimately leads to social upgradation. History is full of example when some economically stronger social group tried to dominate the comparatively weaker sections. This was done to ensure uninterrupted control over resources and power.
Political manifestation of social diversity depends on three factors, which are as follows:
- How people perceive their identities. If people see their identity in singular or exclusive term, it becomes difficult to accommodate social diversity.
- How political leaders raise the demands of any community.
- How the government reacts to the demands of a community. If the government accommodates the demand of a particular community in a justified way, it does wonders for the politics.
As per the caste system of ancient Hindu scriptures, society was divided into four classes based on area of work. Nobody is sure what was the situation originally but over a period of time this developed into a caste and class system which was strictly based on one's birth in a particular caste.
The so-called upper caste people controlled every economical resource and lower caste people were oppressed to prevent them from developing in the socio-economic order.
Partly because of British influence and partly because of liberal policies followed by successive governments in India more and more people started getting access to modern methods of education. Apart from this, the fourth estate, media increased political awareness among vast sections of the society.
These things must have done wonders for political awakening of the downtrodden masses. This awakening is bearing fruit, which is evident from rise of strong regional leaders who don't belong to the upper caste.
As you know, democracy is about giving every stakeholder a say in the governance. So now it can be said that India is finally evolving as a true democracy, because now almost all sections of society is having a representation in the Government.
Government's Steps to Include Fringe groups into Mainstream:
After independence, the constitution makers made two radical provisions, which were to frame India's destiny in the right direction.
- The first provision was to give the right to vote to every adult citizen of this country. Many experts in those days laughed at the idea. The reason given was a highly illiterate population was not fit to use the right judiciously.
- The second provision was to give reservation to the Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes to include them in the mainstream of the life of the nation.
These two provisions helped to grow the level of political awareness amongst the people of hinterland. In fact it took hundreds of years for developed countries like US and UK to provide voting rights to women. And the disheartening fact is till none of the women could become the President of USA. Till a few days ago no president of US was black.
It can be said that India has seen many examples of people from the oppressed classes rising up to the high posts in country. The President’s post had been graced by people from the minority communities; like Muslim and Sikh. Some Dalits had also become the President of India. India has seen a woman Prime Minister and a Woman President. India has also seen a Sikh as the Prime Minister.