The trial, from the group of Dr Pamela Ewan of the Department of Medicine and conducted at Addenbrooke's Hospital, involved a careful regime of feeding chocolate containing peanut flour in gradually increasing doses to patients with severe peanut allergies.
Following on from a small clinical trial conducted in 2009, the allergy team carried out a larger trial involving 22 children.
Before beginning the treatment, the children involved in the study reacted to tiny amounts of peanut. After treatment, 19 of 22 children were able to eat five peanuts a day; two had partial success - eating two to three peanuts a day; and one dropped out of the study at the start.
Dr Andrew Clark, who led the clinical trial, said: "This is the first time that a peanut allergy study has shown such a high level of success and proves that it is possible for peanut allergic patients to eat peanuts without fear of a severe reaction."
The children and teenagers attended the hospital's clinical research facility to undergo the desensitisation treatment, which still proved effective six months on.
Peanut allergy is common, affecting between one and two percent of young children, and can cause severe or even fatal reactions. There is currently no satisfactory treatment. The diagnosis has a major impact on families, because of the fear of a severe reaction and anxiety in making food choices.
"The lives of the families involved in this trial have been transformed," said Dr Clark. "The amount of peanut that could be tolerated by the children and teenagers on this trial increased 1000-fold."
Studies of peanut immunotherapy from other centres, using different regimes have been less successful. The Cambridge regime involves more gradual increases in dose but eventually a much higher dose of peanut is tolerated.
"This treatment could drastically improve the lives of those currently suffering with severe peanut allergies," said Dr Maher Khaled of Cambridge Enterprise, the University's commercialisation group. "We are currently looking to make this groundbreaking treatment more widely available."
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