Carnations and Pinks Dianthus
The genus Dianthus is large, but the popular garden flowers are border carnations, growing about 2 1/2 ft. tall, with exquisitely formed blooms and smooth-edged petals, and pinks in a wide variety of shapes, sizes and heights.
They need a sunny, well-drained position, but are not suited to areas which have severe winters. Any soil suits them, so long as it is not very acid, and they are very tolerant of lime. They can be planted during good weather in the fall or spring, setting them firmly but not deeply, burying the roots but not the stem, securing to a 6-in. stake if necessary. Planting distance for border carnations is about 12 in. and for pinks about to in.
To improve soil before planting, dig compost or well-rotted manure below the first spit, and hoe bonemeal at 4 oz. per sq. yd. into the top spit. In spring a side-dressing of sulfate of potash at 2 oz., or at 8 oz., per sq. yd. is goad, but potash fertilizers should not be given in the fall as they make the stems brittle in winter. Plants in their second and subsequent years should have a side dressing of a balanced fertilizer.
Border carnations need staking with a 3-ft. cane, and they should be disbudded to leave one bud on the central stem and one on each side stem, removing the others when about the size of a small pea. Pinks are not disbudded, and rarely require staking.
Border carnations flower in July and August, and old-fashioned pinks in June, and apart from snapping off the old flower stems no special treatment is needed. Most modern pinks flower a second time, and should be thoroughly watered and then given a dressing of complete fertilizer.
Border carnations are propagated by layering in July and August. Select a good side stem and strip off all the leaves from the lower part, leaving five fully developed pairs at the top. Push a thin-bladed knife into the stem just below the lowest joint with leaves on. Cut downwards through the joint below and turn the knife away from the center of the plant so as to bring it out just below the joint. This leaves a tongue which opens out as the stem is bent down to the ground. If the stem is too stiff to bend down without snapping, bruise it between the joints with the thumb
nail or a pair of thin pliers. Push the open tongue into the ground and secure it in position with a loop of wire. Prepare the ground beforehand by working in a mixture of equal parts of sharp sand and peatmoss.
After enough layers are put down, they are watered in and not allowed to become dry while rooting, which takes about six weeks. They are then cut away from the parent and left another week when they can be lifted. They can be planted out directly or potted up for two weeks before planting.
Pinks can be propagated in the same way, but usually cuttings are taken from late June to early August. Select strong side shoots for cuttings, and leave four or five fully developed pairs of leaves at the tip. Strip off the pair of leaves below this with a downward pull, exposing the joint. Cut just below the joint with a sharp knife or razor blade. The cutting is inserted in sandy soil up to but not above the next joint, in a pot in a cold frame, exposed to the sky but not the sun, watered and kept in a close atmosphere for three to four weeks, when top growth shows that it has rooted. The cuttings are then hardened off and potted up before planting.
Modern pinks sometimes send up the central stem to flower before proper side growth has been made, and if so they must be stopped. This is done when the plants have made ten to twelve joints. Hold the seventh or eighth joint in one hand, and bend the top sharply sideways when it should snap off, or cut it off cleanly just above the joint.
Border carnations should never be stopped, and stopping may delay the flowering of old-fashioned pinks for a season. However, a pink should never be allowed to flower unless it has good side growth.
Recommended Varieties of Carnations and Pinks
The following varieties are easy to grow. All the pinks listed are scented; the scented border carnations are marked Sc.
'Robin Thain', Sc. white;
'Merlin Clove', Sc. white, marked purple;
'Mendip Hills', pink, flaked red;
'Catherine Glover', 'Thomas Lee', yellow, marked red;
'Leslie Rennison', Sc., rosy mauve;
'Harmony', gray, flaked red;
'Alice Forbes', white, marked pink;
'Fair Maiden', white with red picotee edge;
'Marvel Clove', Sc., violet;
'Gipsy Clove', Sc., crimson;
'Salmon Clove', Sc., salmon pink;
'Lavender Clove', Sc., lavender;
'Beauty of Cambridge', 'Mary Murray', yellow.
(A laced pink is one in which a dark center zone or eye is extended to form a loop of color near the edge of the petal.) 'Cherryripe', bright pink;
'Doris', salmon-pink, red eye;
'Constance', bright pink, paler edge;
'Laced Joy', pink, laced crimson;
'London Poppet', palest pink, laced ruby red;
'Timothy', 'Freckles', pink with red flecks;
'Show Aristocrat', pale pink, buff eye;
'Prudence', palest pink, laced
'Show Portrait', crimson;
'Show Beauty', deep pink, maroon eye;
'Winsome', deep pink.
'Whiteladies', white, better now than 'Mrs Sinkins';
'Excelsior', pink with dark eye, often called 'Pink Mrs Sinkins';
'Inchmery', pale pink;
'Dad's Favourite', white, laced purple.