|Publication number||US4490581 A|
|Application number||US 06/431,900|
|Publication date||Dec 25, 1984|
|Filing date||Sep 30, 1982|
|Priority date||Sep 30, 1982|
|Also published as||CA1194191A, CA1194191A1|
|Publication number||06431900, 431900, US 4490581 A, US 4490581A, US-A-4490581, US4490581 A, US4490581A|
|Inventors||Ivan L. Edwards, Max S. Macrander, Ashfaq R. Khan|
|Original Assignee||Gte Automatic Electric Labs Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (13), Classifications (6), Legal Events (7)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates to telephone switching systems and more particularly to a clock selection control circuit for use in a telephone switching system having a plurality of clock circuit copies.
Telephone switching systems have been equipped with redundant clock circuits to prevent interruptions in service due to failure of a clock circuit. These telephone systems typically include a pair of clock circuits arranged in an active-standby manner. Such an arrangement is based on the assumption that only one fault can exist at one time and therefore two clock circuits were deemed sufficient. Only minimal logic circuitry was needed to control selection of active and standby clock circuits, since such circuitry was only required to detect failure of the active clock circuit and then switch to the standby clock circuit. However, such systems are subject to interruptions in service, if there is a failure in the standby clock circuit, which is forced on line upon detection of a failure in the active clock circuit.
In order to provide increased reliability additional clock circuits and more sophisticated clock selection circuitry are required. An example of such a sophisticated clock selection circuit, and associated multiple clock circuits, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,322,580, issued to A. R. Khan, et al, on Mar. 30, 1982. That clock selection circuit insures that only a properly operating standby clock circuit is switched on-line upon detection of a failure in the active clock circuit. However, that arrangement is susceptible to erroneous operation in the event of a processor communication link failure, or power-up/power-down operations.
Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention to provide a novel, highly reliable clock selection control circuit.
In accordance with the present invention, a clock selection control circuit is provided for use in a telephone switching system which includes a plurality of clock circuits, each operative to provide a clock signal, and first and second processing units, each operative to provide first and second inhibit signals, respectively.
The clock selection control circuit of this invention includes first and second arrangements of one or more clock selection means each including first, second and third outputs. Each clock selection means is connected to an associated one of the clock circuits, to the third output of all other clock selection means and to the second output of an associated one of the clock selection means. Each clock selection means is operative to provide signals on the first, second and third outputs, and each is operative in response to a clock signal from an associated clock circuit, the third output signal from all other selection means and the second output signal from the associated clock selection means, to provide the first output signal. Each of the clock selection means is further operative in response to first output signal and a delay period to provide the second output signal. Each of the clock selection means is further operated in response to an absence of the clock signal from the associated clock circuit to provide the third output signal, and each of the clock selection means is further operative in response to an absence of the third output signal from the associated clock selection means to provide the third output signal. Each of the first arrangement of clock selection means is further operative in response to the first inhibit signal to simulate the third output signal from the associated clock selection means and each of the second arrangement of clock selection means is further operative in response to the second inhibit signal to simulate the third output signal from the associated clock selection means. Each of the first arrangement of clock selection means is further operative in response to the second inhibit signal to provide the third output signal; and each of the second arrangement of clock selection means is further operative in response to the first inhibit signal to provide the third output signal.
The single FIGURE of the accompanying drawing is a logic diagram of a clock selection control circuit in accordance with the present invention.
Referring now to the accompanying drawing, the clock selection control circuit of the present invention is shown. Clock selection circuits 10, 20, 30 and 40 are shown connected to first and second processing units, i.e., PROCESSING UNITS A and B. These clock selection circuits are further adapted to be connected to the remainder of an associated telephone switching system via output gate circuit 50. Clock selection circuit 10 includes retriggerable monostable multivibrator (RMM) 11 connected between clock circuit A and reset gate 13 whose output is connected to the reset (R) input of latch 14. Gate 13 is also connected to the reset output of latch 44 (QD) via OR gate 18, and gate 13 is further connected to PROCESSING UNIT B via OR gate 17 and inverter 16. OR gates 17 and 18 are both further connected to PROCESSING UNIT A, via the INHIBIT B lead, and RMM 11 is connected to PROCESSING UNIT A via the DISABLE A lead.
Set gate 12 is connected to the first set (S1) input of latch 14 and PROCESSING UNIT A is connected to the second set (S2) of latch 14 via the ENABLE A lead. The inputs to set gate 12 are connected to the reset outputs, QB, QC and QD, of latch circuits 24, 34 and 44, respectively, and to the set output, QD, of latch circuit 44 via delay circuit 45. Clock selection circuit 10 further includes delay circuit 15 connected between the set output, QA, of latch 14, and associated clock selection circuit 30.
The remaining clock selection circuits are arranged similarly with clock circuits, retriggerable monostable multivibrators, latch circuits and associated gating circuits.
The set outputs of each latch circuit, QA, QB, QC, QD, are further connected to clock gate circuits 51, 52, 53, 54, respectively. These clock gate circuits are also connected to an associated clock circuit, CLOCK A, B, C and D, respectively. The outputs of the clock gate circuits are connected to OR gate 55 which provides the clock out (CLK OUT) signal to PROCESSING UNITS A and B, and to the remainder of the associated telephone switching system.
The clock selection control circuit operates to disable the failed clock circuit, by testing and selecting clock circuits in a predetermined sequence. The sequence of switching is from clock circuit A to C to B to D to A.
To implement this sequencing pattern a set gate input for each latch circuit is connected to the set output of the clock selection circuit immediately preceding in the selection sequence. Other inputs of the set gate are connected to the reset outputs of all other clock selection circuits. An input to the reset gate of each clock selection circuit is further connected to the reset output of the latch associated with the clock selection circuit immediately preceding in the selection sequence. The details of this connection arrangement have previously been described.
The processing units and clock selection circuits are arranged in duplicate copies. PROCESSING UNIT A and clock selection circuits 10 and 20 form a first arrangement or first copy (Copy 0) while PROCESSING UNIT B and clock selection circuits 30 and 40 form a second arrangement or second copy (Copy 1). Each clock selection circuit has an input gating circuit associated with it. For example, the input gating circuit associated with clock selection circuit 10 includes gates 16, 17 and 18. Copies 0 and 1 are also associated with first and second arrangements of gating circuits, respectively.
Each processing unit initializes the latches in the clock selection circuit of its associated copy via enable and disable signals on the enable and disable leads. A typical initialization arrangement would be for PROCESSING UNIT A to enable clock circuit A and disable CLOCKS B, C and D. To do this, the processing units provide logic 0 signals on the ENABLE A lead and the DISABLE B, C and D leads. These processing unit signals then force latch 14 to set and latches 24, 34 and 44 to reset, thus enabling clock circuit A to provide clock signals on the CLK OUT lead.
Monostable multivibrators RMM 11, 21, 31 and 41, generate a 200 nanosecond timing pulse. However, since they are retriggerable, this 200 nanosecond pulse begins every time a pulse appears at its input. CLOCKS A, B, C and D typically operate at 12 MHz which results in an 80 nanosecond period. Consequently the 200 nanosecond monostable multivibrators are normally retriggered before they time out, i.e., every 80 nanoseconds, and thus they normally provide a continuous logic level 1 signal. If a clock circuit fails, the clock pulses disappear and the associated retriggerable multivibrator times out after 200 nanoseconds and provides a logic 0 signal.
In the event of a failure of clock circuit A the clock selection circuit would select the next properly operating clock circuit in the clock selection sequence, i.e., CLOCK C.
Assuming CLOCK C is operating properly it will cause RMM 31 to apply a logic level 1 signal to the first input of gate 33. When CLOCK A fails, RMM 11 generates a logic 0 signal which was detected on the first input to gate 13. This logic 0 signal is gated by gate 13 to latch circuit 14 and causes latch circuit 14 to reset, thereby providing a logic level 1 signal on the reset output of latch circuit 14. Consequently a logic level 1 signal appears via OR gate 37 at the third input of gate 33. Since the second input to this gate is normally at a logic level 1, a logic level 1 signal appears at the reset (R) input of latch circuit 34. The inputs to set gate 32 are connected to the reset outputs, QA, QB and QD, of latches 14, 24 and 44, respectively. Since all of those outputs are in the reset state, they provide logic level 1 signals on these inputs to set gate 32. This gate also includes a connection to the set output, QA, of latch circuit 14 via delay circuit 15. This latch circuit 14 includes first, second and third outputs, QA, QA delayed and QA, respectively. Similarly, the other latch circuits also have first, second and third outputs.
Immediately upon detection of the failure of CLOCK A, the reset output of latch circuit 14 switches to a logic level 1 signal and the set output of latch circuit 14 switches to a logic level 0 signal. However, this logic level 0 signal does not appear at the input to gate 32 until the time delay of delay circuit 15 has elapsed. Therefore logic level 1 signals appear at all four inputs to gate 32, which then causes latch circuit 34 to set. The delay timing is selected to be long enough to allow latch circuit 34 to set before such time-out. At the expiration of this delay period, delay circuit 15 applies a logic level 0 signal to gate 32 which causes a logic level 1 signal to appear at the S1 input of latch circuit 34. However, this signal has no impact since latch circuit 34 had previously been set.
In the event that CLOCK C had also failed the clock selection circuit would not enable CLOCK C but would enable the next properly operating clock circuit in the clock selection sequence.
If one copy of the clock selection control circuit is powered down and then up, it may go into an unstable state and cause a new clock circuit to be selected even though a failure did not occur in the previously selected clock circuit. If the new clock circuit is not fully operational, alarms and degradation of service can result. This problem is eliminated through use of first and second inhibit leads, INHIBIT A and INHIBIT B, respectively, and OR gates 18, 28, 37 and 47.
If copy 0 is to be powered down, PROCESSING UNIT B provides a logic level 1 signal on the INHIBIT A lead. This logic level 1 signal then appears at the first input of gates 37 and 47, causing these gates to provide a logic level 1 signal on their outputs, regardless of the state of QA and QB signals. This inhibits detection of any logic level 0 signal required by the reset gates to reset a clock selection circuit and allow a new clock circuit to be selected. Thus, when a logic level 1 signal appears on the INHIBIT A lead, copy 1's selection circuits are immune from variations in the status of copy 0's clock selection circuits. Similarly, when PROCESSING UNIT A applies a logic level 1 signal to the INHIBIT B lead, copy 0's selection circuits are immune from variations in the status of copy 1's clock selection circuits.
Additional control of the status of the clock selection circuits is provided by OR gates 17, 27, 38 and 48, and associated inverters 16, 26, 36 and 46, respectively. A processing unit can disable a selected clock selection circuit by simulating a clock failure. For example, PROCESSING UNIT B can simulate a failure of CLOCKS A and B by providing a logic level 1 signal on the INHIBIT A lead. This logic level 1 signal is inverted to a logic level 0 by inverters 16 and 26 and applied to gates 17 and 27, respectively. Normally a logic level 1 signal does not appear on the INHIBIT B lead at the same time as the logic level 1 signal appears on the INHIBIT A lead. Under these conditions, two logic level 0 signals appear at the inputs of OR gates 17 and 27 and the resultant logic level 0 signals appearing at their outputs cause the clock selection circuits in copy 0 to be reset, thus simulating failure of CLOCKS A and B. Similar results occur in copy 1 when failures of CLOCKS C and D are simulated.
If logic level 1 signals improperly appear on the INHIBIT A and B leads at the same time, they cancel each other and prevent simulation of a clock circuit failure. Under these conditions the logic level 1 signals on the inhibit leads cause OR gates 17, 27, 38 and 48, to provide a logic level 1 signal, regardless of the status of the signal appearing at the inverted input to these gates. Therefore, the logic level 0 signal required for clock failure simulation is prevented if both inhibit signals improperly occur at the same time.
Thus the clock Selection Control Circuit of the present invention selects clock circuits in a predetermined sequence, provides immunity from erroneous clock selection due to power-up/power-down conditions and simulates clock failures to disable selected clock selection circuits.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention which shall be limited only by the scope of claims appended hereto.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4322580 *||Sep 2, 1980||Mar 30, 1982||Gte Automatic Electric Labs Inc.||Clock selection circuit|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4538272 *||Dec 22, 1983||Aug 27, 1985||Gte Automatic Electric Incorporated||Prioritized clock selection circuit|
|US4644498 *||Sep 26, 1985||Feb 17, 1987||General Electric Company||Fault-tolerant real time clock|
|US4683551 *||Mar 28, 1984||Jul 28, 1987||Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company||Ram clock switching circuitry for a laser beam printer|
|US5355470 *||Jan 3, 1992||Oct 11, 1994||Amdahl Corporation||Method for reconfiguring individual timer registers offline|
|US5357491 *||Jan 31, 1994||Oct 18, 1994||Fujitsu Limited||Clock selection control device|
|US5381542 *||Jul 29, 1991||Jan 10, 1995||Unisys Corporation||System for switching between a plurality of clock sources upon detection of phase alignment thereof and disabling all other clock sources|
|US5467466 *||Nov 14, 1994||Nov 14, 1995||Unisys Corporation||Method for switching between a plurality of clock sources upon detection of phase alignment thereof and disabling all other clock sources|
|US5594895 *||Apr 27, 1995||Jan 14, 1997||International Business Machines Corporation||Method and apparatus for switching between clock generators only when activity on a bus can be stopped|
|US5907699 *||Nov 14, 1997||May 25, 1999||Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha||Microcomputer with two oscillators of different frequencies selectable by a reset signal set by an instruction or by an overflow signal of a counter|
|US8140918 *||Feb 26, 2010||Mar 20, 2012||Fujitsu Limited||Clock supply method and information processing apparatus|
|US20070240013 *||Jan 8, 2007||Oct 11, 2007||Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.||Methods And Apparatus For Managing Defective Processors Through Clock Programming|
|US20100229034 *||Feb 26, 2010||Sep 9, 2010||Fujitsu Limited||Clock supply method and information processing apparatus|
|EP0312828A1 *||Oct 4, 1988||Apr 26, 1989||Siemens Aktiengesellschaft||Circuit arrangement for routinely testing the timing distribution of a plurality of units operated with the same timing|
|U.S. Classification||379/279, 379/284|
|International Classification||G06F1/04, H04M3/22|
|Sep 30, 1982||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: GTE AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC INCORPORATED, NORTHLAKE, IL
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:EDWARDS, IVAN L.;MACRANDER, MAX S.;KHAN, ASHFAQ R.;REEL/FRAME:004055/0245;SIGNING DATES FROM 19820927 TO 19820928
|May 11, 1988||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 28, 1989||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: AG COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS CORPORATION, 2500 W. UTOP
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GTE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005060/0501
Effective date: 19881228
|Apr 27, 1992||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 30, 1996||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Dec 22, 1996||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Mar 4, 1997||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19961225