|Número de publicación||US7951233 B2|
|Tipo de publicación||Concesión|
|Número de solicitud||US 11/256,177|
|Fecha de publicación||31 May 2011|
|Fecha de presentación||24 Oct 2005|
|Fecha de prioridad||25 Oct 2004|
|También publicado como||CN101087856A, CN101087856B, EP1833929A1, US20060087541, WO2006047576A1|
|Número de publicación||11256177, 256177, US 7951233 B2, US 7951233B2, US-B2-7951233, US7951233 B2, US7951233B2|
|Cesionario original||Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.|
|Exportar cita||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Citas de patentes (29), Otras citas (2), Citada por (1), Clasificaciones (11), Eventos legales (2)|
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet|
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/621,079, filed Oct. 25, 2004. The entire contents of the aforementioned application is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to reactive color inks.
There are many variables that influence the color performance (e.g., OD (optical density) and gamut volume) on media. The colorant type is an obvious factor. Brighter dyes tend to give better colors on paper. However, they are generally less lightfast. Ink and media interaction also plays a major role in the appearance of the color. If inks penetrate into the media, it is expected that the OD/gamut is low. If the ink does not spread well or the dot gain is low, the OD/gamut is generally low. Image and media gloss, in general, helps OD/gamut.
A fixer can be used to increase the durability of ink jet inks in terms of water fastness, smear and smudge fastness, by precipitating the colorant. A typical fixer contains a cationic polymer and/or an acid and/or metal salts. Cationic polymers suitable for ink jet application are polyamine (at low pH), quaternized polyamines and polyguanidine. The fixer is used to immobilize dyes and to increase durability and can be applied prior to the image is printed (underprinting) or after the image is printed (overprinting). However, the impact of the fixer on color performance is twofold. Firstly, the formation of fixer-dye complex causes hue shift in many cases. Secondly, depending on what the morphology of the fixer-dye complex is and how fast the rate of fixer-dye precipitation is, fixer-dye interaction determines where the fixer-dye complex resides on media and changes how the colors appear.
A solution to the hue shift and change in color appearance is therefore necessary.
The invention is directed to improve color performance by using different dyes and/or and dye mixtures with an ink vehicle. The basis of the invention is to use a single slow-precipitating dye or a blend of fast and slow precipitating colorants in order to optimize color space and other attributes (such as lightfastness and pen reliability). That is to say, as noted above, a fixer induces precipitation of the colorants. However, the rate of precipitation is colorant dependent. Slow precipitating colorants increase dot size and thus enable better color to be achieved as compared with fast precipitating colorants. If the slow precipitating dye is deficient in a certain attribute, it is possible to optimize the color space (chroma) by blending a slow precipitating colorant with a fast precipitating one.
Examples of dyes which can be considered for use include a large number of water-soluble acid and direct dyes. Specific examples of anionic dyes include Direct Yellow 86, Acid Red 249, Direct Blue 199, Direct Black 168, and Direct Yellow 132; Aminyl Brilliant Red F-B (Sumitomo Chemical Co.); the Duasyn line of “salt-free” dyes available from Hoechst, Direct Black 168, Reactive Black 31, Direct Yellow 157, Reactive Yellow 37, Acid Yellow 23, Reactive Red 180, Acid Red 52, Direct Blue 199, and Acid Blue 9; mixtures thereof; and the like. Further examples include Tricon Acid Red 52, Tricon Direct Red 227, and Tricon Acid Yellow 17 (Tricon Colors Incorporated), Bernacid Red 2BMN, Pontamine Brilliant Bond Blue A, BASF X-34, Food Black 2, Catodirect Turquoise FBL Supra Conc. (Carolina Color and Chemical), Direct Blue 86, Intrabond Liquid Turquoise GLL (Crompton and Knowles), Reactive Red 4, Reactive Red 56, Levafix Brilliant Red E-4B (Mobay Chemical), Levafix Brilliant Red E-6BA (Mobay Chemical), Acid Red 92, Direct Brill Pink B Ground Crude (Crompton & Knowles), Cartasol Yellow GTF Presscake (Sandoz, Inc.), Tartrazine Extra Conc. (FD&C Yellow #5, Acid Yellow 23, Sandoz, Inc.), Direct Yellow 86, Cartasol Yellow GTF Liquid Special 110 (Sandoz, Inc.), D&C Yellow #10 (Yellow 3, Tricon), Yellow Shade 16948 (Tricon), Basacid Black X34 (BASF), Carta Black 2GT (Sandoz, Inc.), Neozapon Red 492 (BASF), Orasol Red G (Ciba-Geigy), Direct Brilliant Pink B (Crompton-Knolls), Aizen Spilon Red C-BH (Hodagaya Chemical Company), Kayanol Red 3BL (Nippon Kayaku Company), Levanol Brilliant Red 3BW (Mobay Chemical Company), Levaderm Lemon Yellow (Mobay Chemical Company), Aizen Spilon Yellow C-GNH (Hodagaya Chemical Company), Spirit Fast Yellow 3G, Sirius Supra Yellow GD 167, Cartasol Brilliant Yellow 4GF (Sandoz), Pergasol Yellow CGP (Ciba-Geigy), Orasol Black RL (Ciba-Geigy), Orasol Black RLP (Ciba-Geigy), Savinyl Black RLS (Sandoz), Dermacarbon 2GT (Sandoz), Pyrazol Black BG (ICI Americas), Morfast Black Conc A (Morton-Thiokol), Diazol Black RN Quad (ICI Americas), Orasol Blue GN (Ciba-Geigy), Savinyl Blue GLS (Sandoz, Inc.), Luxol Blue MBSN (Morton-Thiokol), Sevron Blue 5GMF (ICI Americas), and Basacid Blue 750 (BASF); Levafix Brilliant Yellow E-GA, Levafix Yellow E2RA, Levafix Black EB, Levafix Black E-2G, Levafix Black P-36A, Levafix Black PN-L, Levafix Brilliant Red E6BA, and Levafix Brilliant Blue EFFA, all available from Bayer; Procion Turquoise PA, Procion Turquoise HA, Procion Turquoise Ho5G, Procion Turquoise H-7G, Procion Red MX-5B, Procion Red H8B (Reactive Red 31), Procion Red MX 8B GNS, Procion Red G, Procion Yellow MX-8G, Procion Black H-EXL, Procion Black P-N, Procion Blue MX-R, Procion Blue MX-4GD, Procion Blue MX-G, and Procion Blue MX-2GN, all available from ICI Americas; Cibacron Red F-B, Cibacron Black BG, Lanasol Black B, Lanasol Red 5B, Lanasol Red B, and Lanasol Yellow 46, all available from Ciba-Geigy; Baslien Black P-BR, Baslien Yellow EG, Baslien Brilliant Yellow P-3GN, Baslien Yellow M-6GD, Baslien Brilliant Red P-3B, Baslien Scarlet E-2G, Baslien Red E-B, Baslien Red E-7B, Baslien Red M-5B, Baslien Blue E-R, Baslien Brilliant Blue P-3R, Baslien Black P-BR, Baslien Turquoise Blue P-GR, Baslien Turquoise M-2G, Baslien Turquoise E-G, and Baslien Green E-6B, all available from BASF; Sumifix Turquoise Blue G, Sumifix Turquoise Blue H-GF, Sumifix Black B, Sumifix Black H-BG, Sumifix Yellow 2GC, Sumifix Supra Scarlet 2GF, and Sumifix Brilliant Red 5BF, all available from Sumitomo Chemical Company; Intracron Yellow C-8G, Intracron Red C-8B, Intracron Turquoise Blue GE, Intracron Turquoise HA, and Intracron Black RL, all available from Crompton and Knowles, Dyes and Chemicals Division; mixtures thereof, and the like. Examples of preferred dyes can include Pro-Jet 485 (a copper phthalocyanine), Magenta 377, or Direct Yellow 132. This list is intended to be merely exemplary, and should not be considered limiting.
In the disclosure and drawings the following abbreviations are used to designate the following dyes/materials/parameters.
It should be noted that in order to achieve an even higher gamut, one or more embodiments of the present invention do not exclude optimization of the dye ratio in the mixtures, using a multi-pass printing technique, and the use of different vehicles.
The ink and fixer formulations are as follows:
Note that the ink was adjusted to pH 7 with NaOH or HNO3 and the dye was either 3% of a single dye or 1.5% of each of two dyes.
Note that the fixer was adjusted to have a pH of 4 with NaOH or HNO3.
An image was printed using a slightly modified HP Business Inkjet 2200 printer manufactured by the Hewlett Packard company. Each of the inks was fixed with either under or over printing using one-pass printmode. Underprinting refers to printing the fixer immediately before inks are printed. Overprinting refers to printing fixer after the inks are printed. Modified HP C4811 pens are used to print inks and fixer at 7 pl per 600 dpi each. The printer was operated under heated condition (85° C.). Hammermill® and Lustro Laser® paper were used. The Hammermill® paper represents normal plain paper and the Lustro Laser® paper represents a commercially coated glossy paper. For durability, the test was performed 24 hours after the image was printed. The media was set a 45-degree angle where about 250 microliters of water was dripped on the bar image. OD of the bar image (“bar OD”) and the drip transfer (optical density of non-imaged area just below the dripped imaged area, “drip transfer OD”) were measured. “Bar OD” and “drip transfer OD” are the above measured OD's minus the media OD.
Six combinations were printed. These are set forth in the following table.
The purpose of using the fixer is to improve durability of the printed image. The drip/smear tests were carried out 24 hours after the samples were printed. The bar OD, water drip transfer OD and higher smear transfer OD on both papers were measured.
Reflection spectra of CMY and media (white) were measured using a Cary spectrometer. Secondary color spectra (RGB) are estimated based on addition of corresponding secondary colors. Black is the summation of CMY. The spectra were used to calculate L*a*b* for all 8 colors (CMYKRGBW). An estimate of gamut volume was obtained based on the volume enclosed by the 8 colors, though these numbers tended to be an underestimate of a more extensive gamut analysis and system optimization. For instance, incorporation of a black ink will improve the gamut volume significantly.
The bar OD, water drip transfer mOD and wet smudge transfer mOD for cyan, magenta and yellow are shown in
For cyan: AB9 itself shows the highest OD, however, the drip performance is not desirable. The PJ485/AB9 mixture shows higher OD and equivalent durability performance compared to PJ485 alone.
For magenta: The signal in OD is not as dramatic as in cyan. Most of the dye or dye mixtures show equal or better durability performance than Magenta A except for AR52 (UP and OP) and M377 (OP).
For yellow: The dye mixtures show relatively higher OD than individual dyes. AY23 shows some water drip transfer. However, the durability performance of the dye mixtures is acceptable.
A list of gamut and % pantone coverage (CMY) is generated with 3 cyan, 6 magenta and 5 yellow dyes/dye mixtures (90 combinations total) on Hammermill and Lustro Laser. The usage of AB9 shows the highest impact on gamut and/or % pantone coverage on both media. The highest gamut volume are listed in the tables shown in
The color calculation performed above does not incorporate input of spectra of secondary colors. The secondaries are calculated based on addition of primary colors. However, this may not the case for green. (Same studies can be done with red and blue as well.)
The micrographs and the spectral OD data indicate that the addition rule does not hold if the colors do not mix well when printed. Secondly, the micrographs show that the morphology of fixer-dye complex for PJ485 and AB9 are drastically different. The difference in the morphology of the fixer-dye complex on paper could be due to difference in rate of precipitation of fixer-dye complex as determined by a stopflow device.
In summary, thus far it has been shown that some of the dye blends enhance the color performance without an adverse impact on durability or lightfastness even when the single-dye approach is not possible. For cyan, PJ485/AB9 helps to create a better green than PJ485 due to interesting ink/fixer kinetics as illustrated in the micrographs. In order to achieve higher gamut volume, it is within the scope of the invention to optimize the dye ratio in the mixtures, use 2-pass printing and different vehicles.
The following pertains to Magenta Dyes and Dye Blends: Durability, Color and Kinetics.
In the following examples, several magenta dyes and some of their dye blends are evaluated regarding to durability and color performance. The various magenta inks are tested in the same manner as what was described earlier.
The ink and fixer formulations are as follows:
(unless noted otherwise)
Crodafos N-3 Acid
Note that the ink was adjusted to pH 7 with NaOH or HNO3 and the dye was 3% unless noted otherwise.
Note that the vehicle was adjusted to have a pH of 4 with NaOH or HNO3.
UV-Vis solution spectra of various magenta dyes are shown in
“Fast precipitating”—discrete solid deposit is seen.
“Slow precipitating”—the printed area is entirely featureless.
“Medium precipitating”—some solid deposit is seen, however, the background area is partially stained with the dye.
A trend is shown in
Using the same analogy in cyan, magenta dye and dye blends can be used to obtain optimal color and lightfastness properties. Several dyes and dye blends are tested in the same manner as other magenta dyes mentioned previously. The durability of these dyes and dye blends are shown in
Calculated color gamut volume (estimated from printed CMYRGBKW) is shown in
Micrographs of red area fills created with different magenta dyes on Lustro Laser are shown in
will be understood that while the invention has been described with reference to only a limited number of embodiments (ink formulations), the concepts which are imparted by this disclosure will enable a person of skill in the art of ink formulation, to formulate an ink wherein the precipitation rates of the colorants are selected to produce better color and color space.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.||106/31.27, 106/31.75, 106/31.43, 106/31.6|
|Clasificación cooperativa||C09D11/30, C09D11/40, C09D11/54|
|Clasificación europea||C09D11/30, C09D11/40, C09D11/54|
|8 Dic 2005||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TSAO, YI-HUA;REEL/FRAME:017310/0861
Effective date: 20051110
|23 Oct 2014||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4