Storing poppy seeds is a relatively straightforward task. The most important consideration is freshness. Poppy seeds should be stored as soon as they are harvested. If you have purchased your poppy seeds, examine the package for a harvest date. If there is none, ask the store manager or supplier when they were harvested. Poppy seeds from an unknown source should be handled with care. Only opium poppy seeds (Papaver somniferum) are suitable for consumption. All other poppy seeds are toxic and only suitable for planting.
Place the poppy seeds in an air-tight plastic container. This will keep the poppy seed's temperature relatively stable and protect them from moisture which spoils the seed.
Store poppy seeds to be planted in a place where temperatures will remain between 40 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit and the relative humidity is around 70%. Most pantries and cupboards meet this requirement.
Refrigerate poppy seeds that will be eaten within 3 to 6 months.
Freeze poppy seeds that won't be eaten within 1 year.