Some recent arxiv articles that I really should find the time to read in depth:
arxiv:0809.3474 - Affleck, Quantum impurity problems in condensed matter physics
Ian Affleck has revised his (rather mathematical) Les Houches lecture notes about quantum impurity problems (typically a single impurity, such as an unpaired electron, in contact with some kind of quantum environment).
arxiv:0904.1933 - Cubrovic, Zaanan, and Schalm, String theory, quantum phase transitions, and the emergent Fermi liquid
This is a Science paper related to my earlier post about the connection between certain quantum gravity models and condensed matter theories.
arxiv:0912.4868 - Heiblum, Fractional charge determination via quantum shot noise measurements
Heiblum is a consummate experimentalist, and this article in honor of Yoseph Imry looks like a great review of this area, particularly recent insights into the subtleties that happen with temperature and bias.