Genomes and Genes
Summary: Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.
Publications254 found, 100 shown here
- A neural substrate of prediction and rewardW Schultz
Institute of Physiology, University of Fribourg, CH 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
Science 275:1593-9. 1997..Behavioral experiments suggest that learning is driven by changes in the expectations about future salient events such as rewards and punishments...
- The mirror-neuron systemGiacomo Rizzolatti
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisiologia, Via Volturno, 3, Universita di Parma 43100, Parma, Italy
Annu Rev Neurosci 27:169-92. 2004..In the case of humans, there is another faculty that depends on the observation of others' actions: imitation learning. Unlike most species, we are able to learn by imitation, and this faculty is at the basis of human culture...
- The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialogue between genes and synapsesE R Kandel
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
Science 294:1030-8. 2001One of the most remarkable aspects of an animal's behavior is the ability to modify that behavior by learning, an ability that reaches its highest form in human beings...
- Uncertainty, neuromodulation, and attentionAngela J Yu
Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, London, United Kingdom
Neuron 46:681-92. 2005..These uncertainty signals interact to enable optimal inference and learning in noisy and changeable environments...
- New neurons and new memories: how does adult hippocampal neurogenesis affect learning and memory?Wei Deng
Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
Nat Rev Neurosci 11:339-50. 2010..into the circuitry of the adult hippocampus suggests an important role for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in learning and memory, but its specific function in these processes has remained elusive...
- Learning the value of information in an uncertain worldTimothy E J Behrens
FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
Nat Neurosci 10:1214-21. 2007..Furthermore, variations in this ACC signal across the population predict variations in subject learning rates...
- By carrot or by stick: cognitive reinforcement learning in parkinsonismMichael J Frank
Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 0345, USA
Science 306:1940-3. 2004..versus negative outcomes of our decisions? The neuromodulator dopamine plays a key role in these reinforcement learning processes...
- Dopamine, learning and motivationRoy A Wise
Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:483-94. 2004
- Temporal difference models and reward-related learning in the human brainJOHN P O'DOHERTY
Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG, London, United Kingdom
Neuron 38:329-37. 2003Temporal difference learning has been proposed as a model for Pavlovian conditioning, in which an animal learns to predict delivery of reward following presentation of a conditioned stimulus (CS)...
- Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural imagesB A Olshausen
Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
Nature 381:607-9. 1996..Along these lines, a number of studies have attempted to train unsupervised learning algorithms on natural images in the hope of developing receptive fields with similar properties, but none has ..
- Sleep function and synaptic homeostasisGiulio Tononi
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA
Sleep Med Rev 10:49-62. 2006..baseline level that is energetically sustainable, makes efficient use of gray matter space, and is beneficial for learning and memory...
- Distributed synergistic plasticity and cerebellar learningZhenyu Gao
Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Nat Rev Neurosci 13:619-35. 2012Studies on synaptic plasticity in the context of learning have been dominated by the view that a single, particular type of plasticity forms the underlying mechanism for a particular type of learning...
- A framework for studying the neurobiology of value-based decision makingAntonio Rangel
Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences HSS and Computational and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:545-56. 2008....
- Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure during learningRobert J Zatorre
Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Nat Neurosci 15:528-36. 2012Human brain imaging has identified structural changes in gray and white matter that occur with learning. However, ascribing imaging measures to underlying cellular and molecular events is challenging...
- The faculty of language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve?Marc D Hauser
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Science 298:1569-79. 2002....
- Memory of sequential experience in the hippocampus during slow wave sleepAlbert K Lee
Picower Center for Learning and Memory, RIKEN MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Neuron 36:1183-94. 2002..This rapid encoding of sequential experience is consistent with evidence that the hippocampus is crucial for spatial learning in rodents and the formation of long-term memories of events in time in humans.
- Exercise enhances learning and hippocampal neurogenesis in aged miceHenriette van Praag
Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
J Neurosci 25:8680-5. 2005..In young animals, exercise increases hippocampal neurogenesis and improves learning. We investigated whether voluntary wheel running would benefit mice that were sedentary until 19 months of age...
- Reverse replay of behavioural sequences in hippocampal place cells during the awake stateDavid J Foster
Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 46 5223, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
Nature 440:680-3. 2006The hippocampus has long been known to be involved in spatial navigational learning in rodents, and in memory for events in rodents, primates and humans...
- Temporal prediction errors in a passive learning task activate human striatumSamuel M McClure
Human Neuroimaging Lab, Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Neuron 38:339-46. 2003....
- Habits, rituals, and the evaluative brainAnn M Graybiel
Department of Brain and Cognitive Science and the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
Annu Rev Neurosci 31:359-87. 2008..A broad spectrum of behavioral routines and rituals can become habitual and stereotyped through learning. Others have a strong innate basis...
- Learning at any rate: action-effect learning for stimulus-based actionsRoland Pfister
Department of Psychology, University of Wurzburg, Rontgenring 11, 97070, Wurzburg, Germany
Psychol Res 75:61-5. 2011..In combination with prior findings, this consistency effect suggests that usage, but not acquisition of action-effect associations depends on an intention-based action control mode...
- Local sleep and learningReto Huber
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
Nature 430:78-81. 2004..Here we show that sleep homeostasis indeed has a local component, which can be triggered by a learning task involving specific brain regions...
- Birdsong and human speech: common themes and mechanismsA J Doupe
Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco 94143, USA
Annu Rev Neurosci 22:567-631. 1999..Innate predispositions for perceiving and learning the correct sounds exist in both groups, although more evidence of innate descriptions of species-specific ..
- Discrete coding of reward probability and uncertainty by dopamine neuronsChristopher D Fiorillo
Institute of Physiology, University of Fribourg, CH 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
Science 299:1898-902. 2003..The coding of uncertainty suggests a possible role for dopamine signals in attention-based learning and risk-taking behavior.
- A fast learning algorithm for deep belief netsGeoffrey E Hinton
Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Canada
Neural Comput 18:1527-54. 2006..The fast, greedy algorithm is used to initialize a slower learning procedure that fine-tunes the weights using a contrastive version of the wake-sleep algorithm...
- Neurogenesis in the adult is involved in the formation of trace memoriesT J Shors
Department of Psychology and Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
Nature 410:372-6. 2001..In the rat hippocampus, several thousand are produced each day, many of which die within weeks. Associative learning can enhance their survival; however, until now it was unknown whether new neurons are involved in memory ..
- Neuroplasticity subserving motor skill learningEran Dayan
Human Cortical Physiology and Stroke Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1428, USA
Neuron 72:443-54. 2011Recent years have seen significant progress in our understanding of the neural substrates of motor skill learning. Advances in neuroimaging provide new insight into functional reorganization associated with the acquisition, consolidation, ..
- What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?K C Berridge
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 1109
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 28:309-69. 1998..systems play in reward? Do they mediate the hedonic impact of rewarding stimuli? Do they mediate hedonic reward learning and associative prediction? Our review of the literature, together with results of a new study of residual reward ..
- MicroRNA loss enhances learning and memory in miceWitold Konopka
Molecular Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Center, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
J Neurosci 30:14835-42. 2010..The presented work shows miRNAs as key players in the learning and memory process of mammals.
- Computational principles of movement neuroscienceD M Wolpert
Sobell Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
Nat Neurosci 3:1212-7. 2000..these principles and show how they apply to processes such as motor planning, control, estimation, prediction and learning. Our goal is to demonstrate how specific models emerging from the computational approach provide a theoretical ..
- Learning and memory functions of the Basal GangliaMark G Packard
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
Annu Rev Neurosci 25:563-93. 2002..Extensive evidence now indicates a role for the basal ganglia, in particular the dorsal striatum, in learning and memory...
- The role of acetylcholine in learning and memoryMichael E Hasselmo
Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, 2 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Curr Opin Neurobiol 16:710-5. 2006..These effects might enhance different types of encoding in different cortical structures. In particular, the effects in entorhinal and perirhinal cortex and hippocampus might be important for encoding new episodic memories...
- A selective role for dopamine in stimulus-reward learningShelly B Flagel
Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
Nature 469:53-7. 2011..During Pavlovian learning, previously neutral stimuli that predict rewards can acquire motivational properties, becoming attractive and ..
- Associative learning of social valueTimothy E J Behrens
FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
Nature 456:245-9. 2008..Social learning is widely held to be distinct from other forms of learning in its mechanism and neural implementation; it is ..
- States versus rewards: dissociable neural prediction error signals underlying model-based and model-free reinforcement learningJan Gläscher
Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
Neuron 66:585-95. 2010Reinforcement learning (RL) uses sequential experience with situations ("states") and outcomes to assess actions...
- Recovery of learning and memory is associated with chromatin remodellingAndre Fischer
Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
Nature 447:178-82. 2007Neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system are often associated with impaired learning and memory, eventually leading to dementia...
- Dissociating the roles of the cerebellum and motor cortex during adaptive learning: the motor cortex retains what the cerebellum learnsJoseph M Galea
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
Cereb Cortex 21:1761-70. 2011Adaptation to a novel visuomotor transformation has revealed important principles regarding learning and memory...
- Bayesian integration in sensorimotor learningKonrad P Kording
Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
Nature 427:244-7. 2004..The central nervous system therefore employs probabilistic models during sensorimotor learning.
- Dissociable roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioningJohn O'Doherty
Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
Science 304:452-4. 2004..According to recent reinforcement learning models, two distinct components are involved: a "critic," which learns to predict future reward, and an "actor," ..
- Structural plasticity upon learning: regulation and functionsPico Caroni
Friedrich Miescher Institut, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
Nat Rev Neurosci 13:478-90. 2012Recent studies have provided long-sought evidence that behavioural learning involves specific synapse gain and elimination processes, which lead to memory traces that influence behaviour...
- The primate amygdala represents the positive and negative value of visual stimuli during learningJoseph J Paton
Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 87, New York, New York 10032, USA
Nature 439:865-70. 2006..positive or negative value through their association with rewards and punishments, a process called reinforcement learning. Although we now know a great deal about how the brain analyses visual information, we know little about how ..
- Social and monetary reward learning engage overlapping neural substratesAlice Lin
California Institute of Technology, Computations and Neural Systems, MC 136 93 Pasadena, CA 91125 7700, USA
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 7:274-81. 2012b>Learning to make choices that yield rewarding outcomes requires the computation of three distinct signals: stimulus values that are used to guide choices at the time of decision making, experienced utility signals that are used to ..
- Effect anticipation and action controlB Elsner
Department of Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, Munich, Germany
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 27:229-40. 2001..These processes may be basic for the control of voluntary action by the anticipation of action goals...
- Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and learning signals in brain reward circuitryKyle S Smith
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:E255-64. 2011..reward are distinctly modulated and tracked in this circuit separately from signals for Pavlovian predictions (learning). Animals first learned to associate a fixed sequence of Pavlovian cues with sucrose reward...
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is involved in learning and neuroprotectionMatthew J During
Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 86716, New Zealand
Nat Med 9:1173-9. 2003..HSEGTFTSD; homologous to a conserved domain in the glucagon/GLP-1 family) enhance associative and spatial learning through GLP-1R. [Ser(2)]exendin(1-9), but not GLP-1, is also active when administered peripherally...
- Twitter evolution: converging mechanisms in birdsong and human speechJohan J Bolhuis
Behavioural Biology, Department of Biology and Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Nat Rev Neurosci 11:747-59. 2010Vocal imitation in human infants and in some orders of birds relies on auditory-guided motor learning during a sensitive period of development...
- Anterior prefrontal function and the limits of human decision-makingEtienne Koechlin
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Departement d Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Superieure, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 9, quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
Science 318:594-8. 2007....
- Distinct contribution of the cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar systems to motor skill learningJulien Doyon
Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, PO Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, Que, Canada H3C3J7
Neuropsychologia 41:252-62. 2003..in healthy human subjects that examined the functional neuroanatomy and cerebral plasticity associated with the learning, consolidation and retention phases of motor skilled behaviors using modern brain imaging techniques...
- How learning to read changes the cortical networks for vision and languageStanislas Dehaene
INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
Science 330:1359-64. 2010..Most changes occurred even when literacy was acquired in adulthood, emphasizing that both childhood and adult education can profoundly refine cortical organization...
- Neurocognitive mechanisms of cognitive control: the role of prefrontal cortex in action selection, response inhibition, performance monitoring, and reward-based learningK Richard Ridderinkhof
Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Brain Cogn 56:129-40. 2004..goal-directed action selection, response activation and inhibition, performance monitoring, and reward-based learning. Medial frontal cortex is found to be involved in performance monitoring: evaluating outcome vis-a-vis expectancy,..
- Transfer of learning after updating training mediated by the striatumErika Dahlin
Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden
Science 320:1510-2. 2008..These findings indicate that transfer can occur if the criterion and transfer tasks engage specific overlapping processing components and brain regions...
- The architecture of cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortexEtienne Koechlin
Institut National de la Sante et de Recherche Medicale, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 9, quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
Science 302:1181-5. 2003..The results support an unified modular model of cognitive control that describes the overall functional organization of the human lateral PFC and has basic methodological and theoretical implications...
- Start/stop signals emerge in nigrostriatal circuits during sequence learningXin Jin
Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 9412, USA
Nature 466:457-62. 2010b>Learning new action sequences subserves a plethora of different abilities such as escaping a predator, playing the piano, or producing fluent speech...
- Fears, phobias, and preparedness: toward an evolved module of fear and fear learningA Ohman
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Psychol Rev 108:483-522. 2001An evolved module for fear elicitation and fear learning with 4 characteristics is proposed. (a) The fear module is preferentially activated in aversive contexts by stimuli that are fear relevant in an evolutionary perspective...
- Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex during sensorimotor learningD Huber
Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA
Nature 484:473-8. 2012The mechanisms linking sensation and action during learning are poorly understood...
- Dissecting components of reward: 'liking', 'wanting', and learningKent C Berridge
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 1043, USA
Curr Opin Pharmacol 9:65-73. 2009..dissociable psychological components of reward: 'liking' (hedonic impact), 'wanting' (incentive salience), and learning (predictive associations and cognitions)...
- Reward expectation, orientation of attention and locus coeruleus-medial frontal cortex interplay during learningSebastien Bouret
Neuromodulation et Processus Mnésiques, CNRS UMR 7102, Universite Pierre and Marie Curie, 9 Quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
Eur J Neurosci 20:791-802. 2004..It is crucial to the understanding of learning-related plasticity, that the cognitive context driving LC neurons be determined and the relation to activity in ..
- Parsing rewardKent C Berridge
Department of Psychology, Biopsychology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 1109, USA
Trends Neurosci 26:507-13. 2003..advances will require equal sophistication in parsing reward into its specific psychological components: (1) learning (including explicit and implicit knowledge produced by associative conditioning and cognitive processes); (2) ..
- Facilitation of implicit motor learning by weak transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex in the humanMichael A Nitsche
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
J Cogn Neurosci 15:619-26. 2003..Cortical excitability changes accompany motor learning. Here we show that weak direct currents are capable of improving implicit motor learning in the human...
- Social learning strategiesKevin N Laland
Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland
Learn Behav 32:4-14. 2004In most studies of social learning in animals, no attempt has been made to examine the nature of the strategy adopted by animals when they copy others...
- Dentate gyrus NMDA receptors mediate rapid pattern separation in the hippocampal networkThomas J McHugh
Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, RIKEN MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Science 317:94-9. 2007..These results provide evidence that NMDA receptors in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus play a crucial role in the process of pattern separation...
- Reward representations and reward-related learning in the human brain: insights from neuroimagingJOHN P O'DOHERTY
Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
Curr Opin Neurobiol 14:769-76. 2004..Such representations can be used to guide action selection for reward, a process that depends, at least in part, on orbital and medial prefrontal cortex as well as dorsal striatum...
- Hippocampal replay of extended experienceThomas J Davidson
Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 46 5233 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Neuron 63:497-507. 2009..These results suggest that extended replay is composed of chains of shorter subsequences, which may reflect a strategy for the storage and flexible expression of memories of prolonged experience...
- Molecular mechanisms of fear learning and memoryJoshua P Johansen
Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
Cell 147:509-24. 2011Pavlovian fear conditioning is a particularly useful behavioral paradigm for exploring the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory because a well-defined response to a specific environmental stimulus is produced through associative ..
- Dynamic reconfiguration of human brain networks during learningDanielle S Bassett
Complex Systems Group, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:7641-6. 2011Human learning is a complex phenomenon requiring flexibility to adapt existing brain function and precision in selecting new neurophysiological activities to drive desired behavior...
- Perceptual learning incepted by decoded fMRI neurofeedback without stimulus presentationKazuhisa Shibata
Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619 0288, Japan
Science 334:1413-5. 2011..is controversial whether the adult primate early visual cortex is sufficiently plastic to cause visual perceptual learning (VPL)...
- Social learning promotes institutions for governing the commonsKarl Sigmund
Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
Nature 466:861-3. 2010..It is not clear how punishers can invade a society of defectors by social learning or natural selection, or how second-order free-riders (who contribute to the joint effort but not to the ..
- Practice with sleep makes perfect: sleep-dependent motor skill learningMatthew P Walker
Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 74 Fenwood Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
Neuron 35:205-11. 2002..This finding of sleep-dependent motor skill improvement may have important implications for the efficient learning of all skilled actions in humans.
- A theory of cortical responsesKarl Friston
The Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 360:815-36. 2005..on perception, in terms of modern-day statistical theories, one arrives at a model of perceptual inference and learning that can explain a remarkable range of neurobiological facts...
- White matter in learning, cognition and psychiatric disordersR Douglas Fields
Nervous System Development and Plasticity Section, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Trends Neurosci 31:361-70. 2008..This is stimulating research into myelin involvement in normal cognitive function, learning and IQ...
- Contextual cueing: implicit learning and memory of visual context guides spatial attentionM M Chun
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 8205, USA
Cogn Psychol 36:28-71. 1998..The results show how implicit learning and memory of visual context can guide spatial attention towards task-relevant aspects of a scene.
- Direct current stimulation promotes BDNF-dependent synaptic plasticity: potential implications for motor learningBrita Fritsch
Epilepsy Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Neuron 66:198-204. 2010..Anodal tDCS applied to the human motor cortex (M1) improves motor skill learning. Here, we demonstrate in mouse M1 slices that DCS induces a long-lasting synaptic potentiation (DCS-LTP), which ..
- Learning under stress: how does it work?Marian Joels
SILS CNS, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Trends Cogn Sci 10:152-8. 2006The effects of stress on learning and memory are not always clear: both facilitating and impairing influences are described in the literature...
- Reversal of learning deficits in a Tsc2+/- mouse model of tuberous sclerosisDan Ehninger
Department of Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 695 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
Nat Med 14:843-8. 2008..we report that mice with a heterozygous, inactivating mutation in the Tsc2 gene (Tsc2(+/-) mice) show deficits in learning and memory...
- Modeling hippocampal and neocortical contributions to recognition memory: a complementary-learning-systems approachKenneth A Norman
University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Psychology, Boulder, CO, USA
Psychol Rev 110:611-46. 2003..They also use the model to address the stochastic relationship between recall and familiarity and the effects of partial versus complete hippocampal lesions on recognition...
- Perceptual learning in Vision ResearchDov Sagi
The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Vision Res 51:1552-66. 2011..Although this "sensory plasticity" interpretation is often questioned, it is commonly believed that learning has access to detailed low-level visual representations residing within the visual cortex...
- Changes in regional activity are accompanied with changes in inter-regional connectivity during 4 weeks motor learningLiangsuo Ma
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Brain Res 1318:64-76. 2010..We suggest that the performance gain was achieved by dynamically tuning the inter-regional connectivity in the motor network...
- The neural basis of perceptual learningC D Gilbert
The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Neuron 31:681-97. 2001Perceptual learning is a lifelong process. We begin by encoding information about the basic structure of the natural world and continue to assimilate information about specific patterns with which we become familiar...
- Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a maintain DNA methylation and regulate synaptic function in adult forebrain neuronsJian Feng
Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
Nat Neurosci 13:423-30. 2010..knockout (DKO) mice showed abnormal long-term plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region together with deficits in learning and memory...
- Enhanced hippocampal long-term potentiation and learning by increased neuronal expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator in transgenic miceR Madani
Departments of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
EMBO J 18:3007-12. 1999..increased and prolonged hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), and improved performance in spatial orientation learning tasks...
- Modulation of motor performance and motor learning by transcranial direct current stimulationJanine Reis
Department of Neurology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
Curr Opin Neurol 24:590-6. 2011..direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown preliminary success in improving motor performance and motor learning in healthy individuals, and restitution of motor deficits in stroke patients...
- Requirement of adult-born neurons for hippocampus-dependent learningAntonia Marin-Burgin
Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Leloir Institute CONICET, Av Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Behav Brain Res 227:391-9. 2012..While several contradictory findings emerge when analyzing the literature, evidence in favor of a relevant role of adult-born neurons in hippocampal function is compelling...
- Learning sculpts the spontaneous activity of the resting human brainChristopher M Lewis
Department of Clinical Sciences and Bioimaging, G D Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:17558-63. 2009..Here, we demonstrate that visual perceptual learning, an example of adult neural plasticity, modifies the resting covariance structure of spontaneous activity between ..
- Teaching more by lecturing lessJennifer K Knight
Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Cell Biol Educ 4:298-310. 2005We carried out an experiment to determine whether student learning gains in a large, traditionally taught, upper-division lecture course in developmental biology could be increased by partially changing to a more interactive classroom ..
- Immune modulation of learning, memory, neural plasticity and neurogenesisRaz Yirmiya
Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
Brain Behav Immun 25:181-213. 2011Over the past two decades it became evident that the immune system plays a central role in modulating learning, memory and neural plasticity...
- DNA evidence for strong genome-wide pleiotropy of cognitive and learning abilitiesMaciej Trzaskowski
MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King s College London, DeCrespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
Behav Genet 43:267-73. 2013..processes appear to be involved in cognitive abilities such as verbal and non-verbal ability as compared to learning abilities taught in schools such as reading and mathematics...
- Transcranial direct-current stimulation modulates synaptic mechanisms involved in associative learning in behaving rabbitsJavier Márquez-Ruiz
Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:6710-5. 2012..as conditioned stimulus, suggesting that tDCS modulates the sensory perception process necessary for associative learning. We also studied the putative mechanisms underlying immediate effects and after-effects of tDCS observed in the ..
- Why copy others? Insights from the social learning strategies tournamentL Rendell
Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Queen s Terrace, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK
Science 328:208-13. 2010Social learning (learning through observation or interaction with other individuals) is widespread in nature and is central to the remarkable success of humanity, yet it remains unclear why copying is profitable and how to copy most ..
- Use it or lose it: how neurogenesis keeps the brain fit for learningT J Shors
Department of Psychology, Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
Behav Brain Res 227:450-8. 2012..that this structure incorporates new neurons into its circuitry and uses them for some function related to learning and/or related thought processes...
- Motor learning: its relevance to stroke recovery and neurorehabilitationJohn W Krakauer
Stroke and Critical Care Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA
Curr Opin Neurol 19:84-90. 2006..This review will focus on arm movements and address the following questions: (i) What is motor learning? (ii) Do patients with hemiparesis have a learning deficit? (iii) Is recovery after injury a form of motor ..
- Beyond curriculum reform: confronting medicine's hidden curriculumF W Hafferty
Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Duluth School of Medicine, MN 55812 2487, USA
Acad Med 73:403-7. 1998..Instead, he proposes that the medical school is best thought of as a "learning environment" and that reform initiatives must be undertaken with an eye to what students learn instead of what ..
- Factors associated with success in medical school: systematic review of the literatureEamonn Ferguson
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
BMJ 324:952-7. 2002
- Shaping the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation of the human motor cortexM A Nitsche
Department for Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
J Neurophysiol 97:3109-17. 2007..For future applications of tDCS, such paradigms may help to achieve more selective tDCS effects...
- Interacting adaptive processes with different timescales underlie short-term motor learningMaurice A Smith
Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
PLoS Biol 4:e179. 2006..This two-state learning system makes the surprising prediction of spontaneous recovery (or adaptation rebound) if error feedback is ..
- The neurobiology of decision: consensus and controversyJoseph W Kable
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Neuron 63:733-45. 2009..Neurobiological studies of decision making are beginning to enhance our understanding of economic and social behavior as well as our understanding of significant health disorders where people's behavior plays a key role...
- Opponent interactions between serotonin and dopamineNathaniel D Daw
Computer Science Department and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213 3891, USA
Neural Netw 15:603-16. 2002..In the light of the temporal difference model of the involvement of the dopamine system in reward learning, we consider three aspects of motivational opponency involving dopamine and serotonin...
- The orbitofrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area are necessary for learning from unexpected outcomesYuji K Takahashi
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF 2 S251, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Neuron 62:269-80. 2009..Yet these tasks confound using information about expected outcomes with learning when those expectations are violated...
- Dopamine responses comply with basic assumptions of formal learning theoryP Waelti
Institute of Physiology and Programme in Neuroscience, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
Nature 412:43-8. 2001According to contemporary learning theories, the discrepancy, or error, between the actual and predicted reward determines whether learning occurs when a stimulus is paired with a reward...
- Brain states: top-down influences in sensory processingCharles D Gilbert
The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Neuron 54:677-96. 2007..In perceptual learning, both the encoding and recall of learned information involves a selection of the appropriate inputs that convey ..
- Object perception as Bayesian inferenceDaniel Kersten
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
Annu Rev Psychol 55:271-304. 2004..Recent work in Bayesian theories of visual perception has shown how complexity may be managed and ambiguity resolved through the task-dependent, probabilistic integration of prior object knowledge with image features...
- Adult-born hippocampal dentate granule cells undergoing maturation modulate learning and memory in the brainWei Deng
Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
J Neurosci 29:13532-42. 2009Adult-born dentate granule cells (DGCs) contribute to learning and memory, yet it remains unknown when adult-born DGCs become involved in the cognitive processes...
- Evaluating Alternative Retinopathy Screening ApproachesCHARLES BASCH; Fiscal Year: 2008..These interventions are practical, have potential for widespread dissemination, and can translate basic and clinical research to achieve public health benefits. ..
- TAILORED COMMUNICATIONS FOR COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENINGCHARLES BASCH; Fiscal Year: 2003..This proposal addresses the need for research assessing tailored communications to increase CRC screening in minority groups. ..
- Contextual cueing and implicit learningYuhong Jiang; Fiscal Year: 2009DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal investigates a powerful form of implicit visual learning - contextual cueing (Chun &Jiang, 1998)...
- Perceptual and Decisional Processes in CategorizationW Maddox; Fiscal Year: 2006..my students and I made significant progress toward understanding the processes involved in decision criterion learning when base-rates and payoffs are manipulated, and toward understanding the complex interplay between several ..
- Characterizaton of Non-linear Auditory Receptive FieldsDaniel Margoliash; Fiscal Year: 2009..In the first experiment, the statistical methodologies will be developed for learning efficient basis sets for motif structure and for estimating feature-based receptive fields with hierarchical non-..
- Temporal Patterns in Sleep Mechanisms of LearningDaniel Margoliash; Fiscal Year: 2006..The fourth experiment will record directly from RA in juvenile birds learning to sing...
- NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF SENSORIMOTOR LEARNINGDaniel Margoliash; Fiscal Year: 2009..maintenance critically depend on auditory feedback, and the study of these gives insight into the mechanisms for learning in the context of complex sensorimotor behaviors...
- The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Category LearningF Ashby; Fiscal Year: 2009..Recent evidence suggests that human category learning is mediated by multiple, qualitatively distinct learning systems, and much is now known about the neurobiology ..
- Cognitive Processing System Components Share ResourcesKATHERINE RAWSON; Fiscal Year: 2004..Subsequent research will adapt this experimental approach to evaluate other core assumptions of the theory. Findings from this programmatic research will have important theoretical and applied implications. ..
- Time's Eye: Aging and Attention to Emotional StimuliDerek Isaacowitz; Fiscal Year: 2003..The results would also have implications for the etiology and treatment of depression. ..
- Compensatory Brain Activation after StrokeLara Boyd; Fiscal Year: 2007..We predict that motor learning will dynamically alter patterns of brain activation, and reduce contralesional cortical activation...
- The Mental Lexicon of Children with Phonological DelaysHOLLY STORKEL; Fiscal Year: 2006..who are delayed in acquiring the sound system are able to capitalize on these same regularities to support word learning. The goal of this research project is to understand how children with phonological delays learn new words...
- Cellular Mechanisms of Vocal-Respiratory IntegrationRichard Mooney; Fiscal Year: 2005..In those few vertebrate species where vocal learning occurs, such as humans and songbirds, the telencephalon plays a critical role in modulating respiratory- vocal ..
- Single neuron correlates of learned songRichard Mooney; Fiscal Year: 2004The long-term goal of this research is to analyze neural mechanisms that underlie vocal learning. The goals of this proposal are to understand both motor and auditory codes for learned vocalizations...
- THE MENTAL LEXICON IN LANGUAGE ACQUISITIONHOLLY STORKEL; Fiscal Year: 2005Children acquiring a language are faced with at least two lexical tasks: learning new words and organizing these to uniquely distinguish each word from every other...
- Mechanisms of Associative Learning in Aging: Mouse ModelsDiana S Woodruff Pak; Fiscal Year: 2010Using the model system of eyeblink classical conditioning and other forms of learning and memory (hippocampus-dependent contextual fear conditioning, cerebellum-dependent rotorod), we propose to investigate structural and functional ..
- ALCOHOL EFFECT ON HUMAN LACTATION AND INFANT BEHAVIORJULIE MENNELLA; Fiscal Year: 2007..AIM 3: To explore the role of early experiences with ethanol in mothers' milk and the emotional context of such experiences, on the recognition of, and preference for, the sensory properties of ethanol ..
- Acquisition of Mandarin Tones: A Cross-Sectional StudyPatrick Wong; Fiscal Year: 2007..by applicant): This is a cross-sectional study examining behavioral and neurophysiologic changes associated with learning Mandarin Chinese as a second language (L2) by native English-speaking adult learners (ages 18 years and up)...
- Detection and Recogniton of Objects in Visual CortexTomaso Poggio; Fiscal Year: 2006..Ultimately, the whole process should lead to a better and more coherent understanding of the neural mechanisms of visual recognition. ..
- Perinatal Infection and MemorySTACI BILBO; Fiscal Year: 2006..immune challenge (LPS) in adulthood impairs memory, an IL-1 synthesis inhibitor will be administered prior to the learning experience and subsequent LPS, which normally impairs memory in neonatally-infected rats...
- Experimental manipulation of sleep mentation and memoryRobert Stickgold; Fiscal Year: 2006..abstract_text> ..
- Interdisciplinary Training in Quantitative Cell BiologyRONALD VALE; Fiscal Year: 2006..These sessions will promote learning by practice with a particular emphasis on stimulating experimental creativity and interdisciplinary approaches...
- Cloning of the slow AHP channelJohn Adelman; Fiscal Year: 2006..abstract_text> ..
- SENSITIZATION AND CONDITIONING WITH ETHANOLKENT BERRIDGE; Fiscal Year: 2006..will determine if sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effects of ethanol influences stimulus-reward learning (measured by appetitive conditioned approach responses to stimuli associated with reward) and operant responding ..
- Dissection of the Anti-tumor Immune ResponseErik Ranheim; Fiscal Year: 2006..These studies will provide a clearer picture of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell anti-tumor immunity and better direct efforts at tumor immunotherapy in human patients. ..
- 8th ASM Conference on Candida and CandidiasisPaul Fidel; Fiscal Year: 2006..unreadable] [unreadable]..
- ORAL IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION AND CANDIDIASIS IN HIV INFECTIONPaul Fidel; Fiscal Year: 2007..abstract_text> ..
- EARLY PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CONDUCT PROBLEMSLAURIE BROTMAN; Fiscal Year: 2006..The prevention program, based on social interaction learning theory, aims to improve parenting practices, parent-child interactions, and child social competence in young ..
- Parietal mechanisms of vision and attentionJacqueline Gottlieb; Fiscal Year: 2007..The results are expected to significantly advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms of attention and to bring us closer toward establishing an animal model of neglect. ..
- REORGANIZATION OF VISUAL FUNCTIONS AFTER EARLY DEAFNESSDaphne Bavelier; Fiscal Year: 2009..In addition, it will provide insights for the development of environments better suited to deaf individuals'needs. ..
- Persisting Effects of Prenatal Anxiety on Child OutcomesTHOMAS G O CONNOR; Fiscal Year: 2010....
- Local Sleep Regulation and Brain PlasticityGiulio Tononi; Fiscal Year: 2010..we will test the prediction that procedures leading to local increases in synaptic strength, such as learning tasks involving particular brain regions, should lead to a local increase in sleep SWA...
- CORTICAL MECHANISMS OF SEQUENCE LEARNINGDaeyeol Lee; Fiscal Year: 2009..Nevertheless, the possibility that reinforcement learning algorithms can account for the neural processes of sequence selection has not been previously explored...
- Mechanisms of Neuronal Regeneration after Stroke in a Novel Neurovascular NicheSTANLEY THOMAS CARMICHAEL; Fiscal Year: 2010..An understanding of the molecules that promote this neural stem cell response after stroke will help develop novel therapies to promote replacement of brain cells in this disease. ..
- DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS OF METHAMPHETAMINE-LIKE STIMULANTSCharles Vorhees; Fiscal Year: 2009..We found that d-methamphetamine (MA) induces spatial learning and memory (L&M) deficits in Morris water maze (MWM) after exposure on P11-20 but not P1-10, and increases ..
- TEACH-M: Evaluation of a training program for individuals with TBILaurie Ehlhardt; Fiscal Year: 2008..Components include errorless learning, high rates of correct practice, spaced retrieval, regular assessment, and metacognitive strategy training...
- A Controlled Terminology for Diagnoses and Findings in General DentistryTitus Schleyer; Fiscal Year: 2008..unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- CRCNS: DYNAMICS AND NEURAL MECHANISMS OF DECISION MAKINGDaeyeol Lee; Fiscal Year: 2008..Recently, signals related to some elements in reinforcement learning algorithms have been identified in various brain areas, such as brainstem dopamine neurons signaling reward ..
- Visual Perception and Coding of TextureMICHAEL LANDY; Fiscal Year: 2008..The third aim is to investigate the cortical implementation of texture or 2nd-order channels using fMRI to measure responses to and adaptation to texture modulations. [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- Processing Neighbors in Speech Perception and ProductionMICHAEL VITEVITCH; Fiscal Year: 2008..That is, the work in this proposal is a first step in the needed direction of integrating models of sub-lexical, lexical, and semantic processing and of models of recognition and production. ..
- Neural Mechanisms of MTBI: A Prospective fMRI ApproachJ A Scott Kelso; Fiscal Year: 2008..This individualized approach should provide important insights into the structural and dynamic mechanisms underlying recovery of function in the human brain. ..
- MUCOSAL CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN VAGINAL CANDIDIASISPaul Fidel; Fiscal Year: 2006..The long term goal is to understand vaginal host defense mechanisms against C. albicans so that immunotherapeutic strategies can be developed to prevent or treat disease. ..
- PERCEPTUAL CLASSIFICATION, LEARNING, AND MEMORYROBERT NOSOFSKY; Fiscal Year: 2007..abstract_text> ..
- Stakeholder's Models of Quality in Assisted LivingLESLIE MORGAN; Fiscal Year: 2007..Findings will provide a strong validity base for development of quality assessment tools in AL inclusive of the critically important voice of residents and inform both policy development and practice in this sector. ..
- Early Life Infection, Neuroinflammation, and MemoryStaci D Bilbo; Fiscal Year: 2010..common consequences of infection or inflammation during the perinatal period is cognitive dysfunction, including learning, memory, and attention disorders...
- SK CHANNELS IN HYPEREXCITABLE SKELETAL MUSCLEJohn Adelman; Fiscal Year: 2001..These studies will establish a framework for understanding the molecular, cellular and physiological abnormalities of hyperexcitable skeletal muscle as well as the coordinate regulation of SK gene expression in muscle tissue. ..
- MODULATION OF GLUTAMATE NEUROTRANSMISSIONCHARLES ZORUMSKI; Fiscal Year: 2003..nervous system (CNS), participating in information processing and the synaptic plasticity that may underlie learning and memory...
- Neural Function in Cocaine Dependence and RelapseVINCENT CLARK; Fiscal Year: 2004..It is anticipated that information obtained in the present series of experiments will be useful in understanding the mechanisms of cocaine dependence and relapse, and in improving treatments for this disorder. ..
- Neuroimmunology of IL-15JOHN PETITTO; Fiscal Year: 2004..abstract_text> ..
- INTERMODAL TEMPORAL INFORMATION PROCESSING IN INFANTSDAVID LEWKOWICZ; Fiscal Year: 2003..abstract_text> ..
- Research on Cognition and Behavior in Down SyndromeLynn Nadel; Fiscal Year: 2003..The ultimate goal is for this conference to facilitate progress in research and practice on cognition and behavior in Down syndrome. ..
- NEURAL RECORDINGS AND REACTION TIME MODELSRoger Ratcliff; Fiscal Year: 2003..abstract_text> ..
- Infant learning of acoustic cues to word boundariesERIK THIESSEN; Fiscal Year: 2003..in this application is designed to uncover the developmental course of attention to acoustic cues, and the learning mechanisms that allow infants to discover what the acoustic events in the speech they hear signify about word ..
- NEUROTROPHIN REGULATION IN THE SPINAL CORDFernando Gomez Pinilla; Fiscal Year: 2003..diverse as neuronal growth and survival, synaptic function, underlying mechanisms of CNS healing, behavior, and learning/memory...
- PHARMACOLOGIC REHABILITATION OF ATTENTION DEFICITSJohn Whyte; Fiscal Year: 2003..The factor structure will also be compared to that obtained from a control sample. ..
- Measuring Striatal Neurotransmission in Behaving Rats after Experimental TBIAmy Wagner; Fiscal Year: 2008..The overarching goal is to gain insight into potential mechanisms of action and efficacy of these interventions on cognition and recovery for the clinical population with TBI. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- Gender Differences in Dopamine Function after TBIAmy Wagner; Fiscal Year: 2003....
- CHILDREN'S REASONING ABOUT NATURAL AND INTENTIONAL CAUSECHARLES KALISH; Fiscal Year: 2003..strategies really are part of common sense then they are part of the background knowledge that children bring to learning environments...
- MOTOR RECOVERY AND MOTOR LEARNING IN STROKE PATIENTSNeville Hogan; Fiscal Year: 2003..test whether recovered motor performance of stroke patients exhibits characteristics associated with normal motor learning. If true, this would provide a basis to adapt mathematical learning theories into a quantitative theory of motor ..
- Conference:Dental Informatics and Dental ResearchTitus Schleyer; Fiscal Year: 2002....
- COMPLEX SYSTEMS SUMMER SCHOOLLynn Nadel; Fiscal Year: 2002..Our long-term goals for the school are to provide a framework within which neurobiologists, and others, can learn from each other, and can benefit from methods and techniques pioneered in diverse fields of study of complexity. ..
- BION Treatment of Neuromuscular DysfunctionGerald Loeb; Fiscal Year: 2002..abstract_text> ..
- Symposium "Adaptation and Control in Vision"Daeyeol Lee; Fiscal Year: 2004..it is being appreciated that such visual functions are closely tied to other modules in the brain underlying learning, memory, and decision-making...
- Dental Practitioners and Eating Disorder PreventionRita DeBate; Fiscal Year: 2002..This project is unique in that it takes a theoretical approach involving the dental practitioner as a key participant in the secondary and tertiary prevention of eating disorders. ..
- Molecular Analysis of Visual ProcessingCharles Gilbert; Fiscal Year: 2005..They will also make it possible to alter gene expression in higher animals for the study of neural mechanisms of behavior. ..
- Macromoleclar Complexes Involved in Cellular TransportRONALD VALE; Fiscal Year: 2005..These studies will provide a mechanistic understanding of how cargoes bind to specific motors and how cells asymmetrically position components within their cytoplasm. ..
- AGING AND THE COMPLEXITY OF VISUAL-MOTOR BEHAVIORKarl Newell; Fiscal Year: 2005..abstract_text> ..
- Effects of Ethanol on Hippocampal Synaptic PlasticityCHARLES ZORUMSKI; Fiscal Year: 2005..how changes in hippocampal morphology and plasticity translate into changes in hippocampal-dependent forms of learning and memory in adolescent (P35) and adult (P180) rats exposed to ethanol early in postnatal development...
- Ca2+-gating of SK Channels: Atomic Structure and FunctionJohn Adelman; Fiscal Year: 2005....
- PERCEPTUAL COHERENCE IN LISTENERS WITH HEARING LOSSAndrea Pittman; Fiscal Year: 2006..These results may improve our understanding of why hearing-impaired listeners have difficulty perceiving speech in degraded listening environments. [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- MECHANISMS OF SENSORY PROCESSING IN CHEMOTAXISJEFFRY STOCK; Fiscal Year: 2006..These studies will provide a foundation for understanding general mechanisms that underlie Type I receptor function in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic regulatory systems. [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and AgingCHARLES ZORUMSKI; Fiscal Year: 2005..Although the mechanisms involved in learning are not certain, it is believed that memory formation involves persistent use-dependent changes in synaptic ..
- FUNC MAPPING OF NORMAL AND PARKINSONIAN BASAL GANGLIAKRISHNANKUTTY SATHIAN; Fiscal Year: 2003..Correlation of the physiological data with clinic scores may establish if functional imaging or intraoperative recording are reliable predictors of patient outcome. ..
- Attention and Adult Emotion RegulationDerek M Isaacowitz; Fiscal Year: 2010..abstract_text> ..
- APICAL JUNCTIONAL COMPLEXES OF THE RPELAWRENCE RIZZOLO; Fiscal Year: 2006..Recent advances in the development of reagents coupled with this novel culture model will advance our understanding of this essential structure of the outer blood-retinal barrier. [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- The Role of Cdk5 in AddictionJames A Bibb; Fiscal Year: 2010..long-term neuroadaptations within the circuitry of the brain that is normally dedicated to reward and incentive learning. Our goal is to provide a clearer understanding of the biochemical basis of the effects that cocaine has on ..
- Word Learning in Children: Normal Development and Language ImpairmentHolly L Storkel; Fiscal Year: 2010..how children learn the words of the language and use this evidence to develop a comprehensive model of word learning across normal and impaired language development...
- EFFECTS OF TEMPORAL STRUCTURE ON MEMORY FOR EVENTSPatricia Bauer; Fiscal Year: 2006..Investigations of the long-term fate of early memories, and of the impact of early determinants on later auto-biographical reports, are the subjects of the final three experiments. ..
- Effects of Goal Activation on Competing GoalsARTHUR MARKMAN; Fiscal Year: 2005..This work will also examine the relationship between consciously experienced cravings and conflicts between approach and avoidance goals. ..
- Destructive Effects of Social RejectionROY BAUMEISTER; Fiscal Year: 2007..The fifth project will examine social exclusion outside the laboratory, in order to elucidate how exclusion affects people in everyday life. ..
- EGO DEPLETION PATTERNS AND SELF-CONTROL FAILUREROY BAUMEISTER; Fiscal Year: 2001..The fourth section will explore several implications and applications of the depletion of self: vulnerability to loss of self-esteem from ego threat; prejudice; procrastination; and overeating. ..
- Genetic Manipulation of Phasic Dopaminergic ActivityJeff Beeler; Fiscal Year: 2007..Research supports a role for DA in both motivational processes and reinforcement learning. The nature of the relationship between these two aspects of DA, however, is controversial...
- Early Chronic Stress and Prefrontal DevelopmentDavid Lyons; Fiscal Year: 2005..abstract_text> ..
- NEUROCOMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF LEARNINGTHOMAS CAREW; Fiscal Year: 2001..This simple reflex offers two key advantages for a computational analysis of learning: (1) the reflex exhibits a variety of forms of both non-associative and associative learning; and (2) the neural ..
- Usability testing Okay with Asthma V.2.0: An interactive narrataive asthmna progrTAMI H contact WYATT; Fiscal Year: 2010..The feasibility testing is guided by Nielsen's usability model and Said's engaging multimedia design model. ..
- ERAB, A BETA, NEUROTOXICITY AND ALZHEIMERS DISEASEShi Du Yan; Fiscal Year: 2003..abstract_text> ..
- VOR adaptation/utility of saccades as rehab strategiesMichael Schubert; Fiscal Year: 2008..This is important for the long-term goals of this project, which are to determine the adaptive preferences that individuals with vestibular loss use to improve gaze stability. ..
- NEURAL MECHANISMS OF VOCAL LEARNINGSARAH BOTTJER; Fiscal Year: 2009..provide an animal model for human speech perception and production, and for developmentally restricted forms of learning and memory, in which it is possible to causally link specific behaviors and their underlying neural circuitry...
- Combined OEG transplantation and step training promote regeneration in adult SCIV Edgerton; Fiscal Year: 2009..Our long term goal is to regain voluntary control of hindlimb stepping after a complete midthoracic spinal cord injury in an adult animal. ..
- Fastigial nucleus role in long-term saccade adaptationRobijanto Soetedjo; Fiscal Year: 2004..2) To measure the long-term adaptation after permanently lesioning the CFN bilaterally (3) To determine the anatomical pathway of Iong-term adaptation. ..
- EMOTIONAL MODULATION OF MEMORY BY THE HUMAN AMYGDALARalph Adolphs; Fiscal Year: 2008..abstract_text> ..
- Modulation of AMPA-Type Receptor Trafficking in AplysiaDavid Glanzman; Fiscal Year: 2007..During most of his scientific career the PI has studied the neural basis of simple forms of learning and memory in invertebrate organisms...
- International Congress of NeuroethologySARAH BOTTJER; Fiscal Year: 2004..Thus, benefits to American scientists in general, and to young investigators in particular, will be the opportunity for exposure to cutting-edge research and techniques from around the World. ..
- A Conditioning Analysis of MemoryCarolyn Rovee Collier; Fiscal Year: 2009..This problem underlies both the elaboration of the knowledge base and the remediation of learning and memory deficits in individuals who are cognitively impaired...
- Serotonergic Facilitation & Robotics in Spinal LearningV Edgerton; Fiscal Year: 2007..proposal, we will examine the level of specificity of the proprioceptive input to the adult mouse spinal cord in learning to step and to stand using adaptive control strategies of robotic devices...