|Publication number||US6064736 A|
|Application number||US 08/929,434|
|Publication date||16 May 2000|
|Filing date||15 Sep 1997|
|Priority date||15 Sep 1997|
|Publication number||08929434, 929434, US 6064736 A, US 6064736A, US-A-6064736, US6064736 A, US6064736A|
|Inventors||Mark Charles Davis, David Gerard Kuehr-McLaren, Calvin Stacy Powers|
|Original Assignee||International Business Machines Corporation|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (138), Classifications (12), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates to secure communication systems, methods and computer program products and in particular to password authentication systems, methods and computer program products.
Computer systems are increasingly communicating over networks. This increased network communication may make security more important. Authentication protocols, both two-party authentication and three-party authentication, are known in the art to provide secure communications. A two-party authentication protocol (or 2PAP) is described in a publication entitled Systematic Design of a Family of Attack-Resistant Authentication Protocols by R. Bird, I. Gopla, A. Herzberg, P. Janson, S. Kutten, R. Molva, and M. Young and published in the Proceedings of Crypto '91 in August 1991. Two-party authentication protocols, in particular, are the subject of the present invention.
Authentication protocols were created to protect the integrity of communications sent across networks. One effort at improving network security is known as Kerberos, a network security service originally developed at MIT and a subsequently incorporated into a number of architectures and commercial offerings. For more information on Kerberos, see "The Kerberos Network Authentication Service Overview" by J. Steiner, published in MIT Project Athena RFC, Draft 1, April 1989; and "Kerberos: An Authentication Service for Open Network Systems" by J. Steiner, C. Neuman, J. Schiller and published in Proceedings of USENIX Winter Conference, February 1988.
Although the Kerberos methodology is well known, several limitations were uncovered as the technology evolved. These limitations facilitated the development of KryptoKnight.
KryptoKnight is an authentication and key distribution mechanism for users or applications communicating in a network environment. KryptoKnight introduced an authentication and key distribution protocol that allowed it to withstand attack more securely. KryptoKnight is described in detail in the publication entitled "KryptoKnight Authentication and Key Distribution System" by Molva et al., proceedings of the CRYPTO '91, pages 155-174, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The KryptoKnight Authentication and Key Distribution System can provide a secure session between a client and a server that communicate with each other over a network. Moreover, secure communications may be provided between a client and an authentication server that stores passwords for a plurality of clients thereon. Unfortunately, it may be possible for an intruder to gain access to the authentication server and thereby discover the encrypted passwords. In this case, KryptoKnight may not detect the fact that a new client is using the stolen password for access.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide improved two-party authentication systems, methods and computer program products.
It is another object of the present invention to provide two-party authentication that can detect an intruder gaining access to passwords on a server.
These and other objects are provided, according to the present invention by password authentication systems, methods and computer program products that transmit a client password from a client to a server during an encrypted session that has been established, hashes the received password at the server and then compares the hashed received password with the corresponding hashed password for the client that is stored at the server. The encrypted session between the client and the server is terminated if the hashed received password and corresponding hashed password do not match.
Accordingly, the server can verify the actual password against the hashed password that was sent with the session establishment to ensure that the client that is attempting to establish the connection actually knows the password. The possibility of an intruder monitoring the transmission and determining the hashed or encrypted password and thereby gaining access is reduced and preferably eliminated. Similarly, the possibility of an intruder obtaining the file from the server that contains the hashed passwords and then using the hashed passwords to initiate a session is also reduced and preferably eliminated. This additional verification further secures the network against unwanted intruders.
In particular, according to the present invention, a server stores a plurality of hashed passwords for a plurality of clients. An encrypted session is established between the client and the server over a network, using a client password and the corresponding hashed password that is stored at the server. After establishing the encrypted session, the client password is transmitted from the client to the server during the encrypted session. The received password is hashed at the server. The hashed received password is compared with the corresponding hashed password for the client that is stored at the server. The encrypted session between the client and the server over the network is terminated if the hashed received password and the corresponding hashed password do not match.
The encrypted session can be established using a KryptoKnight authentication key and distribution system. For example, the encrypted session may be established by sending a client nonce and client User Id from the client to the server. An encrypted session key is created at the server, from the corresponding hashed password for the client that is stored at the server. The encrypted session key is transmitted from the server to the client. The encrypted session key is decrypted at the client and the encrypted session is initiated using the decrypted encrypted session key.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the client password in encrypted form is transmitted from the client to the server at the beginning of the encrypted session. Thus, the session does not proceed unless the password has been verified during the encrypted session.
According to another aspect of the invention, the server may store a password as a hashed password combined with a first salt. In this case, the hashed encrypted password is rehashed with a second salt and the stored password and the first salt is replaced with the rehashed encrypted password for storage at the server. Thus, the invention can be used with servers that store a hashed password and a salt, for example, using a "crypt" function of UNIX systems.
FIG. 1 illustrates a sample network environment in which the present invention may be implemented.
FIG. 2 illustrates conventional flows of KryptoKnight authentication.
FIG. 3 illustrates authentication flows according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 illustrates authentication flows according to the present in flowchart format.
FIG. 5 illustrates authentication flows according to the present invention using passwords hashed with a salt.
FIG. 6 illustrates authentication flows according to the present invention in flowchart format, using passwords hashed with a salt.
The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention can be implemented in a computer network such as a TCP/IP network as shown in FIG. 1, although it is not limited to any specific network size or type. FIG. 1 shows a computer network 101 in which there are several computers 105-108. The computers 105-108 are linked together within the computer network 101 by way of communications links 115-119.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to two-party authentication and verification. Two-party authentication and verification may be implemented using KryptoKnight. In particular, in this two-party system, as shown in FIG. 2, the first party is referred to as the client 202 and the second party is referred to as the server 204. The server 204 stores a plurality of hashed passwords for a corresponding plurality of clients. The client 202 first creates a 128 bit random client nonce 205. It then sends (207) the nonce and the User Id of the client 202 to the server 204. The server, after receiving the client User Id and nonce, creates a random 64 bit value 209, sometimes referred to as a secret, to be used in a DES algorithm to set up an encrypted session between the client and the server. The secret DES key (SessionKey 213) is itself encrypted (215) before being sent to the client. It is encrypted using DES and a key derived from the shared password hash, a client nonce and a server nonce, referred to here as a SecretHash. A 128 bit random nonce is then created for the server at 211. Next a SessionKey is created at 213 for this session between the approver and the sender, then the SessionKey is encrypted with DES using SecretHash as the DES key at 215.
SecretHash is a function that performs an MD5 hash of the items enumerated below. The SecretHash is performed by taking the MD5 hash of (1) the client nonce exclusive or-ed with the hostname:port of the server; (2) the nonce of the server; and (3) the MD5 hashed password associated to the User Id exclusive or-ed with the hostname:port of the server. This allows the server to encrypt a randomly generated 56 bit DES SessionKey to transport it safely to the client. The server then sends the encrypted SessionKey, and the nonce of the server at 217 to the client at 202.
The client next receives the encrypted SessionKey and calculates the SecretHash from both nonces, the server ID and the client's password. The client then uses SecretHash to decrypt the SessionKey at 219. Once the keys have been verified, data is allowed to flow both directions between the client 202 and the server 204 over the encrypted session 223.
The client uses the SessionKey to encrypt commands sent to the server. The server encrypts responses to the commands with the SessionKey. A new SessionKey and SecretHash are generated for each new session command/response exchange.
The server authenticates itself to the client by using a value called Password' where Password' is the MD5 hash of the password, as part of the calculation of the SecretHash used to encrypt the SessionKey. The client demonstrates that the user knows the user password by running the password entered through the MD5 encryption algorithm to produce the Password'. This process is frequently referred to as the logon process. Once it has completed, the client has all the pieces to decrypt the SessionKey. Two-party authentication and verification, for example using KryptoKnight, is well known to those having skill in the art and need not be described further here.
The present invention will now be described using the flows of FIGS. 3-6. It will be understood that each element of the illustrations, and combinations of elements in the illustrations, can be implemented by general and/or special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or steps, or by combinations of general and/or special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
These program instructions may be provided to a processor to produce a machine, such that the instructions which execute on the processor create means for implementing the functions specified in the illustrations. The computer program instructions may be executed by a processor to cause a series of operational steps to be performed by the processor to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the processor provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the illustrations. Accordingly, FIGS. 3-6 support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions.
Referring now to FIG. 3, authentication according to the present invention will now be described. In FIG. 3, a nonce is created at 305 and the User Id and nonce are transmitted from the client 302 to the server 304 at 309. The password is also obtained at 307. At the server, the encrypted password is retrieved at 311, a new nonce is created at 313, a SessionKey is created at 315 and the SessionKey is encrypted at 317. Then, at 319, the encrypted SessionKey and the nonce of the server is sent to the client. At the client, the password is hashed at 321 and the SessionKey is decrypted at 323. An encrypted session is then begun using the SessionKey at 327. The above operations correspond to a conventional establishment of an encrypted session using KryptoKnight authentication and need not be described further herein.
Continuing with description of FIG. 3, once the encrypted pipe has been established at 327, the server then further authenticates the client by having the client send the clear password over the encrypted pipe at 329. The server performs an MD5 hash against the password 331 and compares it to the stored hashed password 333, (Password') that is used for the logon process and stored in the User Id tables at the server. If the server cannot verify the Password' derived from the password, then the session is terminated. If the server does verify the password then traffic is permitted to begin across the encrypted session at 335.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustration of the present invention. Once the encrypted session has been established at 401, the server causes the client to send the un-hashed password over the encrypted pipe at 403. Once the server receives the un-hashed password, it performs its own MD5 hash on the un-hashed password at 405 and compares that to the Password' that was initially received from the client at 407. If the stored hashed Password' and the MD5 hash of the password are identical at 409, then communication is allowed to proceed at 411. Otherwise the session is terminated at 413.
FIG. 5 illustrates another aspect of the invention. Many servers store passwords as a hash of the password combined with a random variable known as a salt. This may be done to increase the security and integrity of the password stored in the file. The "crypt" function of UNIX systems stores passwords in this fashion. The client is generally not aware of the salt.
The invention can be extended to include passwords protected with a salt. As shown in FIG. 5, the salt is sent to the client at 519. This may be accomplished in at least three ways (1) the salt is the server nonce; (2) the salt is the first part of the server nonce; or (3) the salt is sent in addition to the server nonce. The client calculates the hash of the password, but also adds the salt to the hash at 521. The flow proceeds through 323, 327 and 329 as was already described. Then at 531, the password and the salt are hashed. After the server has verified the password at step 333, the server performs an additional operation at 536, to re-hash the password with a new generated (second) salt and to replace the old stored password hash. This maintains the integrity of the password hashes stored at the server.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the present invention using a salt. Once the encrypted session has been established at 601, the server has the client send the un-hashed password over the encrypted pipe at 603. Once the server receives the un-hashed password, it performs its own hash on the un-hashed password combined with the salt at 605 and compares that to the Password' that was initially received from the client at 607. If the stored hashed Password' and the hash of the password are identical at 609, then communication is allowed to proceed at 611. Otherwise the session is terminated at 613. If the compare is successful, the server will delete to the old Password' hash in the User Id file, and generate a new Password' using a newly generated salt at 612.
According to the invention, the client sends the clear password over the encrypted pipe to demonstrate that the client does indeed know the password and has not obtained the Password' from a breach of the User Id database table. If the client did retrieve the password by a breach in the User Id database table, the client would only know the encrypted password and would not be able to send the clear password over the encrypted pipe. This provides an additional security mechanism to protect the information being transmitted between the two parties.
An example will now be used to illustrate authentication according to the invention. Assume that Joe is the client user name. Joe runs an application program that desires to talk to the server in a secure way. The program that Joe is running first looks up the user name (Joe). It then prompts Joe for a password. Assume that Joe entered PW as his password. The program running on Joe's machine next creates a random number that is called client nonce. The program on Joe's machine then sends the user name (Joe) and the client nonce to the server.
When the server receives the above information, it looks up the user name. It retrieves a hashed password (PW'). The server creates a nonce of its own, creates a SessionKey for this session and uses the PW' with the server's name, the nonce of the client and the nonce of the server to compute a SecretHash. The server then uses the SecretHash to encrypt the SessionKey. The server then sends the encrypted SessionKey and the nonce of the client to Joe.
Joe then takes his password and hashes it to get the PW' with the server's name, the nonce of the client and the nonce of the server to compute a SecretHash. Joe then uses the calculated SecretHash to decrypt the SessionKey. Joe then uses the decrypted SessionKey to encrypt the traffic that he sends to the server. Using the present invention, the first thing that he sends to the server is his clear text password (PW').
The server receives Joe's password using only the SessionKey to decrypt it. The server then hashes the password and compares it to the PW' stored at the server. If they are the same, the server and Joe continue their communication and their transmission of data using the SessionKey to encrypt and decrypt the information. If the newly encrypted password and the PW' are different, then the server terminates the session.
In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed typical preferred embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4649233 *||11 Apr 1985||10 Mar 1987||International Business Machines Corporation||Method for establishing user authenication with composite session keys among cryptographically communicating nodes|
|US5491752 *||2 Sep 1994||13 Feb 1996||Digital Equipment Corporation, Patent Law Group||System for increasing the difficulty of password guessing attacks in a distributed authentication scheme employing authentication tokens|
|US5495533 *||29 Apr 1994||27 Feb 1996||International Business Machines Corporation||Personal key archive|
|US5719941 *||12 Jan 1996||17 Feb 1998||Microsoft Corporation||Method for changing passwords on a remote computer|
|US5729608 *||27 Jul 1993||17 Mar 1998||International Business Machines Corp.||Method and system for providing secure key distribution in a communication system|
|US5787169 *||28 Dec 1995||28 Jul 1998||International Business Machines Corp.||Method and apparatus for controlling access to encrypted data files in a computer system|
|US5870474 *||29 Dec 1995||9 Feb 1999||Scientific-Atlanta, Inc.||Method and apparatus for providing conditional access in connection-oriented, interactive networks with a multiplicity of service providers|
|US5870544 *||20 Oct 1997||9 Feb 1999||International Business Machines Corporation||Method and apparatus for creating a secure connection between a java applet and a web server|
|US5875248 *||25 Feb 1997||23 Feb 1999||International Business Machines Corporation||Method of counterfeit detection of electronic data stored on a device|
|EP0197392A2 *||21 Mar 1986||15 Oct 1986||International Business Machines Corporation||Improvements in cryptographic communication|
|1||Molva et al., "KryptoKnight Authentication and Key Distribution System", CRYPTO'91, pp. 155-174.|
|2||*||Molva et al., KryptoKnight Authentication and Key Distribution System , CRYPTO 91, pp. 155 174.|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US6237093 *||29 Dec 1999||22 May 2001||Sonera Oyj||Procedure for setting up a secure service connection in a telecommunication system|
|US6601175 *||16 Mar 1999||29 Jul 2003||International Business Machines Corporation||Method and system for providing limited-life machine-specific passwords for data processing systems|
|US6748544 *||19 Aug 1999||8 Jun 2004||International Business Machines Corporation||Discrete, background determination of the adequacy of security features of a computer system|
|US6826686 *||14 Apr 2000||30 Nov 2004||International Business Machines Corporation||Method and apparatus for secure password transmission and password changes|
|US6892308 *||22 Sep 2000||10 May 2005||General Instrument Corporation||Internet protocol telephony security architecture|
|US6978376 *||15 Dec 2000||20 Dec 2005||Authentica, Inc.||Information security architecture for encrypting documents for remote access while maintaining access control|
|US6981137 *||17 Jan 2001||27 Dec 2005||Microsoft Corporation||System for broadcasting to, and programming, a mobile device in a protocol|
|US6996715 *||3 Jan 2002||7 Feb 2006||Lockheed Martin Corporation||Method for identification of a user's unique identifier without storing the identifier at the identification site|
|US7058971 *||6 Sep 2000||6 Jun 2006||Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.||Access privilege transferring method|
|US7111172 *||19 Jul 1999||19 Sep 2006||Rsa Security Inc.||System and methods for maintaining and distributing personal security devices|
|US7194762 *||30 Nov 2001||20 Mar 2007||Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.||Method of creating password list for remote authentication to services|
|US7197765 *||29 Dec 2000||27 Mar 2007||Intel Corporation||Method for securely using a single password for multiple purposes|
|US7249379||1 Feb 2002||24 Jul 2007||Systems Advisory Group Enterprises, Inc.||Method and apparatus for implementing process-based security in a computer system|
|US7305706||15 Jan 2004||4 Dec 2007||Cisco Technology, Inc.||Establishing a virtual private network for a road warrior|
|US7373507 *||8 Nov 2001||13 May 2008||Plethora Technology, Inc.||System and method for establishing secure communication|
|US7392535||21 Apr 2006||24 Jun 2008||Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.||Access privilege transferring method|
|US7424615 *||30 Jul 2001||9 Sep 2008||Apple Inc.||Mutually authenticated secure key exchange (MASKE)|
|US7428749||3 Aug 2001||23 Sep 2008||International Business Machines Corporation||Secure delegation using public key authorization|
|US7458102||17 Aug 2004||25 Nov 2008||Emc Corporation||Information security architecture for remote access control using non-bidirectional protocols|
|US7469341||5 Apr 2002||23 Dec 2008||Ipass Inc.||Method and system for associating a plurality of transaction data records generated in a service access system|
|US7472273 *||21 Dec 2001||30 Dec 2008||Nokia Corporation||Authentication in data communication|
|US7478434 *||31 May 2000||13 Jan 2009||International Business Machines Corporation||Authentication and authorization protocol for secure web-based access to a protected resource|
|US7539862||8 Apr 2004||26 May 2009||Ipass Inc.||Method and system for verifying and updating the configuration of an access device during authentication|
|US7581243 *||27 Jan 2005||25 Aug 2009||Canon Kabushiki Kaisha||Secure communication method, terminal device, authentication server, computer program, and computer-readable recording medium|
|US7603556 *||26 Nov 2004||13 Oct 2009||Research In Motion Limited||Challenge response-based device authentication system and method|
|US7669057 *||24 Jan 2005||23 Feb 2010||International Business Machines Corporation||Secure computer password system and method|
|US7694329||6 Apr 2010||International Business Machines Corporation||Secure delegation using public key authentication|
|US7698736||5 Aug 2008||13 Apr 2010||International Business Machines Corporation||Secure delegation using public key authentication|
|US7769858||3 Aug 2010||International Business Machines Corporation||Method for efficiently hashing packet keys into a firewall connection table|
|US7921290 *||5 Apr 2011||Ipass Inc.||Method and system for securely authenticating network access credentials for users|
|US7925886||12 Apr 2011||International Business Machines Corporation||Encryption output data generation method and system|
|US7958352||29 Dec 2008||7 Jun 2011||Ipass Inc.||Method and system for verifying and updating the configuration of an access device during authentication|
|US8042165 *||14 Jan 2005||18 Oct 2011||Citrix Systems, Inc.||Method and system for requesting and granting membership in a server farm|
|US8074072 *||6 Dec 2011||Research In Motion Limited||Challenge response-based device authentication system and method|
|US8094812 *||28 Sep 2007||10 Jan 2012||Juniper Networks, Inc.||Updating stored passwords|
|US8112547||8 Jun 2010||7 Feb 2012||International Business Machines Corporation||Efficiently hashing packet keys into a firewall connection table|
|US8122250||4 Dec 2008||21 Feb 2012||Nokia Corporation||Authentication in data communication|
|US8156332 *||29 May 2007||10 Apr 2012||Apple Inc.||Peer-to-peer security authentication protocol|
|US8245048||14 Aug 2012||Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.||Authentication method, system, server, and client|
|US8334757 *||9 May 2007||18 Dec 2012||Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.||Controlling data access to and from an RFID device|
|US8341404 *||17 Feb 2006||25 Dec 2012||Credant Technologies, Inc.||System and method for intelligence based security|
|US8375425 *||12 Feb 2013||International Business Machines Corporation||Password expiration based on vulnerability detection|
|US8392717 *||7 May 2010||5 Mar 2013||Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.||Authentication method, system, server, and client|
|US8447990 *||23 Oct 2003||21 May 2013||Cambridge Interactive Development Corp.||Password encryption key|
|US8515068||26 Oct 2011||20 Aug 2013||Research In Motion Limited||Challenge response-based device authentication system and method|
|US8548916 *||11 May 2009||1 Oct 2013||International Business Machines Corporation||Managing passwords used when detecting information on configuration items disposed on a network|
|US8606885||5 Jun 2003||10 Dec 2013||Ipass Inc.||Method and system of providing access point data associated with a network access point|
|US8627104 *||28 Apr 2011||7 Jan 2014||Absio Corporation||Secure data storage|
|US8769637 *||23 Mar 2007||1 Jul 2014||Sap Ag||Iterated password hash systems and methods for preserving password entropy|
|US8831214 *||12 Mar 2009||9 Sep 2014||Cheman Shaik||Password self encryption method and system and encryption by keys generated from personal secret information|
|US8832804||5 Aug 2011||9 Sep 2014||Google Inc.||Password pre-verification in client-server applications|
|US8874536 *||17 Dec 2009||28 Oct 2014||Skype||Matching information items|
|US8966276 *||10 Sep 2004||24 Feb 2015||Emc Corporation||System and method providing disconnected authentication|
|US9001999||6 Dec 2011||7 Apr 2015||Pulse Secure, Llc||Updating stored passwords|
|US9021248 *||22 Aug 2013||28 Apr 2015||SolidMobile, Inc.||Secure access of mobile devices using passwords|
|US9069944||14 Feb 2012||30 Jun 2015||International Business Machines Corporation||Managing passwords used when detecting information on configuration items disposed on a network|
|US9104888 *||4 Dec 2013||11 Aug 2015||Absio Corporation||Secure data storage|
|US9141815||12 Dec 2012||22 Sep 2015||Credant Technologies, Inc.||System and method for intelligence based security|
|US9167035||17 Dec 2009||20 Oct 2015||Skype||Contact information in a peer to peer communications network|
|US9213851 *||12 Dec 2012||15 Dec 2015||Vmware, Inc.||Limiting access to a digital item|
|US9213852 *||7 Mar 2013||15 Dec 2015||Vmware, Inc.||Limiting access to a digital item|
|US9231951 *||8 Nov 2013||5 Jan 2016||Google Inc.||Probabilistically expedited secure connections via connection parameter reuse|
|US9292674||17 May 2013||22 Mar 2016||Cambridge Interactive Development Corp.||Password encryption key|
|US9294281 *||10 Feb 2012||22 Mar 2016||Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc||Utilization of a protected module to prevent offline dictionary attacks|
|US20020046343 *||17 Jan 2001||18 Apr 2002||Vinay Deo||System for broadcasting to, and programming, a mobile device in a protocol|
|US20020056040 *||8 Nov 2001||9 May 2002||Timothy J. Simms||System and method for establishing secure communication|
|US20020078361 *||15 Dec 2000||20 Jun 2002||David Giroux||Information security architecture for encrypting documents for remote access while maintaining access control|
|US20020083325 *||2 Nov 2001||27 Jun 2002||Bharat Mediratta||Updating security schemes for remote client access|
|US20020087890 *||29 Dec 2000||4 Jul 2002||Chan Keen W.||Method for securely using a single password for multiple purposes|
|US20020194501 *||25 Jul 2001||19 Dec 2002||Storymail, Inc.||System and method for conducting a secure interactive communication session|
|US20030056092 *||5 Apr 2002||20 Mar 2003||Edgett Jeff Steven||Method and system for associating a plurality of transaction data records generated in a service access system|
|US20030056096 *||5 Apr 2002||20 Mar 2003||Albert Roy David||Method and system for securely authenticating network access credentials for users|
|US20030065919 *||5 Apr 2002||3 Apr 2003||Albert Roy David||Method and system for identifying a replay attack by an access device to a computer system|
|US20030093680 *||13 Nov 2001||15 May 2003||International Business Machines Corporation||Methods, apparatus and computer programs performing a mutual challenge-response authentication protocol using operating system capabilities|
|US20030105980 *||30 Nov 2001||5 Jun 2003||International Business Machines Corporation||Method of creating password list for remote authentication to services|
|US20030126436 *||3 Jan 2002||3 Jul 2003||Eric Greenberg||Method for identification of a user's unique identifier without storing the identifier at the identification site|
|US20030188201 *||28 Mar 2002||2 Oct 2003||International Business Machines Corporation||Method and system for securing access to passwords in a computing network environment|
|US20030204724 *||30 Apr 2002||30 Oct 2003||Microsoft Corporation||Methods for remotely changing a communications password|
|US20030212911 *||13 May 2002||13 Nov 2003||International Business Machines Corporation||Secure control of access to data stored on a storage device of a computer system|
|US20030226040 *||3 Jun 2002||4 Dec 2003||International Business Machines Corporation||Controlling access to data stored on a storage device of a trusted computing platform system|
|US20040078571 *||21 Dec 2001||22 Apr 2004||Henry Haverinen||Authentication in data communication|
|US20040093525 *||22 Sep 2003||13 May 2004||Larnen Vincent Alan||Process based security tai building|
|US20040098627 *||5 Aug 2003||20 May 2004||Larsen Vincent Alan||Process based security system authentication system and method|
|US20040103096 *||5 Aug 2003||27 May 2004||Larsen Vincent Alan||Multi-user process based security system and method|
|US20040128505 *||5 Aug 2003||1 Jul 2004||Larsen Vincent Alan||Secure file transfer in a process based security system|
|US20040128510 *||5 Aug 2003||1 Jul 2004||Larsen Vincent Alan||Key exchange for a process-based security system|
|US20040158734 *||22 Sep 2003||12 Aug 2004||Larsen Vincent Alan||System and method for process-based security in a portable electronic device|
|US20040215544 *||26 Feb 2002||28 Oct 2004||Vincent Formale||Method, system, and graphic user interface for automated asset management|
|US20040230836 *||10 Feb 2004||18 Nov 2004||Larsen Vincent Alan||Hardware implementation of process-based security protocol|
|US20050021781 *||5 Jun 2003||27 Jan 2005||Singam Sunder||Method and system of providing access point data associated with a network access point|
|US20050044381 *||27 Oct 2003||24 Feb 2005||Larsen Vincent Alan||System & method of table building for a process-based security system using intrusion detection|
|US20050055581 *||5 Aug 2003||10 Mar 2005||Larsen Vincent Alan||Financial transaction server with process-based security|
|US20050149736 *||23 Dec 2004||7 Jul 2005||Kim Woo-Chang||Data-security printing method and system using authentication protocol in network printer|
|US20050160290 *||15 Jan 2004||21 Jul 2005||Cisco Technology, Inc., A Corporation Of California||Establishing a virtual private network for a road warrior|
|US20050166263 *||10 Sep 2004||28 Jul 2005||Andrew Nanopoulos||System and method providing disconnected authentication|
|US20050210253 *||27 Jan 2005||22 Sep 2005||Canon Kabushiki Kaisha||Secure communication method, terminal device, authentication server, computer program, and computer-readable recording medium|
|US20050250473 *||26 Nov 2004||10 Nov 2005||Research In Motion Limited||Challenge response system and method|
|US20060041751 *||17 Aug 2004||23 Feb 2006||Allen Rogers||Information security architecture for remote access control using non-bidirectional protocols|
|US20060156026 *||23 Oct 2003||13 Jul 2006||Daniil Utin||Password encryption key|
|US20060161974 *||14 Jan 2005||20 Jul 2006||Citrix Systems, Inc.||A method and system for requesting and granting membership in a server farm|
|US20060168455 *||24 Jan 2005||27 Jul 2006||International Business Machines Corporation||Secure computer password system and method|
|US20060190613 *||23 Feb 2005||24 Aug 2006||International Business Machines Corporation||Method, program and system for efficiently hashing packet keys into a firewall connection table|
|US20060190995 *||21 Apr 2006||24 Aug 2006||Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.||Access privilege transferring method|
|US20060236385 *||14 Jan 2005||19 Oct 2006||Citrix Systems, Inc.||A method and system for authenticating servers in a server farm|
|US20070058815 *||30 Aug 2006||15 Mar 2007||Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.||Method and apparatus for securely transmitting and receiving data in peer-to-peer manner|
|US20070174909 *||17 Feb 2006||26 Jul 2007||Credant Technologies, Inc.||System and method for intelligence based security|
|US20080235772 *||23 Mar 2007||25 Sep 2008||Sap Ag.||Iterated password hash systems and methods for preserving password entropy|
|US20080301435 *||29 May 2007||4 Dec 2008||Apple Inc.||Peer-to-peer security authentication protocol|
|US20080301465 *||4 Jun 2007||4 Dec 2008||Microsoft Corporation||Protection of software transmitted over an unprotected interface|
|US20090055902 *||5 Aug 2008||26 Feb 2009||International Business Machines Corporation||Secure delegation using public key authentication|
|US20090055916 *||5 Aug 2008||26 Feb 2009||International Business Machines Corporation||Secure delegation using public key authentication|
|US20090126018 *||14 Nov 2007||14 May 2009||Susann Marie Keohane||Password expiration based on vulnerability detection|
|US20090150525 *||29 Dec 2008||11 Jun 2009||Ipass, Inc.||Method and system for verifying and updating the configuration of an access device during authentication|
|US20090183003 *||16 Jul 2009||Nokia Corporation||Authentication in data communication|
|US20090240943 *||22 Apr 2009||24 Sep 2009||Research In Motion Limited||Challenge response-based device authentication system and method|
|US20090287936 *||19 Nov 2009||International Business Machines Corporation||Managing passwords used when detecting information on configuration items disposed on a network|
|US20090296927 *||3 Dec 2009||Cheman Shaik||Password self encryption method and system and encryption by keys generated from personal secret information|
|US20100073147 *||9 May 2007||25 Mar 2010||Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.||Controlling data access to and from an rfid device|
|US20100217997 *||26 Aug 2010||Xiaoqian Chai||Authentication method, system, server, and client|
|US20100241746 *||8 Jun 2010||23 Sep 2010||International Business Machines Corporation||Method, Program and System for Efficiently Hashing Packet Keys into a Firewall Connection Table|
|US20110113029 *||12 May 2011||Madis Kaal||Matching Information Items|
|US20110113149 *||17 Dec 2009||12 May 2011||Madis Kaal||Contact Information In A Peer To Peer Communications Network|
|US20130031372 *||28 Apr 2011||31 Jan 2013||Iphase3 Corporation||Secure data storage|
|US20130212385 *||10 Feb 2012||15 Aug 2013||Microsoft Corporation||Utilization of a protected module to prevent offline dictionary attacks|
|US20140095869 *||4 Dec 2013||3 Apr 2014||Absio Corporation||Secure data storage|
|US20140165166 *||12 Dec 2012||12 Jun 2014||Vmware, Inc.||Limiting access to a digital item|
|US20140165215 *||7 Mar 2013||12 Jun 2014||Vmware, Inc.||Limiting access to a digital item|
|US20150128229 *||8 Nov 2013||7 May 2015||Google Inc.||Probabilistically expedited secure connections via connection parameter reuse|
|USRE41186||9 Sep 2004||30 Mar 2010||Emc Corporation||Method of encrypting information for remote access while maintaining access control|
|USRE44364||16 May 2005||9 Jul 2013||Emc Corporation||Method of encrypting information for remote access while maintaining access control|
|CN100388244C||29 Apr 2003||14 May 2008||微软公司||Method and system for long-distance changing of communication cipher code|
|DE102004057240A1 *||26 Nov 2004||8 Jun 2006||Fujitsu Siemens Computers Gmbh||Data processing method for cryptographic file system, involves storing data with key defined by user in data blocks of predetermined size, where each data block can be selectively accessed|
|DE102004057240B4 *||26 Nov 2004||13 Sep 2007||Fujitsu Siemens Computers Gmbh||Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verarbeiten von verschlüsselt in einer Datei abgelegten Daten|
|EP2285042A1 *||7 Jul 2009||16 Feb 2011||Gemalto SA||Software security module using the ciphering of a hash from a password concatenated with a seed|
|WO2002037728A1 *||2 Nov 2001||10 May 2002||Fusionone, Inc.||Updating security schemes for remote client access|
|WO2004040410A2 *||23 Oct 2003||13 May 2004||Grand Virtual Inc||Password encryption key|
|WO2004040410A3 *||23 Oct 2003||29 Jul 2004||Grand Virtual Inc||Password encryption key|
|WO2011003722A1 *||18 Jun 2010||13 Jan 2011||Gemalto Sa||Software security module using the encryption of the hash of a password concatenated with a seed|
|U.S. Classification||713/155, 713/183, 713/171, 380/30, 726/18|
|International Classification||G06F21/00, H04L29/06|
|Cooperative Classification||G06F2211/007, H04L63/0428, G06F21/31|
|European Classification||G06F21/31, H04L63/08D|
|15 Sep 1997||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DAVIS, MARK CHARLES;KUEHR-MCLAREN, DAVID GERARD;POWERS, CALVIN STACY;REEL/FRAME:008818/0486
Effective date: 19970915
|25 Sep 2003||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|19 Sep 2007||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|14 Jul 2009||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: RPX CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:022951/0408
Effective date: 20090619
|16 Nov 2011||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12