Vertebrates &Invertebrates : Vertebrates &Invertebrates Interactive Presentation Slide 2: Introduction You are about to begin an interactive presentation.
Caution: This is not a normal presentation!
YOU will be participating!
You will be learning about two main classifications of animals:
Vertebrates, invertebrates, and the differences between them. Slide 3: There are several ways to navigate through this presentation:
On some slides you can click on the boxes that look like this:
You can click the “next” or “back” buttons like the one at the bottom left of this page.
For slides with questions, just click on your choice. Directions Slide 4: Presentation Objectives Given access to this presentation, the students will navigate through this presentation with 90% accuracy.
Given questions within the presentation, the students will correctly answer 70% of the questions.
Given at least 30 minutes to explore the presentation and given characteristics of a specific animal, students will be able to identify whether the animal is a vertebrate or an invertebrate with 80% accuracy. Slide 5: Classification of Animals Click on vertebrates or invertebrates to learn more about each!! Click below after you have read about vertebrates and invertebrates ANIMALS VERTEBRATES INVERTEBRATES Slide 6: Vertebrates Animals that are vertebrates are simply animals with a backbone.
Vertebrates have an endoskeleton
It offers support and protects the soft parts of the animal. Slide 7: Vertebrates Vertebrates can either be ectotherms or endotherms.
Body temperature changes to match their surroundings.
Regulate their body temperature so that it remains constant Slide 8: Vertebrates Vertebrate animals fall into the chordate phylum.
The chordate phylum is divided into classes. Fish
Mammals Slide 9: Vertebrates This chart shows the vertebrates organized into classes. Fish Mammals Birds Amphibians Reptiles Click on a box to learn more about that class of vertebrates!
When you are done, click the link at the bottom left of the screen to learn about invertebrates! Click here to go to Invertebrates VERTEBRATES Slide 10: Fish are cold-blooded animals.
This means that their blood temperature changes with the temperature of the surrounding water.
Most fish live close to the shore in water that is less than 600 feet deep.
In the ocean, the deeper the water, the dimmer the light.
Many fish who live at 2000 feet or deeper glow in the dark. Fish Slide 11: All fish have gills. These gills absorb oxygen from the water and pass it along to the bloodstream.
A fishes scales are called armor because they protect it. A slimy substance moistens the scales. This protects the fish from infection and helps the fish slip through the water faster. Fish Slide 12: Fish Fish stay afloat because they have swim bladders. By changing the amount of air in its bladder, a fish never rises or sinks, but stays balanced. Slide 13: Fish Fins move the fish forward, steer it, and help the fish to keep its balance.
- The pectoral and pelvic fins are used for balance,
steering, and braking.
- The dorsal fin keeps the fish from rolling over and
works along with the anal fin.
- The tail (caudal fin) provides power, thrushing the
fish forward. Slide 14: Fish Fish are actually divided into 3 different classes.
Click the boxes to learn about these 3 types.
You must click the boxes in order from top to bottom. Cartilaginous Fish Bony Fish Jawless Fish Slide 15: Bony Fish Bony fish make up about 95% of all fish.
Skeletons are made up of bone.
Their scaly skin is covered with a slimy mucous.
Their mouth is generally at the front of the body.
They have a tail fin. Slide 16: Cartilaginous Fish Chilean Skate Ray Great White Shark Cartilaginous fish include the sharks, skates and rays.
Although these look different, they have many features in common.
None of them have any true bone - their skeleton is made of cartilage.
They have strong jaws Slide 17: Cartilaginous Fish
Continued… Their mouth is on the underside of their body.
Their eyes are on the top of their body.
They cannot see food as it enters their mouth.
Some sharks solve this problem by touching their food briefly with their nose first.
Some also use a powerful electrosensory system. Slide 18: Jawless Fish lamprey This is a primitive eel-like fish which doesn't have a true jaw, but a sucker-like mouth (like suction cups!) and rasping teeth.
There are two main types:
Lampreys are found in freshwater lakes and streams as well as in salt water.
Hagfish, or blind eels, are found only in salt water and feed mainly on dead fish. Slide 19: Click on the correct choice.
The majority of fish fall into which class?
Jawless Fish Let’s Review Fish!!! Slide 20: OOPS! You chose B. Cartilaginous Fish.
That is incorrect.
Think about the majority of fish you have seen in your life…what is hard inside their body? Slide 21: OOPS! You chose C. Jawless Fish.
That is incorrect.
Think about the majority of fish you have seen in your life…what is hard inside their body? Slide 22: Good Job! Yes. The correct choice is A Bony Fish.
About 95% of all fish are considered bony fish! Slide 23: Click on the correct choice.
Which fin gives the fish balance, steering, and braking?
Caudal Fin (tail)
Pectoral and Pelvic Fins Let’s Review Fish!!! Slide 24: OOPS! You chose B. Caudal Fin (tail).
That is incorrect.
The caudal fin (tail) actually gives the fish the power to move forward. Slide 25: OOPS! You chose A. Dorsal Fin.
That is incorrect.
The dorsal fin keeps the fish from rolling over. Slide 26: Good Job! Yes. The correct choice is
C. Pectoral and Pelvic Fin.
These allow the fish to balance, steer, and brake. Slide 27: Amphibians Salamander newts toad These animals have smooth skin
Most spend at least part of their life in water.
Amphibians are cold-blooded (hibernate in winter).
They usually have three life stages: egg, larva, adult (metamorphosis).
Includes: Frogs, Toads, Salamanders, and Newts. Ever wonder what the difference between a frog and a toad was? Click here to find out! Slide 28: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A FROG AND A TOAD ? Slide 29: Adult Frog Young Frog Fertilized Eggs Tadpoles Adults are typically ready tobreed in about one to two years. Frog eggs are laid in water and
undergo external fertilization. The eggs hatch into tadpoles a few days to several weeks later. Tadpoles gradually grow limbs, lose their tails and gills, and
become meat-eaters as they develop into terrestrial adults. Metamorphosis Slide 30: Amphibians Amphibian = “double life”
Live in both water and land
Most larvae are fishlike; adults are terrestrial carnivores
Larvae respire through skin/gills; Adults use lungs
Descendants of ancestral organisms that evolved some, not all, adaptations for life on land
First appeared 360 million years ago
Closed circulatory system; three chambered heart Slide 31: Amphibians Groups of Amphibians Salamanders –
Long bodies and tails
Adults are carnivorous
Usually live in moist woods
Frogs and Toads –
Frogs have long legs and are usually tied to water
Toads have shorter legs and not as closely tied to water
Legless animals that burrow in moist soil
Have fishlike scales Slide 32: These animals have dry, scaly skin.
They are cold-blooded (hibernate in winter).
Some live in the water, but most are adapted to life on land.
Most reptiles lay soft-shelled eggs, but some bear live young.
Includes: Lizards, Snakes, Turtles, and Crocodiles.
Did you know that snakes smell with their tongue! Reptiles Iguana Turtle Crocodile Slide 33: Reptiles All reptiles have:
Dry, scaly skin – helps prevent loss
of body water in dry environments
Terestrial eggs – first animals to
develop amniotic eggs that didn’t
need to be deposited in water
Respire using lungs
Internal Fertilization; Most are egg-laying
Ectotherms – cannot internally regulate body temperature; cannot live in cold climates
Behavior controls body temp. (swimming, burrowing, basking, etc.)
Closed circulatory system; double loop;
Heart = two atria/one or two ventricles Slide 34: Reptiles Groups of Reptiles Lizards and Snakes
Have legs & clawed toes (lizards) external ears, moveable eyelids
Highly evolved specialized forms (venom)
Crocodiles and Alligators
Long, typically broad snout and squat appearance
All are carnivorous
Protective of young; carry hatchlings in their mouth
Live in tropics and subtropics
Alligators live in freshwater
Crocodiles live in fresh or saltwater Slide 35: Reptiles Turtles and Tortoises –
All are shelled
Turtles are aquatic; tortoises are terrestrial
Primitive reptiles found on small, remote islands Slide 36: Birds are warm-blooded.
They have hollow bones and feathers.
Most can fly at least short distances.
Birds are born from hard-shelled eggs.
Includes: Raptors, Gulls, Songbirds, and Fowl. Birds Raptor Gull Fowl Slide 37: Birds Nearly 10,000 modern bird species
Birds are closely related to reptiles (scales on legs)
Have outer covering made of feathers, two legs used for walking or perching, and forelimbs modified into wings
Feathers separate birds from all other animal species
Feathers provide insulation for warmth; can generate on body heat
Beak/Bills adapted to type of food they eat
Highly efficient respiratory system; lungs only exposed to Oxygen rich air
Internal fertilization; amniotic eggs; many mate for life Slide 38: Birds Groups of Birds More than thirty orders of birds
Some of the most common
Perching Birds – largest order; many are songbirds (sparrows, crows, cardinals, etc.)
Birds of Prey – fierce predators with hooked bills; large talons (condors, hawks, owls, eagles, etc.)
Herons & Relatives – Wade in aquatic habitats (storks, herons, cranes)
Ostriches & Relatives – flightless birds move by running or swimming (ostriches, emus, etc.) Slide 39: Mammals These animals usually have hair/fur.
They give birth to live young and feed their young with milk.
Have the most complex brains and nervous systems of any animal on earth.
Mammals are warm-blooded.
Includes: Rodents, Hoofed animals, Marsupials, Bats, Rabbits, Weasels, Raccoons, Bears, Dogs, and Cats. Rodent Bat Dog Slide 40: Mammals First true mammals appeared 220 million years ago
Mammals flourished after dinosaurs became extinct – 65 million years ago
Mammary glands – produce milk to nourish young
Four chambered heart
Endotherms – can generate own body heat
Internal fertilization; care for young Slide 41: Mammals Slide 42: Mammals Slide 43: Mammals Slide 44: Not So Fast!! Let’s try one quick review question! Slide 45: Vertebrate Review You see a greenish-brownish colored animal walking in your yard. You get brave, and decide to touch it. It’s skin is dry and scaly. What kind of animal is it most likely?
Reptile Slide 46: OOPS! You chose A. Amphibian.
That is incorrect.
Amphibians have smooth skin. Slide 47: OOPS! You chose B. Mammal.
That is incorrect.
A mammal’s skin would most likely be furry. Slide 48: Good Job! Yes. The correct choice is
Reptiles have dry, scaly skin. Slide 49: What’s the difference between an alligator and a crocodile?
Click here to find out!
What’s the difference between a reptile and an amphibian?
Click here to find out! Fun Facts! Slide 50: Invertebrates are animals without a backbone.
97% of all animals are invertebrates!
They are divided into different groups or phyla (plural of phylums).
Scientists look at something called symmetry to help classify invertebrates. Invertebrates Slide 51: Invertebrates Radial symmetry: body parts are arranged around in a circle around a central point (starfish). Bilateral symmetry: have two sides that will match if you draw a line down the center of their body (lobster). Asymmetric: these animals have no definite shape at all (sponges). Slide 52: Invertebrates Cnidarian Sponges Arthropods Mollusks Echinoderms Annelids Flatworms Click on a box to learn more about that class of invertebrates!
When you are done, click the man at the bottom left of the screen to move on! Click below when you are done learning about invertebrates: INVERTEBRATES Roundworms Slide 53: COELENTERATA: Cnidarians Have radial symmetry
Sometimes they have stinging tentacles around their mouths that they use to catch food. Polyp Jellyfish Slide 54: They have tentacles
They have a mouth
They live on the ocean floor
They shoot poisonous darts jellyfish Sea anemone coral COELENTERATA: Cnidarians Slide 55: Have diversified into a wide range of both sessile and floating forms including jellies, corals, and hydras
But still exhibit a relatively simple diploblastic, radial body plan The basic body plan of a cnidarian is a sac with a central digestive compartment, the gastrovascular cavity
A single opening functions as both mouth and anus COELENTERATA: Cnidarians Slide 56: Cnidarians are carnivores
That use tentacles to capture prey
The tentacles are armed with cnidocytes
Unique cells that function in defense and the capture of prey COELENTERATA: Cnidarians Slide 57: COELENTERATA: Cnidarians Slide 58: Corals look like plants but they belong to the animal kingdom.
They have soft tubelike bodies with a single opening surrounded by armlike parts called tentacles.
They feed by catching tiny animals in their tentacles.
Hydras have tentacles that catch their food.
They move from place to place.
Hydras are much smaller animals.
Jellyfish catch shrimp,fish, and other animals in its tentacles also. COELENTERATA: Cnidarians Slide 59: Asymmetric bodies
They filter food out of the water as it passes through them. PORIFERA: Sponges Slide 60: Sponges Characteristics They look like plants but they are animals.
Sponges stay fixed in one place.
Their bodies are full of holes and their skeleton is made of spiky fibers.
Water flows through the holes of their body which enables them to catch food. PORIFERA: Sponges Slide 61: NEMATODA: Roundworms These outnumber every other animal on earth.
They can be predators, parasites, or decomposers. Slide 62: They have rounded bodies.
They live in damp places and they can also live inside humans and other animals.
They too can make people and other animals sick. NEMATODA: Roundworms Slide 63: Arthropods Have jointed body parts
Lobster, house fly, beetle, butterflies, spiders Butterfly Beetle Tarantula House Fly Lobster Crustaceans
Insects Slide 64: Arthropods
Crustaceans Crustaceans live mostly in the ocean or other waters.
Most commonly known crustaceans are the crab and lobster.
Crustaceans have a hard, external shell which protects their body.
Crustaceans have a head and abdomen. The head has antennae which are part of their sensory system. The abdomen includes the heart, digestive system and reproductive system.
The abdomen also has appendages, such as legs, for crawling and swimming. Many crustaceans also have claws that help with crawling and eating. Crustaceans
Insects Slide 65: Crustaceans
Cheliceriformes: Arachnids Arachnids are a type of arthropod. You know many of them as spiders.
Like other arthropods, the arachnids have a hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages for walking.
Unlike other arthropods, arachnids do not have antennae.
Common arachnids are the spider, scorpions, ticks and mites. Slide 66: Crustaceans
Hexapoda: Insects Insects are the largest group of arthropods. There are over 800,000 different types of insects. The insect's head has a pair of antennae, and a pair of compound eyes. Compound eyes are different from human eyes which have a single lens for each eye. Compound eyes have many lenses for each eye. For example, the fly has about 4,000 lenses in a single eye. This provides them with very good eyesight. Slide 67: Long, flat bodies
Most are parasites that invade other creatures and live off of them.
Planaria, tapeworms, liver flukes Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Planaria Liver Flukes Tapeworm Slide 68: Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Live in marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial habitats
Are flattened dorsoventrally and have a gastrovascular cavity
They have a head and a tail, and flattened bodies. Slide 69: Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Slide 70: Annelida: Segmented worms The earthworm belongs to this group of worms.
Their bodies are divided in segments, or sections.
They prefer burrowing through moist soil.
This allows them to move
easily and it keeps them from
drying out. Slide 71: Annelida: Segmented worms Slide 72: Mollusks Soft bodies
Land mollusks include snails and slugs and have lungs.
Water mollusks include oysters, mussels, clams, squids, and octopuses which use gills to breathe. Octopus Snail Oyster Slide 73: squid snail octopus Mollusks They live on land and fresh water and ocean water.
They make shells from minerals in the water
Two shelled mollusks has a big foot to pull itself along Slide 74: snail octopus Mollusks A mollusk has a hard shell, a rough tongue, and a muscular foot.
A snail is a mollusk with a single hard shell.
A clam has two shells joined together by a hinge.
Squids and octopuses are also mollusk.
Their hard shells are small, but they are inside their bodies. Slide 75: snail octopus Mollusks All mollusks have a similar body plan with three main parts
A visceral mass
A muscular foot Slide 76: snail octopus Mollusks Slide 77: Echinoderms Spiny skin
Thousands of tube-like feet
Starfish, sea urchin, sand dollar, and sea cucumber. Sand Dollar Sea Urchin Starfish Sea Cucumber Slide 78: Echinoderms They have bodies with at least 5 sections
They have suction cup feet to walk
They use tubes to catch food to. Slide 79: Echinoderms It belongs to a group of invertebrates that have tiny tube feet and body parts arranged around a central area.
A starfish has five arms and no head!
The hard, spiny covering of the starfish gives the animal protection.
A sea urchin belongs to this same group.
Its body is covered with spines. Slide 80: Echinoderms Slide 81: Let’s Review What type of symmetry does the following invertebrate have?
Asymmetric Slide 82: OOPS! You chose c. asymmetric.
That is incorrect.
Think about the left and right sides of a butterfly… Slide 83: OOPS! You chose a. radial.
That is incorrect.
Are all their body parts arranged around a circle? Slide 84: Good Job! Yes. The correct choice is
Both sides of the butterfly are idential. Slide 85: Congratulations! You have just finished learning about vertebrates and invertebrates!
You are now an expert zoo keeper!
On Monday we will continue our quest….