|Publication number||US7796886 B2|
|Application number||US 12/359,943|
|Publication date||Sep 14, 2010|
|Filing date||Jan 26, 2009|
|Priority date||Mar 29, 2002|
|Also published as||US7502562, US7505687, US20030219255, US20070104489, US20090129774, USRE43403, USRE44015, USRE45104, WO2003084082A2, WO2003084082A3|
|Publication number||12359943, 359943, US 7796886 B2, US 7796886B2, US-B2-7796886, US7796886 B2, US7796886B2|
|Inventors||Pawan Jaggi, Marvin R. Young, William David Bragg|
|Original Assignee||Pawan Jaggi, Young Marvin R, William David Bragg|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (105), Referenced by (3), Classifications (21), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/514,730 filed Aug. 31, 2006, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/402,840 filed Mar. 27, 2003, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/368,545, filed Mar. 29, 2002, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
This invention relates to a computer system for transporting optical signals between coupled metro domains using an optical transport networking system and more particularly using a lessor's optical transport networking system to transport a lessee's signal.
The transmission, routing and dissemination of information has occurred over computer networks for many years via standard electronic communication lines. These communication lines are effective, but place limits on the amount of information being transmitted and the speed of the transmission. With the advent of light-wave technology, a large amount of information is capable of being transmitted, routed and disseminated across great distances at a high rate over fiber optic communication lines.
In traditional optical networks, long haul (LH) and ultra-long haul (ULH) optical networks typically connect major cities. The LH and ULH optical networks can span local geographical regions, countries, continents and even large bodies of water. The construction and maintenance costs of these long haul and ultra-long haul optical networks are prohibitively large. Because of these prohibitive costs, few communication service providers own their own optical networks. Many communication service providers lease the right to transmit optical signals over another communication service provider's optical network. The communication service providers that construct their national networks through the leasing of the optical networks from other communication service providers incur disadvantages, including increased cost versus chose communication service providers that own their own optical networks.
A typical communication service provider leasing “space” on another communication service provider's optical network must provide optical data networking equipment at their own local facilities in a metropolitan area and must also provide optical data networking equipment at the lessor's facility which may be in the same metropolitan area or a short distance away in another metropolitan area. In addition to the cost of maintaining multiple sets of optical data networking equipment, there is an additional penalty from the requirement to use metro transmission systems to connect the lessee communication system provider's facility to the lessor communication service provider's facility and then to use the LH and ULH optical data networking equipment to traverse the LH and ULH optical network. This system results in excessive optical-to-electrical conversions and increases the operational complexity of the overall systems.
What is needed is an optical transmission system that would locate all terminal equipment in the lessee's facility. It would also be beneficial if only line amplifiers and add/drop nodes were in the lessor's facilities. The signal should undergo optical-to-electrical conversion only at the endpoints, preferably in the lessee's facility and at any regeneration points required by physical constraints.
The present invention provides an architecture and method for transmitting signals over a network which allows for all of lessee's equipment to be located at a extension terminal in lessee's facility. It allows for efficient optical-to-electrical conversions and does not require multiple sets of optical data networking equipment.
Prior art systems suffer from the limitation that a typical communication service provider leasing “space” must provide optical data networking equipment at their own local facilities and must also provide optical data networking equipment at the lessor's facility. In addition to the cost of maintaining multiple sets of optical data networking equipment, there is an additional penalty from the requirement to use metro transmission systems to connect the lessee communication system provider's facility to the lessor communication service provider's facility and then to use the LH and ULH optical data networking equipment to traverse the LH and ULH optical network. This system results in excessive optical-to-electrical conversions and increases the operational complexity of the overall systems. In addition, prior art systems suffer from the requirement to convert customer premise equipment signals into short haul format for transport to a facility, usually a lessor's, and then at the facility, to be converted into a LH format for transport over a LH network. Certain prior art systems have attempted to address these problems with varying success.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,726,784 to Alexander, et al., entitled WDM OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH REMODULATORS AND DIVERSE OPTICAL TRANSMITTERS, discloses an invention which is capable of placing information from incoming information-bearing optical signals onto multiple optical signal channels for conveyance over an optical waveguide. A receiving system is configured to receive an information bearing optical signal at a particular reception wavelength and each receiving system must include at least one Bragg grating member for selecting the particular reception wavelength. However, Alexander is intended to provide compatibility with existing systems and does not disclose or suggest a system that allows for efficient optical-to-electrical conversions or one that would locate all terminal equipment in the lessee's facility.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,613,210 to Van Driel, et al, entitled TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR TRANSMITTING INFORMATION TO A PLURALITY OF STATIONS OVER A SINGLE CHANNEL, discloses an invention which uses a method wherein a signal to be transmitted is modulated on a subcarrier having its own frequency and then modulated on a main carrier in each sub-station. While Van Driel does utilize subcarrier multiplexing, only two wavelengths are involved and the multiplexing is therefore limited. Van Driel does not disclose transmitting the signals over a LH network. Nor does Van Driel disclose or suggest a system that allows for efficient optical-to-electrical conversions or one that would locate all terminal equipment in the lessee's facility.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,625 to Smith, et al., entitled DISTRIBUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK, discloses a method and system for increasing the amount of re-use of information transmission wavelengths within a network. A distributive communications network includes groups of nodes at different levels. At each level of nodes, wavelength traffic is either passed on to a higher level, or looped back according to the band of wavelengths to which it is assigned. Philip does not disclose or suggest a system that allows for efficient optical-to-electrical conversions or one that would locate all terminal equipment in the lessee's facility.
Other patents such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,778,116 to Tomich, entitled PHOTONIC HOME AREA NETWORK FIBER/POWER INSERTION APPARATUS, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,914,799 to Tan, entitled OPTICAL NETWORK disclose an invention that is limited to signal transfer from a central station to subscriber stations. Neither of the patents disclose a method or apparatus for transmitting signals over a LH network, disclose or suggest a system that allows for efficient optical-to-electrical conversions or one that would locate all terminal equipment in the lessee's facility.
The present invention is an improvement over the prior art because it allows for efficient optical-to-electrical conversions and does not require multiple sets of optical data networking equipment. The present invention provides for coupled metro domain networks which are a part of a larger inter-domain network. The invention facilitates optical signals generated from customer premise equipment (CPE) at the edges of the metro domain networks. The CPEs are connected to extension terminals preferably in lessee's facility. The extension terminals transform the optical signal originating at the CPE into a suitable format for long haul transmission. One or more CPEs may be connected to one or more extension terminals. The optical signal then propagates from an extension terminal to a primary terminal along a metro fiber. At the primary terminal, the optical signal is multiplexed with other optical signals from other extension terminals. The multiplexed signals are then transmitted over LH or ULH network to a second primary terminal via core fiber. The optical signal may propagate along the core fiber with the help of a chain of amplifiers and optical add/drops. The second primary terminal then demuxes the optical signal from other optical signals and transmits the demuxed signal to the proper extension terminal. At the extension terminal, the demuxed optical signal is transformed from its LH format back into a format suitable for inter-connection to a CPE. Using this architecture, the signal under goes optical-to-electrical conversion only at the extension terminals. These extension terminals can be located in lessee's facility. The only equipment located in lessor's facility is the primary terminal containing line amplifiers and add/drop nodes. The transport system meets the networking requirements of intercity connections without the need for complex and costly metro transport gear. Also, the core extension terminals may be physically distributed across several metro network nodes.
The invention will be better understood from the following more detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A better understanding of the invention can be obtained from the following detailed description of one exemplary embodiment as considered in conjunction with the following drawings in which:
In the descriptions that follow, like parts are marked throughout the specification and drawings with the same numerals, respectively. The drawing figures are not necessarily drawn to scale and certain figures may be shown in exaggerated or generalized form in the interest of clarity and conciseness. Reference of an A-Z signal or direction means from the left side of the drawing to the right side of the drawing while Z-A means from the right side to the left side. The A-Z or Z-A designation is used for illustrative purposes only.
The prior art as it relates to optical transport networking between domains is shown in
Customer premise equipment (CPE) 190 a-h are considered to be outside metro domains 130 a, 130 b, 130 c, and 130 d. CPE 190 a-h is sometimes referred to as client equipment or end-user equipment. CPE 190 a-h are connected to metro domain 130 a-d via interoffice fiber, 151 c, 151 d, 151 e, 151 j-l, and 151 p-s.
Metro domains 130 a-d vary widely in extent interconnection, and in the types of systems that are deployed within them. Metro domain 130 a shows a plurality of ring-protected systems. Metro domain 130 a is composed of primary ring end terminal 135 a, extension ring end terminal 136 a, primary multi-node terminal 145, and extension multi-node terminals 146 a and 146 b. Optical signals are propagated to and from primary ring end terminal 135 a and extension ring end terminal 136 a on metro fibers 152 a and 152 b. Optical signals may propagate on either or both legs of the ring so that in the event fiber 152 a or fiber 152 b fails, a connection is continually maintained between primary ring end terminal 135 a and extension ring end terminal 136 a.
A more complex, multi-node protected ring is indicated by primary multi-node ring end terminal 145 and extension multi-node ring end terminals 146 a and 146 b, whereby, all three nodes are interconnected via metro fiber 152 c and 152 d. Metro fiber 152 c and 152 d may be a single fiber or a plurality of fibers. Methods for ring protection are well known in the art and will not be discussed further.
Metro domain 130 b is different from metro domain 130 a in that metro domain 130 b consist of primary end terminals 125 a-c and extension end terminals 126 a-c being connected by metro fiber 152 e-g in a linear fashion as opposed to a ring protected system as shown in metro domain 130 a. Metro domain 130 b provides a network consisting of a plurality of unprotected linear links where the optical signals are propagated along a single path of fiber in an unprotected way. For example, if metro fiber 152 e is cut or fails, then optical signals terminating at and originating from CPE 190 d will no longer be connected with core end terminal 110 c. By the interconnection of CPE 190 e to extension end terminals 126 b and 126 c and extension end terminals 126 b and 126 c being connected to core end-terminal 110 c via primary end terminal 125 b and 125 c an economical path protection can be realized at the client equipment layer. Path protection at the client equipment layer is realized because if one interconnection of CPE 190 e to either extension end terminal 126 b or 126 c fails, the other interconnection can still transmit signals to 110 c.
Metro domain 130 c indicates a combination of protected and unprotected links. Primary end terminal 125 d is connected to extension end terminal 126 d in a linear fashion via fiber 152 h. Primary end terminal 135 b is connected to extension end terminal 136 b in a ring-protected system via fibers 152 i and 152 j. Primary end terminal 125 e is connected to extension end terminal 126 e via metro fiber 152 k. Core end terminal 110 b is ultimately connected to CPE 190 h by the transiting link of primary end terminal 125 f and extension end terminal 126 f in domain 130 d via fiber 152 m and by the transiting link of primary end terminal 125 e and extension end terminal 126 e in domain 130 c via fiber 152 k. Secondary end terminal 126 e is connected to primary end terminal 125 f via multiple fiber 151 r. Such architecture may occur, for example, because the geographical distance between core end terminal 110 b and CPE 190 h is too large for one domain. More relevant to this invention, the situation may occur because different entities own and manage the two domains 130 c and 130 d and there is no way to connect domain 130 d to core end-terminal 110 b without some type of intermediate equipment and associated fiber.
Metro-systems may multiplex more than one optical signal onto a single fiber using methods that are well known in the art as such as code wave division multiplexing (CWDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), or dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) methods. Starting from core end-terminal 110 b in the core network 100, a plurality of tributary signals are interconnected and terminated on primary end terminal 125 e via multiple fiber 151 o. Primary end terminal 125 e muxes the plurality of tributary signals together and transmits the muxed signals to extension end terminal 126 e via metro fiber 152 k. Secondary end terminal 126 e demuxes the plural tributary signals and transmits them via multiple pairs of intra-office fibers 151 r to primary end terminal 125 f in domain 130 d. Primary end terminal 125 f muxes the plurality of tributary signals together and transmits the muxed signals to extension end terminal 126 h via metro fiber 152 m. Finally, extension end terminal 126 h demuxes the plural tributary signals and connects them, via multiple intra-office fibers 151 s to CPE 190 h where the signals terminate. If the signals originated at CPE 190 h the process would be reversed.
Core network 100 is sometimes referred to as a long haul network and may be composed of a plurality of linear DWDM systems or more complex ring structures employing SONET ADMs or a mix of each type. A linear DWDM system is shown in
Core amplifiers 115 a-d perform the function of compensating for loss of optical signal power as the optical signals propagate through core fiber 150 a, 150 x, and 150 z. The amplifiers are spaced typically 60 km to 120 km apart. The ellipsis in the drawing indicates that there could be any number amplifiers between 115 a and 115 b and between 115 c and 115 d. Also, there may be more than one OADM along core fiber 150 a, 150 x and 150 z. OADM 116 performs the function of extracting and inserting optical signals from core fiber 150 a, 150 x and 150 z, and placing or acquiring the signals on or from intra-office fiber 151 a, 151 b, 151 f-i, and 151 m-o.
LH transponders 160 a-c may be varied in their capability and composition. For example, they may employ internal modulation or external modulation using NRZ, RZ, or other formats as known by those skilled in the art. LH transponders 160 a-c have the primary function of converting short and intermediate reach intra-office signals typically generated by directly modulated lasers to long reach signals; long reach signals (LH format) being compatible with intercity propagation of hundreds or thousands of kilometers.
The SH transponders 170 a and 170 b and SH transceiver 180 may be of different varieties typically found in metro domain systems and known well to those skilled in the art. The distinguishing feature of SH transponder 170 a and 170 b and SH transceiver 180 from LH transponders 160 a-c is in the propagation distance limitation on the SH transponders 170 a and 170 b and SH transceiver 180. SH transponders 170 a and 170 b and SH transceiver 180 have a propagation distance limited to less than or about 80 km.
The term transponder applies to both the LH and SH applications wherein the input optical signal to the device is narrow band and occurs at a particular input wavelength or frequency and wherein the device converts the input signal to an output optical signal of a different wavelength or frequency and may be narrowband or broadband in nature. In general, a transponder will operate in full-duplex mode. The term transceiver applies to a device that converts input signals at a particular wavelength or frequency to an output signal at the same wavelength or frequency while maintaining similarity between the optical bandwidth and dispersive capacity of the input signal to the optical bandwidth and dispersive capacity of the output signal.
Both LH and SH devices perform the functions of regeneration or amplification and reshaping, and may or may not employ retiming. Further details of the LH or SH receiver technology and transmitter technology, that is the transponders and transceivers, are known in the art and will not be described further.
Continuing the description of
In the Z-A direction, optical signals from metro fiber 152 n propagate along intra-office fiber 151 y-1 to WDM demux 176. WDM demux 176 extracts the optical signals propagated along intra-office fiber 151 y-1, and transmitts the extracted signals to SH transponders 170 a and 170 b via interconnects 173 b and 173 c. SH transponders 170 a and 170 b electronically process and optically remodulate the extracted signals for transport over a SH network and transmit the remodulated signals to LH transponders 160 a and 160 b via intra-office fibers 151 w-1 and 151 w-2. LH transponders 160 a and 160 b convert the signals for into a format suitable for LH transporting and transmits the prepared signals to DWDM mux 166 via fiber interconnects 163 d and 163 e.
Optical signals from metro fiber 152 o propagate along intra-office fiber 151 y-2 to SH transceiver 180. SH transceiver 180 electronically processes and optically remodulates the extracted signals for transport over a SH network and transmits the remodulated signal to LH transponder 160 c via intra-office fiber 151 w-3 and tributary interface 155 c. LH transponder converts the signal into a format suitable for LH transporting and transmits the prepared signal to DWDM mux 166 via fiber interconnect 163 f.
DWDM mux 166 muxes the signals received from fiber interconnects 163 d-f and transmits the muxed signals to transmitting optical amplifier 156 via core end terminal fiber 161 b. Transmitting optical amplifier 156 amplifies the muxed signals and transmits the amplified signals to core fiber 150 via intra-office fiber 151 u-1.
The preferred and alternate embodiments of the invention are described with reference to
Extension terminals 220 a-f are connected to primary terminals 210 a and 210 c via metro fiber 252 b-d and 252 f-h. Metro fiber 252 a-k is the same type of fiber as metro fiber 152 a-m. Primary terminals 210 a and 210 c are connected to junctions 211 a and 211 b via metro fiber 252 a and 252 e. Extension terminal 220 g is connected to junction 211 c via metro fiber 252 i. Extension terminal 220 h is connected to junction 211 e via metro fiber 252 k. Junction 211 e is connected to junction 211 d via metro fiber 252 j. Junction 211 a is connected to core amplifier 215 a via core fiber 250 a. Amplifiers 215 a-d are the same type of amplifiers as 115 a-d. Core fiber 250 a, 250 x and 250 z is the same type of fiber as core fiber 150 a, 150 x and 150 z.
Junction 211 b is connected to OADM 216 via interoffice fiber 251 u. Junctions 211 c and 211 d are connected to primary terminal 210 b via intra-office fiber 251 m and 251 n. Also connected to primary terminal 210 b are CPE 290 j and 290 k through intra-office fiber 251 k and 251 l.
To accomplish the interconnection of metro networks 230 a, 230 b, 230 c, 230 d, core optical amplifiers 215 a-d are connected to OADM 216 via core fiber 250 a, 250 x and 250 z. The ellipses in the drawing indicate there can be any number of core amplifiers 215 a-d between junction 211 a and OADM 216 and between primary distributed terminal 210 b and OADM 216. Also, there may be more than one OADM 216 along core fiber 250 a, 250 x and 250 z. Either OADM 216 or core amplifiers 215 a-d are connected to a sub-system of primary terminals 210 a-c and extension terminals 220 a-h composed of terminal shelves. CPE 290 a-p may be interconnected directly to primary terminals 210 a-c or extension terminals 220 a-h to accomplish the transfer of optical signals from a particular CPE to a different CPE that may be in a geographically distinct location. OADM 216 can be fixed or not fixed as in broadcast and select architectures. In the preferred embodiment, OADM 216 includes a broadcast and select architecture as is known in the art. Core optical amplifiers 215 and OADM 216 may or may not contain components to perform optical dispersion compensation and other components to perform gain equalization, both of which may employ techniques known in the art.
There are many optical links that can be established in the inter-domain network 200. For example, the present invention allows for CPE 290 c to be interconnected to any one of the other CPE shown in
Another link example will illustrate further features of the current invention. Simultaneous multiple interconnections between metro networks 230 b and 230 c consisting of links between CPE 290 e to CPE 290 o, CPE 290 h to CPE 290 k, and CPE 290 i to CPE 290 p is described. In particular, CPEs 290 h and 290 i are connected to extension terminal 220 f via intra-office fiber 251 i and 251 j, respectively. Secondary terminal 220 f converts the originating signals from CPEs 290 h and 290 i to a LH format. Secondary terminal 220 f optically muxes the converted signals and transmits the muxed signals to primary terminal 210 c via metro fiber 252 h. Also, CPE 290 e is connected to primary terminal 210 c via intra-office fiber 251 f and transmits an SH signal to primary terminal 210 c.
At primary terminal 210 c, the optical signal originating from CPE 290 e is converted to a LH format and optically muxed with the other optical signals originating from extension terminal 220 f. The muxed optical signals from primary terminal 210 c propagate on metro fiber 252 e to junction 211 b. The signals propagate through junction 211 b to intra-office fiber 251 u and continues on to OADM 216. OADM 216 muxes the signals from intra-office fiber 251 u onto core fiber 250 x. The optical signals propagate on core fiber 250 x and 250 z towards primary terminal 210 b. Multiple core amplifiers 215 c and 215 d may be used to boost the signal. Additional OADMs 216 may also be present on core fiber 250 x and 250 z.
At primary terminal 210 b, the optical signals on core fiber 250 z are optically demuxed in such a way that optical signals destined for CPE 290 e and CPE 290 i are transmitted on intra-office fiber 251 n while optical signals destined for CPE 290 h are transmitted on intra-office fiber 251 l. The signal on intra-office fiber 251 l terminates at CPE 290 k and the signal from CPE 290 h has been successfully transmitted to CPE 290 k. CPE 290 k is considered local to core distributed terminal 210 b.
The signals originating from CPE 290 e and CPE 290 i on intra-office fiber 251 n propagate along intra-office fiber 251 n through junction 211 d and onto metro fiber 252 j inside metro network 230 c. The LH signals propagate along metro fiber 252 j through junction 211 e and onto metro fiber 252 k inside metro network 230 d. The optical signals propagate along metro fiber 252 k to extension terminal 220 h. At extension terminal 220 h, the optical signals are demuxed and converted from a LH format to a format suitable for interconnection to CPEs 290 o and 290 p. The converted signals are transmitted to CPEs 290 o and 290 p via intra-office fiber 251 r and 251 s, respectively, where the signals terminate. The signal from CPE 290 e has been successfully transmitted to CPE 290 and the signal from 290 i has been successfully transmitted to 290 p. In the Z-A direction of the full duplex signal can be described in a similar way so that originating signals from 290 k, 290 r, and 290 q destined for 290 h, 290 e, and 290 i respectively, are propagated in a similar manner to that just described.
The above explains how a signal may propagate through more than one metro network 230 without conversion from an LH format. In the preferred embodiment, the links between primary terminals 210 a-c and extension terminals 220 a-h may be more than 100 km and may include optical amplifiers with or without dispersion compensators and gain equalizers.
The invention allows for primary terminals 210 a-c to be placed outside or within a metro network 230 as required by the location of CPEs 290 a-p. Primary terminals 210 a and 210 c are inside respective metro networks 230 a and 230 b while primary terminal 210 b is outside metro networks 230 c and 230 d.
The invention also allows for remote interconnections between OADM 216 and primary terminals 210 a-c to be of distances greater than those found in most interoffice networks. The distance for the remote interconnection is similar in nature to the long distances between primary terminals 210 a-c and extension terminals 220 a-p and could be around 100 km. Interconnection between primary terminals 210 a-c, extension terminals 220 a-h and OADM 216 are accomplished with a single pair of fibers. This feature is further described in relation to
Fine demux 265 demuxes the M (12) muxed signals in such a way as to leave N (4) smaller groups of M/N (3) optical signals. The N (4) smaller groups are muxed onto 4 intra-office fiber interconnections 271 a-d. These smaller groups of approximately M/N (3) optical signals will be called “optical mux groups” or simply “mux groups” hereinafter. One mux group on intra-office fiber interconnection 271 a remains inside the primary terminal 210 for further processing while the other mux groups on intra-office fiber interconnections 271 b-d exit for distribution to distinct locations, such as CPE 290 v-x.
The mux group on fiber interconnection 271 a is transmitted from fine demux 265 to coarse demux 267. Coarse demux 267 demuxes the approximately M/N (3) optical signals into individual optical signals and transmits the individual signals to transponders 260 a-c via output fiber connections 263 a-c. Transponders 260 a-c convert the individual LH format signals into optical signals for transmission on intra-office optical fibers 251 x-1, 251 x-2, and 251 x-3. The transmitted optical signals are suitable for use by CPEs 290 s-u, and therefore the primary terminal 210 serves as the interface device for the local traffic (optical signals) intended for CPEs 290 s-u. As shown by the ellipsis, there may be a plurality of CPEs 290 connected to any one of the transponders 260 a-c.
For the delivery of remote traffic (optical signals) to remote CPE 290 v-x, fine demux 265 transmits the mux groups on intra-office fiber interconnections 271 b-d to metro fiber 252. The optical mux groups are transported from metro fiber 252 to extension terminals 220 i-k via geographically distinct fiber interconnections 271 e-i. Secondary terminals 220 i-k demux the optical mux groups into individual optical signals and transmit the individual signals to CPEs 290 v-x via intra-office fibers 251 z-1, z-3, and z-5. As shown by the ellipsis, there may be a plurality of CPEs connected to any one of the extension terminals 220 i-k.
The optical signals, being in full duplex, also flow in a direction opposite to that just described and in a similar way. Individual optical signals that originate from CPE 290 v-x are transmitted to extension terminals 220 i-k via intra-office optical fibers 251 z-2, z-4, z-6. Secondary terminals 220 i-j mux the optical signals into optical mux groups and transmit the mux groups to metro fiber 252 via fiber interconnections 271 f, 271 h, and 271 j. The optical mux groups propagating on metro fiber 252 are transmitted to fine mux 266 via fiber interconnections 271 f-h. The optical mux groups are muxed into one mux group by fine mux 266. Fine mux 266 transmits a signal containing the mux group to output amplifier 256 via fiber 261 b. Output amplifier 256 then amplifies the signal for transmission on intra-office fiber 251 w-1 to core fiber 250.
Similarly, optical signals originating from CPEs 290 s-u flow in the Z-A direction through transponders 260 a-c via intra-office fiber 151 y-1, 151 y-2 and 151 y-3. Transponders 260 a-c convert the individual optical signals to a LH format and send the converted signals to coarse mux 268 via output fiber connection 263 d-f. Coarse mux 268 muxes the converted signals together into an optical mux group and transmitts the optical mux group to fine mux 266 via fiber interconnection 271 e. The optical mux groups propagating on fiber interconnections 271 e-h are muxed into one mux group by fine mux 266. Fine mux 266 transmitts the signal containing the mux group to output amplifier 256 via fiber 261 b. Output amplifier 256 then amplifies the signal for transmission on intra-office fibers 251 w-1 to core fiber 250. The combination of primary terminal 210 and extension terminals. 220 i-k form a system of distributed terminals, which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Transponders 260 d-f convert the LH format optical signals on extension terminal output fiber connections 283 a-c into signals suitable for use by CPEs 290 aa-cc. Transponders 260 d-f are connected to CPE 290 aa-cc via intra-office fibers 251 aa-1, 251 aa-2 and 251 aa-3.
Terminal 220 serves as the interface device for the local traffic (optical signals) intended for CPE 290 aa-cc. Intra-office fibers 251 aa-1, 251 aa-2 and 251 aa-3 are usually physically co-located with terminal 220, but they may incorporate long reach capability including optical amplifiers to connect to an individual port on a remote CPE 290 via an intra-office fiber.
The full duplex optical signals also flow in the Z-A direction, from CPEs 290 aa-cc through intra-office fibers 251 bb-1, 251 bb-2 and 251 bb-3 to transponders 260 d-f. Transponders 260 d-f convert the signal formats used by CPEs 290 aa-cc to a LH format. The converted LH format signals are sent to extension coarse mux 288 via extension terminal output fiber connections 283 d-f. Secondary terminal coarse mux 288 combines the optical signals into an optical mux group and transmits the optical mux group to optical amplifier 286 via extension terminal interconnection 281 b. The mux group is amplified by terminal 220 transmitting optical amplifier 286 for propagation along fiber interconnection 271 m to metro fiber 252 and on to a primary terminal 210 (
The preferred embodiment of a type one extension terminal 220 is capable of transmitting and receiving signals from primary terminal 210 from distances on the order of but possibly even larger than 100 km For distances much larger than 100 km a stand-alone optical amplifier or chain of such devices can be inserted between the extension terminals and the primary terminal.
A type two extension terminal 225 is depicted in
In the A-Z direction, an optical mux group containing approximately M/N optical signals are propagated from metro fiber 252 (shown as a block) to type two extension terminal 225 via fiber interconnection 271 p. The optical mux group propagates to short extension coarse demux 297. Coarse demux 297 demuxes the approximately M/N (3) optical signals into individual optical signals and transmits the individual signals to transponders 260 g-i via terminal output fiber connections 293 a-c. Transponders 260 g-i are the same type of transponders 260 d-f as shown in
Transponders 260 g-i convert the LH format optical signals on output fiber connections 293 a-c into signals suitable for use by CPEs 290 pp-rr. Transponders 260 g-i are connected to CPEs 290 pp-rr via intra-office fibers 251 cc-1, 251 cc-2 and 251 cc-3.
Terminal 225 can also serve as the interface device for the local traffic (optical signals) intended for CPE 290 pp-rr. Intra-office fibers 251 cc-1, 251 cc-2 and 251 cc-3 are usually physically co-located with terminal 225, but they may incorporate long reach capability including optical amplifiers to connect to an individual port on a remote CPE 290 via intra-office fiber 251.
The full duplex optical signals also flow in the Z-A direction from CPE 290 pp-rr through intra-office fibers 251 dd-1, 251 dd-2 and 251 dd-3 to transponders 260 g-i. Transponders 260 g-i convert the optical signal formats from that used by CPEs 290 pp-rr to a LH format. The converted LH format signals are sent to terminal coarse mux 297 via terminal output fiber connections 293 d-f Coarse mux 298 combines the optical signals into an optical mux group for propagation along fiber interconnection 271 q to metro fiber 252 and on to primary terminal 210.
In both terminal 220 and terminal 225, coarse demux 287, terminal coarse demux 297, coarse mux 288, and coarse mux 298 may perform the function of attenuating the individual optical signals. In this way, the invention can launch or detect the appropriate optical powers without the need of gain equalization provided by optical amplifiers. Furthermore, the attenuation function in extension terminal coarse demux 287 and extension terminal coarse mux 288 alleviate the need for tightly controlled gain equalization in the extension terminal receiving optical amplifier 285 and transmitting optical amplifier 286 thereby lowering the cost.
The function of an optical interleaver is to combine a “comb” of optical wavelengths consisting of even and odd numbered wavelengths ordered by integers as a monotonically increasing sequence with wavelength or frequency of the optical carrier. The function of an optical de-interleaver is to separate a “comb” of optical wavelengths consisting of even and odd numbered wavelengths ordered as before. Specific interleaver or de-interleaver device implementations are known in the art and will not be described further. Interleavers known in the art and can be obtained from, for example, JDS Uniphase, model number IBC-LW1D00310.
In what follows, the muxing function will be described along with the demuxing function that utilizes the same basic architecture and connectivity. Demuxing is described in parentheses. In the A-Z direction, Z-A in parentheses, signals enter (leave) mux 500 through a set of 400 GHz filters 540 a-h, known in the art as optical thin film filters or layered dielectric optical filters and available from JDS Uniphase as model number DWS-2F3883P20.
Filters 540 a and 540 b mux (demux) the received N (10) optical signals together (apart) into (from) a “comb” of wavelengths separated by 400 GHz and connected to 400/200 GHz interleaver 530 a by fiber connections 535 a and 535 b. Because an interleaver for signals in the A-Z direction is also a deinterleaver for signals in the Z-A direction, the term interleaver will be used to describe both an interleaver and deinterleaver. Similarly, 400 GHz filter pairs 540 c and 540 d, 540 e and 540 f, and 540 g and 540 h mux (demux) together (apart) the received optical signals into (from) a “comb” of wavelengths separated by 400 GHz. The filter pairs 540 c and 540 d, 540 e and 540 f, and 540 g and 540 h are in communication with 400/200 GHz interleavers 530 b, 530 c and 530 d, respectively, via 400/200 GHz fiber connections 535 c-h, respectively. 400/200 GHz interleavers 530 a-d combine (separate) optical signals from (for) filters 540 a-h into (from) a single “comb” of wavelengths separated by 200 GHz. The combined (separated) output (input) is transmitted (received) to (from) 200/100 GHz interleaver 520 a via 200/100 GHz fiber connection 525 a and 525 b where they are combined (separated) into (from) a single “comb” of wavelengths 100 GHz apart. Similarly, output from 530 c and 530 d propagate via fiber connection 525 c and 525 d to (from) interleaver 520 b where they are combined (separated) into (from) a single “comb” of wavelengths 100 GHz apart Finally, the output (input) “combs” of interleavers 520 a and 520 b are transmitted to (from) 100/50 GHz interleaver 510 via 100/50 fiber connections 515 a and 515 b. 100/50 interleaver 510 combines (separates out) the single comb of wavelengths to form (from) composite optical connection 505 made up of a comb of wavelengths 50 GHz apart.
In reference to
The function of an optical band splitter/combiner is to split/combine a specified band of optical wavelengths consisting of tightly spaced optical wavelengths of typical separation 50 GHz or 25 GHz into or out of two coarse bands of such wavelengths. Specific band splitters or band combiner device implementation are well known in the art and not described further. Band filtering devices can be obtained from, for example, Oplink Corporation model number CR000001111.
In the A-Z direction, signals enter mux/demux 600 through a set of fine 50 GHz filters 640 a-h, known in the art. 50 GHz filters 640 a-h may also be 25 GHz filters also known in the art. Two examples of fine 50 GHz filters 640 are the arrayed waveguide filters and layered dielectric optical filters available as, for example, JDS Uniphase model numbers AWG-5NBUC003T and DWM-5F8DSX2, respectively.
Starting with fine 50 Hz filter 640 a and 640 b, the N(10) optical signals are muxed together into a band of wavelengths contained within about 500 GHz and transmitted to 500 GHz band combiner 630 a via 500 GHz fiber connections 635 a and 635 b. Similarly, fine 56 Hz filter pairs 640 c and 640 d, 640 e and 640 f and 640 g and 640 h mux N(10) optical signals together and transmit the muxed signals to 500 GHz band combiners 630 b, 630 c and 630 d respectively via 500 GHz fiber connections 635 c-h respectively. 500 GHz band combiner 630 a combines the optical signals from filters 640 a and 640 b into a single broader band of wavelengths contained within about 1000 GHz. Similarly, 500 GHz band combiners 630 b-d combine received optical signals into a single broader band of wavelengths.
The single broader band of wavelengths from extension band combiners 630 a and 630 b are transmitted to 1000 GHz band combiner 620 a via 1000 GHz fiber connections 625 a and 625 b. 1000 GHz band combiner 620 a combines the signals from 500 GHz band combiners 630 a and 630 b into a single band of wavelengths contained within about 2000 GHz. Similarly, 1000 GHz band combiner 620 b combines the wavelengths transmitted from 500 GHz band combiners 630 c and 630 d via 1000 GHz fiber connection. 625 c and 625 d into a single band of wavelengths. Each 1000 GHz band combiner 620 a and 620 b transmits the single band of wavelengths to 2000 GHz combiner 610 via 2000 GHz fiber connections 615 a and 615 b. 2000 GHz combiner 610 combines the received single band of wavelengths into a composite signal band contained within about 4000 GHz. The composite signal band is transmitted on output/input connection 605.
In the Z-A direction, 2000 GHz combiner 610 receives a composite signal band contained within about 4000 GHz on output/input connection 605. Because a combiner for signals in the A-Z direction can also be a splitter for signals in the Z-A direction, the term combiner will be used to describe both a combiner and a splitter. 2000 GHz combiner 610 splits the composite signal into two single band of wavelengths contained within about 2000 GHz. The bands of wavelengths within 2000 GHz are transmitted to 1000 GHz band combiners 620 a and 620 b via 2000 GHz fiber connections 615 a and 615 b. 1000 GHz combiners 620 a and 620 b each separate the single band of wavelengths within 2000 GHz into two single band of wavelengths within about 1000 GHz. The single band of wavelengths within 1000 GHz is transmitted from 1000 GHz combiners 620 a and 620 b to 500 GHz band combiners 630 a-d via 1000 GHz fiber connections 625 a-d. 500 GHz band combiners 630 a-d each split the single band of wavelengths contained within about 1000 GHz into a single band of wavelengths contained within about 500 GHz. The single band of wavelengths contained within 500 GHz is transmitted from 500 GHz band combiners 630 a-d to fine 50 Hz filters 640 a-h via 500 GHz fiber connections 635 a-h. Fine 50 Hz filters 640 a-d demux the single band of wavelengths within 500 GHz into N(10) bands of wavelengths wherein the N(10) wavelengths are transmitted out of mux/demux 600.
The fine filter function performed by 50 Hz filters 640 a-h and the coarse filtering functions performed by the combination of 2000 Ghz combiner 610, 1000 GHz combiners 620 a and 620 b, and 500 GHz band combiners 630 a-d can be separated. The coarse and fine filtering functions are reversed in the hierarchy of the interleaver based mux 500. Also, output/input connection 605, 2000 GHz fiber connection 615 a and 615 b, 1000 GHz fiber connection 625 a-h, and 500 GHz fiber connection 635 a-h may function as simple fiber jumpers, optical amplifiers, optical attenuators, or some combination thereof to achieve required fiber distances between the various stages of primary terminal 210.
A second alternative embodiment of the multiplexing and demultiplexing function of the present invention is indicated in
In the Z-A direction, first optical splitter 710 receives a composite signal band contained within about 4000 GHz on tunable input connection 705. The embodiment shown is one way of constructing a “tree” whereby a single band of wavelengths transmitted on tunable input connection 705 is demuxed so as separate out groups of wavelengths. The exact nature and combining ratio is not essential. First optical splitter 710 splits the composite signal on tunable input connection 705 into two single bands of wavelengths contained within about 2000 GHz. The bands of wavelengths within 2000 GHz are transmitted to second optical splitters 720 a and 720 b via first splitter fiber connections 715 a and 715 b. Second optical splitters 720 a and 720 b each separate the single bands of wavelengths within 2000 GHz into two single band of wavelengths within about 1000 GHz. The single bands of wavelengths within 1000 GHz are transmitted from second optical splitters 720 a and 720 b to third optical splitters 730 a-h via second splitter fiber connection 725 a-h. Third optical splitters 730 a-h each split the single band of wavelengths contained within about 1000 GHz into a single band of wavelengths contained within about 500 GHz. The single band of wavelengths contained within 500 GHz is transmitted from third optical splitters 730 a-h to tunable filters 740 a-x via tunable filter fiber connections 731.
While the order could be greater, in the preferred embodiment, tunable filters 740 a-x operate as narrow spectral width bandpass filters with a passband in the order of two and one-half to three times the bandwidth of the carrier frequency; for example, 30 GHz or more for a 10 GHz optical signal. Tunable filters 740 a-x are tuned to pass any one of the signals appearing at the outputs of third optical splitters 730 a-h. Optical splitters are known in the art, an example being JDS Uniphase model number NEM-221003119. Tunable optical filters are also known in the art, examples being JDS Uniphase model number VCF050 or NORTEL model number MT-15-025. Tunable input connection 705, first splitter fiber connections 715 a and 715 b, and second splitter fiber connection 725 a-h may function as simple fiber jumpers or optical amplifiers or optical attenuators or some combination thereof to achieve required fiber distances between the various stages of a distributed terminal.
With reference to
In the Z-A direction, tunable lasers 780 a-x receives a composite signal. The exact nature and combing ratio is not essential, the embodiment shown is one way of constructing a “tree” whereby one or more optical signals generated by one or more different tunable lasers are wavelength muxed so as to appear at output fiber connection 706 as a single band of wavelengths.
Tunable lasers 780 receive a band of wavelengths. The wavelengths are tuned and transmitted to third optical combiner 770 a-h via tunable laser fiber connection 775. Third optical combiner 770 a-h muxes the received signal from tunable lasers 780 a-x into a single band of wavelengths within 500 GHz. The single band of wavelengths within 500 GHz is transmitted to extension optical combiner 760 a and 760 b via second optical fiber connections 726 a-h. Second optical combiners 760 a and 760 b mux the received single band of wavelengths within 500 GHz into a single band of wavelengths contained within about 1000 GHz. The single band of wavelengths contained within about 1000 GHz is transmitted to first optical combiner 711 via first fiber connections 716 a and 716 b. Primary optical combiner 711 muxes the received single band of wavelengths within 1000 GHz into a single band of wavelengths within about 2000 GHz. The single band of wavelengths within about 2000 GHz is transmitted over output fiber connection 706.
Output fiber connections 706, first fiber connections 716 a and 716 b, second fiber connections 726 a-h, and tunable laser fiber connection 775 may function as simple fiber jumpers or optical amplifiers or optical attenuators or some combination thereof to achieve required fiber distances between the various stages of a distributed terminal.
Valid and useful multiplexer and demultiplexer designs can be constructed with combinations of parts shown in
Dual slave shelves 925 a, b and c contain the same equipment as described in
Although the invention has been described with reference to one or more preferred embodiments, this description is not to be construed in a limiting sense. There is modification of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments of this invention, which will be apparent to persons of ordinary skill in the art, and the invention shall be viewed as limited only by reference to the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification||398/66, 398/82|
|International Classification||H04J14/02, H04B10/24|
|Cooperative Classification||H04J14/0232, H04J14/0246, H04J2014/0253, H04J14/025, H04J14/0286, H04J14/02, H04J14/028, H04B10/2503, H04J14/0226, H04J14/0283, H04J14/0282|
|European Classification||H04J14/02N4, H04J14/02N3, H04B10/2503, H04J14/02F, H04J14/02N6, H04J14/02|
|Dec 20, 2010||AS||Assignment|
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Owner name: XYLON LLC, NEVADA
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:PIVOTAL DECISIONS LLC;REEL/FRAME:036718/0302
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