|Publication number||US8120240 B2|
|Application number||US 12/419,896|
|Publication date||Feb 21, 2012|
|Filing date||Apr 7, 2009|
|Priority date||Jan 10, 2005|
|Also published as||CN100539215C, CN101099245A, CN101635294A, CN101635294B, EP1842218A2, EP1842218A4, US7564180, US8513873, US20060152140, US20090195137, US20120032208, WO2006076066A2, WO2006076066A3|
|Publication number||12419896, 419896, US 8120240 B2, US 8120240B2, US-B2-8120240, US8120240 B2, US8120240B2|
|Inventors||George R. Brandes|
|Original Assignee||Cree, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (226), Non-Patent Citations (45), Referenced by (2), Classifications (24), Legal Events (1)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/032,363 filed on Jan. 10, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,564,180 of which benefit of such filing is claimed under 35 U.S.C. 120. The disclosure of the foregoing application is hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth fully herein.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to light emission devices incorporating multiple solid state emitters (e.g., light emitting diodes (LEDs)) and/or multiple phosphors as emissive components.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the illumination art, a variety of approaches have been employed to produce light of desired spectral character.
LEDs have come into widespread usage as a result of their advantages, which include small size, long life, low energy consumption, and low heat generation.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,513,949 issued Feb. 4, 2003 describes a hybrid lighting system for producing white light, including at least one LED and a phosphor-LED, in which the color and number of the LEDs and/or the phosphor of the phosphor-LED may be varied.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,600,175 issued Jul. 29, 2004 describes a light emitting assembly including an LED emitting a first, relatively shorter wavelength radiation, and a down-converting luminophoric medium, e.g., phosphoric medium, that in exposure to such first radiation, responsively emits a second, relatively longer wavelength radiation.
White LED devices have been commercialized that utilize a blue LED and a YAG phosphor (Y3Al5O12 doped with cerium) that partially absorbs blue radiation (centered on 470-480 nm) from the blue LED and emits light having a broad wavelength range with a dominant yellow characteristic (centered on ˜550-600 nm).
The commercially available LED/phosphor devices for production of white light do not provide high conversion efficiency color rendering in various spectral regimes of interest. For example, in many applications, consumers prefer white light having color (as quantifiable by color temperature and color rendering index values) that matches sunlight, conventional incandescent bulb light, or fire light such as candle light.
There is accordingly a continuing need in the art for efficient LED/phosphor illumination systems producing light having a color rendering that closely matches a predetermined spectral distribution.
The present invention relates to light emission devices incorporating light emitting diode (LED) and phosphor components.
In one aspect, the invention relates to a light emission device including at least four electrically activated solid state emitters each having different spectral outputs in the visible range, and adapted to emit an aggregated spectral output having at least four different color peaks in the visible range, wherein the at least four solid state emitters are arranged in an array with each solid state emitter being positioned on a single reflector cup or other support structure, and wherein at least two solid state emitters of the at least four solid state emitters differ substantially in size.
In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of generating light, the method including supplying current to at least four electrically activated solid state emitters each having different spectral outputs in the visible range, and adapted to emit an aggregated spectral output having at least four different color peaks in the visible range, wherein the at least four solid state emitters are arranged in an array with each solid state emitter being positioned on a single reflector cup or other support structure, and wherein at least two solid state emitters of the at least four solid state emitters differ substantially in size.
An additional aspect relates to a light emission device including: at least two LED dies having differing spectral output from one another; and phosphor material including one or more phosphors, arranged to receive spectral output from at least one of the LED dies and to responsively emit a phosphor output as at least part of spectral output of the light emission device.
An additional aspect relates to a method of generating light, including exciting at least two LED dies having differing spectral output from one another, to emit spectral outputs from each of such dies, and impinging the spectral output from at least one of such dies on phosphor material including one or more phosphors, to responsively emit a phosphor output as at least part of spectral output constituting such light.
Other aspects, features and embodiments of the invention will be more fully apparent from the ensuing description and claims.
The present invention relates to light emission devices incorporating light emitting diode (LED) and phosphor components.
Light emission devices of the invention enable excellent color rendering to be achieved by the provision of at least two LED dies having differing spectral character from one another, and a phosphor material including one or more phosphors. The phosphor material is arranged to receive energy from at least one of the multiple LED dies and to responsively emit a phosphor output, as at least part of spectral output of the light emission device. The light emission device has a spectral output that differs from the spectral character of each of the LED dies, and that differs from the phosphor output.
By integrating the emissions of the multiple LED dies and the phosphor material containing at least one phosphor component, the light emission device of the invention may be constituted to achieve a superior color rendering that matches predetermined spectral distributions of light, e.g., sunlight, candle light (or other fire), or light produced by incandescent bulbs.
By way of specific example, the light emission device of the invention may be fabricated to provide a white light output having a color temperature in one of the following white light color temperature regimes (A), (B) and (C):
(A) white light having a color temperature in a range of from 1350° K to 1550° K;
(B) white light having a color temperature in a range of from 2400° K to 3550° K;
(C) white light having a color temperature in a range of from 4950° K to 6050° K.
As further specific examples, the color temperature of candles is ˜1500° K, the color temperature of incandescent bulbs is ˜2680-3000° K, the color temperature of sunrise and sunset is ˜3200° K, and the color temperature of a sunny day at noon is ˜5500° K. By appropriate selection of LED die components and phosphor species, a close approach to the color temperature of interest can be achieved in the light output of the light emission device.
In various specific embodiments of the invention, such as those illustratively mentioned above, the spectral output of the light emission device can be white light. In other embodiments, the spectral output of the light emission device can be light having a specific color other than white light. In still further embodiments, the spectral output of the light emission device may include output that is outside the visible light spectrum.
The invention achieves superior color rendering at good conversion efficiency, and provides degrees of freedom in light emission device design that permit optimal spectral outputs to be achieved, e.g., of a specific spectral profile, or of a spectral character that is resistant to color change over the service life of the device. In the latter respect, it is known that phosphors and LEDs tend to age, leading to color changes over time. The light emission device of the invention, by virtue of its multiple LED die components and one or more phosphor components, may be fabricated and arranged to compensate for aging of LEDs and/or phosphors.
It is contemplated by the invention to utilize a predetermined combination of LED(s) and phosphor(s) that are matched to one another in their aging profiles so that there is a consistent aging of the overall device during its service life, so that the color of the output light is maintained over the entire service life, albeit possibly changing in intensity as the device ages. In this respect, it is pointed out that the lifetimes of LEDs are typically measured in the tens of thousands of hours, and that the change in output over such period of time may be relatively small as regards the LEDs of the device.
More generally, the invention contemplates the combination of LEDs and phosphors that are selectively matched in the device including same, to achieve a predetermined character of output emission.
It also is contemplated by the invention, in another embodiment thereof, to use a combination of LEDs and phosphors that are matched in the light emission device, to provide a change of color at a predetermined point in the service life of the device. For such purpose, the change of color may be relatively rapid in transition, e.g., to prompt an action on the part of a user or a service technician, such as change-out of the illumination device, or change-out of a battery or other power supply means for such device, or other maintenance or service or other action that is desirably carried out after a period of operation and that is indicatable by a prompting color change.
Although the invention is discussed primarily herein in reference to the generation of a visible illumination output, i.e., in a visible illumination spectrum, the invention nonetheless also is broadly applicable to the generation of emission outputs in non-visible spectral regions, e.g., in an IR spectrum, UV spectrum or other non-visible spectrum.
The light emission device of the invention differs from prior LED-phosphor devices, in the provision of multiple differing LED dies, each associated with the phosphor material in the device.
The phosphor material can contain one or more than one phosphor species, as desired in a specific end use application of the invention.
The phosphor material is stimulated by radiation from LED die element(s) of the light emission device, so as to produce a phosphor output of particular spectral character. The spectral output of the overall device therefore will be a composite radiation that will be “smoothed” or otherwise blended, in relation to a corresponding device with only a single LED die. Individual phosphor species can be selected to absorb all or substantially all of the radiation emitted by a given LED die, or alternatively to absorb only a portion of the incident radiation thereon derived from the LED die while allowing the remainder of the emission from the LED die to transmit unabsorbed from the light emission device.
In one embodiment, the light emission device is provided as a unitary article including the multiple LED dies and phosphor(s) in a protective package, in which the multiple dies are arranged in an array overlaid by the phosphor material. The multiple LED dies can for example be positioned on one or more reflector cups or other support structure, with the phosphor material overlying the dies being provided as a layer of the phosphor material. The phosphor material when including multiple phosphor species can be constituted as a uniform, e.g., substantially homogeneous, mixture of the respective phosphors.
It is contemplated by the invention to shape the phosphor(s) in an overlying coating or mass on the LED(s) so as to match the thickness of the phosphor to the primary emission of the LED(s), so that the primary emission radiation traverses a generally same thickness of the phosphor coating or mass, over the entire periphery or output surfaces of the LED(s), to thereby provide better uniformity of spectral output from the illumination device. The invention also contemplates the shaping of the LED die to provide a directionally enhanced emission of primary radiation, or a more uniform emission of primary radiation than is otherwise achievable in the absence of such LED die shaping. In various embodiments of the invention, therefore, it may be desirable to conformally coat phosphor material(s) on the LED die(s) to achieve a predetermined advantageous character of the light emission device.
The phosphor material may be applied over the multiple dies in any suitable manner, e.g., in a curable liquid formulation that is potted, dip-coated, brushed, rolled, sprayed or otherwise applied over the multiple dies, e.g., to form a layer of the phosphor material in which the phosphor component(s) are homogeneously dispersed in the layer.
It may be desirable in specific applications to place the LED dies in respective individual reflector cups and to mount the cups in a single “bulb” or package. Alternatively, it may be desirable to dispose all LED dies inside a single reflector package. Multiple phosphors may be spread over multiple LED dies or a select phosphor may be spread over a specific LED die. Individual LED die/phosphor packaging may be employed, with each LED die being arranged to impinge emitted energy on a phosphor to produce an integrated output light from the device.
To control the amount of light emitted by the LED dies, current can be sourced individually to each of the dies, if the associated cost and complexity of wiring and power supply arrangements is suitable for the intended end use application. Alternatively, light output of the light emission device can be controlled by variation in die fabrication, die number, die shape, die size (area), contact quality, overall structure resistance, or the like, or other aspects of the LED design.
The phosphor material can be of any suitable type, including for example, YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) phosphor, CaGa2S4:Eu2+ phosphor, ZnGa2S4:Mn2+ phosphor, SrSCu+,Na phosphor, CaSO4:Bi phosphor or any other suitable type of phosphor material.
The phosphor material may include components other than the phosphor(s) per se, such as a carrier medium in which the phosphor(s) are dispersed. In one embodiment, the carrier medium includes a glass or a polymeric composition that is suitably transmissive of emitted energy, e.g., from the LED die and/or phosphor components, to provide the desired character of light output from the light emission device. Polymeric compositions useful for such purpose may be of any appropriate type, including, without limitation, compositions containing polyolefin, polyimide, polysulfone, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polycarbonate, or corresponding copolymers.
The phosphor(s) may be dispersed in the carrier medium in a particulate or other discontinuous form, in an amount ensuring a desired character and extent of conversion of LED die-emitted energy to light output from the phosphor(s) in the carrier medium.
The provision of multiple differing LED dies in a unitary packaging with the phosphor material affords a compact and efficient structure capable of producing a high intensity light output of a desired spectral character. By appropriate selection of the different LED dies and phosphor(s) for the light emission device, the radiative emissions of the respective dies and phosphor(s) can be integrated in a manner achieving close matches to predetermined illumination spectra, such as a spectrum of sunlight, candle light or light emitted by a conventional incandescent filament light bulb.
The selection of LED dies and phosphor(s) thus can be made in a manner that results in small energy differences between the LED dies, as illuminating sources, and phosphor(s) emissively responding to impingement of energy from such dies, so that highly efficient light production is achieved.
The invention will now be described in relation to the drawings, in which
The light emitting device 10 includes a reflector cup 12 or similar support structure, on which is mounted an LED die 14 of a first color and an LED die 16 of a second color. In a specific arrangement of such multi-die array, the first LED die 14 is a blue LED die and the second LED die 16 is a green LED die.
The multi-die array is covered with a phosphor material 18, which in a specific embodiment may include a mixture of two phosphors dispersed in a polymeric matrix such as polycarbonate. The phosphors in the phosphor material 18 are appropriately selected to be excited by radiation emitted from the multi-die array and to responsively emit output radiation, so that the integrated output of the light emission device, deriving from the multi-die array and phosphor material, is of a desired spectral character.
The features and advantages of the invention are more fully shown by the following non-limiting examples, as illustrative of specific aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
To encompass the desired spectral range, two LEDs, an X-Brite deep blue (having a spectral output centered at 460 nm and extending between ˜440 nm and ˜480 nm) LED and an X-Brite green (having a spectral output centered at 527 nm and extending between ˜500 nm and ˜560 nm) LED, both commercially available from Kingbright Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan, are utilized to fabricate a light emission device of the type shown in
To encompass the desired spectral range, two LEDs, an X-Brite deep blue (460 nm) LED and an X-Brite red (670 nm) LED, both commercially available from Kingbright Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan, are utilized to fabricate a light emission device of the type shown in
To encompass the desired spectral range approaching a solar spectrum, two LEDs, a MegaBrite ultraviolet (having output centered at 395 nm) LED, commercially available from Cree, Inc., Durham, N.C., USA, and an X-Brite signal green (having output centered at 505 nm) LED, commercially available from Kingbright Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan, are employed to fabricate a light emission device of the general type shown in
While the invention has been described herein with reference to specific aspects, features and embodiments, it will be recognized that the invention is not thus limited, but rather extends to and encompasses other variations, modifications and alternative embodiments. Accordingly, the invention is intended to be broadly interpreted and construed to encompass all such other variations, modifications, and alternative embodiments, as being within the scope and spirit of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
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|U.S. Classification||313/501, 313/498, 362/800|
|International Classification||F21K99/00, H01L33/08|
|Cooperative Classification||H01L2924/0002, Y10S362/80, C09K11/586, H01L25/0753, F21K9/00, C09K11/623, C09K11/7421, C09K11/7702, C09K11/7734, C09K11/7721, Y02B20/181, F21Y2113/007|
|European Classification||C09K11/62B2, C09K11/77M6, C09K11/77B2, C09K11/58B3, C09K11/74B3, H01L25/075N, C09K11/77N6|