|Publication number||US7743125 B1|
|Application number||US 09/708,492|
|Publication date||Jun 22, 2010|
|Filing date||Nov 9, 2000|
|Priority date||Nov 9, 2000|
|Publication number||09708492, 708492, US 7743125 B1, US 7743125B1, US-B1-7743125, US7743125 B1, US7743125B1|
|Inventors||Pui Lun Lau|
|Original Assignee||General Electric Company|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (28), Classifications (6), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The invention relates to networked intelligent electronic devices and more particularly, to a multiple communications port unit for coupling plural intelligent electronic devices to computers over a network connection.
Protective relays are commonly used to protect electrical power distribution systems. A simple protective relay can be an electro-mechanical contact relay having an energizing circuit coupled to the load on an electric power distribution line. When the load on a portion of the system exceeds certain parameters, i.e., a fault is present, the relay is energized to operate a circuit breaker or the like coupled to the power distribution line to thereby isolate a portion of the electrical distribution system having the fault. The contacts of the relay can perform various functions such as tripping a circuit breaker, generating an alarm or providing a signal to another protective relay. For the most part, such simple relays only provide the contact operation as an output. They do not provide any other indication of the conditions which produced activity in the output contacts.
For instance, the principal of operation of a distance measuring relay is that the distance of a fault can be determined by a comparison of the complex impedance of the line derived from the current and voltage at the relay to a reach characteristic. If this comparison indicates that there is a fault within the protection zone of the relay, a trip contact is actuated. Accordingly, “intelligent relays” have been developed having microprocessors capable of evaluating complex impedance or other variables to protect the electrical distribution system by isolating faults and to transmit diagnostic data and the like to computers or other devices for evaluation and display purposes. Typically, substations in an electric power distribution system have many protective relays. The intelligent relays can be programmed to perform various protection functions. For instance, digital distance relays and overcurrent relays are in use. These relays are capable of providing a great deal of information. For instance, data indicating the location of the fault, and the current and voltage at the fault are available from intelligent distance relays. Similarly, current information is available from an intelligent overcurrent relay. This information is often transmitted to a remote computer for control and report generation. Conventionally, this is accomplished over an RS-232 channel or other serial communications channel for each relay. In addition to relays, other intelligent electronic devices, i.e. control devices having microprocessors capable of executing commands and/or collecting data, have been developed.
Accordingly, multiple serial port units are utilized to couple multitudes of intelligent electronic devices to remote a computer. Such units include multiple serial ports, 8 for example, and a single Ethernet port for coupling the serial ports to a network communications link. The Ethernet port is coupled to a computer using standard cables and protocols, e.g. a twisted pair. The serial ports are each connected to an intelligent electronic device. The multiple serial port unit uses known hardware and software to map the serial ports over the Ethernet connection to appear as local serial ports to the computer. Accordingly plural intelligent protective relays can be coupled to a computer over a great distance by an Ethernet connection.
However, intelligent electronic devices and associated computer systems are applied under hazardous conditions. Particularly, electrical distribution systems are inherently in environments that include temperature changes, high EMF, and other environmental hazards. Accordingly, computers, network connections, and other components often fail intermittently or permanently in electrical distribution systems. If a computer or network connection over which an intelligent protective relay is communicating fails, the operator may not have control of devices such as circuit breakers, disconnect switches, and the like. Also, the operator might not know the status of their devices and may lose centralized control of an entire substation. Accordingly, the protective relay may not function properly and equipment damage or injury of personnel may result. Accordingly, there is a need for failure tolerance in a control system for protective relays in an electric power distribution system.
It is known to provide network failure tolerance using redundant computers i.e., servers, and to switch over to a backup computer when a primary computer fails. Also, it is known to send separate packets of data over different paths in an Ethernet connection. However, these systems and methods are not truly redundant because they rely on the computers for fault detection and a single Ethernet connection for communications.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a multiple port unit adapted for coupling two or more networked computers to multiple peripheral devices through one or more network connections, wherein the multiple port unit monitors the status of the network connections and the coupled computers and maintains communication with at least one of the computers via a selected link.
More specifically, the present invention relates to a multiple port unit having at least one redundant power supply module, multiple peripheral communication ports for communicating with peripheral devices, at least two network ports for connection with one or more network hubs, through which remote control computers are networked, and a control unit configured to monitor communication links through the network ports and select a desired link for communication with the remote control computers to thereby coupling the peripheral devices to the remote control computers.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for coupling a plurality of peripheral devices to a plurality of remote control computers via a plurality of network connections. The method includes the process of monitoring the status of each of the remote control computers and of each of the network connections, and selectively switching one network connection to another at a pre-selected interval or as a result of the monitored status of the remote control computers or network connections.
The present invention provides significant advantages over prior art devices and methods. For example, the present invention has a redundancy coupling between the peripheral devices and the remote control computers. The present invention also includes periodic testing of communication links to detect malfunction and repair.
Additional advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, wherein only the preferred embodiment of the invention is shown and described, simply by way of illustration of the best mode contemplated for carrying out the present invention. As will be realized, the present invention is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modification in various obvious aspects, all without departing from the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.
Reference is made to the attached drawings, wherein elements having the same reference numeral designations represent like element throughout, and wherein:
The present invention addresses and solves problems related to the coupling of intelligent electronic devices to one or more remote control computers. More particularly, the present invention relates to a multiple serial port unit which provide a plurality of serial ports connected to the intelligent electronic devices, and which maps the serial ports as communication ports of the remote control computers though redundant communication links.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is schematically illustrated in
Processor 16 includes a central processing unit (CPU) and memory. The memory can be of any type including flash memory and EPROM. Processor 16 of the preferred embodiment is a digital device. However, processor 16 can be analog or any arrangement for accomplishing the interrogation routine and other functions described below. Processor 16 can be programmed using known programming languages and methods to accomplish the desired functions.
Network module 22 includes interface circuitry and two network communications ports 26 1 and 26 2, which are Ethernet ports in the preferred embodiment. Network communications ports 26 1 and 26 2 can include UTP connectors for 10 base-T or 100 base-T Ethernet communications over a twisted pair or can include an ST connector for fiber optic Ethernet communications over optical fibers. Of course, network module 22 can include buffer memory, isolating circuits, signal conditioning circuits, and any other known hardware or software to accomplish the disclosed functions. Network module 22, communications module 18, and processor 16 are communicatively coupled via data bus 24 which can be of any appropriate type, such as an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA), VESA Local Bus (VLB) Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, AU Port or S Bus.
Three multiple port units 10 1, 10 2, and 10 3, are similar to multiple port unit 10 described above and are coupled to each hub over a separate Ethernet connection. In particular, multiple port unit 10 1 is coupled to hub 76 by Ethernet port 22 1 and link L1 1, which can be a twisted pair cable, optical fiber, or the like. Alternatively multiple port unit 10 1 can be coupled to computer 74 via hub 78 by Ethernet port 22, link L1 1, hub 76, connection C, and hub 78. Similarly, multiple port unit 10 1 is coupled to computer 74 via hub 78 by Ethernet port 22 2 and link L2 1, which can be a twisted pair cable, optical fiber, or the like. Multiple port units 10 2, and 10 3 are coupled to hubs 76 and 78 in a similar manner. Corresponding links are labeled with like reference numerals distinguished by the subscript (“1” for multiple port unit 10 1, “2” for multiple port unit 10 2, and “3” for multiple port unit 10 3). Intelligent electronic devices 100 (only some of which are labeled in
Links L1 1 and L2 1 are separate Ethernet connections running a separate carrier and separate data packets. Accordingly, the phrase communication link or the word link, as used herein, refers to a communications connection having a carrier and data packets.
Each of communication ports 20 1-20 16 of each multiple port units 10 1, 10 2 and 10 3 corresponds to a serial communication channel in the preferred embodiment and can be mapped as a COMM port on computers 72 and 74 via TCP/IP over the Ethernet links L1 and L2. Accordingly, each intelligent electronic device can be controlled by, or exchange data with, each of computers 72 and 74. At any given time, the COMM ports can be used by only one of computers 72 and 74. Accordingly, one of computers 72 and 74 is initially configured as the active computer and thereafter an active computer is selected based on interrogation by multiple port units 10 1, 10 2, and 10 3 in the manner described below. In the preferred embodiment, we will assume that computer 72 is set to be the initial active computer. The control program on the active computer can open local COMM ports, which are mapped into the serial communication channels of multiple port units 10 1, 10 2 and 10 3. Accordingly, the active computer can communicate with the intelligent electronic devices as if they were available locally.
Each of multiple port units 10 1, 10 2, and 10 3 periodically interrogates computers 72 and 74 to ascertain their operating status and to switch the active computer if necessary. Also, multiple port units 10 1, 10 2, and 10 3 periodically switch between links L1 and L2 to test the integrity of both links. If either of links L1 and L2 fails, multiple port unit 10 will send an alarm to computer 72 and/or 74. Therefore, the possibility of switching to a defective link is minimized.
In step D, processor 16 determines if it is time to interrogate or “PING” (Packet Internet Groper) computers 72 and 74, i.e. PC1 and PC2, respectively, based on a predetermined interrogation period. For example, processor 16 of the multiple port unit 10 can be programmed to interrogate computers 72 and 74 every 3 seconds. If it is time to interrogate computers 72 and 74, the routine proceeds to step E where processor 16 causes a packet to be sent to the IP address corresponding to each of computers 72 and 74 over link L1. If a reply is received, the corresponding computer 72 or 74 is deemed to be “OK”, i.e. operating properly. If no reply is received from one of computers 72 or 74, that computer is deemed to be “bad”, i.e. not operating properly.
More specifically, in the routine for checking the status of computers PC1 and PC2 in step E, multiple port unit 10 asks for the number of seconds since midnight from PC1 and PC2. This value should change each time multiple port unit 10 interrogates PC1 and PC2 for this information. When checking for the status of PC1, if the value obtained from PC1 is greater than a previous value, then multiple port unit 10 will set PC1Status to 1, as shown in step G4 or G6, indicating that PC1 is on line. If the multiple port unit 10 cannot get a value from PC1, then the multiple port unit 10 will set the value of PC1Status to 2 indicating that PC1 cannot be reached.
Similarly, if the value obtained by multiple ports unit 10 from PC2 is greater than a previous value, multiple port unit 10 will set the PC2Status to 1, as shown in step G4 or G8, indicating PC2 is on line. If multiple port unit 10 cannot get a value from PC2, then multiple port unit 10 will set PC2Status to 2 in step G6 indicating that PC2 cannot be reached.
If neither PC1 nor PC2 can be reached, as determined in step F2, multiple port unit 10 will set Link1Status variable to 2 in step B4 indicating that link L1 is bad. Multiple port unit 10 then will switch to link L2 in step L.
The determination in steps F2, H, and G is based on the results of the interrogation step E. If at least one computer can be reached, then link L1 is working properly. If link L1 is working properly, multiple port unit 10 will continue to use link L1, and the routine loops back from step G4, G6, or G8 to step B2 until step K determines it is time to test link L2.
If step K determines that it is time to test link L2, i.e. a preset time for switching links has elapsed, multiple port unit 10 first checks to see if Link2Status variable has been set to 2.
If Link2Status has been set to 2, it indicates that link L2 is bad and switching over to link L2 is not permitted. If Link2Status has been set to 1, as determined in step M2, it indicates that link L2 is operational and switching to link L2 is executed in step M4. In the process of switching to link L2, multiple port unit 10 checks for Ethernet Link pulses in link L2 in step M.
If no Link Pulses are present in link L2, as tested in step M, then multiple port unit 10 sets Link2Status to 2 in step E2 indicating that link L2 is not operational. If link L2 is bad, multiple port unit will check the status of link L1 in step E4 to find a working link to connect to a working computer. If link L1 is also bad, then multiple port unit 10 waits in step D2 for a Linkfixed command from a DDE Client (not shown in the flow chart). When the bad links are determined to be repaired in step D4, the routine moves on to resetting the status of links L1 and L2 by setting Link1Status and Link2Status to 1 indicating that the links are operational. Once the links are repaired the routine will switch multiple port unit to link L1 by returning to step B2.
If Link Pulses are present on link L2, as determined in step M, then multiple port unit 10 sets Ping Status variable to 1 in step N. Also in step N, multiple port unit 10 sets variable Current Link to 2 indicating link L2 is in use, Link1Status to “No Change”, and Link2Status to 1. Following step N, the routine checks to see if it is time for verifying the status of computers PC1 and PC2 in step O. Step O is identical to step D described above for link L1.
When it is time to check computer PC1 and PC2, multiple port unit 10 asks for the number of seconds since midnight from PC1 and PC2 in step P. This value should change each time the multiple port unit 10 interrogates PC1 and PC2 for this information. When checking for the status of PC1, if the value obtained from PC1 is greater than a previous value, then multiple port unit 10 will set PC1Status variable to 1, as shown in step G4 or G6, indicating that PC1 is on line. If the multiple port unit 10 cannot get a value from PC1, then multiple port unit 10 will set the value of PC1Status to 2 indicating that PC1 cannot be reached.
Following step P are steps Q2, S, R, R2, R4, R6, and R8, which are the steps wherein multiple port unit 10 interrogates and controls computers 72 and 74 over link L2 in a manner similar to the interrogation and control conducted over link L1 in steps, F2, H, G, G2, G4, G6, and G8 described in detail above. Accordingly, steps Q2, S, R, R2, R4, R6, and R8 are not described in further detail. The determination in steps Q2, S, and R is based on the result of the interrogation in step P.
In step Q2, if computers 72 and 74, i.e. PC1 and PC2, are determined to be bad, the procedure will set Ping Status to 1 and Link2Status to 2 indicating that link L2 is bad. Multiple port unit 10 will then switches over to link L1 in step Q6, thereby repeating the above-described routine starting at step B2 for link L1.
If at least one computer can be reached in step P, then link L2 is working properly. If link L2 is working properly, the multiple port unit 10 will continue to use link L2, and the routine loops back from step R4, R6, or R8 to step M, until step V determines it is time to test link L1.
If step V determines that it is time to test link L1, i.e. a preset time for switching links has elapsed, multiple port unit 10 checks to see if Link1Status variable has been set to 2 in step X2.
If Link1Status has been set to 2, it indicates that link L1 is bad and switching over to link L1 is not permitted. If Link2Status has been set to 1, as determined in step V, it indicates that link L1 is operational and switching to link L1 is executed in step Y. In the process of switching to link L1, multiple port unit 10 checks for Ethernet Link Pulses in link L1 in step B2, where the above-described routine repeats itself.
The routine described above is carried out by each of multiple port units 10 1, 10 2, and 10 3, in a continuous manner. The routine serves to interrogate each of computers 72 and 74 of their operating status over each of links L1 and L2. If a primary computer does not respond, failure to the other computer is accomplished. Periodically, the Ethernet link is switched and computers 72 and 74 are interrogated again. The routine insures that a working link is used for communications between intelligent electronic devices 100 and computers 72 and 74 and that the primary computer is always OK and updated with all operating variables. Because the interrogation routine and control is carried out by the multiple port units, the interrogation routine does not rely on the integrity of the links or the computers for accuracy.
Interrogation of computers in the preferred embodiment is accomplished by pinging. However, any method of computer interrogation can be used. Interrogation of link status is accomplished by carrier detection, however any method of link interrogation can be used.
Each control computer, e.g. computers 72 and 74, connected to multiple port units 10 comprises a Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) service that stores and communicates necessary information to each other and to multiple port units 10 so as to inform controlling architecture 70 the connectivity and operational status data of the computers and links.
Any type of device can be coupled to the communication ports. The communication ports can be of any type. There can be any number of communication ports in each multiple port unit and there can be any number of multiple port units in the architecture subject to addressing limitations. Any number of computers can be used to provide the desired level of redundancy and the interrogation procedure can be modified accordingly. Any number or type of network links can be used to provide the desired level of redundancy and the interrogation procedure can be modified accordingly.
The invention has been described through a preferred embodiment. However, modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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|Cooperative Classification||H04L45/28, H04L45/00|
|European Classification||H04L45/28, H04L45/00|
|Nov 9, 2000||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY,NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LAU, PUI LUN;REEL/FRAME:011261/0952
Effective date: 20001030
|Jun 21, 2011||CC||Certificate of correction|
|Dec 23, 2013||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4