This data set contains Preliminary Investigation of Paleoenvironment, Processes, and Carbon Stocks of Drained Thaw-Lake Basins, Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska data. These data contain measurements taken from 78 drained thaw-lake basins on the Arctic Coastal Plain between Barrow and Atqasuk, Alaska. Investigators collected and analyzed sediment cores to determine soil and vegetation composition, and used Landsat 7+ imagery and degree of basin polygonization to determine the relative age of the basins. Analysis of the cores included pollen, radiocarbon, and organic carbon subsampling. This project was part of an effort to determine the amount of carbon sequestered in drained basins, to determine changes in carbon accumulation rates over time, and to understand the influence of climate on the geomorphological evolution of lake basins on the Arctic Coastal Plain.