In knowledge-base economy era, knowledge becomes the most important resource for enterprise instead of physical labor, capital and natural resources. The success of the enterprise depends more and more on the quantity and quality of knowledge owned by it. The core competitiveness originates from employees' innovation ability which comes from knowledge accumulation and knowledge management. How to manage the knowledge possessed by the enterprise and how to make it becoming the sustaining competitive advantages for the enterprise? This is a new problem we must face. Finding the key points of knowledge management and plan the solution path are the crux to settle this problem.
Key words: Knowledge; Knowledge Management; Innovation; Competitiveness
Résumé: Dans l' ère de l'économie de la connaissance, la connaissance devient la ressource la plus importante pour les entreprises au lieu de travail physique, des capitaux et des ressources naturelles. Le succès de l'entreprise dépend de plus en plus de la quantité et de la qualité de la connaissance détenue par elle même. Les compétitivités principales viennent de la capacité d'innovation des employés qui provient de l'accumulation des connaissances et la gestion des connaissances. Comment faire pour gérer les connaissances possédées par l'entreprise et comment faire pour qu'elles deviennent des avantages concurrentiels soutenus pour l'entreprise? Il s'agit d'un nouveau problème à qui nous devons faire face. Pour régler ce problème, il faut trouver les points clés de la gestion des connaissances et planifier les moyens de solution.
Mots-Clés: connaissances; gestion des connaissances; innovation; compétitivités
1. KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Knowledge is the cognition sum owned by enterprise or individual which is accumulated through long-term learning and practice. It contains explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge can be expressed by language, character, data, figure, picture, video or knowledge products containing patent and software. While tacit knowledge can not be seen or heard by people. It includes experience, skill, know-how, personal insight, intuition and premonition. The tacit knowledge is attained through practice and preserving in human's brain, personal ideal and value. Francis Bacon, a British philosopher once to said: "Knowledge is power." This logion is applicable both to enterprise and individual.
Knowledge management (hereafter called KM) is the integration procedure of data collection, classification, analysis, sharing within the organization. The procedure combines the Management Information System with the learning experience. It uses the collective wisdom to improve the entire ability of innovation and managing the changes. Through open structure, enterprise can collect, process and share enough knowledge to upgrade employees' creativity and make enterprise grow. The essence of KM is to fully explore, accumulate and use enterprise's knowledge resources (including explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge) and transform them into corporate competitiveness.
The aim of KM is knowledge innovation which is the interactional result of different knowledge procedure containing knowledge production, knowledge sharing, knowledge application and knowledge innovation. In an enterprise where knowledge was not managed, the general form of knowledge is tacit. It disperses in pieces in the enterprise and the knowledge innovation is an occasional individual behavior. The aim of KM is to change this situation. It will make the tacit knowledge explicating, structurizing, popularizing and finally make the knowledge innovation procedure standardizing.
KM, since it was introduced in management area in the middle of nineties of the 20th century has been becoming an important branch of management research and a useful tool in practice to entirely improve the performance of the enterprise. …