Microbial fuel cells have a number of potential uses. The first and most obvious is harvesting the electricity produced for a power source. Virtually any organic material could be used to ‘feed’ the fuel cell. MFCs could be installed to wastewater treatment plants. The bacteria would consume waste material from the water and produce supplementary power for the plant. The gains to be made from doing this are that MFCs are a very clean and efficient method of energy production. Chemical processing wastewater (Venkata Mohan, et al., 2008a,b) and designed synthetic wastewater (Venkata Mohan, et al., 2007,2008c) have been used to produce bioelectricity in dual and single chambered mediatorless MFCs (non-coated graphite electrodes)(Venkata Mohan, et al., 2008d,e) apart from wastewater treatment. Higher power production was observed with biofilm covered anode (graphite) (Venkata Mohan, et al., 2008e). A fuel cell’s emissions are well below regulations (Choi, et al., 2000). MFCs also use energy much more efficiently than standard combustion engines which are limited by the Carnot Cycle. In theory an MFC is capable of energy efficiency far beyond 50% (Yue & Lowther, 1986). According to new research conducted by René Rozendal, using the new microbial fuel cells, conversion of the energy to hydrogen is 8x as high as conventional hydrogen production technologies.