Colon and rectal cancers have many features
in common and are often referred to together as “colorectal
cancer.” In most
cases, colorectal cancer develops slowly over a period of several
years. Most cases begin as a polyp—a growth inside the colon
or rectum that later becomes cancerous.
A personal or family history of colorectal cancer, polyps, or
inflammatory bowel disease are associated with increased colorectal
cancer risk. Other possible risk factors include physical inactivity,
a high-fat and/or low-fiber diet, as well as inadequate intake
of fruits and vegetables.
Although colorectal cancer may be present without symptoms, if
you experience any of the following, you should call your doctor
to determine the cause and schedule a colonoscopy if appropriate.
- A change in bowel habits
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Narrower than normal stools
- Unexplained weight loss
- Constant tiredness
- Blood in the stool
- Feeling that the bowel does not empty completely
- Abdominal discomfort: gas, bloating, fullness, cramps
- Unexplained anemia
If you have a personal or family history of
colorectal cancer you should check with your doctor for advice
about early detection screening tests. When these cancers are
found and treated early, they can often be cured. Screening can
also find polyps. The timely
removal of these polyps can help prevent some cancers.
The American Cancer Society recommends that
men and women at average risk should begin screening for colorectal
cancer at the age of
50. Talk to your doctor about the type of test that is most appropriate
for you. All positive tests should be followed up with a colonoscopy.
People at higher risk should consider colorectal cancer screening
earlier and/or more frequently.
A healthy diet is important to maintain a
healthy GI tract and colon. Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and
whole grain foods. Exercise lowers risk.
The American Cancer Society recommends
five or more days per week.
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