|Numéro de publication||US6934551 B1|
|Type de publication||Octroi|
|Numéro de demande||US 08/947,579|
|Date de publication||23 août 2005|
|Date de dépôt||9 oct. 1997|
|Date de priorité||9 oct. 1997|
|État de paiement des frais||Payé|
|Numéro de publication||08947579, 947579, US 6934551 B1, US 6934551B1, US-B1-6934551, US6934551 B1, US6934551B1|
|Cessionnaire d'origine||Mci Communications Corporation|
|Exporter la citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Citations de brevets (19), Référencé par (14), Classifications (6), Événements juridiques (5)|
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet|
The present invention relates generally to a communications system and, more specifically, to an apparatus and method for implementing a communications interface protocol using existing Cellular Digital Packet Data (“CDPD”) transmission equipment.
A problem frequently encountered in the field of data transmission is interfacing with multiple protocols and standards associated with different computing devices. In order to effectively communicate and transmit data between different computing systems using different standards and protocol, a system must be implemented to accommodate the differences and/or translate the information being communicated into a format compatible with the sending and receiving devices. Implementing such a system at high level protocol however, can be complicated and consume significant resources in terms of bandwidth and processing. Thus, there exists a need for a simple, reliable means of transmitting data that requires minimal software and the transmission of the minimum amount of information required for different systems to communicate.
Cellular Digital Packet Data (“CDPD”) is a wireless communications protocol that folds streams of data into envelopes or packets that are transmitted at very high speeds during pauses in cellular phone conversations. This permits the use of existing cellular systems as a means of data transmission. CDPD allows data files to be assembled into packets and transmitted via idle channels of existing bandwidth. Data can be transmitted at 19.2 Kbps over an enhanced cellular network. Adding CDPD to an existing analog cellular system allows cellular systems to transmit data eight times faster without the necessity of creating a completely new digital system.
In practice, packet data is transmitted in a wireless mode using the available bandwidth the Advanced Mobile Phone Service (“AMPS”) which operates as the communications infrastructure for analog cellular radio. Digital cellular is referred to as D-AMPS. CDPD specifications are published through the CDPD Forum and follow OSI (Open Systems Interconnection Protocol) guidelines. CDPD technology provides connectivity up to the network layer and is an overlay system that operates on AMPS frequencies.
The RS232 serial interface provides a serial data connection between two devices over dedicated wires. The interface defines up to 26 lines between two devices. One line carries the data and the others carry signaling information. Signaling is achieved by the lines through binary states, either “ON” or “OFF.” Some lines are defined for data and some for signaling. Thus, data transmission can be controlled simultaneous by both the sending device and the receiving device.
For example, the sending device can query the receiving device as to whether it is ready to receive data by setting the signal high on a line called Ready To Send (“RTS”). The receiving device can, in turn, reply that it is ready to receive data by setting the signal high on the Clear To Send (“CTS”) line. After these conditions are satisfied, both devices can begin data transmission over the data lines a communication speeds.
The invention can be used in large data transfer of over 2 kilobytes of data. The invention transfers data in the UDP protocol and hence there is an implicit limitation that the upper limit for data transfer is the limit of the UDP packet. If a larger size message needs to be transferred, there needs to be some mechanism for transmitting the information in multiple packets and keeping the transfer mechanics hidden from the application programs. The present invention addressed this issue.
In such applications there is a sender application, a receiving application, sender modem and a receiver modem. The sender and receiver modems, in addition to the data communication transfer functions also perform the function of buffering data between the sender and the receiver. These buffering techniques are well known and any buffering technique could be applicable. The buffering needs to be coordinated with the sender and receiver through the RS232 communication lines. Here we show a method to transfer large amount of data.
The Sender Application sends data to Sender Modem and the Receiver Application receives data from the Receiver Modem. The sequence of this transfer is as follows:
The sender modem accepts data from Sender Application to a preset maximum of bytes (usually 3×Max UDP Packet size). At that time, the Sender Modem lowers the CTS line, stopping data flow from the Sender Application. The Sender Modem is configured to send the data to the Receiver Modem with a header byte that shows how many UDP Packets will be sent. When the Sender Modem has sent packets equal to one, (1), less than what it received from the Sender Application, the CTS line to Sender Application is raised. This allows the Sender Application to send additional data to the Modem. The Receiver Modem continues to receive data until it sees that there are no packets to be received. The data as received is transferred by the Receiver Modem to the Receiver Application.
The methodology shown above does not require any new protocols for using CDPD in existing applications. All signaling between the user applications is conducted through the RS232 signal lines such as RTS and CTS.
As noted above, wired RS232 applications conduct data communications between a sender and a receiver that are hard wired together. In a wired RS232 connection based application, several lines may simultaneously be used to send signaling information; the signals on each line are detected by the sender and receiver instantaneously. On the other hand, in wireless RS232 communications, instantaneous communication does not occur. Rather, information is transmitted with a delay of ranging from 0.5 to 4 or 5 seconds. Furthermore, in wireless communications, modems can connect to a large number of devices using the call establishment methodology programmed into the modems.
The present invention provides a method for using wireless modems in an RS232 mode, that provides (1) logic establishing the sender and receiver and (2) a signaling and data transmission methodology that makes the wireless mode transparent to the applications. The method of the present invention provides for the transmission of data between systems utilizing different standards and protocols with a minimal overhead in terms of bandwidth and software. The method of the present invention further allows utilization of wired RS232 based applications transparently on wireless communication systems, and alleviates the delay inherent in wireless communications without impacting the reliability of the system.
The invention provides a wireless point-to-point communications system for reliable and efficient digital data transfers as compared to prior art network interface protocols. In this regard, and in accordance with one embodiment, the invention utilizes a commonly available communications protocol, such as RS232, or other accepted serial standard to encapsulate digital data derived from an instrument, data collector, or other signal acquisition means in a wireless signal carrier. The serial protocol has built-in error correction and flow control. The end-to-end interface is compatible with ordinary devices supporting the protocol. In addition, the cellular communications infrastructure provides a reliable backbone with call switching and routing of the data to its intended destination. The RS-232 data and flow control signal are encapsulated in a CDPD courier supported in existing cellular infrastructures. Since RS-232 is widely accepted and supported by a plurality of data acquisition processing systems, the interface protocol provided is reliable and efficient.
FIG. 1(a) is a schematic illustration of a system utilizing standard, wired RS232 data transmission;
FIG. 1(b) is a schematic illustration of a system employing a first embodiment of the wireless data transmission system of the present invention;
FIG. 1(c) is a schematic illustration of a system employing a second embodiment of the wireless data transmission system of the present invention;
FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) are a flowchart for the transmitting applications driver utilized in the practice of the present invention;
FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) are a flowchart for the receiving applications driver utilized in the practice of the present invention;
FIGS. 7(a) through 7(e) are a flow chart for control of the initiating CDPD modem as utilized in the practice of the present invention; and,
FIGS. 8(a) through 8(d) are a flow chart for control of the receiving CDPD modem as utilized in the practice of the present invention.
Referring now to FIG. 1(a), a system utilizing standard RS232 data transmission is illustrated. In the illustrated embodiment, a monitoring device 10 retrieves information from a remote device, such as meter 12. The information is normally collected as an analog signal that is converted to a digital format and subsequently transmitted via wired RS232 interfaces 14 to a computing device 16 such as a computer, programmable logic controller or data concentrators/multiplexers for storage and processing.
FIG. 1(b) illustrates a data transmission system utilizing the present invention. Data is retrieved from remote device 12 by monitoring device 10 and transmitted to a CDPD modem 18 via RS232 interfaces 14. CDPD modem 18 transmits the information via cellular radio to a second CDPD modem 18′ which, in turn, transmits the information via RS232 interfaces 14 to computing device 16.
Referring now to FIG. 1(c), a system 11 utilizing the present invention is illustrated. A plurality of information collecting and receiving devices 13 are connected to CDPD modems 18 via RS232 interfaces 14. Information collected by devices 13 is transmitted via CDPD modems 18 to one or more CDPD modems 18′ as described in greater detail below and information is transmitted to modems 18 from modems 18′ as indicated. The information received by modems 18′ is sorted and transmitted via RS232 serial interfaces 14 to selected receiving units 17. Receiving units 17 may be programmable logic controllers, video displays, recorders, process control computers, data storage devices and the like. Receiving units 17 may communicate with devices 13 via CDPD modems 18 to transmit to confirm communications, acknowledge receipt of communications and send instructions. Receiving units 17 may utilize different protocols and standards; however, since the information is being communicated as serial data via standard RS232 interfaces, the differences in protocols and standards does not require additional resources and software for effective and reliable communications.
In one embodiment, the overall operation of the system is controlled and monitored by a supervisory processing unit 23. The supervisory unit 23 may provide a number of functional features including monitoring the communications between the different units, directing the flow of information, controlling the priority of communications between the units and providing any additional resources required to insure compatible communications between the units.
Referring now to
The entire table 26 is transmitted by the modem 18 on the initiating side as one packet of data. When the receiving modem receives the packet, it changes the status of the entry for the first line in the table to “established” on the RS232 interface. The receiving application must then acknowledge the signal by setting the second line 28 “HIGH” in the same sequence, i.e., set the status, and transmit the table as one packet to the receiving modem. The initiating application then sets the status to “ESTABLISHED” on the RS232 interface. When both lines are seen as high and established by the initiating application, the initiating modem starts data transmission.
The data to be transmitted is concatenated to a signaling packet on the initiating side and the packet is transmitted. Since both lines are “HIGH” and “ESTABLISHED,” the receiving modem accepts the data. A Cyclical Redundancy Check (“CRC”) is used by the receiving modem to confirm the validity of the data. If the data passes the CRC check, it is accepted as valid. Since the wireless modems 18 and 18′ provide wireless error correction, duplication of this function is not required. Incorporation of the CRC, however, makes error checking consistent between a wired and wireless application. Through the combination of a minimal logic set and a minimal set of signaling data as set forth above the present invention provides transparency of the wireless link to the application, the same reliability as a wired link for the application and a minimal program size that is important for such applications.
Referring now to
FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) are a flowchart for the applications driver for the initiating modem. As illustrated, when the application is stated the first step is to check the status of the RS232 interface (step 102). If the port is busy, a busy signal is returned to the application (step 104). If the port is not busy, the application checks to determine whether the RTS line is high (step 106). If the RTS line is set high, a busy signal is returned to the application (step 108). If the RTS line is not set high, the port status is set busy (step 110) and the RTS line is set high and table 30 is transmitted as described above (step 112). A timer is initiated (step 114). If the timer times out before receipt of the table 26 from the receiving application, the port status is set to “ERROR” and the error status is returned to the application (steps 116 and 118). If the table 26 is received by the initiating application with the CTS line set high, the timers are reset (step 124) and data transmission is initiated.
When the receiving application detects the end of text in the data transmission it initiates a timer (step 128). If the application receives a CTS “LOW” before the timer times out, the timers are reset (step 130) and the RTS line is set low (step 132). If the timer times out before the CTS “LOW” is received, the port status is set to “ERROR” (step 134) and the error status is returned to the initiating application (step 136). Assuming that the RTS “LOW” signal is confirmed by the initiating device before the timer is timed out, the port status is set open (step 139) and a signal indicating successful transmission is transmitted to the initiating application (step 141). If the RTS low is not confirmed prior to the timer timing out, the port status is set to “ERROR” (step 142) and the error status is transmitted to the initiating application (step 144).
Referring now to FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) a flowchart for the applications driver for the receiving application is illustrated. After the application is started, the status of the port is checked (step 200) and if the port is busy a return busy signal is returned to the application (step 202). If the RTS line is set low, a return “IDLE” signal is returned to the application (step 204). If the RTS line is set “HIGH” the port status is set “BUSY” (step 206), the CTS line is set high (step 208), and table 26 is transmitted to the initiating application. A timer is initiated (step 210) and if a data transmission is detected on the port before the timer times out, the data is read (step 214) and the timer reset (step 216). If no data transmission is detected on the port before the timer times out, an error signal is returned to the application (step 212).
After the receiving application detects the end of text in the data, it sets the signal in the CTS line “LOW”, transmits the data in table 26 (step 218) as described above to the initiating application and sets a timer (step 220). If the receiving application receives confirmation that the RTS line is set low prior to timing out, the port status is set as “OPEN” (step 222) and a successful data receive signal is returned to the initiating application (step 224). If confirmation is not received, and if the timer has timed out, the port status is set to “ERROR” (step 226) and a return error signal is transmitted to the initiating application (step 228).
Referring now to FIGS. 7(a), through 7(e) a flow chart for the CDPD modem control for the initiating modem is illustrated. The status of the RTS line is checked (step 300), and if the RTS line is set high the status of the RTS line is mapped as “SEND” in the application buffer (step 302) and the application buffer is copied to the communications transmit buffer (step 304). The transmit buffer is then transmitted to the receiving modem as a UDP (“User Data Protocol”) message, (step 306) and a timer is set (step 308). If a message is received from the receiving modem in the receive buffer (step 310), the receive buffer is copied to the application buffer (step 312) and the timer is reset (step 314). If the timer times out prior to the receipt of a message from the receiving modem (step 316) the number of attempted transmissions is compared to a predetermined maximum number of transmissions (step 318). If the number of attempted transmissions exceeds the predetermined maximum an error message is returned to the application (step 320).
After the receive buffer is copied to the application buffer, the status of the RTS and CTS lines in the application buffer is checked (step 322). If the RTS line status is set to “ESTABLISHED” and the CTS line status is set to “SEND”, the predetermined number of permissible transmission attempts is reset (step 324) and the CTS line is set high (step 326), otherwise control is returned to step 306. Upon receipt of data, the data is read from the data line into the application buffer (step 328) and the CTS line status is set as “ESTABLISHED” in the application buffer (step 330). The application buffer is copied to the transmit buffer (step 332), transmitted as a UDP message (step 334) and a timer is set (step 336).
If a message is received from the receiving modem in the receiving buffer (step 338), before the timer times out, the contents of the receiving buffer are copied into the applications buffer (step 340). If the timer times out prior to the receipt of a message from the receiving modem (step 342), the number of attempted transmissions are compared to a predetermined maximum number of transmissions (step 344).
If the number of attempted transmissions exceeds the predetermined maximum, an error message is returned to the application, otherwise control is returned to step 334. After the contents of the receiving buffer is copied into the applications buffer (step 340), the timer is reset and the line status in the application buffer are checked for RTS “ESTABLISHED” and CTS “LOW” (step 344). If these conditions are met, the CTS line is set low (step 346). If the line status in the application buffer for RTS is not “ESTABLISHED” or if CTS is not set low, control is returned to step 334.
After the CTS line is set low in step 346, the RTS line is checked for a “HIGH” condition (step 348) and the maximum number of permissible attempted number of attempted transmissions is reset (step 350). If the RTS is “LOW,” control is returned to step 348. After the number of permissible attempted transmissions is reset in step 350, the line status for RTS in the applications buffer is set low (step 352). The applications buffer is copied to the transmit buffer (step 354), the transmit buffer is transmitted as a UDP message (step 356) and a timer is set (step 358).
If a message is received from the receiving modem in the receiving buffer (step 360) prior to the timer timing out (step 362), the contents of the receiving buffer are copied into the application buffer (step 364) and the timer is reset (step 366). If the timer times out (step 362) the number of attempted transmissions is compared to the maximum permissible number (step 368). If the number of attempted transmissions exceeds the maximum permissible number, an error message is returned to the application, (step 370); if not, control is returned to step 356.
After the timer is reset in step 366, the line status in the applications buffer is checked for RTS “LOW” and CTS “LOW” (step 372). If these conditions are not met, control is returned to step 354; if the conditions are met, a signal indicating a successful transmission is returned to the application (step 374).
Referring now to FIGS. 8(a) through 8(d), the modem control for the receiving modem is schematically illustrated. The receiving modem checks to determine whether the modem is in use (step 400) and if so, signals a return (step 402). If the modem is not in use, the application checks for a new message in the receive buffer (step 404). If a message is present in the receive buffer, the contents of the receive buffer are copied (step 406) to the applications buffer and the line status is checked for RTS “SEND” and CTS “LOW” (step 408). If these conditions are met, the RTS line is set “HIGH” (step 410) and the status of the CTS line is checked for a “HIGH” status (step 412).
If the line status of the CTS is “HIGH” the line status in the applications buffer is set as RTS “ESTABLISHED” and CTS “SEND” (step 414). The contents of the application buffer are copied to the transmit buffer (step 416) and transmitted to the initiating modem (step 418) as a UDP message. A timer is set (step 420) and the receive buffer is checked for receipt of a message from the transmitting modem (step 422). If a message is received from the transmitting modem before the timer times out (step 424), the message is copied from the receive buffer into the applications buffer (step 426).
At this time, the timer has timed out and the number of attempted transmission has exceeded the predetermined maximum number of allowable attempted transmissions, (step 428), a error signal is returned to the application (step 430). If the timer has not timed out, control is returned to step 422, or if the timer has timed out and the predetermined maximum number of attempted transmissions has not been 110 exceeded, control is returned to step 418.
After the contents of the receiving buffer have been copied into the applications buffer in step 426, the timer is reset (step 432) and the line status is checked for RTS “ESTABLISHED” and CTS “ESTABLISHED” (step 434). Data from the dataline is written to from the dataline on the port to the application (step 436). The status of the CTS is check for “LOW” (step 438) and if this condition is met, the predetermined allowable number of attempted transmissions is reset, (step 440) and the CTS status is set to “low” in the applications buffer, and the contents of the applications buffer is copied to the transmit buffer for transmission as a UDP message (step 444), a timer is set (step 446) and the receive buffer is monitored for receipt of a message from the transmitting modem (step 448). If the timer times out prior to receipt of a message from the transmitting modem, (step 450) the number of attempted transmissions is compared to the predetermined allowable number of attempted transmissions (step 452) and if the maximum allowable number of attempted transmissions is exceeded, an error signal is returned to the application (step 454).
After a message has been received from the transmitting modem, (step 448), a copy of the received buffer is copied to the application buffer, (step 456) and the line status is checked for CTS “LOW” and RTS “LOW” (step 458). If these conditions are met, the contents of the transmit buffer are transmitted (step 460) and a “SUCCESSFUL RECEIVE” message is returned to the application. If the line status conditions are not met, control is returned to step 446.
Through the combination of a minimal logic set and minimal signaling data as set forth above, the present invention provides a transparent wireless link between RS232 interfaces with the same or equivalent reliability as a hard wired link. Further, the present invention provides these features with a minimal program size, a feature that is important in the applications of interest.
While the present invention has been disclosed and discussed in connection with the above-described embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous changes, variations and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention are possible. Accordingly, it is therefore, intended that following claims shall encompass such variations and modifications.
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|Classification aux États-Unis||455/466, 455/557, 455/556.1|
|9 oct. 1997||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: MCI COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION, DISTRICT OF COLUMB
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Year of fee payment: 4
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Owner name: VERIZON PATENT AND LICENSING INC., NEW JERSEY
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|24 juil. 2014||AS||Assignment|
Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO REMOVE THE PATENT NUMBER 5,835,907 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 032725 FRAME 0001. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:MCI COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:033408/0235
Owner name: VERIZON PATENT AND LICENSING INC., NEW JERSEY
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