Snyder, Richard L. and Spano, Donatella Emma Ignazia (2008) Important factors to model climate change effects on evapotranspiration. Italian Journal of Agronomy, Vol. 3 (3 Suppl.), p. 619-620. ISSN 1125-4718. Article.
Although growers have considerable control over crop production, a major concern is the anticipated increase in evapotranspiration (ET) due to global warming. ET rates, however, are also affected by radiation, humidity, wind speed, crop morphology, and crop physiology in addition to temperature. Crop ET (ETc) is commonly estimated as the product of reference ET (ET0) and a crop coefficient (Kc), and the main factors affecting Kc values are net radiation, aerodynamic resistance, and canopy resistance differences between the reference and crop surfaces. The standardized ET0 equation has fixed values for the canopy resistance (rc), and different values are likely for other crops. The rc values might also adjust with increasing CO2 and higher temperature. Aerodynamic resistance (ra) depends on atmospheric stability, wind speed, and surface roughness. The relative aerodynamic contributions of sensible heat to ET0 and ETc could change if the canopy development or the wind speed climatology are modified by global warming. In this paper, we will discuss how the ET0 and Kc values vary with microclimate and how Kc values and ET0 rates might react to global warming.
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