|Publication number||US5287180 A|
|Application number||US 07/650,329|
|Publication date||Feb 15, 1994|
|Filing date||Feb 4, 1991|
|Priority date||Feb 4, 1991|
|Also published as||CA2101644A1, CN1037803C, CN1063985A, DE69127828D1, DE69127828T2, DE69131995D1, DE69131995T2, EP0570464A1, EP0570464B1, EP0771123A2, EP0771123A3, EP0771123B1, WO1992014343A1|
|Publication number||07650329, 650329, US 5287180 A, US 5287180A, US-A-5287180, US5287180 A, US5287180A|
|Inventors||Hugh E. White|
|Original Assignee||General Electric Company|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (15), Referenced by (61), Classifications (21), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This invention concerns a high definition television system compatible with the bandwidth of a preexisting standard definition television channel. In particular, this invention concerns a modulation technique for reducing mutual interference between simulcast high definition television signals and standard definition television signals.
A high definition television (HDTV) system is generally understood to be a system for processing a television signal having approximately double the horizontal and vertical image resolution of a standard television signal, e.g., NTSC, or greater resolution. An HDTV signal also may exhibit a greater image aspect ratio, e.g., 16×9, compared to the 4×3 aspect ratio of a standard NTSC television image.
In a simulcast television broadcast system, two versions of the same program material are broadcast simultaneously via separate standard 6 MHz channels. One of the two program versions contains standard definition NTSC information broadcast on one channel, while the other contains high definition information broadcast on the other 6 MHz channel. In practice, a simulcast system may utilize two adjacent 6 MHz NTSC channels, e.g., VEF channels 3 and 4, to convey the standard and HDTV information respectively. The high definition version of a simulcast system can be implemented in a single 6 MHz channel by the use of signal encoding and time compression techniques. The standard NTSC information and the HDTV information are received independently by respective standard NTSC and HDTV receivers. When standard NTSC receivers are eventually replaced by HDTV or dual-standard receivers, perhaps in 15-20 years, the channels used by standard NTSC television signals will become available for other purposes. Thus the simulcast concept prevents the vast number of preexisting standard NTSC receivers from becoming obsolete as soon as HDTV broadcasting is introduced, and permits expanded broadcasting services in the future when the channels occupied by standard NTSC signals become available.
A simulcast system differs from a so-called augmentation system in that an augmentation system requires the continuing use of two channels. One channel conveys standard NTSC information, while the other channel contains predetermined augmentation information which, when combined at an HDTV receiver with the standard NTSC information from the first channel, produces a high definition television signal.
It is important to significantly reduce or eliminate co-channel interference between the standard and HDTV signals transmitted from different locations on the same channel. A system according to the present invention addresses this matter.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, high definition television information to be transmitted is divided into high priority information which is intended to be received with high reliability, and low priority information. The high priority information and the low priority information are conveyed as separate modulated carrier signals within different portions of a frequency spectrum which exhibits signal attenuation at frequencies associated with high energy information of a standard definition (e.g., NTSC) signal.
In a disclosed preferred embodiment of the invention, the high priority information exhibits a narrow bandwidth relative to the low priority information, and illustratively includes low frequency video, audio and synchronizing information. The low priority information includes high frequency video information. The high priority and low priority information are conveyed by means of a multiple quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) technique. The high priority narrowband information exhibits a significantly larger amplitude than the low priority wideband information, and quadrature amplitude modulates a first suppressed carrier in the lower frequency portion of the video frequency spectrum. The modulated first carrier is subject to being attenuated significantly by a Nyquist slope filter in a standard television receiver. The low priority wideband information quadrature amplitude modulates a second suppressed carrier in the video frequency spectrum, producing a multiple QAM signal. The frequency spectrum of the multiple QAM signal exhibits signal attenuation at frequencies associated with high energy information in the vicinity of NTSC picture and sound carriers.
FIG. 1 depicts the baseband video frequency spectrum of a standard NTSC television signal.
FIG. 2 depicts the video frequency spectrum of a multiple QAM high definition television signal according to the present invention.
FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively illustrate transmitter and receiver apparatus for processing a high definition multiple QAM signal according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram helpful in understanding a signal processing aspect of the disclosed system.
FIG. 1 illustrates the baseband video frequency spectrum of a standard NTSC television signal, which occupies a 6 MHz channel. In accordance with conventional practice, the indicated frequencies are referenced to 0.0 MHz, about which an RF picture carrier is amplitude modulated with video information in vestigial sideband form. The modulated signal exhibits a lower vestigial sideband (VSB) with a 1.25 MHz bandwidth, and an upper sideband containing image representative luminance and chrominance information. The chrominance information quadrature modulates a 3.58 MHz suppressed color subcarrier. Most of the high energy information appears in the vicinity of the picture carrier frequency and in the vicinity of the frequency modulated 4.5 MHz sound carrier frequency.
FIG. 2 illustrates the video frequency spectrum of a high definition television signal which is compatible with the 6 MHz bandwidth of a standard NTSC television signal channel, and which can be used as a simulcast signal. To facilitate comparison with the standard NTSC video frequency spectrum shown in FIG. 1, the frequencies along the frequency scale of FIG. 2 (-1.25 MHz to 4.5 MHz) are referenced to the 0.0 MHz frequency location of the RF picture carrier in an NTSC system.
The HDTV television signal is a time compressed signal divided into high and low priority information components. In this example audio, synchronizing and low frequency video information components which are intended to be received with high reliability are assigned a high priority. The synchronizing information, for example, may be in the nature of a training signal containing a unique signature or code to facilitate signal recovery and processing at a receiver, and illustratively may include field rate scanning information (e.g., start of field markers). Other less critical components, such as high frequency video information, are assigned a lower priority. The high priority information exhibits a narrow bandwidth relative to the low priority information, and quadrature amplitude modulates (QAM) a 0.96 MHz first suppressed carrier referenced to a signal REF as discussed below. The low priority information quadrature amplitude modulates a 3.84 MHz second suppressed carrier which is also referenced to signal REF. A resulting composite signal is a form of a multiple QAM signal, i.e., a "twin" QAM signal in this instance. The composite twin QAM signal is translated into the 6 MHz standard television band by means of out-of-band reference signal REF. The frequency of signal REF is chosen so that when signal REF is modulated by the composite QAM signal, one of the resulting sum or difference components falls within the band of frequencies associated with a desired radio frequency television channel, such as simulcast VHF channel 3. Signal REF is modulated by the composite twin QAM signal to produce a double sideband modulated signal, the lower sideband of which is rejected and the upper sideband of which is retained as illustrated by FIG. 2.
The amplitude of the narrowband QAM component is significantly greater than that of the wideband QAM component, twice as large in this example. The -6 db bandwidth of the narrowband QAM component is 0.96 MHz, and the -6 db bandwidth of the wideband QAM component is 3.84 MHz which is four times the bandwidth of the narrowband QAM component. The nonlinear band edge transition regions of the narrowband and wideband QAM components are shaped by finite impulse response (FIR) filters with a square root of a raised cosine characteristic, to produce smooth transition regions which avoid unwanted high frequency effects produced by sharp transition regions. The amplitude-versus-frequency response of the wideband component in the band edge transition regions (not drawn to scale) has one quarter the slope of the steeper narrowband component.
The narrowband and wideband QAM components each contain an in-phase component "I" and a quadrature-phase component "Q". As will be discussed in connection with FIG. 3, the I-phase component modulates a suppressed cosine carrier, and the Q-phase component modulates a suppressed sine carrier. A data "symbol" is represented by both the I component and the Q component. The composite QAM signal is a "16 QAM" signal in this example. Each 16 QAM I and Q component exhibits four discrete amplitude levels, resulting in a total of 4×4 or 16 possible amplitude levels, or values, for each of the narrowband and wideband QAM signals, hence "16" QAM. Two bits are needed to specify the four levels of each I and Q component, whereby each data symbol requires four bits to specify the sixteen levels for an I, Q combination. Thus the bit rate of the 3.84 MHz (-6 db) wideband QAM signal is 15.36 Mbps (3.84 MHz×4 bits), and the bit rate of the 0.96 MHz (-6 db) narrowband QAM signal is 3.84 Mbps (0.96 MHz×4 bits). In a 64 QAM system, the bit rates of the narrowband and wideband components would increase by a factor of 1.5.
The described multiple (twin) QAM system exhibits significant co-channel immunity from interference associated with a standard NTSC television signal, i.e., an NTSC signal transmitted from a different location in the same channel as the twin QAM signal. This is due to attenuating notches in the QAM spectrum in the vicinity of the NTSC RF picture carrier and the NTSC sound carrier, which are associated with high energy information. Conversely, co-channel interference from the twin QAM signal into an NTSC signal is significantly reduced because the large amplitude narrowband QAM signal will be significantly attenuated by a Nyquist slope filter in a standard NTSC television receiver. In FIG. 2 the Nyquist slope filter response in a standard NTSC receiver is indicated by a dotted line superimposed on the low band portion of the QAM spectrum from -0.75 MHz to 0.75 MHz. It has been observed that the 6 db greater amplitude of the narrowband QAM signal relative to the wideband QAM signal, i.e., exhibiting four times the power of the wideband QAM signal, produces about the same amount of tolerably small interference as the lower power wideband QAM signal. The combination of the 6 db greater amplitude of the narrowband QAM component and its one-quarter bandwidth relative to the wideband QAM component results in a power density 12 db greater than that of the wideband QAM component. The illustrated high priority narrowband QAM signal therefore exhibits a 12 db signal-to-noise improvement and lower error rate relative to the low priority wideband QAM signal. The relative bandwidths and amplitudes of the wideband and narrowband QAM signals can be tailored to suit the requirements of a particular system including NTSC and PAL television systems.
The large peak amplitude narrowband component contains video information sufficient to produce a displayed image with definition approximating that of a standard definition television image. Thus a viewer should not be overly disturbed if, for example, the high definition transmission is momentarily disrupted by aircraft flutter. That is, if the low power wideband component containing the high definition information is disrupted momentarily, the high power narrowband component may be unaffected whereby a lower definition but acceptable image is displayed momentarily.
The bit rates of the wideband and narrowband QAM signals, 15.36 Mbps and 3.84 Mbps respectively, advantageously exhibit a 4:1 integer relationship. This relationship simplifies recovering the narrowband and wideband QAM information at a receiver, since the same derived data clock can readily be used for timing the data recovery operation of both QAM components. The required data clock rates for the receiver system can be easily derived from the readily recovered high power narrowband QAM signal, as will be discussed.
FIG. 3 shows television transmitter apparatus for developing a twin QAM signal having the amplitude-versus-frequency spectrum shown in FIG. 2. High priority and low priority HDTV data are provided from sources 10 and 30 in time compressed digital form to be compatible with the 6 MHz bandwidth of a standard NTSC channel. For this purpose sources 10 and 30 contain digital time compression and encoding apparatus including Huffman coding, run-length coding, quantizing and discrete cosine transformation networks, for example.
The output signal from source 10 is applied to an encoder 12, which acts as a bit-mapper for the continuous bit stream signal received from source 10. Encoder 12 splits the signal from source 10 into sequential 4-bit (symbol) segments. One 16-value, 4-bit segment is mapped into a four quadrant grid-like signal constellation using a look-up table, with four 4-bit values occupying assigned areas in each quadrant, as is known. FIG. 5 illustrates such a bit assignment for a 16-bit QAM signal constellation with respect to a four quadrant grid with real (I) and imaginary (Q) axes. This mapped bit segment appears at I and Q outputs of encoder 12 (e.g., the first two bits appear at the I output and the next two bits appear at the Q output). The next 16-value, 4-bit segment is similarly mapped. To allow a receiver to be insensitive to a phase rotation of the received signal constellation, a form of differential encoding is used at the transmitter whereby the first two bits of each four bit segment define the constellation quadrant in which the four bit segment is located, and the last two bits define the particular point within the quadrant. Encoder 32 operates in the same manner with respect to signals received from low priority data source 30.
The output signals from encoders 12 and 32 are applied to respective QAM modulators 14 and 34 of conventional design. A narrowband QAM output signal from modulator 14 is converted to analog form by a digital-to-analog converter 15 before being applied to an input of an additive combiner 18 via a 1.5 MHz horizontal low pass filter 16. Filter 16 removes unwanted high frequency components including harmonics produced by prior digital processing and digital-to-analog conversion circuits in the narrowband path. A wideband QAM output signal from modulator 34 is converted to analog form by a digital-to-analog converter 35 before being applied to another input of combiner 18 via a 6.0 MHz horizontal low pass filter 36 and an attenuator 38. Filter 36 serves essentially the same purpose as filter 16. Attenuator 38 scales the amplitude of the wideband QAM component so that it is -6 db less than the amplitude of the high priority narrowband QAM component, as illustrated in FIG. 2. A composite twin QAM signal is produced at the output of combiner 18. This twin QAM signal is multiplied by a reference signal REF in a modulator (mixer) 20 to produce signal REF double sideband modulated with upper and lower twin QAM sidebands at the output of modulator 20. A 6 MHz TV channel bandpass filter 22 rejects the lower sideband, but retains the upper sideband (FIG. 2) for transmission via apparatus including an antenna 25.
QAM modulator 14 contains identical square root raised cosine, finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters 41 and 42 which receive the I and Q output signals from encoder 12, respectively. Filter 41 is located in a nominal in-phase path and is designated as an "I" phase filter, whereas filter 42 is located in a nominal quadrature-phase path and is designated as a "Q" phase filter. Filters 41 and 42 shape the nonlinear band edge transition regions of the narrowband and wideband QAM components as discussed in connection with FIG. 2.
Output signals from filters 41 and 42 are respectively modulated in multipliers 44 and 45 with COSINE and SINE reference signals. These signals are provided from a source 46, e.g., including a look-up table which produces sine and cosine values at four 90° intervals per period, namely, 90°, 180°, 270° and 360°. The SINIE and COSINE reference signals correspond to the narrowband QAM suppressed quadrature carrier at a frequency of 0.96 MHz, i.e., 3.84 Mbps/4. Quadrature phased modulated output signals from multipliers 44 and 45 are combined by an adder 48 to produce the high priority narrowband QAM signal. Wideband QAM modulator 34 is structurally and operationally similar to modulator 14, except that the frequency of the associated SINE and COSINE quadrature carrier signals is 3.84 MHz.
The system shown in FIG. 3 employs 2's complement 8-bit digital signal processing. Digital data clock signals are provided by frequency synthesizers 52 and 54 in response to a master clock signal developed by a system clock generator 55. A 15.36 MHz clock signal CLK from synthesizer 52 acts as the data clock for data source 30, encoder 32 and wideband QAM modulator 34. Clock CLK also serves as the data clock for data source 10, encoder 12 and narrowband QAM modulator 14 after being frequency divided to 3.84 MHz by a divide-by-four frequency divider 58, since the data rate of the narrowband data (3.84 Mbps) is one-quarter that of the wideband data (15.36 Mbps). Synthesizer 54 provides reference signal REF for translating the composite twin QAM signal to the television frequency band via mixer 20.
The narrowband and wideband QAM carriers need not be suppressed, although the use of suppressed carriers provides power savings and avoids certain types of interference in a displayed image. Small amplitude non-suppressed carriers may be used to provide improved symbol rate clock recovery. Modulated QAM carriers with unsymmetrical sidebands are also possible.
In the receiver apparatus of FIG. 4, a broadcast twin QAM signal received by an antenna 110 is applied to a mixer 112 together with a reference signal REF nominally at the frequency of signal REF used at the transmitter. An output signal from mixer 112 includes sum and difference components. The higher frequency sum component is rejected by a low pass filter 114, which passes the difference component to an analog to digital converter 116. The passed difference component exhibits the composite modulation frequency spectrum shown in FIG. 2, with the narrowband QAM modulation spectrum centered about 0.96 MHz and the wideband QAM modulation spectrum centered about 3.84 MHz.
The digital sampled output signal from unit 116 is applied to a demodulator 118 which, together with succeeding elements 120, 122, 124, 126 and 128 forms a narrowband QAM signal processor. Demodulator 118 includes a plurality of input FIR filters for selectively passing the narrowband QAM component, while rejecting the wideband QAM component. Specifically, narrowband QAM demodulator 118 includes a filter having an amplitude versus frequency response characteristic which substantially conforms to the shape of the amplitude versus frequency characteristic of the modulated narrowband QAM component as shown in FIG. 2. A demodulator 119 in a wideband QAM signal processing network including elements 119, 121, 123, 125, 127 and 129 selectively passes the wideband QAM component while rejecting the narrowband QAM component. Wideband QAM demodulator 119 includes a filter having a response which substantially conforms to the shape of the amplitude versus frequency characteristic of the modulated wideband QAM component, as shown in FIG. 2. Thus the receiver system exhibits signal attenuating notches at frequencies associated with high energy information in a standard definition television signal. The elements of the wideband QAM processor are similar to the correspondingly labeled elements of the narrowband processor which will be discussed below, except that the characteristics of demodulators 118 and 119 differ as mentioned above. Demodulators 118 and 119 perform the inverse of the operation performed by modulators 14 and 34 at the transmitter (FIG. 3).
Adaptive equalizer 120, of conventional design, receives the demodulated quadrature phased I and Q components from demodulator 118. Equalizer 120 employs an adaptive digital FIR filter to compensate for amplitude and phase irregularities, e.g., including ghosts, caused by the transmission channel. Equalized I and Q output signals from unit 120 are applied to an estimator network 126 which produces output I, Q components which represent a most likely estimate of the values of I and Q components as transmitted. For example, the values of the I and Q components at the output of estimator 126 have been adjusted as needed to compensate for the distorting effect of noise acquired in the course of transmission. Estimator 126 essentially performs an interpretive function of assigning values to samples which, due to effects such as noise, do not fit exactly into assigned locations in the 16-point four quadrant signal constellation. Output signals from estimator 126 are applied to a decoder 122, which essentially exhibits the inverse of the mapping operation performed by the encoder at the transmitter. Look-up tables are employed to "unmap" the four quadrant signal constellation into the sequential four-bit (symbol) segments, in binary digit form, which existed at the transmitter before being encoded at the transmitter by unit 12 (FIG. 3).
An error detector 124 monitors the I, Q input and output signals of estimator 126 for producing an output signal with a magnitude proportional to the phase error between the I, Q input and output signals of estimator 126. The phase error can be due to noise effects, in which case the phase error would be random in nature. The phase error also can be due to the frequency of signal REF not being substantially equal to the frequency of corresponding signal REF used at the transmitter, in which case the phase error would not be random in nature. An output ERROR signal from error detector 124 ultimately is used to compensate for the frequency of signal REF deviating from a desired value, i.e., the value of the frequency of corresponding signal REF at the transmitter.
Specifically, the ERROR signal is applied to a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) network 128, which also includes a low pass filter, for modifying the values of quadrature phased sine and cosine reference signals applied to quadrature demodulator 118. The modified sine and cosine reference signals alter the demodulation process until the magnitude of the error representative output signal from detector 124 indicates that any deviation of the frequency of signal REF from a desired value has been compensated for. The low pass filter associated with unit 128 filters the ERROR signal so that the values of the reference signals from VCO 128 and thereby the operation of demodulator 118 are modified in response to errors of a non-random nature, such as the described frequency deviation, and are unaffected by random effects such as noise. The control loop including units 119, 121, 127, 123 and 129 of the wideband QAM processor operate in the same fashion as units 118, 120, 126, 124 and 128 of the narrowband QAM processor discussed above. Additional information concerning the operation of a control loop of the type including estimator 126, detector 124, VCO 128 and demodulator 118 can be found in the text " Digital Communication", Lee and Messerschmitt, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Mass., USA, 1988).
A direct digital frequency synthesizer 126 produces a clock signal CLK in response to a master clock signal from a system clock generator 130, which also provides a clock signal to a frequency synthesizer 135 for developing mixer reference signal REF. The frequency of signal REF nominally corresponds to that of signal REF used at the transmitter. Any deviation of the frequency of signal REF from a desired frequency is compensated for as described above. Signal CLK from source 126 is the clock signal for elements 119, 121, 125 and 127 of the wideband processor. The narrowband processor processes a signal with a bandwidth which is one-fourth that of the wideband signal. Hence, the narrowband processor elements respond to a clock signal CLK/4 with a frequency one-fourth that of signal CLK, as provided by a frequency divider 136.
The frequency of clock signal CLK at the receiver corresponds to the frequency of clock signal CLK employed at the transmitter (FIG. 3). Establishing the proper receiver clock frequency is facilitated by deriving the receiver clock signal from information contained in the more reliably received high power narrowband QAM component. Specifically, the composite QAM signal from the output of LPF 114 is applied to a nonlinear signal generator 133, e.g., a power of N generator where N may be 2 or 4. Unit 133 produces a single frequency component at the symbol rate of the narrowband QAM component. In this case the symbol rate is 0.96 MHz, one-quarter of the bit rate. Unit 133 also produces a highly attenuated output at the symbol rate of the low power wideband QAM component, which output is ignored by subsequent signal processing units.
A phase detector 137 responds to the 0.96 MHz output component from unit 133, and forms a phase locked loop together with a low-pass filter 138, synthesizer 126 and a divide-by-16 frequency divider 139. Filter 138 removes spurious frequencies including noise produced by the operation of nonlinear signal generator 133. Frequency divider 139 receives a 15.36 MHz signal from synthesizer 126 and provides a 0.96 MHz output signal to a control input of phase detector 137. Synthesizer 126 includes a register which accumulates phase increments determined by the signal applied to a control input of unit 126 from filter 138, at a rate determined by the frequency of the signal from clock generator 130. The accumulated phase value addresses a ROM containing sinusoidal values which synthesize the output signal from unit 126. The function of unit 126 can be implemented by integrated circuit type Q2334 commercially available from Qualcomm Corporation of San Diego, Calif.
A signal processor 140 combines the demodulated high priority data signal from decoder 122 the demodulated low priority data signal from decoder 125. Processor 140 may include data decompression networks such as Huffman decoders and inverse quantizers, error correcting networks, and de-multiplexing and signal combining networks for providing separate audio and video television signal components. The audio component is processed by an audio signal processor 142 before being applied to a sound reproducing device 146. The video component is processed by a unit 144 to produce an image representative signal which is applied to an image display device 148.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5063445 *||Apr 19, 1990||Nov 5, 1991||Nippon Hoso Kyokai||Multiple sub-sampling transmitting/receiving system performing interfield and interframe offset sub-sampling of a broad bandwidth television signal|
|US5134464 *||Jan 29, 1991||Jul 28, 1992||North American Philips Corporation||Method and apparatus for the transmission and reception of a multicarrier digital television signal|
|EP0279625A2 *||Feb 16, 1988||Aug 24, 1988||British Broadcasting Corporation||Signal transmission system|
|EP0361564A2 *||Aug 29, 1989||Apr 4, 1990||Philips Electronics N.V.||High-definition television signal transmission and reception with time and frequency multiplexing|
|EP0364285A2 *||Oct 13, 1989||Apr 18, 1990||Massachusetts Institute Of Technology||Television transmission|
|WO1991015925A1 *||Apr 2, 1991||Oct 17, 1991||Nat Transcommunications Ltd||Transmission and reception in a hostile interference environment|
|1||"Advanced Television Systems For The U.S.A." by B. J. Lechner, Information Display, May 1990.|
|2||"An Extended Definition Television System Using Quadrature Modulation Of The Video Carrier With Inverse Nyquist Filter", by Y. Yasumoto et al., IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. CE-33, No. 3, Aug. 1987.|
|3||"HDS/NA: An Analog Simulcast High Definition Television System", by M. Tsinberg et al., IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 36, No. 3, Aug. 1990.|
|4||"High Definition And High Frame Rate Compatible N.T.S.C. Broadcast Television System", by G. W. Meeker, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 34, No. 3, Sep. 1988.|
|5||"Spectrum Compatible High Definition Television", by C. G. Eilers et al., IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 36, No. 1, Mar. 1990.|
|6||*||Advanced Television Systems For The U.S.A. by B. J. Lechner, Information Display, May 1990.|
|7||*||An Extended Definition Television System Using Quadrature Modulation Of The Video Carrier With Inverse Nyquist Filter , by Y. Yasumoto et al., IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. CE 33, No. 3, Aug. 1987.|
|8||*||General Instrument Corporation report on the Digicipher HDTV System, Jun. 8, 1990.|
|9||*||HDS/NA: An Analog Simulcast High Definition Television System , by M. Tsinberg et al., IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 36, No. 3, Aug. 1990.|
|10||*||High Definition And High Frame Rate Compatible N.T.S.C. Broadcast Television System , by G. W. Meeker, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 34, No. 3, Sep. 1988.|
|11||IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 36, No. 3, Aug. 1990, IEEE, (New York), W. Bretl et al., "Video Encoding In The Spectrum-Compatible HDTV System", pp. 172-176.|
|12||*||IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 36, No. 3, Aug. 1990, IEEE, (New York), W. Bretl et al., Video Encoding In The Spectrum Compatible HDTV System , pp. 172 176.|
|13||Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on HDTV, "Signal Processing of HDTV, II", CSELT, Turin, Aug. 30-Sep. 1, 1989, S. N. Baron et al., "An Evolutionary Approach To Advanced Television Services: The ACTV (Advanced Compatible Television) System", pp. 195-211.|
|14||*||Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on HDTV, Signal Processing of HDTV, II , CSELT, Turin, Aug. 30 Sep. 1, 1989, S. N. Baron et al., An Evolutionary Approach To Advanced Television Services: The ACTV (Advanced Compatible Television) System , pp. 195 211.|
|15||*||Spectrum Compatible High Definition Television , by C. G. Eilers et al., IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 36, No. 1, Mar. 1990.|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5453796 *||Jun 28, 1994||Sep 26, 1995||Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc.||Signal swap apparatus for a television receiver having an HDTV main picture signal processor and an NTSC Pix-in-Pix signal processor|
|US5461427 *||Jun 28, 1994||Oct 24, 1995||Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc.||Television receiver having the capability to associate any HDTV and any NTSC channel|
|US5532748 *||Mar 31, 1995||Jul 2, 1996||Matsushita Electric Corporation Of America||Hybrid analog/digital television transmission system|
|US5563664 *||Jan 5, 1994||Oct 8, 1996||Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.||Pre-frame-comb as well as pre-line-comb partial-response filtering of BPSK buried in a TV signal|
|US5646698 *||Sep 6, 1996||Jul 8, 1997||Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.||Pre-frame-comb as well as "pre-line-comb" partial-response filtering of BPSK buried in a TV signal|
|US5799037 *||Sep 27, 1996||Aug 25, 1998||David Sarnoff Research Center Inc.||Receiver capable of demodulating multiple digital modulation formats|
|US5805242 *||Mar 13, 1995||Sep 8, 1998||Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc.||Carrier independent timing recovery system for a vestigial sideband modulated signal|
|US5835532 *||Mar 13, 1995||Nov 10, 1998||Rca Thomson Licensing Corporation||Blind equalizer for a vestigial sideband signal|
|US5894334 *||Mar 13, 1995||Apr 13, 1999||Rca Thomson Licensing Corporation||Carrier recovery system for a vestigial sideband signal|
|US5946047 *||Mar 12, 1997||Aug 31, 1999||Hybrid Networks, Inc.||Network system for handling digital data over a TV channel|
|US5946048 *||Mar 12, 1997||Aug 31, 1999||Hybrid Networks, Inc.||Network device for handling digital data over a TV channel|
|US6005640 *||Sep 27, 1996||Dec 21, 1999||Sarnoff Corporation||Multiple modulation format television signal receiver system|
|US6433835||Apr 17, 1998||Aug 13, 2002||Encamera Sciences Corporation||Expanded information capacity for existing communication transmission systems|
|US6618096 *||Sep 29, 1997||Sep 9, 2003||Scientific-Atlanta, Inc.||System and method for adaptively balancing quadrature modulators for vestigial-sideband generation|
|US7088202||Aug 2, 2005||Aug 8, 2006||Rfstream Corporation||Methods and apparatus for an improved discrete LC filter|
|US7102465||Jan 21, 2005||Sep 5, 2006||Rfstream Corporation||Frequency discrete LC filter bank|
|US7116961||May 29, 2003||Oct 3, 2006||Rfstream Corporation||Image rejection quadratic filter|
|US7180942||Dec 20, 2002||Feb 20, 2007||Dotcast, Inc.||Joint adaptive optimization of soft decision device and feedback equalizer|
|US7183880||Oct 7, 2005||Feb 27, 2007||Rfstream Corporation||Discrete inductor bank and LC filter|
|US7199844 *||Sep 30, 2002||Apr 3, 2007||Rfstream Corporation||Quadratic nyquist slope filter|
|US7327406||Oct 16, 2002||Feb 5, 2008||Rfstream Corporation||Methods and apparatus for implementing a receiver on a monolithic integrated circuit|
|US7333153||Aug 9, 2002||Feb 19, 2008||Dotcast, Inc.||Expanded information capacity for existing communication transmission systems|
|US7333155 *||Jun 5, 2003||Feb 19, 2008||Rfstream Corporation||Quadratic video demodulation with baseband nyquist filter|
|US7358795||Mar 10, 2006||Apr 15, 2008||Rfstream Corporation||MOSFET temperature compensation current source|
|US7446631||Mar 10, 2006||Nov 4, 2008||Rf Stream Corporation||Radio frequency inductive-capacitive filter circuit topology|
|US7580482||Feb 19, 2004||Aug 25, 2009||Endres Thomas J||Joint, adaptive control of equalization, synchronization, and gain in a digital communications receiver|
|US7782973 *||Apr 2, 2002||Aug 24, 2010||Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd||Apparatus and method for transporting/receiving data in a CDMA mobile communication system|
|US8194791||Aug 24, 2009||Jun 5, 2012||Omereen Wireless, Llc||Joint, adaptive control of equalization, synchronization, and gain in a digital communications receiver|
|US8238495 *||Jun 26, 2006||Aug 7, 2012||Stmicroelectronics Sa||Method and apparatus for reducing the interferences between a wideband device and a narrowband interferer|
|US8340229 *||Jun 26, 2006||Dec 25, 2012||Stmicroelectronics Sa||Method and apparatus for reducing the interferences between a wideband device and a narrowband device interfering with the wideband device|
|US9094419 *||Nov 10, 2010||Jul 28, 2015||Netgen Communications, Inc.||Real-time facsimile transmission over a packet network|
|US9247207 *||Nov 12, 2004||Jan 26, 2016||Arris Enterprises, Inc.||System to provide index and metadata for content on demand|
|US20020180891 *||Apr 10, 2002||Dec 5, 2002||Cyber Operations, Llc||System and method for preconditioning analog video signals|
|US20030031233 *||Apr 2, 2002||Feb 13, 2003||Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.||Apparatus and method for transporting/receiving data in a CDMA mobile communication system|
|US20030112370 *||Sep 18, 2002||Jun 19, 2003||Chris Long||Adaptive expanded information capacity for communications systems|
|US20030132455 *||Oct 16, 2002||Jul 17, 2003||Kimitake Utsunomiya||Methods and apparatus for implementing a receiver on a monolithic integrated circuit|
|US20030140351 *||Sep 25, 2002||Jul 24, 2003||Hoarty W. Leo||Cable television system compatible bandwidth upgrade using embedded digital channels|
|US20030219085 *||Dec 17, 2002||Nov 27, 2003||Endres Thomas J.||Self-initializing decision feedback equalizer with automatic gain control|
|US20030223017 *||Sep 30, 2002||Dec 4, 2003||Kimitake Utsunomiya||Quadratic nyquist slope filter|
|US20040008765 *||Dec 20, 2002||Jan 15, 2004||Wonzoo Chung||Joint adaptive optimization of soft decision device and feedback equalizer|
|US20040095513 *||Jun 5, 2003||May 20, 2004||Takatsugu Kamata||Quadratic video demodulation with baseband nyquist filter|
|US20040100588 *||Aug 9, 2002||May 27, 2004||Hartson Ted E.||Expanded information capacity for existing communication transmission systems|
|US20040190649 *||Feb 19, 2004||Sep 30, 2004||Endres Thomas J.||Joint, adaptive control of equalization, synchronization, and gain in a digital communications receiver|
|US20050143039 *||May 29, 2003||Jun 30, 2005||Takatsugu Kamata||Image rejection quadratic filter|
|US20050190013 *||Jan 21, 2005||Sep 1, 2005||Kimitake Utsunomiya||Frequency discrete LC filter bank|
|US20050264376 *||Aug 2, 2005||Dec 1, 2005||Takatsugu Kamata||Methods and apparatus for an improved discrete LC filter|
|US20060208832 *||Mar 10, 2006||Sep 21, 2006||Takatsuga Kamata||Radio frequency inductive-capacitive filter circuit topology|
|US20060214723 *||Mar 10, 2006||Sep 28, 2006||Takatsugu Kamata||MOSFET temperature compensation current source|
|US20060217095 *||Mar 10, 2006||Sep 28, 2006||Takatsuga Kamata||Wideband tuning circuit|
|US20080205491 *||Jun 26, 2006||Aug 28, 2008||Friedbert Berens||Method and Apparatus for Reducing the Interferences Between a Wideband Device and a Narrowband Interferer|
|US20080205544 *||Jun 26, 2006||Aug 28, 2008||Friedbert Berens||Method and Apparatus for Reducing the Interferences Between a Wideband Device and a Narrowband Device Interfering with the Wideband Device|
|US20090070836 *||Nov 12, 2004||Mar 12, 2009||Broadband Royalty Corporation||System to provide index and metadata for content on demand|
|US20100061488 *||Mar 11, 2010||Endres Thomas J|
|US20110038438 *||Feb 17, 2011||Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.||Apparatus and method for transporting/receiving data in a cdma mobile communication system|
|US20110109936 *||May 12, 2011||Coffee Michael B||Real-Time Facsimile Transmission Over a Packet Network|
|US20110166968 *||Jun 16, 2010||Jul 7, 2011||Richard Yin-Ching Houng||System and method for activating display device feature|
|USRE42558||Feb 20, 2009||Jul 19, 2011||Omereen Wireless, Llc||Joint adaptive optimization of soft decision device and feedback equalizer|
|DE4325032B4 *||Jul 26, 1993||Aug 27, 2009||General Electric Co.||Anordnung zur Aufteilung digitaler Fernsehdaten|
|EP0892509A2 *||Jul 15, 1998||Jan 20, 1999||Sony Corporation||Communication method, transmitter, receiver, and cellular radio communication system|
|WO1998041018A1 *||Mar 11, 1998||Sep 17, 1998||Hybrid Networks Inc||Network system using tv channel data transmission scheme|
|WO1998041019A1 *||Mar 11, 1998||Sep 17, 1998||Hybrid Networks Inc||Network device for receiving digital data over tv channel|
|U.S. Classification||348/484, 375/E07.002, 348/E05.108, 348/E11.005, 348/473|
|International Classification||H04N5/44, H04L1/00, H04N7/08, H04N7/015, H04N7/12, H04N7/081, H04N11/24|
|Cooperative Classification||H04L5/0064, H04L27/364, H04N5/4401, H04L2001/0098, H04N11/008|
|European Classification||H04N21/438M, H04N21/2383, H04N5/44N, H04N11/00H6|
|Feb 4, 1991||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORP. OF NEW YORK, NEW
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:WHITE, HUGH E.;REEL/FRAME:005595/0875
Effective date: 19910130
|Jun 26, 1997||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 5, 2001||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 6, 2005||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12