I Why study models of management?
To understand a more complex reality
As a metaphor
Help to explain the past which
Helps one to understand the present
To predict the Future which leads
More influence over future events
Many variables impact on performance of management. Ref Boddy & Paton p.42 Handy’s chart.
Gareth Morgan’s organisational images:
Developed by Quinn to show relationship between different models and the contrasting values that lie behind them.
Four broad groups of models;
Rational Goal Models
Internal Process Models
Human Relations Models
Open Systems Models
Productivity / Accomplishments
Direction of Goal clarity
goes back to the Industrial revolution
Incomes were low
Price major difference
Work organisation craft approach
Division of labour. (Adam Smith pin manufacturers in Glasgow – get the point! (Babbage….. inventor of the first computer?)
From ‘outworkers’ to ‘factory groupimgs’
2. Taylor’s Perspective
American mechanical engineer. Looked at interface between the worker and the machine
Primarily concerned with worker efficiency (output)
Treated workers as ‘programmable machines’
Ideas greatly influenced organisations in the 1920s and 1930s. Tremendous process economies e.g. Car assembly time at Ford was reduced from 700 hours to 93 minutes BUT at great human cost
Promoted the development of scientific management
Frank Gilbreth – concentrated on task efficiency
Lillian Gilbreth – on psychological aspects of management
Originated in early 1940s in the UK War Department……..early computers e.g. Enigma Machine at Bletchley park.
Produces models to help managers (often mathematical ones)
Dangers – assumptions built-in to the models may become outdated quickly in times of discontinuous change
Hales general principles (1993)
Modern day example: Bank staff
Stability / Control
Documentation & Information management
The rulemaker – people expected to follow rules and not personal judgement
Six characteristics of bureaucratic management:
Weber believed that scientific management techniques and bureaucratic management were complimentary. He stressed the importance of manpower planning…. Structuring of career development
Pros & cons……………………..Good rules/Bad rules.
Administrative management – use of institutions and order rather than personal qualities.
Fayol’s 14 management principles:
Modern day example: McDonald’s
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