|Publication number||US6893414 B2|
|Application number||US 10/218,106|
|Publication date||May 17, 2005|
|Filing date||Aug 12, 2002|
|Priority date||Aug 12, 2002|
|Also published as||CA2495925A1, CA2495925C, EP1545649A2, EP1545649A4, US7163521, US7462163, US20040030281, US20040260231, US20070073268, US20070078381, WO2004014459A2, WO2004014459A3|
|Publication number||10218106, 218106, US 6893414 B2, US 6893414B2, US-B2-6893414, US6893414 B2, US6893414B2|
|Inventors||E. Marlowe Goble, Mark E. Howard, Jeffrey T. Mason, T. Wade Fallin|
|Original Assignee||Breg, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (53), Classifications (19), Legal Events (11)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
1. The Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the post-surgical treatment of closed wounds and specifically to methods and systems for concurrent aspiration and infusion of a wound site to manage pain, swelling, bleeding and infection.
2. The Relevant Technology
One of the most difficult aspects of enduring a major surgical procedure is coping with the post-operative pain and swelling. Commonly, opioid analgesics, sometimes referred to as narcotics, are administered post-operatively to counter the pain associated with wound healing and recovery. However, the use of systemic opioid analgesics, whether administered by oral, intramuscular, or intravenous methods, includes a host of possible undesirable side effects, including: respiratory depression, renal function depression, nausea, constipation, ataxia, confusion, sweating, and itching. The length of hospital stay for patients undergoing a major surgical procedure is, in part, determined by the need to monitor and control the side effects of systemically administered opioid analgesics.
More recently, infusion pumps have been used to percutaneously deliver local anesthetics directly to the surgical wound. Thus, many of the undesirable side effects of systemic opioid analgesics are avoided. Furthermore, medication dosage is considerably less than systemic delivery since the medication is delivered directly to the affected site. However, contemporary percutaneous pain medication infusion pumps do not provide consistent relief of pain.
Another challenge associated with percutaneous pain medication infusion pumps is the need to concurrently address edema, or fluid build-up and swelling, at the wound site. Aspiration of excess fluid has been attempted by the use of a separate and discrete percutaneous catheter connected to a vacuum source. However, concurrent use of a pain medication infusion pump and an aspiration catheter creates two significant compromises to the patient. First, two percutaneous catheters, one for the aspiration catheter and one for the infusion pump, potentially doubles the risk of infection since two percutaneous tracts are maintained. Second, an aspiration catheter coupled with an active vacuum source that is designed for the removal of fluid build-up tends to remove the infused pain medication before it has effectively produced the desired local anesthetic effect.
Various embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope.
In general, integrated infusion and aspiration system 35 comprises a catheter assembly 20 coupled with a flow control system 19. Viewed as a whole, catheter assembly 20 has a proximal section 21, an opposing distal section 22, and a middle section 23 extending therebetween. More specifically, catheter assembly 20 comprises an infusion catheter 10 and an aspiration catheter 15. Infusion catheter 10 comprises a proximal section 40, an opposing distal section 42, and a middle section 44 (see
Aspiration catheter 15 comprises a proximal section 50, an opposing distal section 52, and a middle section 54 extending therebetween. Distal section 52 terminates at a distal end tip 12. Aspiration catheter 15 bounds a second lumen 56 (FIG. 2) that extends along the length thereof and exits through an end port 27 at distal end tip 12. A plurality of spaced apart side ports 11 extend through aspiration catheter 15 at distal section 52 so as to communicate with second lumen 56. As with infusion catheter 10, the plurality of side ports 11 can be eliminated or replaced with one or more side ports 11. Furthermore, side ports 11 can be spaced laterally and/or radially.
In one embodiment, the plurality of ports of infusion catheter 10 and aspiration catheter 15 each have a predetermined number and a predetermined spacing, the number and spacing of the plurality of ports on infusion catheter 10 being substantially the same as the number and spacing of the plurality of ports on aspiration catheter 15. In other embodiments, the number and/or spacing of the ports on the infusion catheter 10 and aspiration catheter 15 can be different.
In the embodiment of catheter assembly 20 shown in
Infusion catheter 10 travels distally within second lumen 56 and exits aspiration catheter 15 through end port 27 at distal end tip 12. Thus, as shown in
It is noted that the outer diameter of infusion catheter 10 is smaller than the inner diameter of aspiration catheter 15 so that fluid is free to flow within second lumen 56 of aspiration catheter 15. Furthermore, this arrangement provides the advantage of protecting infusion catheter 10 from possible kinking or pinching when is it positioned internal to the more substantially larger sized aspiration catheter 15. Another advantage of this arrangement is that by positioning infusion catheter 10 within aspiration catheter 15, only a single tract through the skin is required to pass both catheters 10 and 15 from an extracorporeal site to the internal wound site.
Continuing with the embodiment of catheter assembly 20 shown in
As shown in
The infusion solution used by the present invention can contain a number of different medications to best address the post surgical concerns of the wound. For example, the infusion solution can contain, separately or in combination, an analgesic agent, an anesthetic agent, an antibiotic, an antiseptic, an anticoagulant, or an anti-inflammatory. Thus, in addition to pain relief provided by analgesic and anesthetic agents, concurrent prophylactic treatment for infection and treatment to reduce swelling can be achieved by including an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory in the infusion solution.
Pumps 2 and 4 can be any standard pump known by those skilled in the art, such as a squeeze bulb, syringe, syringe pump, syringe plunger, centrifugal pump, persistaltic pump, diaphragm pump, screw pump, IV pump, or the like. The flow controls 5 and 6 can be any standard flow control device known to those skilled in the art, such as an orifice, capillary tube, or valve. Valves include solenoid valves, servo valves, and flow restricting valves, such as a needle valve, gate valve, pinch valve, and the like. Connected to pump 2 is a power source 7, and connected to pump 4 is a power source 8. Power sources 7 and 8 can be selected from a number of power sources known by those skilled in the art, including manual actuation, spring, dc motor, ac motor, and the like.
When the power sources 7 and 8 and flow controls 5 and 6 are passive devices, such as a spring or orifice, a separate controller is not required. However, when the power sources 7 and 8 and/or flow controls 5 and 6 are not passive, a controller 9 is connected thereto. Controller 9 is generally electronic, and preferably controller 9 is a microprocessor based control device.
In one embodiment, reservoirs 1 and 3, pumps 2 and 4, flow controls 5 and 6, powers sources 7 and 8 and controller 9 collectively comprise flow control system 19. Although
In this configuration, the syringe plunger is initially drawn back relative to the syringe barrel so as to fill the syringe barrel with a desired solution. In so doing, the resilient spring is stretched so that there is a constant force attempting to drive the syringe plunger back into the syringe barrel and, in turn, discharge the solution therefrom. The syringe barrel is connected in fluid communication with the proximal section of infusion catheter 10. Accordingly, the solution is passed from the syringe barrel, through infusion catheter 10, and out through ports 16, 26. The solenoid valve is disposed so as to selectively control the flow of solution from the syringe barrel into the infusion catheter.
Continuing with the example, flow control 6 is an adjustable flow restricting valve, such as a pinch valve, aspiration reservoir 3 is a syringe barrel, pump 4 is a syringe plunger, and power source 8 is a spring positioned between the syringe barrel and the syringe plunger. In this embodiment, the spring is compressed as the syringe plunger is pressed into the syringe barrel. The syringe barrel is in fluid communication with the proximal section of aspiration catheter 15. In this configuration, the spring produces a constant force seeking to push the syringe plunger out of the syringe barrel. As the syringe plunger is pushed out of the syringe barrel by the spring, a relative vacuum is produced which causes fluid to be sucked into aspiration catheter 15 through ports 11, 27 and into the syringe barrel.
Controller 9 is connected to the flow control 5 and the flow control 6, but not to power sources 7 and 8 since they are passive devices. Controller 9 is a microprocessor with embedded firmware that selectively opens and closes the flow control 5, the solenoid valve, and also increases or decreases the flow rate through partial actuation of flow control 6, the pinch valve.
An alternative configuration for flow control system 19 is comprised of the same selections as above, except that flow control 5 is an orifice that creates a flow rate proportional to the fluid pressure. Furthermore, the controller 9 is only connected to flow control 6, since flow control 5 is, in this instance, a passive device. With this configuration, a relatively constant flow rate of the infusion solution is achieved while the aspiration flow rate can be increased or decreased based the amount and time of accumulation of the infusion solution at the wound site.
As discussed above, during operation catheter assembly 20 is inserted through a single incisions 62 in the skin so that at least a portion of ports 11, 27 and 16, 26 are positioned on opposing sides of an internal wound site. In one embodiment, the ports 11, 27 and 16, 26 and corresponding catheters are disposed outside of a blood vessel. Catheter assembly 20 is coupled with flow control system 19. In one method of operation, fluid control system 19 administers at set periodic intervals a dose of infusion solution to infusion catheter 10. The dose of infusion solution passes through infusion catheter 10 and out through ports 16, 26 to one side of the wound site.
Simultaneously with the infusion of the dose, and for a predetermined time period thereafter, flow control system 19 draws fluid on the opposite side of the wound site into aspiration catheter 15 by way of ports 11, 27 at a first flow rate. Ports 16, 26 and ports 11, 27 are positioned so that aspiration of fluid by aspiration catheter 15 causes the infused dose to uniformly travel over the wound site. At the conclusion of the predetermined time period following the infusion, fluid is drawn into aspiration catheter 15 at a second flow rate, the second flow rate being faster than the first flow rate. When the next dose of infusion solution is administered, the flow rate in aspiration catheter 15 is again lowered to the first flow rate and the process is repeated.
Although not required, in one method of operation the flow in aspiration catheter 15 is never interrupted, i.e., is continuous, throughout the repeated periodic infusion of the infusion solution. This is because a standing fluid column of blood and other body fluids is likely to coagulate, thereby clogging the aspiration catheter 15.
By way of example of the operation process, in the case of the administration of a local anesthetic, such as lidocaine, bupivacaine, or ropivicaine, the dose is between about 0.5 cc and about 4 cc. The set periodic interval between administration of the doses is approximately one hour. The first flow rate at which fluid is drawn into aspiration catheter 15 during administration of the dose and the predetermined time period thereafter is between about 10% to about 30% of the dose per hour. The predetermined time period at which the aspiration catheter 15 operates at the first flow rate following infusion is equal to or longer than the time required for the medications in the infusion solution to effectively treat the wound. As such, the length of the predetermined time period is typically between about 5 minutes to about 15 minutes. Following the predetermined time period but prior to administration of the next dose, the flow rate in the aspiration catheter is controlled at a rate generally between about 4 cc/hr and about 50 cc/hr, and preferably between about 10 cc/hr and about 30 cc/hr.
The above method of operation provides a resident time for the infusion solution that allows the infusion solution to effectively treat the wound, and thereafter the infusion solution along with other accumulated body fluids are rapidly evacuated from the wound site to reduce swelling and to ameliorate associated pain.
In an alternative method of operation, each dose is delivered over an extended period of time such that aspiration catheter 10 aspirates at the first flow rate during infusion of a discrete dose and then immediately aspirates at the second flow rate upon completion of infusing that dose. As such, there is no delay, i.e, “predetermined time period,” between completion of the infusion and changing the aspiration to the second flow rate. This alternative method of operation is an advantage where low pressure injections are necessary to prevent disruption of delicate internal structures that are starting to heal. Although less efficient in some situations, it is also appreciated that aspiration can be changed to the increased second flow rate prior to completion of infusion of a discrete dose.
In yet another alternate method of operation, the infusion solution is delivered at a relatively constant flow rate. In the case of the administration of a local anesthetic, such as lidocaine, bupivacaine, or ropivicaine, the flow rate of the infusion solution is preferably between about 0.5 cc/hr and about 4.0 cc/hr. The flow rate within aspiration catheter 15 is cycled between a low flow rate, generally at a rate between 10% and 30% of the infusion solution flow rate, and a high flow rate, generally between 4 cc/hr and 50 cc/hr, and preferably between 10 cc/hr and 30 cc/hr. The cycle for the low flow rate generally endures for 15 to 30 minutes, and the low flow rate cycle generally repeats approximately every 60 minutes. Thus, this alternate method of operation provides for a period time when the flow rate within infusion catheter 10 is higher than the flow rate within aspiration catheter 15, thus creating an accumulation of the infusion solution so that it may effectively treat the wound.
As previously, mentioned, contemporary percutaneous pain medication infusion pumps do not provide consistent relief of pain. It is theorized that this is because the medication that egresses from the percutaneous catheter is not fully bathing the entire volume of the wound site. Many of these infusion devices rely on very low flow rates of 0.5 cc to 4.0 cc per hour, and localized pooling of the medication can occur, leaving other portions of the wound untouched by the pain medication.
Based on the foregoing, integrated percutaneous infusion and aspiration system 35 takes advantage of the presence of a relative negative pressure source, or vacuum, provided within aspiration catheter 15. The negative pressure created by aspiration catheter is used in the present invention to control the flow of the infusion solution as it egresses from infusion catheter 10 so as to cause the infusion solution to perfuse the entire wound site as it travels toward aspiration catheter 15. The multitude of ports on both infusion catheter 10 and aspiration catheter 15 provide an array of opposing egress and ingress sites such that cross flow can be created between the two catheters to fully bathe the wound site with the infusion solution.
Furthermore, although not required, by integrating infusion catheter 10 with aspiration catheter 15, catheter assembly 20 can be efficiently and cleanly inserted into a single percutaneous tract to the wound. As a result, further incisions are not required and the potential for infection is minimized.
Furthermore, as discussed above, to achieve the desired flow of the infusion solution across the wound and the desired residency time of the infusion solution, a coordinated operation of the infusion and aspiration catheters has been developed. The flow rate within the aspiration and infusion catheters are controlled and synchronized to ensure that the infusion solution is not evacuated too quickly and to further ensure that the flow in the aspiration catheter is uninterrupted in order to minimize the potential for clot formations within the aspiration catheter that might otherwise clog the aspiration catheter.
Flow control system 19 can be connected to a number of different embodiments of catheter assembly 20. Alternate embodiments of catheter assembly 20 are shown in
Finally, depicted in
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Thus the described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
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|U.S. Classification||604/27, 604/40, 604/43|
|International Classification||A61M27/00, A61M25/00, A61M1/00|
|Cooperative Classification||A61M2025/018, A61M25/0021, A61M1/0058, A61M1/0037, A61M27/00, A61M2025/0039, A61M2025/0004, A61M25/007, A61M1/0023, A61M2025/0037|
|European Classification||A61M25/00T10C, A61M1/00H, A61M27/00|
|Oct 1, 2002||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: BREG, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GOBLE, E. MARLOWE;HOWARD, MARK E.;MASON, JEFFREY T.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:013357/0748
Effective date: 20020909
|Mar 5, 2004||AS||Assignment|
|Jan 17, 2006||CC||Certificate of correction|
|May 11, 2006||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: BREG, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: TERMINATION OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:017596/0625
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|Oct 9, 2006||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS ADMINISTRA
Free format text: NOTICE OF GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BREG INC.;REEL/FRAME:018362/0602
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Owner name: BREG, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: TERMINATION OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENTS;ASSIGNOR:WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:020679/0626
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|Apr 29, 2008||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: LMA NORTH AMERICA, INC., CALIFORNIA
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Effective date: 20080317
|Oct 23, 2008||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 31, 2012||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|May 17, 2013||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Jul 9, 2013||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20130517