This grant provided partial support for an international meeting on Synaptic Transmission as part of the Gordon Research Conference series held at the University of New England campus in Biddeford, Maine during the week of July 25-30, 2010. The broad and long term goal of the conference was to increase our understanding of the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms of synaptic transmission. The synapse serves as the basic signaling unit of the nervous system. Synaptic transmission underlies every aspect of brain function and is relevant to most neurological diseases. This meeting convened over 30 speakers, representing critical areas of synaptic transmission research, with a total of 140 participants for a five day conference in a relatively isolated setting. The program had two keynote lectures and eight sessions that broadly addressed current issues in transmitter release, postsynaptic signaling and receptor trafficking, short- and long-term plasticity, trans-synaptic signaling, synaptic integration and circuits, local protein synthesis and synaptic function, and a session devoted to the synaptic basis of brain disorders. In addition, two evening poster sessions allowed all participants to contribute to these topics. The Gordon Research Conference on Synaptic Transmission is a critical component of the yearly series of conferences that propel research in the international community of "synaptologists." This conference focused on defining the questions that require experimental resolution of a wide range of devastating brain disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and many others, which can collectively be regarded as synaptopathies.