|Publication number||US7440925 B2|
|Application number||US 10/716,471|
|Publication date||Oct 21, 2008|
|Filing date||Nov 20, 2003|
|Priority date||Apr 17, 2001|
|Also published as||EP1251424A2, EP1251424A3, US6868398, US6889204, US7574559, US20020152143, US20030195826, US20040107148, US20050171929, US20050177548|
|Publication number||10716471, 716471, US 7440925 B2, US 7440925B2, US-B2-7440925, US7440925 B2, US7440925B2|
|Inventors||Akemi Sanada, Hideo Tabuchi, Toshio Nakano, Sajio Ishizuki, Isamu Kage|
|Original Assignee||Hitachi, Ltd.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (2), Classifications (20), Legal Events (1)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 09/987,815, filed Nov. 16, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,868,398. This application is related to U.S. Ser. No. 10/422,955, filed Apr. 25, 2003.
The present invention relates to a storage system, more specifically, to a charging method based on the used volume of the storage system, the reduced initial investment for a storage system, and easy volume addition of the storage system, and to a storage system for realizing the charging method.
With the rapid spread of Internet, the amount of data has been increased suddenly in the computer network market, and opportunities to add a storage system also have risen sharply in order to store the enormous data. A solution which can supply volumes timely to an abrupt demand for volumes centering on IDC (Internet Data Center), the so-called storage on-demand has been desired.
Each time the volume of a storage system is required, it has been necessary to perform a system adding operation. The system adding operation includes maintenance of power source equipment, ensuring of installing space, planning of an introduction schedule, supply and installation of a system, connection test, and delivery of the system to a user. A great deal of time and funds are required, so that the system cannot be easily added.
To reduce the number of addition times, a high-capacity storage system may be introduced at first. To do this, however, this increases the initial introduction cost which is a problem to a user who does not have enough funds. As a known example to such a problem, there is a function of IBM's “ESS capacity upgrade on-demand”.
In this function, in addition to the disk volume to be needed initially, an added disk volume (the capacity upgrade on-demand) is mounted for shipment, so that a user can use the added disk volume whenever necessary. A server processor additionally mounted is extended to enable the added disk volume to be used. The storage on-demand function has the merit of instantly adding and using the excessive added disk on customer demand. After introduction, however, a volume for the capacity upgrade on-demand must be purchased within one year.
The customer judges that a disk must be really added, not when the used disk is actually insufficient, but when the unused area of the usable disk is not enough. Naturally, there may be the case that disk addition is instructed when the total unused area is used and added data cannot be written. Since the system, which has already been in a state that data cannot be written thereinto, cannot be operated substantially, the case is late as the timing to add a disk. A system manager must always grasp the system state and sequentially add a disk to the area to be insufficient by the disk on-demand.
The disk on-demand solves the speed problem in that the adding operation can be efficient. In an aspect of a prior investment to be performed by predicting that storage data will be increased in the future, the problem how the wasteful prior investment is avoided still remains. Reduction of the added disk volume may be considered. In this case, however, addition opportunities are increased, which may easily exert some influence onto the system's long-time continuous stable operation. Charging opportunities by the disk on-demand are increased so as to provide a complex fee system.
To solve the foregoing problems, an object of the present invention is to find a disk addition provision method in order to avoid a wasteful prior investment. Specifically, the object of the present invention is to provide a method in which an owner of a storage system rents the storage system to a user and charges for the used volume of the user for a fixed period, wherein timely volume addition corresponding to the user's addition needs is easily provided to the user for a short time, and a wasteful prior investment is reduced.
Another object of the present invention is to review the volume construction and the charged cost of a storage system on a fixed period basis, to enable addition of optimal hardware such as a disk and a cache memory at the point, and to optimally set the hardware construction.
To achieve these objects, in the present invention, the volume of the storage system can be divided into a basic supplied volume charged for a volume supplied initially to a user (hereinafter, called an initial introduction volume) and an excessive used volume charged for a volume actually used by the user in excess of the basic supplied volume (hereinafter, called an added volume). The storage system has a disk volume, a cache volume, and other elements to construct the storage system more than the user's increase intension, and the user borrows it. An owner of the storage system charges to the user the basic supplied volume and the excessive used volume. Charging for the basic supplied volume is uniform irrespective of the user's actually-used volume. The excessive used volume is charged for the user's used volume for a fixed period.
The initial introduction volume needed by the user is charged from introduction. Charging for the volume more than the increase intension is started to the user's actually-used volume. The unused volume is charged based on a previously concluded contract
For this reason, the storage system has means for allowing the owner to grasp that the user starts using the system. In addition, the storage system has means for expanding a used area corresponding to the user's storage system increase intension and means for recognizing the expanded volume.
Further, in the present invention, a disk volume, a cache volume, and other elements to construct the storage system used by the user of the storage system can be expanded into a given period by an arrangement with the user on a fixed period basis within the range of the volume to be added which is previously mounted on the storage system.
Furthermore, in the present invention, in the case that hardware constructing the storage system rented to the user by the owner is doubled, the main side charges for the normal fee and the sub side charges for a cost lower than that of the main side, so as to reduce the user's investment cost to the storage system.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described hereinbelow with reference to the drawings.
The management part 14 of the storage system 10 has a table for managing on-demand flag information. The on-demand flag is reset so as to increase the usable volume. The owner of the storage system 10 uses the operation part 15 at shipment of the system to set an on-demand flag on a given logical volume basis to the disk drive 12 and rents the system 10. The management unit is not limited to the logical volume, and may be an RAID group, a physical volume, or an address.
In the on-demand volume, all the logical volumes to which the on-demand flags are set are managed. The on-demand flag attributes are all “Set” at shipment, and are recorded into the management table as “Reset” when the flag is reset. Once this flag is reset, the initial state cannot be returned. When the flag is reset, the reset date and time to the second are recorded into the management table. Items managed by the table may be volume numbers in place of the on-demand volume, or may include identification information inherent to the user and system use periods.
The operation part 15 shown in
Notification of the flag reset can be realized by operating the program for that purpose by means of the storage controller 13 of the storage system 10. The dedicated program in part or in whole may be mounted on the information processor of the user side information display terminal and perform reset control via a network. With
The program in the storage controller 13 refers to the on-demand flag management table when the user resets the flag. When in the usable state (the set state), the on-demand flag is reset so that an event occurs. At this time, the management part 14 of the storage system 10 records an on-demand flag attribute and reset time targeted for management information by resetting the on-demand flag. (Step sa1)
With the event of the management part 14, the operation part 15 of the storage system 10 notifies the information that the user resets the flag to start using the on-demand volume to the owner's information display terminal 30 through the line 20. The notification means may be an infrastructure only for this charging system or may use the existing system failure report infrastructure. The notified information may include information managed by the table such as reset time, reset volume, reset volume number, and setting information including identification information inherent to the storage system 10. (STEP sa2)
The information display terminal 30 receives the notification, and the used volume display part 31 displays the used volume information of the user. (STEP sa3).
The information flow with the event of resetting the on-demand flag is described above. When the owner of the storage system wishes to know the use state, the owner can inquire the state.
The information display terminal 30 accesses the storage system 10 through the line 20 to inquire on-demand flag information. (STEP sb1)
The operation part 15 of the storage system 10 inquired by the information display terminal 30 collects on-demand flag information from the management table of the management part 14 and sends the information to the information display terminal 30 through the line 20. (STEP sb2) (STEP sb3)
The information display terminal 30 receives the information, and the used volume display part 31 displays the on-demand flag information. (STEP sb4)
Specific examples of the owner and the user of the storage system can be as follows.
(1) An owner is a production and sales maker of the storage system, and a user is a data center operator (IDC (Internet Data Center) or ASP (Application Service Provider).
(2) An owner is a production and sales maker of the storage system, and a user is an end user (a general customer needing storage for actually storing data).
(3) An owner is a data center operator (IDC or ASP), and a user is an end user.
In description of the embodiment of the present invention, this specification describes by assumption that in the case (1), the owner is a production and sales maker of the storage system and the user is a data center operator (IDC or ASP). Other cases can be the same form so that the present invention can be applied. A combination of the owner and user can be other than that of the above cases (1) to (3).
In the case (1), the owner includes a person in charge of service and maintenance and the person in charge of service and maintenance may perform an actual operation. For example, upon the user's request, the person in charge of service and maintenance may substitutably perform an operation for resetting the on-demand flag in the presence of the user.
When in the case (2), the owner is a data center operator and the user is an end user, storage is supplied to plural end users. The used volume must be managed for each of the end users. The management may be performed on a bookkeeping base, or dedicated software can be developed to manage the used volume by the program.
A charged volume 44 is reviewed on the fixed period 51 basis, and a monthly charged cost is decided based on the volume 44 and a predetermined volume unit cost per month. Used percentages α% and α′% indicate ratios of the used volume excluding the initial introduction volume A41 after the fixed period 51 to the added volume B42. In the presence of an unused volume after the fixed period 51, the charging percentage to the unused volume is β%.
In the charged volume 44, when it is confirmed that the whole added volume B42 is used after the fixed period 51 elapses, the initial introduction volume A41 and the whole added volume B42 are charged. When there is an unused volume of the existing added volume B42 after the fixed period 51 elapses, the total percentage obtained by adding “the used percentage α% at the point” to “a value obtained by multiplying the unused percentage of the added volume B42 by a certain percentage β%” is charged for the next fixed period 51. The initial introduction volume A41 is also charged. After the fixed period 51 elapses, the added volume B42 for the next fixed period 51 is added. In the same manner, the added volume B42 added is not charged for the next fixed period 51, and is charged after the next fixed period 51 elapses.
The volume construction and the charged cost are reviewed on the fixed period basis. The user can add optimal hardware at the point. For example, a large-volume disk or a large-volume cache memory which has not been produced at the contract can be mounted.
In this embodiment, in
In the present invention, the owner and the user of the storage system make a volume plan for several years since supply of the system and conclude a renting and borrowing contract of the storage system. By way of example, in a three-year volume plan, the initial introduction volume A41 is 1 TB, the volume and cost review period 51 is 6 months, and the added volume B42 on a fixed period 51 (6 months) basis is 1 TB. When there is an unused volume after the fixed period 51 (6 months) elapses, the charging percentage to the unused volume is 20%. Assuming that the user uses the storage system for at least 3 years, it is desirable to conclude the contract. At the contract, a monthly charged cost is decided. At this time, 1 TB of the initial introduction volume A41 as a charged volume is charged for at least 12 months. 1 TB of the added volume B42 is not charged for first 6 months after introduction regardless of whether the added volume B42 is used or unused. It is charged after 6 months elapse. (STEP S1).
The user orders to the owner of the storage system a storage system having a total volume of 2 TB of the initial introduction volume 1 TB and the added volume 1 TB for the next 6 months. The owner who has received the order ships a system of the construction for setup and rents it to the user. At this time, the owner constructs and sets the system so that the user automatically notifies the user starting of the added volume. For rental, the storage system includes, not only a disk drive, but also hardware required for the next 6 months (a disk drive, a housing mounting the disk drive, a cache memory and other components to construct the storage system such as a storage medium, a controller, a host interface, a relay between the storage systems). (STEP S2)
The user starts using the storage system, and the owner starts charging for the storage system. For the first fixed period 51 (6 months), 1 TB of the initial introduction volume A41 is a charged volume. (STEP S3)
The used volume of the user can be expanded into a given period by the user within the range of 1 TB of the previously-mounted added volume B42. When the previously-mounted added volume is started to use, the on-demand flag may be reset. The storage system has means for notifying to the owner that the user starts using the added volume B42. When the user resets the on-demand flag, the use starting information is notified to the owner, and the owner can recognize the use starting. The user uses the operation panel connected to the storage system to display the used volume, and can always confirm the used volume. (STEP S4) (STEP S5)
When the used volume of the fixed volume 51 (6 months) is insufficient in 1 TB of the added volume B42, another addition is performed. The addition including the volume with the added equipment is completed. After completion of this addition, irrespective of the used volume, the initial introduction volume A41 and the added volume B42 are committed as the charged volume for 12 months. The added volume in excess of this is not charged. When it is not insufficient, the use is continued. (STEP S6) (STEP S7) (STEP S8)
Each time the fixed period 41 (6 months) elapses, the charged volume 44 is reviewed.
The owner and the user of the storage system discuss deciding a use fee based on the charged volume 44 and the monthly volume unit cost to conclude a contract to change the use fee. In the charged fee 44, when it is confirmed that the whole 1 TB of the added volume B42 is used after 6 months elapse, the total volume of 2 TB of 1 TB of the initial introduction volume A41 and 1 TB of the added volume B42 is charged. 1 TB of the added volume B42 is added so that the mounted volume of the storage system is 3 TB. (STEP S9) (STEP S10) (STEP S11)
On the other hand, when 1 TB of the existing added volume B42 is not used at all after the fixed period 51 (6 months) elapses, that is, when the used percentage is 0%, a percentage obtained by adding “the used percentage 0% at the point” to “a value obtained by multiplying the unused percentage (100-0) % of the added volume B42 by the charging percentage 20% to the unused volume decided at the contract” is charged to 1 TB of the added volume B42 for the next 6 months. In other words, “1 TB of the initial introduction volume A41”+“1 TB of the added volume B42×(0%+(100-0)%×20%)” makes “1 TB+1 TB×0.2=1.2 TB”.
After the next fixed period 51 (6 months) elapses, when the used percentage is 10% in 1 TB of the exiting added volume B42, the same calculation is performed. The total charged volume for the next 6 months is “the initial introduction volume 1 TB”+“the added volume 1 TB×(10%+(100−10)%×20%)” makes “1 TB+1 TB×0.28=1.28 TB”.
When the unused volume of the added volume B42 is large, addition of a new added volume is not performed in this example. Without being limited to this, it may be decided based on the user's use volume increase intension for the next 6 months.
Thereafter, the user uses the storage system based on a new contract, and the owner charges for the charged volume after review to review it on the fixed period 51 (6 months) basis (STEP S12)
The disk volume is described above as an example. The cache volume and other components to construct the storage system (a housing mounting the disk drive, a storage medium constructing the storage system, a controller, a host interface, and a relay between the storage systems) are reviewed on the fixed period basis and are added for reflection on the charged cost.
The used volume is described with the case that it is charged after the fixed period elapses. Upon notification of the use starting to the owner, the charged cost may be changed. When there is an unused volume after the fixed period elapses, the charging percentage to the unused volume is 20%. This value is arranged between the owner and the user, and the whole unused volume may be charged. The money amount more than the owner's depreciation may be charged to the user as a user's burden. When the user does not use the storage system for the fixed period, the user may accept the storage system assuming that the user pays the corresponding compensation to the owner.
When the hardware constructing the storage system is doubled, the main side charges for the normal fee, and the sub side charges a cost lower than that of the main side. This allows the user to use a reliable storage system at a lower cost.
In other words, maintenance of power source equipment, ensuring of installing space, planning of an introduction schedule, and connection test are unnecessary, so that time can be shortened largely. Labor costs involved in the addition operation are also unneeded.
The storage system 10 is provided with the storage controller 13 connected to a server or a host computer (hereinafter, called a server) and a storage system 110 consisting of a plurality of storage devices 111 for storing data from the server. The storage controller 13 consists of the next control unit or memory in order to control transferring data from the server to the storage system 110. A channel control unit 101 is connected to the server and responds to requests from the server. The channel control unit 101 transfers data transferred from the server to a cache memory 106 and transfers data stored in the cache memory 106 to the server. The channel control unit 101 incorporates a microprocessor (called an MP) 102 for performing these controls. A plurality of the channel control units 101 are mounted so as to be connected to a plurality of servers. A disk control unit 103 controls transferring and storing data from the server stored on the cache memory 106 to the storage device 111 and transferring data stored on the storage device 111 to the cache memory 106. The disk control unit 103 is equipped with a microprocessor 104 (called an MP) for performing these controls. A plurality of the disk control units are provided to expand the storage volume. The disk control unit 103 performs RAID control for making data redundant and storing the same.
The cache memory 106 is connected to the channel control unit 101 and the disk control unit 103. and temporality stores data from the server or data from the storage device 111. A shared memory 107 holds information of all the controls performed by the storage controller. The process is performed while the MPs of the channel control unit 101 or the disk control unit 103 accesses the shared memory 107.
An SVP 108 maintains the storage controller 13 and the storage system 110. In the SVP 108 of a large storage system, a generally used personal computer is used. The SVP 108 is connected to the MPs 102 of the channel control units 101 or the MPs 104 of the disk control units 103, instructs maintenance, and monitors the current failure of the storage controller. The SVP 108 and the MPs 102 and 104 are connected in an internal LAN. The numeral 109 in the drawing denotes a LAN port for connecting the external display terminal.
The relation to correspond the hardware construction of
Using the construction shown in
Here is shown the screen for inputting a product type name 601 and a production number 602 of a product to be confirmed its use state, and a user support ID 603. The user support ID 603 is an ID for identifying the user and is the same as the user ID shown in
Step 304 of
Step 305 of
In step 403, when the request is an addition request, a volume to be added is transmitted from the user's terminal. The volume to be added is sampled. In step 404, the on-demand flag attribute of the management table shown in
In step 405, the addition result including the current latest use state such as the volume increased is sent to the user's terminal 203. In step 406, the addition notification is reported to the owner's terminal 204. Step 407 is executed when the request is a use state inquiry. In step 407, a used volume is calculated based on the user support ID transmitted from the user's terminal 203. In step 408, the calculated result is sent to the user's terminal 203.
According to the present invention, the owner of the storage system can provide easy and timely volume addition to the user's volume increase demand.
Further, according to the present invention, the user of the storage system can reduce the initial investment and greatly shorten time required for volume addition. An opportunity to review the volume construction and the charged cost on a fixed period basis is provided to add optimal hardware at the point.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, the owner of the storage system can promote expansion of the user's used volume and increase frequency. It can be expected that the user's future disk demand and potential volume demand are dug up, leading to business.
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|International Classification||G06F7/00, G06F3/06, G06Q50/00, G06Q30/04, G06Q30/06, G06F9/44|
|Cooperative Classification||G06Q30/04, G06Q30/0645, G06Q30/0283, G06F3/067, G06Q10/0875, G06F3/0644, G06F3/0605|
|European Classification||G06F3/06A6D, G06F3/06A4F6, G06F3/06A2A2, G06Q30/0645, G06Q10/0875, G06Q30/0283|