The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the...
Matrix and the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?
Yeasts can produce ATP by either fermentation or oxidative phosphorylation; this, they are...?
A kilocalorie is defined as...?
The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1 degree Celsius.
Which of the following options lists the stages of cellular respiration in the correct order?
Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
ATP is synthesized when H⁺ ions move through a protein port provided by ATP synthase
Which of the following statements regarding muscle fibers is false?
Training usually converts one type of muscle fiber into another
Which of the following statements regarding fast-twitch muscles is false?
Fast-twitch muscles produce more ATP per glucose than slow-twitch muscles
A mutant protist is found in which some mitochondria lack an inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following pathways would be completely disrupted in these mitochondria?
The label on the box of breakfast cereal lists one serving as containing 200 calories per serving. How many calories are actually in one serving?
A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. However, the muscles still function. Physicians find that....?
The muscles contain large amounts of lactate following even mild physical exercise
Which of the hollowing statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is...?
Lost in the form of heat
When a cell uses fatty acids for aerobic reparation, it first hydrolyzes fats to...
Glycerol and fatty acids
Rotenone is a poison commonly added to insecticides. Insects exposed to rotenone will die because...?
They will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP
A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspects that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit...
The citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
During which of the following phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place?
Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
The mitochondrial cristae are an adaptation that...
Increases the space from more copies of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase complexes.
Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is at partly due to...
the presence of lactate produced during fermentation in muscle cells
In biological systems, an important enzyme involved in the regulation of redox reactions is...
Between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle,
Pyruvate is oxidized while a molecule of NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH
During cellular respiration, electrons move through a series of electron carrier molecules. Which of the following statements about this process is true?
Molecular oxygen is reduced when it accepts electrons and forms water
To obtain energy from starch and glycogen, the body must begin by..
Hydrolyzing both starch and glycogen to glucose
Which of the following statements regarding cellular respiration is false?
Cellular respiration is a single chemical reaction with just one step
The conversion of CO₂ and H₂O into organic compounds using energy from light is called...
They energy yield from the complete anaerobic breakdown of a single molecule of glucose...
Can vary with the mechanism used to shuttle NADH electrons into the mitochondrion
A culture of bacteria growing aerobically is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined. During the citric acid cycle, radioactivity would first appear in...?
The greenhouse effect is...
Reduced by photosynthesis, which removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
Which of the following is a normal process of photosynthesis that could not occur if all reaction centers were inactivated by a toxin?
Donation of excited electrons by Chlorophylla to a primary electron acceptor
What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and the food for the biosphere?
Is an evolutionary relic from when atmosphere O2 levels were low and did not interfere with rubisco.
In photophosphorylation, energy from electron flow is used to transport _________ from the ________ to the thylakoid compartment, generating a concentration gradient of ______.
As a result of the cascade of electrons down the electron transport chain of the light reactions...
NADP+ is reduced to NADPH
According to this figure, how do H+ ions make their way from the stroma to the thylakoid interior?
Through an electron transport chain molecule.
Which of the following has been a major source of ozone destruction over the past 50 years?
List in order the steps of the Calvin Cycle beginning with the entry of CO2.
Fixation, the CO2 gets reduced into 3PGA, G3P is made from the transformation, G3P exits, the ion gets regenerated.
The calvin cycle constructs ________, an energy rich molecule that a plant cell can use to make glucose or other organic molecules.
Mitochondria transfer _____ energy from _______ to ATP; chloroplasts transform ______ energy into the chemical energy of ATP.
The light reactions occur in the _______, while the Calvin Cycle occurs in the ______.
The electrons lost from the reaction center of photosystem 1 are replaced by electrons from...
The bottom of the electron transport chain
Occurs when carbon and oxygen from CO₂ are incorporated into an organic molecule.
What is the main adaptive advantage of the C₄ and CAM photosynthesis strategies over the C₃ strategy?
They help the plant conserve water and synthesize glucose under hot, dry conditions