Cull coins are coins that most collectors wouldn't be interested in due to exceedingly poor condition. Generally coins that are graded as Basil State, Fair, or Poor by wear are considered Cull, "hole filler" or simply "filler" coins. Sometimes AG (Almost Good) coins or better are classified as cull coins due to problems in addition to wear. For example, an Indian Head Cent with green verdigris might be considered cull if it is also a common date, and isn't otherwise in really good condition. An 1877 Indian Head Cent with verdigris would be considered a problem coin, and have a severe price reduction, but it's unlikely to be classified as a cull coin by the seller. The buyer's opinion might of course be different.
Coins that technically grade above Good by wear, but have a big problem can also be considered cull coins. Big problem is somewhat subjective, but might include the following:
- very large scratches
- a bend (the entire coin being bent)
- extremely dark toning (to the point that the coin can't be read),
- severe fake color in some more common coins,
- severe retooling,
- severe verdigris in copper
- severe marks (like when a car drives over a coin on the road)
- being a common coin in combination with other factors
- other major issues
Some early silver and gold coins have adjustment marks. These would not contribute to the coin being classified as a cull coin.
Cull coins are always worth at least face value, assuming that the denomination can be identified. Coins that might otherwise be incredibly expensive can be obtained as culls for very little money. A good number of collectors go for cull coins simply because their budget can't support problem free examples.