During the opening session, Nancy Brockway from the National Regulatory Research Institute probably had the takeaway line. She noted that regulations are not the best way to incorporate novel technologies. While she did not have a prescriptive solution, she cautioned the audience to look behind the curtain of technology proposals. At the afternoon session on energy efficiency, EPRI summarized a study of various scenarios for CO2 costs and carbon capture technology. What is notable is that regardless of how long carbon capture takes to implement or how expensive CO2 permits cost, efficiency is a major component of meeting overall energy needs.