which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?
what layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the boyd?
the germinal layer of the epidermis contains pigment granules that are responsible for skin
which of the following statements regarding the dermis is correct?
the dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings
the sebaceous produce sebum, a material that
waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple
all of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT for the
functions of the skin include all of the following EXCEPT
the production of key antibodies
when a person is exposed to a cold environment
peripoheral vessels constrict and divert blood away from the skin
which of the processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process?
the immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling
during the normal wound healing process, bleeding may occur from even a minor injury because
new capillaries that stem from intact capillaries are delicatre and take time to become as stable as the preexisting capillaries
a closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):
a hematoma develops when
large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged
which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correcT?
compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours
the hallmark sign of compartment syndrome is
pain out of proportion to the injury
a 30-year-old male experienced a crushing injury when his arm was trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. upon your arrival, the man's arm has been freed. your assessment reveals that his arm is obviously deformed and swollen and is cold and pale. Further assessment reveals an absent radial pulse. You should be MOST concerned that this patient has
when assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is MOST important to
remain alert for more severe underlying injuries
in addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is
which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss?
is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma
an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n):
a 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. after controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should
replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing
which of the following statements regarding penetrating injuries is correct?
external bleeding may be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive
During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a
a 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. he is confused, has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead, and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should
administer high-flow oxygen
during your assessment of a 22-year-old male who was assaulted, you note widespread contusions and abrasions to his face, chest, and abdomen. His pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cool and clammy. You should
administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport
as you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that his is not moving. You can see several large contusions to this arms, a laceration to his foreheard with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should
open his airway and assess his breathing status
you are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experiences during an assault. She is conscious but restlessm, and her skin is cool and pale.l You should be MOST concerned with
the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally
a 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member/. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid secondary assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. you shoul
apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment
a 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how should you care for his wound?
cover it with most, sterile gauze and secure it with an occlusive dressing
in which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object?
a pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back
a construction worker fell approximately 30' and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a 10" steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should
control the bleeding, begin cardiopulmonary resusitation (CPR) stabilize the steel rod, immobilize his spine and transport immediately
a teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle ccident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaked his leg. the MOTS appropriate method for treating this injury is to
unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings
in addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open nect injury is
an air embolism
an 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. he has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should
report the incident to the appropriate authorities
in contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human
carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses
during an altercation in a bar, two patrons got into a fist fight. The first patient, a 44-year-old female, was struck in the mouth and refuses EMS care. The second patient, a 39-year-old female, has a small laceration to her left knuckle and also refuses EMS care. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct?
the 39-year-old female is at high risk for an infection
burns are classified according to
depth and extent
which of the following is a severe burn to a 35-year-old patient?
circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest
which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient?
partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA
which of the following is of LEAST importance when initially assessing the severity of a burn?
known drug allergies
a burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a
a partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and portion of the
patients with full-thickness (third degree)burns generally do not complain of pain because
the nerve endings have been destroyed
which of the following statements regarding severe burns is correct?
severe burns are typically a combination of all degrees of burn
common signs and symptoms of an airway burn include all of the following EXCEPT
burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns to adults because
pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass
according to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to ___ of his or her total BSA
which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?
the anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA
with regard to the pediatric rule of nines, the
legs are proportionately small than an adult's
a 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover ___ of his BSA
a 5-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface has been burned?
which of the following is a severe burn in a 2-year-old child?
any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body
when caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should
brush away the chemical before flushing with water
in order for electricity to flow through the body and cause damage,
a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground
a utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20' and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. you should
rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live
which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is correct?
entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage
a 38-year-old was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker h as shut off the power to the house. you should
begin CPR and apply the AED
you and your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where firefighters have rescued a 50-year-old male from his burning house. The patient has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his face and chest. His nasal hairs were singed and he is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be MOST concerned with
the potential for airway swelling
when treating a partial-thickness burn, you should
avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics
functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following EXCEPT
immobilization of the injury
you have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should
assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed.
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