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This book crosses the divide between theoreticians and practitioners by demonstrating how curriculum theories and models are applied in classrooms today. It ties together broad educational theories such as progressivism, essentialism, perennialism, etc.; curriculum models, characterized as learner-centered, society-centered or knowledge-centered; and exemplars of curriculum theories and models, such as Reggio Emilia, Core Knowledge, the International Baccalaureate, etc.
1. Toward Definition(s)
Curriculum as Prescription
Curriculum as Experience
2 Reading Between the Lines
Planned vs. Experienced Curriculum
Narrow vs. Expansive Definitions
Training Up and Leading Forth
3. A Few Questions
What are the goals of the curriculum?
What knowledge is of most worth?
Guessing the Future
What values should be taught and learned?
What essential skills are at stake?
What is an appropriate view of society?
What do we believe about students?
What are the implications for a pluralistic society?
4. The Progressive Paradigm
A Brief History
The Eight-Year Study
5. The Learner-Centered Curriculum
A. S. Neill and Summerhill School
Developmentally Appropriate Practice
The Doctrine of Interest
Creativity and Self-Direction
Exemplar 1—Sudbury Schools: A Learner-Centered and Learner-Controlled Approach
Exemplar 2—The Exploratory: Experiences Curriculum for Elementary Schools: An Interest Center Approach
Exemplar 3—Reggio Emilia Education: A Project-Based Child-Centered Community Approach
6. The Society-Centered Curriculum
Emphasis on the Group and the Self in Group Context
The Principal Speaks: A Society-Centered Curricular Perspective
Exemplar 4—The Foxfire Curriculum: Cultural Journalism
Exemplar 5—Unified Science and Mathematics for Elementary Schools (USMES) Approach: Real World Problem Solving
7 The Knowledge-Centered Curriculum
A Liberal Education
Textbooks as Curriculum
Curriculum as Process
Ways of Knowing
E. D. Hirsch’s Core Knowledge Curriculum: Cultural Literacy
Mortimer Adler’s Paideia Proposal: An Educational Manifesto
Of Differences and Similarities
Keys to the Knowledge-Centered Curriculum
Traditional Curriculum Philosophies: Essentialism and Perennialism
Back to Bruner for a Minute
The Structure of Knowledge Within a Discipline
The Essentialist Paradigm
The Essentialist Curriculum
Organization of the Curriculum
Thinking About Essentialism
Is an Essentialist Curriculum a Match for Your School?
Exemplar 6—E. D. Hirsch Jr’s. Core Knowledge Curriculum: Essentialism
Exemplar 7—Mortimer Adler’s Paideia Curriculum: Perennialism
Exemplar 8—The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme: A Worldwide Curriculum
8. Parting Thoughts