Name the three components of blood and their percentages.
Erythrocytes - 45%
Leukocytes/platelets - <1%
Blood Plasma - 55%
Physical characteristics of blood
Color varies from deep scarlet to bright red
8% of body weight
For what 3 reasons do anemia's occur?
Insufficient number of RBCs
Low hemoglobin content
An anemia caused by a premature rupture of the RBC's not allowing them to reach maturity
Sickle cell anemia
Substitution mutation of 1 amino acid in the hemoglobin molecule that changes the shape, flexibility & lifespan of the RBCs; cells take on a pointed shape
How does blood doping work?
Athletes have blood removed
Blood is separated into its parts and the RBCs are kept in storage for up to 4 weeks
Athlete's body makes more blood to replenish what was lost
Stored blood is put back into the athlete prior to event
A 'leaping across' action that allows the leukocytes to leave the bloodstream and go where they are needed
2-4% of WBC population
Nucleus shaped like an old telephone
Defend against parasitic worms and lessens the severity of allergies
.5-1% of WBC population
Nucleus is U or S shaped
Contains histamine which helps blood vessels dilate
25% of WBC population
Found in lymphoid tissues
Have a large dark-purple spherical nucleus
Helps with immunity (T cells) and produces antibodies (B cells)
Means 'white blood'
Causes a major increase in the WBC count
Cancer of the WBC's
All cells are member of one out of control clone
Viral disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and produces a large amount of agranulocytes
Symptoms include: tired, achy
What occurs during Vascular Spasms?
Immediate response is vasoconstriction of vessel
Is more efficient as tissue damage increases
Most effective in small blood vessels
Can last from a few minutes to 30ish minutes
What occurs during Platelet Plug Formation?
Platelets swell up, become sticky, and begin to stick to collagen fibers.
Platelets release chemicals that help in constriction and plug formation until a larger plug is created.
What occurs during Coagulation?
Chemicals are produced and fibrin threads begin to form.
The liquid mass becomes more solid.
When the platelets contract (get smaller) and pull on the fibrin strands, compacting the clot and bringing the edges of the broken blood vessel together
Removal of unnecessary clots after healing has occurred.
The enzyme plasmin helps in this process.
A thrombus that blocks a blood vessel (pulmonary embolism blocks vessels in the lungs; cerebral embolism blocks vessels in the brain)
Bleeding all over the body from small blood vessels because of a low platelet count
People lack a factor that does not allow their blood to clot properly
Blood Types and Blood Transfusions
A can receive A & O
B can receive B & O
AB can receive A, B, AB, & O
O can receive O
Blood Types can Donate
A can donate to A & AB
B can donate to B & AB
AB can donate to AB
O can donate to A, B, AB, & O
Clumping together of different blood types usually after someone being given the wrong blood type
A molecule capable of causing agglutination of antigens; makes sure you only have your type of blood cells in your body