two or more persons are required to drive in the diamond lane. you don't have two or more persons. therefore you may not drive in the diamond lane
all the tigers observed in a particular region have yellow black stripped, therefore all the tigers native to this region have yellow stripes
everyday i go to work. this journey from my home to my office takes one hour. my office starts at eight o'clock in the morning. so, if I leave my home at seven o'clock in the morning, I will reach my office in time
every time you eat shrimp, you get cramps, therefore you get cramps because you eat shrimp
a branch of philosophy that studies theories and arguments and why the actions are right or wrong or the state of affairs are good or bad
an attempt to identity the common thread or general rule, that explains why an action is right or wrong
no, some laws are legal but not moral. some laws are not moral, but legal
are morality and the law the same thing?
some people's moral beliefs differ from what their religion teaches (ex: susie is catholic and pro choice)
are morality and religion the same thing?
3, 4, 2, 1
put the following statements in a natural flow. if we can prevent something very bad from happening by doing x, and if we can do x without sacrificing something of comparable moral worth, then we have a moral duty to do x. therefore, we have a moral duty to send substantial amounts of money for famine relief. by sending substantial amounts of money for famine relief, we can prevent death by starvation without sacrificing anything of comparable moral worth. death by starvation is a very bad thing
Either Elizabeth owns a Honda or she owns a Saturn.
Elizabeth does not own a Honda.
Therefore, Elizabeth owns a Saturn.
compose a valid and sound argument
if susie sion is a high school graduate, then susie is a girl. susie is not a sion high school graduate, so she is not a girl
underline premise and circle conclusion: genetic engineering is when you manipulate the dna of an organism. when this is done, it is possible that the dna may be damaged and it could cause the organism great harm; therefore, we should take precaution whenever doing genetic engineering
underline premise and circle conclusion: transgenic crops are crops that have been genetically engineered. transgenic crops could possibly cause harm to the environment because they are "unnatural: and could end up depleting our "natural" crops.
underline premise and circle conclusion:if we waste paper, we are wasting trees. trees are a valuable resource; therefore, we should not waste paper.
underline premise and circle conclusion: genetic screening is a way to identify is a child has a genetic disease before they are born. being able to tell if a child has a disease will allow the parents to best prepare for their new child. therefore, genetic screening is a beneficial technology.
incorrect, use natural order (therefore, cloning is morally wrong)
correct or incorrect? cloning reduces individuality. cloning is the process where an organisms' dna can be replicates and turned into a new organism. therefore, cloning is morally wrong. reducing individuality is morally wrong.
incorrect, using a premise that isn't general (feral)
correct or incorrect? using snare traps to kill the feral pigs will hurt them. so it is wrong to use snare traps to kill feral pigs.
incorrect, use consistent terms (transgenics)
correct or incorrect? genetic engineering is the process in which an organisms' genetic material is manipulated in some way. gene manipulation can be a very dangerous process. when we transfer genes between species, we may cause damage that cannot be repaired. transgenics is therefore not a good thing.
incorrect use reliable premise (first sentence)
correct or incorrect? we will never have too our our math skills in the real world, not even simple addition. therefore, i will not even attempt to learn math...its pointless.
some cats are mammals, all mammals are warm-blooded; therefore, all cats are warm-blooded
all roses are red, my boyfriend gave me a rose; so my boyfriend must have given me a red rose
twenty three chromosome pairs in a human karyotype are similar in size and shape. in a human male
False; Diploid number is 32
f an organism has 16 chromosomes in each of its egg cells, the organism's diploid number is 8.
Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell's DNA.
Which of the following happens when a cell divides?
During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
adenine molecules in dna is about equal to the percentage of thymine molecules
because of base pairing in dna, the percentage of
The Watson and Crick model of DNA is a ____, in which two strands are wound around each other.
if we didn't have meiosis the chromosomes would double each time
Explain what the effect would be if the gametes of a species had the same number of chromosomes as the species' body cells.
the chromosomes go from 46 diploid to haploid and are reduced by half
What happens to the number of chromosomes per cell during meiosis?
chromosomes with the same size, shape, and location, but have different alleles
Define homologous chromosomes.
T/F:Genes determine a person's eye color by coding for nitrogenous bases that affect eye color.
T/F: The human genome project determined the nucleotide sequence for all three billion base pairs in the human genome
T/F: Before the human genome project, it was thought that there were only 30,000 genes in the human genome; now because of the HGP we know that there are over 100,000 genes
Messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
Which type(s) of RNA is (are) involved in protein synthesis?
The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
What happens during the process of translation?
A DNA nucleotide sequence has changed from GACCTTCG to GACGTTCG which type of mutation has occurred?
A DNA sequence has changed from ACGCGA to ACCGCGA, which type of mutation has occurred?
A change in the natural conformation of a protein due to changes in temperature or pH is called?
False; same not different
The fact that human genes inserted into bacteria produce proteins shows that the basic mechanisms of gene expression are different in bacteria and humans
Bacterial cells that have been transformed with a plasmid that carries a genetic marker for resistence to the antibiotic tetracycline will not survive in a culture treated with tetracycline.
False; same not different
To produce a recombinant plasmid, the plasmid and the foreign DNA are cute with a different restriction enzyme.
A gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry a plasmid containing foreign DNA from those that dont is called a (an)
A transgenic organism that has extra copies of a gene produces more of the___ that is coded for by that gene.
Bacteria reproduce to create many offspring that will also produce insulin
Why do transgenic bacteria that have the gene for human insulin produce insulin in great abundance?
Germline gene therapy (or germline engineering)
Attempts to correct genetic defects in the sperm, the egg, or a very early embryo would be classified as
Contain genes from a foreign species, are genetically engineered, have recombinant DNA
Transgenic animals are animals that
A transgenic plant, a goat that produces human proteins, a cow with recombinant dna
Which of the following is a GMO
The effects are multigenerational and it could alter human evolution
Many ethicist argue that gemline genetic modifications may be more ethically problematic than other forms of genetic modification because
Transgenic bacteria can produce human proteins in large amounts.
What is adavantage of using transgenic bacteria to produce human proteins?
All organisms use genes in the same way, gene expression is the same in all organisms, the same insulin gene is found in both humans and transgenic bacteria
Why does the human insulin gene produce the same protein in humans and in transgenic bacteria?
The penecillin will kill the bacteria that were transformed.
Suppose bacterial culture were mixed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a gene for antibiotic resistance
which of the following is often used as a genetic marker in plasmids
the introduction of healthy, therapeutic genes in attempts to correct a genetic disease or disorder is
Somatic cell gene therapy
A SCIDS (severe combined immunodeficiency disorder) patient has recently made a decision to participate in a clinical research trial in which he will receive a therapeutic gene in attemps to regain immune funtion. This is an example of
3, 1, 2, 6, 5, 4
put the following events in order: dna ligase seals sticky ends (seals sugar phosphate backbone of recombinant plasmid). restriction enzyme is used to cut out the human insulin gene & to cut open plasmid. sticky ends are attracted to one another, nitrogen bases of sticky ends form H bonds. isolate the insulin. asexual reproduction. transformation occurs
having a 2 full sets of chromosomes; contains homologous pairs of chromosomes. In humans 2N = 46
threadlike structure within the nucleus (eukaryotes only); contains the genetic material (DNA) that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
change in a DNA sequence. Could be inherited from parents DNA (for examle, a mutated gene that causes a genetic disease) or caused by chemicals known as mutagens (found in pollution, cigarette smoke, etc.) or could be a result of errors in DNA replication.
one of 20 naturally occuring molecules which are put together in a specific order to make a specific protein. The order of this in a protein determines the shape the protein
will take, the proteins shape determine what function the protein will have. A mishaped protein will
not function (main cause of genetic disease).
a type of macromolecule that has several functions in the body (see notes), are made of amino acids strung together in a specific order which is specified by DNA.
cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes
scientists use antibiotic resistance genes as genetic makers to identify which bacteria were transformed
gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry a plasmid with foreign DNA from those that don't
a single stranded end of DNA or RNA having a nucleotide base sequence complementary to that of another strand
the use of living organisms or other biological systems in the manufacture of drugs or other products
the artificial manipulation of genes, or the transfer of genes from one organism to another
germ line engineering
altering the genetic make up of specific types of somatic cells within an individual
forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are responsible for hereditary variation
somatic cell engineering
changes in these cells
*does not affect sperm or egg
**Difficult to change phenotype
process in which embryos are created outside of the womb by combining sperm and egg in a petri dish.
blood stem cell (found in the bone marrow)
one of the most common examples of an adult stem cell is the
therapeutic cloning, IVF, IPS cells
pluripotetnt steam cells that are used in scientific research may come from which sources
nuclear, transfer, surrogate mother, reproductive
reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning are both done using a technique known as______, the only difference is a ______ is necessary for______cloning
During the first eight weeks of human embryological development (but after attachment to the uterus), the offspring is referred to as
What is the name of the process in which embryos are created outside of the womb by combining egg and sperm samples in a petri dish?
The scientific term meaning a fertilized egg; the first stage in human embryological development
multipotent and found in all adults and children in various locations throughout the body
Adult stem cells are
Somatic cell, specialized cells, and differentiated cells
Skin cells, kidney cells, and lung cells are all examples of
Discarding embryos, donating the embryos to research, and putting the embryos up for adoption
A couple with left over embyros created through in-vitro fertilization has the choice(s) of
The clone would have 3 sets of chromosomes
Why must the nucleus of the egg be removed before being used in cloning?
Trophoblast, pluripotent stem cells, inner cell mass
Which of the following could be found as part of the blastocyst?
The diploid nucleus of a brown cow is put into the enucleated egg of a black cow, the offspring produced will look
The clone must be a female
In bioethics class one day, the students decided to clone their females classmate Suzie. What must be true about this clone?