From Ancient Greek κυβερνητικός (kubernētikós, “good at steering, good pilot”), from κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “I steer, drive, guide, act as a pilot”), possibly based on 1830s French cybernétique "the art of governing." The term was coined in 1948 by U.S. mathematician Norbert Wiener.
- The theory/science of communication and control in the animal and the machine.
- The art/study of governing, controlling automatic processes and communication.
- Technology related to computers and Internet.
- educational cybernetics
- management cybernetics
- medical cybernetics
- quantum cybernetics
- technical cybernetics
- second order cybernetics
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