the amount of organisms an ecosystem can support
when a species reaches stability, balance
a j-curved graph that shows when a population increases rapidly
limiting factors that affect the population, regardless of the size(abiotic)
limiting factors that affect the population depending on the size (biotic)
compete for space, food, water and shelter
the action of eating prey
a group of the same types of organisms
a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time
collection of interacting populations
interaction among the populations in a community and the community's physical surroundings (biotic and abiotic factors)
the rate a species grows
Zero Population Growth
same amount of births, immigration and deaths, emmigration
species moving into an ecosystem
species moving out of an ecosystem
symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of the others
symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit
symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor benefited
branch of biology developed from natural history; scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environments
organisms that cannot make their own food and must feed on other organisms
organisms that use energy (from the sun or that is stored in chemical compounds) to manufacture their own nutrients
an organism that uses photosynthesis (and thus, energy from the sun) to obtain its energy
an organism that eats producers or other consumers to obtain its energy
heterotrophs that feed only on plants
heterotrophs that eat both plant and animal material
heterotrophs that feed only on other animals
carnivore on top of the food chain; highest
organisms that break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms; break down the complex compounds of dead and decaying plants and animals into simpler molecules that can be more easily absorbed
Renewable organic matter
a simple model that scientists use to show how matter and energy move through an ecosystem
expresses all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community; more realistic than a food chain as most organisms depend on more than one species for food
______ are needed for organisms to survive, this are cycled through out the soil.
the capacity to do work
non-living parts of an organism's environment
all living organisms of an organism's environment
a feeding step representing the passage on energy and materials in a food chain; each level/step represents an organism in the food chain
the cycle in which carbon is passed all throughout the ecosystems so that organisms can use it
the cycle in which nitrogen is passed all throughout the ecosystems so that organisms can use it
the cycle in which phosphurus is passed all throughout the ecosystems so that organisms can use it
how nitrogen is converted into a compund so that it can be used by organisms. This occurs by lightning and bacteria fixing it into the soil
The process in which oxygen is used by organisms and then converted to carbon dioxide and released into the air
the process plants use to create glucose and oxygen from converting sunlight (energy), carbon dioxide and water
the effect that keeps the earth warm by allowing some sunlight heat rays to stay inside the atmosphere
the raise of temperature in the biosphere caused by the excess effects of the greenhouse effect.
an individual living thing
species that feeds on animals
number of births
number of deaths
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