3-4-09 Group Polarization: tendency for group discussions to strengthen the average inclination of the group members Why? Informational and normative influence Social comparison 2 heads better than one? Consider ( The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster Groupthink phenomenon: faulty decision making that may occur in group settings Precursors of groupthink: Group cohesiveness Isolation Known opinion of a strong and directive leader Symptoms: Overconfidence Close-mindedness Reassures toward uniformity Eliminating groupthink: Be impartial Encourage/Reward critical evaluation Subdivide the group Welcome outside opinions Allow ?anonymous? opinions Have a ?second chance? meeting Social Influence and Group Violence Deindividualization: people within a group often feel anonymous (loss of self-awareness) and unidentifiable and therefore feel less concerned about what others think about their behavior (loss of evaluation apprehension) decreased impact of authority Avoid group violence make people self-aware (adding mirrors) make authority more immediate make people identifiable Bystander effect: likelihood of pro-social response to an emergency is affected by the number of bystanders present diffusion or responsibility Kitty Genovese Lived in Queens, NY Managed a local bar Killed over a 30 minute period 38 people watched, NO ONE HELPED
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