Exam 1 Review
- Who is the father of
- Who was responsible for
our current system of naming organisms?
- For the six kingdoms: know members and major
characteristics of those members (ex. Animalia multicellular
- Name and briefly explain
some of the properties of living organisms (properties that are absent in
- How does science differ
from religion or a pseudoscience (like psychology)?
- Describe the scientific
method of the experimental sciences (observations through analysis) (good
- Define theory. What are
the major theories that guide zoological research?
- Name the five kinds of
biologically important organic molecules. Be able to name general
functions and examples of each (chap 2).
- Compare and contrast
prokaryotes and eukaryotes (what types of organisms are found in each
group, major differences, some similarities).
- Know the major functions
of typical eukaryotic cell components including organelles.
- Define mitosis, cytokinesis,
and meiosis (chap 5).
- What is the purpose of
mitosis/cytokinesis? How does meiosis differ from mitosis with regard to
daughter cell number, chromosomes, etc.?
- Interphase is the period
between mitotic cell divisions. What is occurring during this period?
- Know the four stages of
mitosis and the major events occurring in each stage.
- Who was the first to
formulate the principles of genetics?
- Define the following: gene, allele, homologous
chromosomes, sex chromosomes, autosomes, phenotype, dominant and recessive
traits, homozygous and heterozygous, intermediate inheritance
- What are some sources of
- What is responsible for new
- Define evolution.
- Jean Baptiste Lamarck, the
first evolutionist, is famous for what hypothesis? Explain why this
concept was rejected.
- Describe the five major
components of Darwin¹s theory of evolution: perpetual change, common descent, multiplication of
species, gradualism, and natural selection.
- Be able to discuss the theory
of natural selection (good summary of observations and inferences on page
119 good short essay!).
- Darwin recognized the
concept of homology as evidence for common descent; define homology and
give an example.
- Differentiate between
sexual and asexual reproduction.
- What types of organisms
reproduce asexually, sexually?
- What is the main advantage
of sexual over asexual reproduction?
- Know these types of
asexual reproduction and recognize some examples: binary fission, multiple fission,
budding, fragmentation, gemmulation.
- Know these types of sexual
reproduction and recognize some examples: bisexual, conjugation, hermaphroditism,
- Define zygote, cleavage,
blastula, gastrula, tissues.
- What are the two main
types of cleavage?
- Name the three embryonic
tissue layers (germ layers).
- What are the four general
tissue types seen in adult animals? For each general tissue type, name
main function(s), characteristics, and know some specific examples.
- Name the traits that are used
to classify animals (place them into groups that include closely related
animals). What sophisticated tool is used today which makes classification
- Describe the types of
symmetry seen in the animal kingdom. Give examples.
- Define the following: diploblastic, triploblastic,
acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, eucoelomate, metamerism, cephalization.
- List the taxonomic ranks
from most inclusive to least inclusive.
- What is binomial
nomenclature? Explain, using an example. Be able to correctly write
a scientific name (species name).
- Define species.
Material below from chap 29-35 and various references
- Kingdom Animalia is the
largest and most diverse kingdom of life on earth; know the
following: prevalence of
invertebrates versus vertebrates, group containing half of all known
species, most numerous vertebrates
- Describe some general
animal characteristics and some features that are unique to animals (good
- What organisms are thought
to represent the common ancester of all animals?
- Be able to discuss the
four basic protozoan/animal habitats and how animals have adapted to
living in those habitats (good short essay!)
- Know the major components
and functions of the organ systems found in most animals.
- Here are a few specific
things you need to know in addition to the general stuff about organ
- Compare hydrostatic
versus rigid skeletons (exoskeleton and endoskeleton); give some
- Define the following and
describe some specializations seen in these types of feeders: predator, herbivore, parasite,
suspension feeder, filter feeder.
- What types of structures
are used to extract oxygen from air (vertebrates, insects), water? What
special structures do flying birds possess that make their respiratory
systems extremely efficient?
- Compare open and closed
circulatory systems. Which is more efficient and therefore suitable for
large, active animals?