For discussing the functions of different structures of all organisms.
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Heterotrophs, on lower or higher evolution, use organic structures and transform (we call it eating and digesting) it into energy available for their thermodinamical system what we call LIFE. Food, in whatever forms, contains usually C(n)H(n), fats and proteins; What is a percent of usage, on example, in 100gr food which contains 50% sugar, 30%fats, 29% proteins and 1% vitamines, minerals... Can't digestive system process and use all nutrition's value of food?
We are humans, and our mind create a manner to burn, boil, freeze etc food what we eat, because our mind want to enjoy in tastes, smells... What's happening when 1 steak or 1carrot we roast/boil... can our digestive system use this destroyed and denatured proteins, sugars, fats to feed our cells or we need to eat a lot of food because the middle of steak/carrot has survive by high temperature's devastation? What is the usage of this kind of food?
p.s. Excuse me for my bad english.
Well, if a protein is denaturated by thermical conditions, then yes we can still digest them and use them. However if you burn things, some of the sugars, proteins and lipids will get oxidised and finally burned. if that happens, we can not digest them any more. The percentage of oxidised nutriments to unoxidised ones depends on the food.
"As a biologist, I firmly believe that when you're dead, you're dead. Except for what you live behind in history. That's the only afterlife" - J. Craig Venter
I definitely agree with your last sentence. It’s one of the main keys of food usage by heterotrophes.
Anyway, even denatured protein has some (more or less, depended by level of temperature’s or other conditions, like acid, radiation…) percent of undamaged (unoxidised) amino-acids, which our catabolytic enzymes split them on substantive unit (alone amino-acids). Then our anabolytic enzymes bind this independed amino-acids (conducted by DNA’s transcription and RNA’s translation) into a structural proteins which can be used for construction, regulation etc. The same cases are also with carbohydrathes, fats and other substances with carbo-chains (in Serbian literature it’s called KATENACIJA, I don’t know in english; life on this planet have to thanks on that chemical ability to make these chains).
Yes. even the cooked food (not the burned food) has nutritious value to us. The partially denatured protein can be digested into individual amino acids. For the plant materials, heating will partially denature the binding component phytic acid which binds the nutrients and minerals in food making it difficult to digest. In animal untreated feeds, chicken can have as little as 30% nutrient acquisition. Talk about nutritious feces . Addition of phytase enzyme or heating can dramatically raise the nutrient acquisition by as much as 70%. I assume humans can be affected similarly.
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