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Sack of Antwerp 2011 Packet 9 Edited by Selene Koo and Marshall Steinbaum Written by the University of Chicago Tossups 1. In Georgia, a triumvirate with this epithet consisting of Joseph Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John B. Gordon, all former Confederate officers, dominated state politics after Redemption. Their favorable treatment of railroads was typical of this faction‟s Southern manifestation, and many of its members had been Whigs before the Civil War. In national politics, this term is most closely associated with the tight monetary policy of the Cleveland administration after the Panic of 1893 and the reaction against it by the Populist movement, leading to the candidacy of William Jennings Bryan. The ultimate extinction of this term occurred when Bryan joined Woodrow Wilson‟s cabinet in 1912. For ten points, what is this epithet, which refers to a faction of the Democratic party and derives either from the dynasty inaugurated by Henri IV or a kind of whiskey distilled in Kentucky? ANSWER: Bourbon (Bourbon Democrats acceptable) 2. The speaker of this book‟s fourth chapter offers himself as a reasonable “Tertium Quid” “Between the rabble‟s- brabbles of dolts and fools” that have spoken in the two chapters before it. Those chapters, “Half-Rome” and “The Other Half-Rome” give opposing opinions about the character of the man being tried, who defends himself in the fifth chapter and unrepentantly admits to the crime in the eleventh. That man is a count who killed his wife Pompilia after accusing her of cavorting with the priest Caponsacchi. In this work‟s prologue, the author tells how he took “pure crude fact / Secreted from man‟s life when hearts beat hard” and “fused my live soul and that inert stuff” to produce one of the title objects. For 10 points, name this poem based on the Roman murder case described in “the old Yellow Book,” a work of Robert Browning. ANSWER: The Ring and the Book 3. The Kelly Leak factor and Orr factor are two reasons given for this man‟s induction into the Pantheon, written about in Now I Can Die in Peace. Along with Dazzy Vance and Greg Maddux, he is one of three pitchers to lead his league in ERA by more than a run. The star of the Italian horror film Ratman is a notable friend of this athlete, and that actor, Nelson de la Rosa, is known as his “midget.” He was traded from a team where he played alongside his brother Ramon for Delino DeShields. He has endured many chants because he once called a division rival “his daddy,” and in a 2003 Game 7, he was controversially left in to pitch with disastrous results, leading to the firing of his manager, Grady Little. He won his first Cy Young award in 1997, with the Montreal Expos. In 2009, he did not pitch until August 12, yet started Game 2 of the World Series for the Phillies. For ten points, identify this Dominican pitcher who won the the 2004 World Series with the Boston Red Sox. ANSWER: Pedro Jaime Martinez 4. This man fought under Aulus Gabinius against Aristobulus II in Judaea, after he traveled to Greece, ostensibly to learn rhetoric, but more likely to escape the creditors to whom he owed 250 talents. That debt resulted from a period of youthful recklessness in which he was friends with Curio, who was later the tribune bribed by an ally of this man before this man became tribune himself in 49 BC. In one battle, after advancing his men through the marsh on his right flank, he was able to outmaneuver his enemy, causing his opponent to have his freedman Pindarus run him through. This man‟s ally‟s camp had been overrun, but the two still won the Battle of Philippi, where this man defeated Cassius and then Brutus. For 10 points, name this member of the second triumvirate, whose quinqueriemes were crushed at Actium by Agrippa and Octavian, and who later committed suicide alongside Cleopatra. ANSWER: Marc Antony or Marcus Antonius 5. This man wrote a play in which a ballet dancer is hired by one character to draw his brother away from his betrothed; in that work, Isabelle eventually falls in love with Frederic. One play by this man was criticized by Eugene Ionesco, who, in response to this man‟s denial of personal identity, penned the similarly-named play Man With Bags. In addition to Ring Round the Moon and The Traveler Without Luggage, this author wrote a work in which the title character is portrayed as “not a saint, but a man” and defies the king because he deems certain actions more beautiful than others. In another work, one character offers to put his guards to death in order to cover up the title character‟s crime of proper burial, but the protagonist instead hangs herself, causing Haemon and his mother Eurydice to commit suicide as well. For 10 points, name this French author of Becket and an adaptation of Antigone. ANSWER: Jean Anouilh 6. In statistical mechanics, coefficients described by this adjective are related to graph theory through the use of Mayer cluster integrals, and an ongoing debate exists as to whether the stress described by this adjective on the atomic level is equivalent to the Cauchy stress of macroscopic objects. The Onnes equation is another name for the equation of state or “expansion” described by this adjective, which can be used to find the Boyle temperature of a gas. The most well-known statement described by this adjective has been used to derive the Chandrasekhar limit for White Dwarfs. For ten points, identify this adjective, applied to a ubiquitous theorem that in its simplest form states that the average kinetic energy of a system is equal to minus one-half of the average potential energy of a system. ANSWER: virial 7. According to legend, when this man was a youth he was caught stealing sheep, but argued his way out of being executed by promising to join the army. This man served in the Pinglu Army as a protégé of general Zhang Shougui [ read “JANG show-gway”]. This man‟s rivals at court included Li Linfu and Chancellor Yang, whose appointment this man opposed. This man referred to himself and his followers as “Great Yan” and was supported by his childhood friend, Shi Siming. This man became a favorite of Yang Guifei, a mistress of the Emperor, allowing him to gain enough power to challenge the Tang dynasty. For ten points, name this Sogdian Turkish general who led a Chinese rebellion. ANSWER: An Lushan [do NOT accept An Shi: this is an acceptable alternative name for the rebellion, but not for the dude. “An Shi” comes from the fact that members of the Shi family led the rebellion after An and his son died] 8. There is debate over whether the hurried kind of these entities are preferable to the supported ones, particularly in the case of younger Successors. Two of five criteria commonly employed in the study of these are freedom from irregularity and freedom from a hidden flaw. An additional criterion is the requirement that one portion of these is unbroken and culminates in one of the sahabah. That criterion, muttasil, is applied by scholars who question how closely they match the sunnah. That chain of narrators is the isnad, which is included alongside their content, the matn. Of the “Authentic Six” collections of these, Sahih al-Bukhari is one considered most authentic by Sunnis. For 10 points, name this collection of sayings and deeds of Muhammad, the second most important text in Islam, which complements the Qu'ran. ANSWER: Hadith (accept “isnad” before mentioned) 9. One artist from this country painted Three People, an abstract work in red and purple in which the forms of the three figures have a roughened surface due to the artist‟s use of sand and marble in his paint. That work was discovered in a pile of trash on a New York City sidewalk in 2007. Another artist from this country depicted a writhing skeleton giving birth to a baby skeleton in academic garb while other skeletons in academic garb observe. That scene appears along with a more famous one of a peasant getting stabbed in the back by an army officer in The Epic of American Civilization, which is located at Dartmouth College. Another artist from this country painted a history of this country in one enormous panel of conflict, all surrounding an eagle grasping a snake. For ten points, what is this country, home to Rufino Tamayo, Jose Clemente Orozco, and Diego Rivera? ANSWER: Mexico 10. These objects are central to the pump-probe spectroscopy used by Ahmed Zewail for his work in femtochemistry. The quantum cascade form of these objects allows for efficient coupling and low loss transmission through hollow waveguides. One technique that uses these objects involves adjusting the Q factor of the cavity at the frequency c over 2 times L and is known as mode locking. These objects solved the problem of scattered radiation in Raman spectroscopy. Xenon chloride can be used to produce the excepilex form of these objects, and other examples of these objects include the helium, neon and argon ion types. For these objects to function, population inversion must be maintained. For ten points, identify these objects that emit light through the stimulated emission of photons. ANSWER: Lasers 11. A poem addressed to this author ends with the line “The Garden Master‟s gone.” That poem, collected in Dream Songs, is by John Berryman. The title character of one of this author‟s poems “loves like a gander, and adores a goose” and taught the speaker to “Turn, and Counter-turn, and stand.” This author of “I Knew a Woman” also wrote a poem in which the speaker remembers how he and another character “romped until the pans/Slid from the kitchen shelf.” In one of his poems, the speaker exclaims “God bless the Ground!” and states that he “should know/What falls away is always. And is near.” That poem ends with the line “I learn by going where I have to go.” The speaker of another poem by this author remembers “the neckcurls, limp and damp as tendrils” in a poem about a girl “thrown from a horse.” For 10 points, name this American author of “My Papa‟s Waltz,” “The Waking,” and “Elegy for Jane.” ANSWER: Theodore Roethke 12. Rahewin of Freising completed the first biography of this ruler. As a concession to Henry Jasomirgott, this ruler issued the Privilegium Minus, which created a new duchy and gave increased autonomy to Austria. One military campaign by this ruler resulted in the capture and execution of Arnold of Brescia; that campaign was this man‟s destruction of the Commune of Rome, which he did at the behest of Pope Adrian IV. This ruler convened the Diet of Roncaglia, whose verdict the Lombard League did not accept since they considered it to be tantamount to the subjugation of Northern Italy. This ruler died while jumping into a river in the Third Crusade. For ten points, name this Holy Roman Emperor with a red beard. ANSWER: Frederick Barbarossa or Frederick I 13. This artist painted two men in conversation, one with a book and a fish gesturing with his hand outside the painting and the other with a carpenter‟s square. That work is his Saints Andrew and Thomas. This man was invited by King Louis XIV to submit designs for the east facade of the Louvre, but those were ultimately rejected. One of his architectural works has twice-life-size angels standing atop four spiral columns and is a baldacchino. In one of his sculptures, a man chases a woman whose arms are raised and legs are turning into a tree trunk, while in another, a saint receives a spiritual spear-thrust from a hovering angel. For 10 points, name this Baroque sculptor of the Fountain of the Four Rivers, Apollo and Daphne and Ecstasy of Saint Theresa, as well as the final version of St. Peter‟s Basilica. ANSWER: Gian Lorenzo Bernini 14. Red Giants give off very little light in this region and thus emissions in this region can be used to test “Dividing Line” models that separate giant stars from Red Giants. The star Eta Carinae emits unusually strong radiation in this region, and observations of the star in this region of the spectrum have revealed a complex nebular structure. The radiation from black holes circled by accretion disks comes primarily in this band, as does most of the radiation from the corona of the Sun. Due to the opacity of the Earth‟s atmosphere, most observations in this band occur in high-altitude balloons or through space-based telescopes such as Chandra and EXOSAT. For ten points, name this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that lies between the Ultraviolet and Gamma Ray bands. ANSWER: X-Rays 15. When Juan Garcia Oliver, a proponent of this ideology, lost his position as justice minister in May 1937, it gave the NKVD unchecked power to persecute those opposed to Moscow in Republican Spain. That spelled immediate doom for the Trotskyite POUM and the long-term decline of Oliver‟s CNT, the most powerful exponent of this ideology. Buonaventura Durruti led the most famous armed force associated with this ideology in the Spanish Civil War, with companies named for Sebastien Fauré, Erik Muhsam, and Sacco and Vanzetti. In the period in which supporters of this ideology controlled Barcelona, George Orwell praised the decline of class distinction that he had previously thought impossible. For 10 points, name this ideology that gained its most substantial following in Catalonia, building on the region‟s longstanding distrust of centralized authority. ANSWER: Anarchism (accept Libertarianism) 16. One character in this novel is accused of burning down a factory and is harbored in the attic of the central family, and another character is revealed to have corresponded with the director of Bella Vista. One character in this work is killed during World War II after fathering Aimee, who is given to Winifred after her mother is caught meeting a man in a motel. Some notebooks of one of this work‟s main characters reveal that Richard was the father of her child, and shortly after learning of the death of Alex Thomas, that character commits suicide by driving off a bridge. The title of this novel refers to a work Laura Chase is said to have written before her suicide, which punctuates Iris Chase‟s newspaper clipping-filled narrative. For 10 points, name this work in which the title novel is revealed to actually have been written by Iris, a work by Margaret Atwood. ANSWER: The Blind Assassin 17. According to Herodotus, the dwarfish statues of Pataikos which Phoenicians placed on their triremes' prows were similar to statues of this figure. In Hyginus' list of kings of Athens, Erichthonius was said to be the son of this figure. According to Homer, the youngest of the Charites, Algaia, is the wife of this figure, whose children by other women included Pericletes, a club-bearing robber killed by Theseus, and the aforementioned Erichthonius who was conceived by Gaia after this figure's failed rape of Athena. All this supposedly occurred after his divorce from his original wife whom he caught cheating in an inescapable net. He also trapped his mother with an inescapable golden throne in revenge for the wounds suffered after landing on Lemnos after falling for days when he was cast out of Olympus. For 10 points, name this ugly husband of Aphrodite, the lame son of Hera whose forge was said to be located below Mount Aetna. ANSWER: Hephaestus (take “Ptah” until mention of Hyginus, and “Vulcan” until mention of Homer) 18. EBNA1 can compete with this protein to bind with USP7, an enzyme that stabilizes this protein. This protein is activated by phosphorylation of its N terminal domain and upon activation, this protein‟s half-life increases and it undergoes a conformational change that allows it to act as a transcription regulator. In unstressed cells, Mdm2 binds to this protein and transports it to the cytosol, where it causes this protein to be marked for degradation. An autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in this gene, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, leads to an increased susceptibility to cancer. In cells affected by stressors such as membrane damage or oxidative stress, this protein upregulates DNA repair proteins through p21 or, in unrepairable cases, causes the cell to undergo apoptosis. For 10 points, name this “guardian of the genome” that is instrumental in preventing cancer. ANSWER: p53 19. In Drautzburg and Uhlig‟s model of this, the length of time that the Zero Lower Bound is binding is a critical determinant of the effectiveness of this tool, and those authors conclude that the multiplier associated with this is less than one. Barro argued that this tool can never be effective since a government that sells its debt to its own citizens, to be repaid by taxing them or their children, cannot add to the overall wealth in the economy. That argument is ostensibly drawn from David Ricardo, though he himself doubted its empirical validity. This tool was most famously advocated by Keynes as a means to smooth fluctuations in aggregate demand. For ten points, what is this field of economic policy related to government spending and taxation, the debate over which was reinvigorated by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act? ANSWER: Fiscal Policy 20. One section of this work “for six voices” was arranged for orchestra by Anton Webern and is a notable example of klangfarbenmelodie. This work contains the Quaraendo inventis, in which an episode contains two voices whose notes form a palindrome. The dedicatee of this work is referenced in the riddle canons, and this work‟s main C minor theme contains jumps of thirds and a seventh, followed by a descending chromatic scale. That Thema Regium was created in response to a challenge issued to the composer by Frederick the Great, in which the king claimed that the composer could not improvise a six-part fugue on a given musical phrase. For ten points, name this complex work by Johann Sebastian Bach whose title refers to a gift that is appealing to the ears. Answer: Musical Offering or Das Musikalische Opfer TB. The Tietze extension theorem can be used to form extensions of continuous maps whose domain is a subset of this kind of toplogical space. That result is a generalization of Urysohn's Lemma, which gives an alternative characterization of these spaces using separation by functions. Usually, this property refers to a space in which any two disjoint closed sets can be separated by neighborhoods, and is called the T4 axiom when combined with the T1 axiom. In abstract algebra, these types of subgroups can be defined as kernels of group homomorphisms or equivalently as subgroups invariant under conjugation. According to the Central Limit Theorem, a sequence of identical, independently distributed random variables converges to this kind of distribution. For 10 points, give the usual name for the Gaussian distribution. ANSWER: normal Bonuses 1. Name the following Rembrandt works for 10 points each.  In this work, the title Greek philosopher, bejeweled with the trappings of his patron Alexander‟s largesse, sadly considers a sculpture of his Greek forebear, an epic poet. ANSWER: Aristotle Contemplating a Bust of Homer  This etching chronicles several accounts of Christ‟s miracles from the Book of Matthew. Known for its naturalistic spidery lines that pick out the drapery and for the dramatic cast of light, it is one of the earliest uses of the mezzotint technique. ANSWER: Hundred Guilder Print  In this group portrait of Rembrandt‟s, only one of the six commercial figures is bareheaded despite being set indoors, and the right-most figure is moving to secrete a bag of money. Both comment on the venality underlying the outward trappings of Protestant austerity. ANSWER: Syndics of the Drapers’ Guild (accept Syndics of the Cloth Guild or the Sampling Officials or even Die Staalmeesters) 2. Many leaders of this event were killed or captured at the Seventh Battle of Adrianople, where they were routed by Kaloyan the Roman-Slayer. For 10 points each:  Name this crusade, financed by Venice, that ended up sacking multiple Christian cities including Zara and Constantinople. ANSWER: Fourth Crusade  The Fourth Crusade was led by this one-eyed Doge of Venice, who turned the crusade into an expedition against Venice‟s enemies. He engaged in hand-to-hand combat on the Theodosian Walls at the age of 97. ANSWER: Enrico Dandolo  The Sack of Constantinople followed this atrocity of 1182, in which the Venetian, Pisan, and Genoese merchant colonies in Constantinople were overrun after Andronikos I Comnenus seized power from Maria of Antioch. ANSWER: Massacre of the Latins 3. Name some arbitrary boundaries, for ten points each.  This boundary demarcates the extent of Australian species from those of Asia. Named after a 19th century British naturalist, it runs through the Lombok Strait and between Borneo and Sulawesi. ANSWER: Wallace Line  This line separates the lower, largely chalk southeast of Britain from the higher, wetter, and older northwest, including Scotland and Wales. It‟s named for the rivers that run through Stockton and Exeter. ANSWER: Tees-Exe Line  According to Livy, Consul G. Popillius Laenas drew this on the ground around Antiochus IV in 168 BC, demanding the latter‟s reply to the Senate‟s demand that he withdraw Seleucid forces from Egypt. That confrontation was the source of a common saying. ANSWER: A Line in the Sand 4. Its composer was inspired by his travels to the Isle of Staffa to write the first bars of this work on a postcard to his sister in 1829. For 10 points each:  Name this one-movement orchestral piece, which contrasts a descending figure suggestive of rolling waves with an ascending cello and bassoon melody, consonant with the site‟s soaring hexagonal pillars of cracked basalt. ANSWER: The Hebrides or The Hebridean Overture or Fingal’s Cave  This composer of the Hebrides Overture was inspired to compose his Scottish Symphony on the same trip. He also composed an overture and some incidental music for A Midsummer Night’s Dream. ANSWER: (Jakob Ludwig) Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy  Shortly after returning from Scotland, Mendelssohn commenced work on this cantata for four soloists, choir, and orchestra, based a poem by Goethe. It portrays a pagan ritual and includes the movement These Dumb Christian Priests. ANSWER: Die erste Walpurgisnacht or The First Walpurgis Night 5. Their existence was unknown until the mid 19th century. For 10 points each:  Name this type of real number which is not a root of any polynomial equation with integer coefficients, in contrast to the algebraic numbers. ANSWER: transcendental numbers  The existence of transcendental numbers was first proven by this 19th century mathematician, who gave an explicit example. He also names a theorem in complex analysis saying that any bounded entire function is constant. ANSWER: Joseph Liouville  Liouville proved that algebraic numbers are poorly approximated by these numbers, thus giving a sufficient condition for a number to be transcendental, a result later strengthened by Roth's theorem. ANSWER: rational number 6. His rule began when the departing French and their American allies set up the Republic of Vietnam in 1955, a puppet state intended to prevent a Vietcong takeover of the entire country after Dien Bien Phu. For 10 points each:  This Catholic won a fraudulent 1955 referendum over the Emperor Bao Dai. He was overthrown and executed during a 1963 coup. ANSWER: Ngo Dinh Diem  The Kennedy Administration, and in particular this US ambassador to Vietnam from 1963-64, gave assurances of US support to the coup‟s leaders. ANSWER: Henry Cabot Lodge  By the autumn of 1964, the unreliability of Vietnam‟s army galvanized support in Washington for direct American intervention and the passage of this congressional resolution following a questionable North Vietnamese provocation. ANSWER: Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 7. In this play, Maria makes the mistake of confiding to Lady Candour, who manages to destroy reputations by defending them. For 10 points each:  Name this play in which Lady Sneerwell embarks upon a mission to slander all the women within her reach. Her mission fails when her servant Snake betrays her. ANSWER: The School for Scandal  The School for Scandal was written by this playwright who also wrote The Rivals. ANSWER: Richard Sheridan  In The School for Scandal, Maria ends up with this man, who despite his reputation, is a more honorable person than his brother Joseph. ANSWER: Charles Surface 8. Name some pre-Columbian civilizations of the Americas, for ten points each.  This civilization thrived on the Pacific coast of Peru during the third millennium BC. Unique among pre- modern urban civilizations for deriving its nutritional basis from fish and not centralized grain storage, it was likely the most densely-populated location on earth in its prime. ANSWER: Norte-Chico or Caral-Supé  Sites associated with this tradition of 150-450 CE display evidence of a trading network extending to the Rocky Mountains from sites in the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys. This tradition is most closely associated with earthwork mounds such as the Great Serpent. ANSWER: Hopewell  These farmers disappeared around 1300 CE. They are best known for geometric pottery and the buildings that give one of the names for these people, including famous examples at Mesa Verde and Canyon de Chelly. ANSWER: Anasazi or Ancient Puebloans 9. The second book of this work uses the example of an almond crushed and a grain of wheat to illustrate the distinction between primary and secondary qualities. For 10 points each:  What philosophical work, which ends with an attack on enthusiasm as justification for revelations, inspired Leibniz to write a response in the form of a dialogue between Theophilus and Philalethes? ANSWER: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding  An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is an exemplary text of this epistemological position that is opposed to rationalism. It developed primarily in Britain with proponents such as Berkeley and Hume. ANSWER: empiricism [accept experientialism]  The second book of the Essay also discusses this unanswered philosophical problem, which asks if a blind man who gains sight for the first time will be able to connect his vision and touch. ANSWER: Molyneux's Problem 10. Answer some questions about blood for 10 points each.  Red blood cells contain this metalloprotein that is composed of four globular subunits. It is used to transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. ANSWER: Hemoglobin (Hb)  The iron ion in each heme group is surrounded by this kind of heterocyclic macromolecule that binds to the iron with four pyrrole molecules. ANSWER: Porphyrin  Glucose molecules can react with hemoglobin to form this kind of hemoglobin. Measurements of it can be used to determine the average plasma glucose concentration in an individual over a one to three month span of time. ANSWER: Glycated Hemoglobin or Hemoglobin A1C 11. Its release was marred by criticisms such as the lack of LAN play and the split of the game into 3 equally expensive expansion packs. For ten points each:  Name this 2010 video game that still sold over 3 million copies in its first month of release. This video game sequel features a campaign following the exploits of mercenary captain Jim Raynor. ANSWER: StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty  StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty focuses on this race that employs units like the Thor and Marauder. Before her transformation, Kerrigan was a Ghost employed by this faction. ANSWER: Terrans (prompt on humans)  Terran players frequently use these stationary structures filled with Marines or Firebats to create a makeshift wall that prevents enemy harassing units from entering bases to attack supply-collecting workers. ANSWER: bunkers 12. One character in this work hopes to find the secret of his birth in the journal of Captain John Smith. For 10 points each:  Name this work in which Ebenezer Cooke attempts to write an epic about Maryland but decides to write the title satire instead. ANSWER: The Sot-Weed Factor  This author of The Sot-Weed Factor wrote a work in which Todd Andrews has an affair with Jane Mack and intends to commit suicide on the title showboat, The Floating Opera. ANSWER: John Barth  The first part of this Barth novel is a retelling of the frame story of Scheherazade told by Dunyazade, and the second part follows Perseus‟s journey towards immortality. This work is named for a mythical creature. ANSWER: Chimera 13. Kenichi Fukui discovered that the use of these objects provides a good approximation for reactivity. For 10 points each:  Name these objects, which are composed of a HOMO and a LUMO. ANSWER: Frontier molecular orbitals  Frontier orbitals are useful in the conceptualization of this reaction, in which a dienophile performs a syn addition on an s-cis diene. Because it favors endo stereochemistry, products have substituent groups closer to the bridges of bicyclic compounds. ANSWER: Diels-Alder reaction  Regioselectivity in the Diels-Alder reaction has been explained using this UCLA chemist‟s namesake rule, which evokes “torquoselectivity.” ANSWER: Kendall Newcomb Houk 14. Along with truthfulness, not stealing, celibacy, and non-attachment, it is one of the five Mahavratas observed by monks. For 10 points each:  Name this belief that necessitates vegetarianism and applies not just to physical violence but also words and thoughts. It is a Sanskrit word meaning “no harm.” ANSWER: ahimsa  Ahimsa is a principle central to this Indian religion that has white-clad and sky-clad sects and whose 24th Tirthankara is named Mahavira. ANSWER: Jainism  In addition to ahimsa, this principle is often described in connection with syadvada and nayavada. It can roughly be summarized as a doctrine of the existence of multiple viewpoints. ANSWER: Anekantavada 15. This programming paradigm's namesake things have data fields and methods, and they are instances of classes created by constructors. For 10 points each:  Name this programming paradigm which is supported by the languages Smalltalk, Python, C++, and Java. ANSWER: Object-Oriented Programming or OOP  Object-oriented programming supports this feature that allows a subclass to be treated like an instance of its parent class, which in many cases leads to subtype polymorphism. ANSWER: inheritance  This other feature of object-oriented programming refers to the restriction of external access to an object's components and is often employed as a means of information hiding. Keywords like public and private can override it. ANSWER: encapsulation (accept word forms) 16. The speaker of one poem by this author drops the title object, “so round, so radiant in array” in a garden where he later dreams of her showing him the New Jerusalem. For 10 points each:  Name this anonymous author of Cleanness and Patience, named after one of the other poems found in the manuscript with those two. ANSWER: Pearl poet or Gawain poet  One of the poems by the Pearl poet is this romance about a knight of King Arthur‟s Court. The knight must find a chapel where he will have his head cut off, fulfilling an agreement he had made the previous year. ANSWER: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight  Looking for the Green Chapel, Gawain stays at the house of this lord, who turns out to be the Green Knight. Gawain resists this man‟s wife‟s attempt to seduce him, which in the end keeps his head from being cut off. ANSWER: Sir Bercilak 17. For 10 points each, answer three questions about ancient statues, likely votive fertility offerings.  This limestone figurine has a patterned head, accentuated breasts and hips, and a sharply carved vulva. It is estimated to be 22-24,000 years old and was named for the Austrian city near where it was found. ANSWER: Venus of Willendorf  Like the Venus of Willendorf, the female figures of this Aegean civilization of the Chalcolithic are nude, with arms folded across their stomachs. Most are marble, flat, and highly geometric. ANSWER: Cyclades or Cycladic  The Minoans are responsible for these figurines linked by Arthur Evans to the Egyptian Wadjet. They are statuettes of skirted women with exposed breasts and a sacral knot. ANSWER: Snake Goddesses 18. This humanist theologian took the pro-rape-and-pillage side in a famous debate. For 10 points each:  Name this man who argued in favor of subjugating New World natives, analogizing them “as children to parents, as women are to men, as cruel people are from mild people.” ANSWER: Juan de Sepulveda  This was the 1550 debate where Sepulveda made his case. It is named for the city where it took place, then the seat of the Hapsburg court. ANSWER: Valladolid Debate  Arguing for humane treatment in the Valladolid Debate was this man, the author of A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, which appeals to Charles V and Phillip II explicitly as good Christians ANSWER: Bartolome de las Casas 19. This poet‟s “To a Mine” includes the lines “You bleed luminous metals from the mountain‟s veins... Do you think--what shameful deceit--you plunder wealth from Indian soil?” For 10 points each:  Name this Spanish golden age poet of works such as the sonnet “At Christopher Columbus‟ Tomb.” ANSWER: Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas  Quevedo‟s poem “To a Nose” is thought to refer to this arch-rival poet in possibly anti-Semitic fashion. That rival‟s works include “Fable of Polyphemous and Galatea” and “Solitudes,” and he inspired the Generation of „27. ANSWER: Luis de Gongora  Quevedo was friendlier with this author of twelve Exemplary Novels and a novel about Sancho Panza and a knight of La Mancha. ANSWER: Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra 20. Max Born performed a version of this experiment in which an additional aperture was added. For ten points each, identify the following about a seminal physics experiment and its variants. . First performed in 1803, this experiment in which light is shined through a certain number of openings demonstrated the wave-particle duality of light. ANSWER: Young‟s Double-Slit Experiment . When a solenoid is placed behind the slits of the double-slit apparatus, this doubly eponymous quantum effect can occur. It manifests itself as a geometric phase shift in the wavefunction of the charged particles that make up the beam. ANSWER: Aharonov-Bohm effect . The phase shift that occurs in the Aharonov-Bohm effect depends on this magnetic quantity, the curl of which is equal to the magnetic field. ANSWER: Magnetic Vector Potential (Prompt on “Magnetic Potential” and “A;” don‟t prompt or accept “potential”).
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