Discover how all these systems work together so that you are to be able to do everything in your everyday life.
The human body is an intricate and complex network of interrelated systems. It is perfectly synchronized to be born, grow, and reproduce. It is important to stay as healthy as possible, by eating the right foods, staying active, and making the right choices, as these systems work hard for you to continue to live and to extend your life.
Also known as the dermal system, it consisted of the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands. This system has multiple roles in homeostasis, including protection, temperature regulation, biochemical synthesis, sensory reception, and absorption. There are two main layers in the skin, which are the dermis and epidermis. The dermis is the thicker interior layer, while the epidermis is the thinner, exterior layer. The skin is 12%-15% of the body weight making it the heaviest organ in the body. The skin forms a barrier; keeps bacteria, viruses, and other microbes out, and prevents fluid loss. The skin also regulates body temperature by releasing sweat, which helps cool your body. If body temperature drops, the skin reduces sweat production and engages in thermiogenesis, or heat generation, by increasing metabolic rate and by shivering. The skin has over two million pores with sweat glands. The pores in the skin releases waste products, which includes perspiration. If pores did not exist, waste would accumulate in the body and we will all die out. Hair and nails are structures that emerge from the skin. Except on the palm of the hands, the soles of the feet, and on lips, the skin is covered with dead hair. The hair is only alive when it is in the dermis, where it grows. The nails are formed with the same substances as a bird’s claw and a horse’s hoof. Healthy nails usually grow one millimeter per week, slightly faster than toenails.
The skeletal system includes all the bones in the body. There are about 300 bones in a newborn baby and about 206 bones in a full-grown adult. Bones provide the structure of the body, give support, and protect the internal organs. Bones allow us to move with the help of the muscular system. They allow us to walk, run, swim, and do any activity or movement. The area where bones meet is called a joint. Muscles are connected to bones by tendons, and bones connect each other by ligaments. Joints allow us to swing our arms and bend our knees and elbows. Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints are the types of joints. Fibrous joints are also called immovable joints. They are attached by a thin layer of strong connective tissue. There is no movement between these joints, such as the sutures of the skull. Cartilaginous joints are where two bones are connected by a layer of white fibro cartilaginous, providing a limited degree of movement, such as the joints in the vertebrae. Synovial joints are freely movable joints, which most of the joints of the body are of this type. Under this category, there are the four main synovial joints. The ball-and-socket joint is formed when the bone with the round head fits into the cup-shaped socket, such as the shoulder joint and hip joint, giving a movement in all directions. The hinge joint is where the convex surface of the bone fits into the concave surface of the other bone, such as the elbow and knee, giving a movement in one plane. The gliding joint gives gliding movement between flat surfaces as the surface slides over one another, such as the tarsals and the carpals. The pivot joint allows for the bones to rotate around one another, such as the radius and the ulna. Inside a bone is the bone marrow, where 2.6 million red blood cells are produced every second. The strongest and heaviest bone in the body is the hollow femur, or the thigh bone, and it is stronger than steel. The smallest bones in the body are the stirrup, hammer, and anvil, all located in the ear.