Sherlock Holmes had Dr. Watson, and Michael Jordan had Scottie Pippen. The rest was history, of course. And while many mammoth corporate success stories are often the vision of a single captain of industry–a Henry Ford, a J. P. Morgan or a Larry Ellison–in a few instances they are the work of a tag team of individuals who complement each other’s strengths and may, just as importantly, sharpen each other’s instincts for distinguishing opportunities.
Such is the case with the iconic business duos presented here. These eight famous pairings–one of them infamous for its failure in the final act–present a spectrum of the unique qualities and dynamic teamwork necessary for the effective management of extremely innovative, complex organizations. A variety of top-tier combinations reveal several variations on the theme that two heads are better than one: Some, like Richard Sears and Julius Rosenwald, were marriages of necessity; others, such as Sanjay Jha and Greg Brown, co-CEOs of
The delicate balance required for a successful top-level tandem power structure is no easy achievement, as evidenced by a string of dissolutions; keeping two big personalities in harmony requires a set of unique personality traits on both sides. “It all depends on how they behave and if they can keep their egos in check,” says Harvard Business School Prof. Joseph Bower, author of The CEO Within. “It works remarkably well if you also have strong board members who are able to make it work.”
The challenge, as Bower sees it, is living up to the age-old adage of “diversity in counsel, unity in command”: However many leaders a company has, it has to move forward decisively. But while having a single visionary at the helm is often just what a company requires, the breadth of experience and wisdom offered by a pair of equally guided leaders can also have its advantages. “As long as there is cooperation, a pair will bring greater assets than can come from one person’s intellect,” adds Bower.
Today’s activist shareholders urge boards and CEOs to seek a second opinion or appoint a devil’s advocate that can result in what some believe is a bifurcated structure, as evidenced by the recent push for splitting the roles of CEO and chairman. One of the common arguments for not splitting the roles is that it creates confusion about exactly who is in charge. Another is that it hinders the company’s leadership to communicate with one clear voice. Yet another is that the two get in each other’s way, one reining in the other, forcing a compromised and dulled strategy. However, great business duos learn to sidestep these traps and work together for the greater good of the organization. They improve each other’s ideas without watering them down. They move in concert without stepping on each other’s toes.
The question of what is the optimal executive leadership structure is one the board must answer and be answerable for (though many of the following examples took place before the boardroom had the significance it has today); a director could not find a better starting place from which to view the issue than by looking at the following examples of tandem business success.
“Communication is the cornerstone,” says Belmont University Prof. Jeff Cornwall, who studies business organizational structure. “Successful partners are able to feel comfortable tackling difficult issues without being afraid of hurting each other’s feelings.” Certainly, when addressing high-impact challenges on a day-to-day basis, the best pairings have had a tendency to avoid sugarcoating the issues at hand, and a no-nonsense approach is also required.
Says Cornwall, “Partners must have a similar work ethic, and they should have similar values, but not necessarily similar personalities.” Such advice, along with the examples offered below, affirms John Rockefeller’s maxim that friendship founded on business is preferable to business based on friendship. With such an appropriately sober attitude in mind–and with the implicit advice offered by history’s great duos–one should move confidently in building a capable leadership team.
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