Filled with industrial examples emphasizing the practical applications of crystallization
Based on the authors' hands-on experiences as process engineers at Merck, Crystallization
of Organic Compounds guides readers through the practical aspects of crystallization.
It uses plenty of case studies and examples of crystallization processes, ranging
from development through manufacturing scale-up. The book not only emphasizes
strategies that have been proven successful, it also helps readers avoid common
pitfalls that can render standard procedures unsuccessful.
The goal of this text is twofold:
- Build a deeper understanding of the fundamental properties of crystallization
as well as the impact of these properties on crystallization process development.
- Improve readers' problem-solving abilities by using actual industrial examples
with real process constraints.
Crystallization of Organic Compounds begins with detailed discussions of fundamental
thermodynamic properties, nucleation and crystal growth kinetics, process dynamics,
and scale-up considerations. Next, it investigates modes of operation, including
cooling, evaporation, anti-solvent, and reactive crystallization. The authors
conclude with special applications such as ultrasound in crystallization and
computational fluid dynamics in crystallization. Most chapters feature multiple
examples that guide readers step by step through the crystallization of active
pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
With its focus on industrial applications, this book is recommended for chemical
engineers and chemists who are involved with the development, scale-up, or operation
of crystallization processes in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.
About the Authors
Hsien-Hsin Tung, PhD, was a senior investigator in Pharmaceutical Research
& Development for Merck Research Laboratories until his retirement. Dr.
Tung founded the Crystallization Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Research
& Development, Merck Research Laboratories.
Edward L. Paul, PhD, is retired director of Chemical Engineering Research &
Development at Merck Research Laboratories. In addition to numerous patents
and publications, Dr. Paul was coauthor of several chapters in, and senior editor
of, the Handbook of Industrial Mixing: Science and Practice (Wiley).
Michael Midler, PhD, is retired senior investigator, Chemical Engineering,
with Merck Research Laboratories. His more recent patents and publications are
primarily in processes for crystallization and the mixing of liquids. Dr. Midler
coauthored, with Dr. Paul, 'Mixing in the Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceutical
Industries,' in the Handbook of Industrial Mixing: Science and Practice.
James A. Mccauley, PhD, was a senior investigator in the Analytical Research
Department for Merck Research Laboratories until his retirement. After that,
he served as an adjunct professor for the Pharmaceutical Engineering Training
Program in the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering at Rutgers