The very first slave in Virginia was owned by a black man.
Anthony Johnson was an Angolan African captured and sold as a slave but held as an indentured servant by a merchant in the Colony of Virginia
in 1620, but later freed to become a successful tobacco farmer and
owner of an African slave of his own. However on his death in 1670 a
court ruled that: "as a black man, Anthony Johnson was not a citizen of the colony", and allowed his lands to be seized.
Early in 1620, Johnson was captured by slave traders in his native land of Angola and sold to a merchant belonging to the Virginia Company. He arrived in Virginia in 1621 aboard the James. At this time he was known in the records as "Antonio, a Negro". Johnson was sold to a white planter named Bennetto work on his Virginia tobacco farm.
During this time in the Virginia colony, the Africans were held in
indentured servitude and were often released after a set period.
Many of the more fortunate slaves even received land and equipment
after their contracts for work expired. Bennet allowed Johnson to own
his own plot of land to be used for farming.
In 1622, he almost lost his life due to a Powhatan Indian
attack on his farm. The Powhatan's, who were native to Virginia, were
upset at the advance of the tobacco planters on their business and
planned an attack on Good Friday. Of the fifty-seven men on the farm
where Johnson worked, fifty-two died during the attack.in 1622, 30
Native American nations attacked James town to defend the death of one
of their leaders.
The following year (1622) "Juana, a Negro" arrived aboard the ship Margaret
and was brought in to work on the plantation, where she was the only
woman. They were married and lived together for over forty years.
By around 1635 Anthony and Mary were free, and Anthony changed his name to Anthony Johnson.
Because Johnson had a servant of his own, he claimed 250 acres of land based on the headright system. He is recognized in Virginia court documents when he pled for tax relief after a fire destroyed much of his plantation,  and in a case in which he contested the freedom suit of a servant, John Casor. Johnson won the suit and retained Casor as his servant for life, the first true slave in Virginia.
In the tax-relief case (1653) the justices noted that Anthony and Mary
"have lived Inhabitants in Virginia (above thirty years)" and had been
respected for their "hard labor and known service".
In 1657, Johnson’s white neighbor, Edmund Scarburgh, forged a letter
in which Johnson acknowledged a debt. Even though Johnson was clearly
illiterate and couldn’t have written the letter, the court granted a
substantial amount of Johnson’s land (100 acres) to pay off his "debt".
In 1665, Anthony Johnson and his family moved to Somerset County,
Maryland, and negotiated a lease of a 300 acre plot of land for ninety
nine years. Johnson used this land to start a tobacco farm which he
named Tories Vineyards. 
After Johnson’s death in 1670, a court ruling set a precedent that
would be an important factor in determining the social status of freed
black men in the colonies. A white Virginian planter was allowed to
seize Johnson’s land because a ruling by a local court that said, "as a
black man, Anthony Johnson was not a citizen of the colony." 
Johnson’s children were only able to hold on to enough land to become independent farmers.
The forty remaining acres of Johnson’s original property was
inherited by his grandson John Johnson Jr.. He named the farm Angola, as
a tribute to his grandfathers birth country, but after an inability to
pay taxes lost the land. He died in 1721. 
Slavery was officially established in Virginia in 1654, when Anthony
Johnson, a black man, convinced a court that his servant (also black)
John Casor was his for life. Johnson himself had been brought to
Virginia some years earlier as an indentured servant (a person who must
work to repay a debt, or on contract for so many years in exchange for
food and shelter) but he saved enough money to buy out the remainder of
his contract and that of his wife. The court ruled in Johnson’s favor,
and the very first officially state-recognized slave existed in
Virginia. Johnson eventually became very wealthy and began importing his
own black slaves from Africa. 
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