||This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (February 2015)|
Jovem Guarda (Portuguese for "young guard") was primarily a Brazilian musical television show first aired by Rede Record in 1965, though the term soon expanded so as to designate the entire movement and style surrounding it. The members of the program were singers who had been influenced by the American rock n' roll of the late 1950s and British Invasion bands of the 1960s, though the music often became softer, more naïve versions with light, romantic lyrics aimed at teenagers. They were Roberto Carlos, Erasmo Carlos and Wanderléa, with other bands and musicians appearing on the show as guests.
The style became popularly known as "iê-iê-iê", a term that, like French yé-yé, is most likely based on the freqüent "yeah" cries heard in songs of the period (for instance, the Beatles' "She loves you/Yeah yeah yeah"). Iê-iê-iê was often considered a lesser genre, inferior to the more sophisticated bossa nova and MPB music of the period. Jovem Guarda also became a lucrative business thanks to merchandise that explored its theme and even a couple of themed motion pictures were shot during the period, thus reinforcing the idea of its lack of artistic integrity. However, by the late sixties and early seventies, singers Erasmo Carlos and Roberto Carlos had shown a more mature side to their work and, later, even MPB singers, as Nara Leão, Maria Bethânia, Gal Costa and Elis Regina, would add their material to their repertoires. For a long time, the program was the leader of the audience "youth Sunday afternoons," as the song of Sunday Afternoons Young, Roberto Carlos. But from the end of 1967, audience numbers began to fall, probably as a result of overexposure of the artists, who attended all the programs in order to maximize their income. The spread of the rock led to the artists who performed in the program were depreciated on charges of sold and Americanized by a section of the public preferred the songs of the festivals and then Tropicalia. Thanks to "Young Guard," Brazilian rock began to be recognized throughout South America appeared most avant-garde artists as well, and impressed by the music of youth in the program, as Raul Seixas to his songs with religious themes, mystical and strange and Rita Lee songs that mocked the Brazilian music scene old and new (Burglary a PARTY) and the strange appearance of the rock by the sight of a middle class mother (This so-called rock and roll). The style of the songs were romantic and unconcerned with politics, which led many intellectuals to mock and be against the program that never spoke out against the dictatorship. The most famous episodes was when the release of the album Roberto Carlos "The inimitable" artists and intellectuals began to call the singer of "The Brazilian-Americanized and alienated." The exact difference between the Young Guard led by Roberto Carlos and Tropicalismo Caetano and Gilberto Gil, is not in excencia (which is the rock) but the influence they had: The young guard Roberto Carlos was very influenced by American rock (Elvis Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis and Gene Vincent), while the Tropicalismo was influenced by British rock (The Beatles, Rolling Stones) more intellectual. In Tropicalism still had the influence of Bob Dylan.
- Roberto Carlos The singing style of Roberto Carlos (free, spontaneous and full of life) caused many intellectuals of the song (Augusto de Campos for example) write that he was much more connected to the rhythm of the bossa nova of Joao Gilberto (creator) singing rock, that Elis Regina (who ran the program in Brazil "O Fino da Bossa"). There are even reports that John Gilbert to visit the program Elis Regina surprised to say "It's better to sing ie-ie-ie (as it was called rock in Brazil) than this rickety jazz."
With its light style, fluid and very lightly, Roberto Carlos of Brazil took the audience to delusions, which led him to be called the young King of Music in Brazil and Latin America (years later would be called only King Latin and Brazilian music, because of age. He got a lot of success with the rock "I want it all go to hell," which launched at the beginning of the dictatorship in the country made the madness with everyone wanting to change things.
- Erasmo Carlos Erasmo Carlos the tremendum program. It was the most rock and roll singers among the young guard, and did not use the style of singing bossa novista Roberto (Erasmo has no relationship to this) Carlos. At the same time his style of Brazil won the girls and the song "Come I'm boiling hot," was a huge success as great as his others (among them "The House Party", about the famous rock in Brazil, My fame bad, about a boyfriend who wants to continue being bad in front of his girlfriend and sitting on the edge of a path, recorded after the end of the program in their state of depression).
- Wanderléa The nicey (as it was called), has emerged in the young guard with songs that spoke of the moral issues for Brazilian absurdities of those years (Stop the marriage, his music is one of them).
- Jerry Adriani
- Eduardo Araújo
- The Pops
- Renato e seus Blue Caps
- Lafayette e seu Conjunto
- Os Incríveis
- Ed Wilson
- Ronnie Von There is a big mistake to say that Ronnie Von participated in the Young Guard. He never attended the program, because the press wanted him to create a rivalry with Roberto Carlos. He commanded the "Little World Ronnie Von" which was a precursor of Tropicalism, since it was attended by Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil and Os Mutantes (band named for him). While Roberto Carlos was called "The king of young music," Ronnie Von was considered the "Prince", so the rivalry of the press.
- Golden Boys
- Lafayette [disambiguation needed]
- Celly Campello - pre-Jovem Guarda
- The Fevers
- Rossini Pinto
- É proibido fumar
- Festa de Arromba
- Garota Papo Firme
- Parei na Contramão