<?php
/*
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Copyright CiviCRM LLC. All rights reserved.                        |
 |                                                                    |
 | This work is published under the GNU AGPLv3 license with some      |
 | permitted exceptions and without any warranty. For full license    |
 | and copyright information, see https://civicrm.org/licensing       |
 +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 */

/**
 *
 * @package CRM
 * @copyright CiviCRM LLC https://civicrm.org/licensing
 */
class CRM_Logging_Schema {

  /**
   * Default storage engine for log tables
   *
   * @var string
   */
  const ENGINE = 'InnoDB';

  private $logs = [];
  private $tables = [];

  /**
   * Name of the database where the logging data is stored.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  private $db;

  private $useDBPrefix = TRUE;

  private $reports = [
    'logging/contact/detail',
    'logging/contact/summary',
    'logging/contribute/detail',
    'logging/contribute/summary',
  ];

  /**
   * Columns that should never be subject to logging.
   *
   * CRM-13028 / NYSS-6933 - table => array (cols) - to be excluded from the update statement
   *
   * @var array
   */
  private $exceptions = [
    'civicrm_job' => ['last_run', 'last_run_end'],
    'civicrm_group' => ['cache_date', 'refresh_date'],
  ];

  /**
   * Specifications of all log table including
   *  - engine (default is InnoDB, if not set.)
   *  - engine_config, a string appended to the engine type.
   *    For INNODB  space can be saved with 'ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=4'
   *  - indexes (default is none and they cannot be added unless engine is innodb. If they are added and
   *    engine is not set to innodb an exception will be thrown since quiet acquiescence is easier to miss).
   *  - exceptions (by default those stored in $this->exceptions are included). These are
   *    excluded from the triggers.
   *
   * @var array
   */
  private $logTableSpec = [];

  /**
   * Setting Callback - Validate.
   *
   * @param mixed $value
   * @param array $fieldSpec
   *
   * @return bool
   * @throws CRM_Core_Exception
   */
  public static function checkLoggingSupport(&$value, $fieldSpec) {
    if (!(CRM_Core_DAO::checkTriggerViewPermission(FALSE)) && $value) {
      throw new CRM_Core_Exception(ts("In order to use this functionality, the installation's database user must have privileges to create triggers and views (if binary logging is enabled – this means the SUPER privilege). This install does not have the required privilege(s) enabled."));
    }
    return TRUE;
  }

  /**
   * Setting Callback - On Change.
   *
   * Respond to changes in the "logging" setting. Set up or destroy
   * triggers, etal.
   *
   * @param array $oldValue
   *   List of component names.
   * @param array $newValue
   *   List of component names.
   * @param array $metadata
   *   Specification of the setting (per *.settings.php).
   */
  public static function onToggle($oldValue, $newValue, $metadata) {
    if ($oldValue == $newValue) {
      return;
    }

    $logging = new CRM_Logging_Schema();
    if ($newValue) {
      $logging->enableLogging();
    }
    else {
      $logging->disableLogging();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Populate $this->tables and $this->logs with current db state.
   */
  public function __construct() {
    $civiDBName = $this->getCiviCRMDatabaseName();

    $dao = CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("
SELECT TABLE_NAME
FROM   INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE  TABLE_SCHEMA = '{$civiDBName}'
AND    TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'
AND    TABLE_NAME LIKE 'civicrm_%'
");
    while ($dao->fetch()) {
      $this->tables[] = $dao->TABLE_NAME;
    }
    // Get any non standard table names used for custom groups.
    // include these BEFORE the hook is called.
    $customFieldDAO = CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("
      SELECT DISTINCT table_name as TABLE_NAME FROM civicrm_custom_group
      where table_name NOT LIKE 'civicrm_%';
    ");
    while ($customFieldDAO->fetch()) {
      $this->tables[] = $customFieldDAO->TABLE_NAME;
    }

    // do not log temp import, cache, menu and log tables
    $this->tables = preg_grep('/_cache$/', $this->tables, PREG_GREP_INVERT);
    $this->tables = preg_grep('/_log/', $this->tables, PREG_GREP_INVERT);
    $this->tables = preg_grep('/^civicrm_queue_/', $this->tables, PREG_GREP_INVERT);
    //CRM-14672
    $this->tables = preg_grep('/^civicrm_menu/', $this->tables, PREG_GREP_INVERT);
    // CiviCRM no longer creates temp tables with `_temp` - they are `tmp` - but this is being left in
    // in case extensions do - since we don't want to suddenly start logging them.
    $this->tables = preg_grep('/_temp_/', $this->tables, PREG_GREP_INVERT);
    // CRM-18178
    $this->tables = preg_grep('/_bak$/', $this->tables, PREG_GREP_INVERT);
    $this->tables = preg_grep('/_backup$/', $this->tables, PREG_GREP_INVERT);
    // dev/core#462
    $this->tables = preg_grep('/^civicrm_tmp_/', $this->tables, PREG_GREP_INVERT);

    // do not log civicrm_mailing_event* tables, CRM-12300
    $this->tables = preg_grep('/^civicrm_mailing_event_/', $this->tables, PREG_GREP_INVERT);

    // dev/core#1762 Don't log subscription_history
    $this->tables = preg_grep('/^civicrm_subscription_history/', $this->tables, PREG_GREP_INVERT);

    // Don't log sessions
    $this->tables = preg_grep('/^civicrm_session/', $this->tables, PREG_GREP_INVERT);

    // Don't log entity tables.
    $this->tables = preg_grep('/^civicrm_sk_/', $this->tables, PREG_GREP_INVERT);

    // do not log civicrm_mailing_recipients table, CRM-16193
    $this->tables = array_diff($this->tables, ['civicrm_mailing_recipients']);
    $this->logTableSpec = array_fill_keys($this->tables, []);
    foreach ($this->exceptions as $tableName => $fields) {
      $this->logTableSpec[$tableName]['exceptions'] = $fields;
    }
    CRM_Utils_Hook::alterLogTables($this->logTableSpec);
    $this->tables = array_keys($this->logTableSpec);
    $nonStandardTableNameString = $this->getNonStandardTableNameFilterString();

    $this->db = $this->getDatabaseNameFromDSN(defined('CIVICRM_LOGGING_DSN') ? CIVICRM_LOGGING_DSN : CIVICRM_DSN);
    $this->useDBPrefix = $this->db !== $civiDBName;

    $dao = CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("
SELECT TABLE_NAME
FROM   INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE  TABLE_SCHEMA = '{$this->db}'
AND    TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'
AND    (TABLE_NAME LIKE 'log_civicrm_%' $nonStandardTableNameString )
");
    while ($dao->fetch()) {
      $log = $dao->TABLE_NAME;
      $this->logs[substr($log, 4)] = $log;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Return logging custom data tables.
   */
  public function customDataLogTables() {
    return preg_grep('/^log_civicrm_value_/', $this->logs);
  }

  /**
   * Return custom data tables for specified entity / extends.
   *
   * @param string $extends
   *
   * @return array
   */
  public function entityCustomDataLogTables($extends) {
    $customGroupTables = [];
    foreach (CRM_Core_BAO_CustomGroup::getAll(['extends' => $extends]) as $customGroup) {
      // logging is disabled for the table (e.g by hook) then $this->logs[$customGroup['table_name']]
      // will be empty.
      if (!empty($this->logs[$customGroup['table_name']])) {
        $customGroupTables[$customGroup['table_name']] = $this->logs[$customGroup['table_name']];
      }
    }
    return $customGroupTables;
  }

  /**
   * Disable logging by dropping the triggers (but keep the log tables intact).
   */
  public function disableLogging() {
    $config = CRM_Core_Config::singleton();
    $config->logging = FALSE;

    $this->dropTriggers();

    // invoke the meta trigger creation call
    CRM_Core_DAO::triggerRebuild();

    $this->deleteReports();
  }

  /**
   * Drop triggers for all logged tables.
   *
   * @param string $tableName
   */
  public function dropTriggers($tableName = NULL): void {
    /** @var \Civi\Core\SqlTriggers $sqlTriggers */
    $sqlTriggers = Civi::service('sql_triggers');
    $dao = new CRM_Core_DAO();

    if ($tableName) {
      $tableNames = [$tableName];
    }
    else {
      $tableNames = $this->tables;
    }

    // Sort the table names so the sql output is consistent for those sites
    // loading it asynchronously (using the setting 'logging_no_trigger_permission')
    asort($tableNames);
    foreach ($tableNames as $table) {
      $validName = CRM_Core_DAO::shortenSQLName($table, 48, TRUE);

      // before triggers
      $sqlTriggers->enqueueQuery("DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS {$validName}_before_insert");
      $sqlTriggers->enqueueQuery("DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS {$validName}_before_update");
      $sqlTriggers->enqueueQuery("DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS {$validName}_before_delete");

      // after triggers
      $sqlTriggers->enqueueQuery("DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS {$validName}_after_insert");
      $sqlTriggers->enqueueQuery("DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS {$validName}_after_update");
      $sqlTriggers->enqueueQuery("DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS {$validName}_after_delete");
    }

    // now lets also be safe and drop all triggers that start with
    // civicrm_ if we are dropping all triggers
    // we need to do this to capture all the leftover triggers since
    // we did the shortening trigger name for CRM-11794
    if ($tableName === NULL) {
      $triggers = $dao->executeQuery("SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE 'civicrm_%'");

      while ($triggers->fetch()) {
        $sqlTriggers->enqueueQuery("DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS {$triggers->Trigger}");
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Enable site-wide logging.
   */
  public function enableLogging() {
    $this->fixSchemaDifferences(TRUE);
    $this->addReports();
  }

  /**
   * Sync log tables and rebuild triggers.
   *
   * @param bool $enableLogging : Ensure logging is enabled
   */
  public function fixSchemaDifferences($enableLogging = FALSE) {
    $config = CRM_Core_Config::singleton();
    if ($enableLogging) {
      $config->logging = TRUE;
    }
    if ($config->logging) {
      $this->fixSchemaDifferencesForAll();
    }
    // invoke the meta trigger creation call
    CRM_Core_DAO::triggerRebuild(NULL, TRUE);
  }

  /**
   * Update log tables structure.
   *
   * This function updates log tables to have the log_conn_id type of varchar
   * and also implements the engine change defined by the hook (i.e. INNODB).
   *
   * Note changing engine & adding hook-defined indexes, but not changing back
   * to INNODB if engine has not been deliberately set (by hook) and not
   * dropping indexes. Sysadmin will need to manually intervene to revert to
   * defaults.
   *
   * @param array $params
   *     'updateChangedEngineConfig' - update if the engine config changes?
   *     'forceEngineMigration' - force engine upgrade from ARCHIVE to InnoDB?
   *
   * @return int $updateTablesCount
   * @throws \CRM_Core_Exception
   */
  public function updateLogTableSchema($params) {
    $updateLogConn = FALSE;
    $updatedTablesCount = 0;
    foreach ($this->logs as $mainTable => $logTable) {
      $alterSql = [];
      $tableSpec = $this->logTableSpec[$mainTable];
      $currentEngine = strtoupper($this->getEngineForLogTable($logTable));
      if (!isset($tableSpec['engine']) && $currentEngine == 'ARCHIVE' && $params['forceEngineMigration']) {
        // table uses ARCHIVE engine (the previous default) and no one set an
        // alternative engine via hook_civicrm_alterLogTables => force change to
        // new default
        $tableSpec['engine'] = self::ENGINE;
      }
      $engineChanged = isset($tableSpec['engine']) && (strtoupper($tableSpec['engine']) != $currentEngine);
      $engineConfigChanged = isset($tableSpec['engine_config']) && (strtoupper($tableSpec['engine_config']) != $this->getEngineConfigForLogTable($logTable));
      if ($engineChanged || ($engineConfigChanged && $params['updateChangedEngineConfig'])) {
        $alterSql[] = "ENGINE=" . $tableSpec['engine'] . " " . ($tableSpec['engine_config'] ?? '');
      }
      if (!empty($tableSpec['indexes'])) {
        $indexes = $this->getIndexesForTable($logTable);
        foreach ($tableSpec['indexes'] as $indexName => $indexSpec) {
          if (!in_array($indexName, $indexes)) {
            if (is_array($indexSpec)) {
              $indexSpec = implode(" , ", $indexSpec);
            }
            $alterSql[] = "ADD INDEX {$indexName}($indexSpec)";
          }
        }
      }
      $columns = $this->columnSpecsOf($logTable);
      if (empty($columns['log_conn_id'])) {
        throw new Exception($logTable . print_r($columns, TRUE));
      }
      if ($columns['log_conn_id']['DATA_TYPE'] != 'varchar' || $columns['log_conn_id']['LENGTH'] != 17) {
        $alterSql[] = "MODIFY log_conn_id VARCHAR(17)";
        $updateLogConn = TRUE;
      }
      if (!empty($alterSql)) {
        CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("ALTER TABLE {$this->db}.{$logTable} " . implode(', ', $alterSql), [], TRUE, NULL, FALSE, FALSE);
        $updatedTablesCount++;
      }
    }
    if ($updateLogConn) {
      civicrm_api3('Setting', 'create', ['logging_uniqueid_date' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
    }
    return $updatedTablesCount;
  }

  /**
   * Get the engine for the given table.
   *
   * @param string $table
   *
   * @return string
   */
  public function getEngineForLogTable($table) {
    return strtoupper(CRM_Core_DAO::singleValueQuery("
      SELECT ENGINE FROM information_schema.tables WHERE TABLE_NAME = %1
      AND table_schema = %2
    ", [1 => [$table, 'String'], 2 => [$this->db, 'String']]));
  }

  /**
   * Get the engine config for the given table.
   *
   * @param string $table
   *
   * @return string
   */
  public function getEngineConfigForLogTable($table) {
    return strtoupper(CRM_Core_DAO::singleValueQuery("
      SELECT CREATE_OPTIONS FROM information_schema.tables WHERE TABLE_NAME = %1
      AND table_schema = %2
    ", [1 => [$table, 'String'], 2 => [$this->db, 'String']]));
  }

  /**
   * Get all the indexes in the table.
   *
   * @param string $table
   *
   * @return array
   */
  public function getIndexesForTable($table) {
    $indexes = [];
    $result = CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("
        SELECT constraint_name AS index_name
        FROM information_schema.key_column_usage
        WHERE table_schema = %2 AND table_name = %1
      UNION
        SELECT index_name AS index_name
        FROM information_schema.statistics
        WHERE table_schema = %2 AND table_name = %1
      ",
      [1 => [$table, 'String'], 2 => [$this->db, 'String']]
    );
    while ($result->fetch()) {
      $indexes[] = $result->index_name;
    }
    return $indexes;
  }

  /**
   * Add missing (potentially specified) log table columns for the given table.
   *
   * @param string $table
   *   name of the relevant table.
   * @param array $cols
   *   Mixed array of columns to add or null (to check for the missing columns).
   * @param bool $resetTableCache
   *   Refresh the cache for table before calculating the differences with log table.
   */
  public function fixSchemaDifferencesFor(string $table, array $cols = [], bool $resetTableCache = FALSE): void {
    if (!in_array($table, $this->tables, TRUE)) {
      // Create the table if the log table does not exist and
      // the table is in 'this->tables'. This latter array
      // could have been altered by a hook if the site does not
      // want to log a specific table.
      return;
    }
    if (empty($this->logs[$table])) {
      $this->createLogTableFor($table);
      return;
    }

    if ($resetTableCache) {
      $this->resetSchemaCacheForTable($table);
    }
    $this->resetSchemaCacheForTable("log_$table");

    if (empty($cols)) {
      $cols = $this->columnsWithDiffSpecs($table, "log_$table");
    }

    // If a column that already exists on logging table is being added, we
    // should treat it as a modification.
    $logTableSchema = $this->columnSpecsOf("log_$table");
    if (!empty($cols['ADD'])) {
      foreach ($cols['ADD'] as $colKey => $col) {
        if (array_key_exists($col, $logTableSchema)) {
          $cols['MODIFY'][] = $col;
          unset($cols['ADD'][$colKey]);
        }
      }
    }

    // use the relevant lines from CREATE TABLE to add colums to the log table
    $create = $this->_getCreateQuery($table);
    foreach ((['ADD', 'MODIFY']) as $alterType) {
      if (!empty($cols[$alterType])) {
        foreach ($cols[$alterType] as $col) {
          $line = $this->_getColumnQuery($col, $create);
          CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("ALTER TABLE `{$this->db}`.log_$table {$alterType} {$line}", [], TRUE, NULL, FALSE, FALSE);
        }
      }
    }

    // for any obsolete columns (not null) we just make the column nullable.
    if (!empty($cols['OBSOLETE'])) {
      $create = $this->_getCreateQuery("`{$this->db}`.log_{$table}");
      foreach ($cols['OBSOLETE'] as $col) {
        $line = $this->_getColumnQuery($col, $create);
        // This is just going to make a not null column to nullable
        CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("ALTER TABLE `{$this->db}`.log_$table MODIFY {$line}", [], TRUE, NULL, FALSE, FALSE);
      }
    }

    $this->resetSchemaCacheForTable("log_$table");
  }

  /**
   * Resets schema cache for the given table.
   *
   * @param string $table
   *   Name of the table.
   */
  private function resetSchemaCacheForTable($table) {
    unset(\Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnSpecs'][$table]);
  }

  /**
   * Get query table.
   *
   * @param string $table
   *
   * @return array
   */
  private function _getCreateQuery($table) {
    $dao = CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("SHOW CREATE TABLE {$table}", [], TRUE, NULL, FALSE, FALSE);
    $dao->fetch();
    $create = explode("\n", $dao->Create_Table);
    return $create;
  }

  /**
   * Get column query.
   *
   * @param string $col
   * @param array $createQuery
   *
   * @return array|mixed|string
   */
  private function _getColumnQuery($col, $createQuery) {
    $line = preg_grep("/^  `$col` /", $createQuery);
    $line = rtrim(array_pop($line), ',');
    // CRM-11179
    $line = self::fixTimeStampAndNotNullSQL($line);
    return $line;
  }

  /**
   * Fix schema differences.
   */
  public function fixSchemaDifferencesForAll(): void {
    $diffs = [];
    $this->resetTableColumnsCache();

    foreach ($this->tables as $table) {
      if (empty($this->logs[$table])) {
        $this->createLogTableFor($table);
      }
      else {
        $diffs[$table] = $this->columnsWithDiffSpecs($table, "log_$table");
      }
    }

    foreach ($diffs as $table => $cols) {
      $this->fixSchemaDifferencesFor($table, $cols);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Resets columnSpecs.
   *
   * Resets columnSpecs static array in Civi's $statics to make sure we use the
   * real state of the schema to perform sync operations between core and
   * logging tables.
   */
  private function resetTableColumnsCache() {
    unset(\Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnSpecs']);
  }

  /**
   * Fix timestamp.
   *
   * Log_civicrm_contact.modified_date for example would always be copied from civicrm_contact.modified_date,
   * so there's no need for a default timestamp and therefore we remove such default timestamps
   * also eliminate the NOT NULL constraint, since we always copy and schema can change down the road)
   *
   * @param string $query
   *
   * @return mixed
   */
  public static function fixTimeStampAndNotNullSQL($query) {
    $query = str_ireplace("TIMESTAMP() NOT NULL", "TIMESTAMP NULL", $query);
    $query = str_ireplace("TIMESTAMP NOT NULL", "TIMESTAMP NULL", $query);
    $query = str_ireplace("DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP() ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()", '', $query);
    $query = str_ireplace("DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", '', $query);
    $query = str_ireplace("DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()", '', $query);
    $query = str_ireplace("DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", '', $query);
    $query = str_ireplace("NOT NULL", '', $query);
    return $query;
  }

  /**
   * Add reports.
   */
  private function addReports() {
    $titles = [
      'logging/contact/detail' => ts('Logging Details'),
      'logging/contact/summary' => ts('Contact Logging Report (Summary)'),
      'logging/contribute/detail' => ts('Contribution Logging Report (Detail)'),
      'logging/contribute/summary' => ts('Contribution Logging Report (Summary)'),
    ];
    // enable logging templates
    CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("
            UPDATE civicrm_option_value
            SET is_active = 1
            WHERE value IN ('" . implode("', '", $this->reports) . "')
        ");

    // add report instances
    $domain_id = CRM_Core_Config::domainID();
    foreach ($this->reports as $report) {
      $dao = new CRM_Report_DAO_ReportInstance();
      $dao->domain_id = $domain_id;
      $dao->report_id = $report;
      $dao->title = $titles[$report];
      $dao->permission = 'administer CiviCRM';
      if ($report == 'logging/contact/summary') {
        $dao->is_reserved = 1;
      }
      $dao->insert();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Get an array of column names of the given table.
   *
   * @param string $table
   * @param bool $force
   *
   * @return array
   */
  private function columnsOf($table, $force = FALSE) {
    if ($force || !isset(\Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnsOf'][$table])) {
      $from = (substr($table, 0, 4) == 'log_') ? "`{$this->db}`.$table" : $table;
      $dao = CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("SHOW COLUMNS FROM $from", [], TRUE, NULL, FALSE, FALSE);
      if (is_a($dao, 'DB_Error')) {
        return [];
      }
      \Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnsOf'][$table] = [];
      while ($dao->fetch()) {
        \Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnsOf'][$table][] = CRM_Utils_Type::escape($dao->Field, 'MysqlColumnNameOrAlias');
      }
    }
    return \Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnsOf'][$table];
  }

  /**
   * Get an array of columns and their details like DATA_TYPE, IS_NULLABLE, COLUMN_DEFAULT for the given table.
   *
   * @param string $table
   *
   * @return array
   */
  private function columnSpecsOf($table) {
    static $civiDB = NULL;
    if (empty(\Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnSpecs'])) {
      \Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnSpecs'] = [];
    }
    if (empty(\Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnSpecs']) || !isset(\Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnSpecs'][$table])) {
      if (!$civiDB) {
        $dao = new CRM_Contact_DAO_Contact();
        $civiDB = $dao->_database;
      }

      // NOTE: W.r.t Performance using one query to find all details and storing in static array is much faster
      // than firing query for every given table.
      $query = "
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE, IS_NULLABLE, COLUMN_DEFAULT, COLUMN_TYPE, EXTRA
FROM   INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE  table_schema IN ('{$this->db}', '{$civiDB}')";
      $dao = CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery($query);
      if (is_a($dao, 'DB_Error')) {
        return [];
      }
      while ($dao->fetch()) {
        if (!array_key_exists($dao->TABLE_NAME, \Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnSpecs'])) {
          \Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnSpecs'][$dao->TABLE_NAME] = [];
        }
        \Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnSpecs'][$dao->TABLE_NAME][$dao->COLUMN_NAME] = [
          'COLUMN_NAME' => $dao->COLUMN_NAME,
          'DATA_TYPE' => $dao->DATA_TYPE,
          'IS_NULLABLE' => $dao->IS_NULLABLE,
          'COLUMN_DEFAULT' => $dao->COLUMN_DEFAULT,
          'EXTRA' => $dao->EXTRA,
        ];
        if (($first = strpos($dao->COLUMN_TYPE, '(')) != 0) {
          // this extracts the value between parentheses after the column type.
          // it could be the column length, i.e. "int(8)", "decimal(20,2)")
          // or the permitted values of an enum (e.g. "enum('A','B')")
          $parValue = substr(
            $dao->COLUMN_TYPE, $first + 1, strpos($dao->COLUMN_TYPE, ')') - $first - 1
          );
          if (!str_contains($parValue, "'")) {
            // no quote in value means column length
            \Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnSpecs'][$dao->TABLE_NAME][$dao->COLUMN_NAME]['LENGTH'] = $parValue;
          }
          else {
            // single quote means enum permitted values
            \Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnSpecs'][$dao->TABLE_NAME][$dao->COLUMN_NAME]['ENUM_VALUES'] = $parValue;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return \Civi::$statics[__CLASS__]['columnSpecs'][$table];
  }

  /**
   * Get columns that have changed.
   *
   * @param string $civiTable
   * @param string $logTable
   *
   * @return array
   */
  public function columnsWithDiffSpecs($civiTable, $logTable) {
    $civiTableSpecs = $this->columnSpecsOf($civiTable);
    $logTableSpecs = $this->columnSpecsOf($logTable);

    $diff = ['ADD' => [], 'MODIFY' => [], 'OBSOLETE' => []];

    // Columns to be added
    $diff['ADD'] = array_diff(array_keys($civiTableSpecs), array_keys($logTableSpecs));

    // Columns to be modified
    // Only pick columns where there is a spec change and the column definition was not deliberately modified by
    // fixTimeStampAndNotNullSQL() method, also accounting for differences in db version.
    foreach ($civiTableSpecs as $col => $colSpecs) {
      if (!isset($logTableSpecs[$col]) || !is_array($logTableSpecs[$col])) {
        $logTableSpecs[$col] = [];
      }
      $specDiff = array_diff($civiTableSpecs[$col], $logTableSpecs[$col]);
      if (!empty($specDiff) && $col !== 'id' && !in_array($col, $diff['ADD'])) {
        if (empty($colSpecs['EXTRA']) || (!empty($colSpecs['EXTRA']) && $colSpecs['EXTRA'] !== 'auto_increment')) {
          // ignore 'id' column for any spec changes, to avoid any auto-increment mysql errors
          if ($civiTableSpecs[$col]['DATA_TYPE'] != ($logTableSpecs[$col]['DATA_TYPE'] ?? NULL)
            // We won't alter the log if the length is decreased in case some of the existing data won't fit.
            || ($civiTableSpecs[$col]['LENGTH'] ?? 0) > ($logTableSpecs[$col]['LENGTH'] ?? 0)
          ) {
            // if data-type is different, surely consider the column
            $diff['MODIFY'][] = $col;
          }
          elseif ($civiTableSpecs[$col]['DATA_TYPE'] === 'enum' &&
            ($civiTableSpecs[$col]['ENUM_VALUES'] ?? NULL) != ($logTableSpecs[$col]['ENUM_VALUES'] ?? NULL)
          ) {
            // column is enum and the permitted values have changed
            $diff['MODIFY'][] = $col;
          }
          elseif ($civiTableSpecs[$col]['IS_NULLABLE'] != ($logTableSpecs[$col]['IS_NULLABLE'] ?? NULL) &&
            $logTableSpecs[$col]['IS_NULLABLE'] === 'NO'
          ) {
            // if is-null property is different, and log table's column is NOT-NULL, surely consider the column
            $diff['MODIFY'][] = $col;
          }
          elseif (
            $civiTableSpecs[$col]['COLUMN_DEFAULT'] != ($logTableSpecs[$col]['COLUMN_DEFAULT'] ?? NULL)
            && !stristr(($civiTableSpecs[$col]['COLUMN_DEFAULT'] ?? ''), 'timestamp')
            && !($civiTableSpecs[$col]['COLUMN_DEFAULT'] === NULL && ($logTableSpecs[$col]['COLUMN_DEFAULT'] ?? NULL) === 'NULL')
          ) {
            // if default property is different, and its not about a timestamp column, consider it
            $diff['MODIFY'][] = $col;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // columns to made obsolete by turning into not-null
    $oldCols = array_diff(array_keys($logTableSpecs), array_keys($civiTableSpecs));
    foreach ($oldCols as $col) {
      if (!in_array($col, ['log_date', 'log_conn_id', 'log_user_id', 'log_action']) &&
        $logTableSpecs[$col]['IS_NULLABLE'] === 'NO'
        // This could be to support replication - https://lab.civicrm.org/dev/core/-/issues/2120
        && $logTableSpecs[$col]['EXTRA'] !== 'auto_increment'
      ) {
        // if its a column present only in log table, not among those used by log tables for special purpose, and not-null
        $diff['OBSOLETE'][] = $col;
      }
    }

    return $diff;
  }

  /**
   * Getter for logTableSpec.
   *
   * @return array
   */
  public function getLogTableSpec() {
    return $this->logTableSpec;
  }

  /**
   * Return a list of log table names.
   *
   * @return array
   */
  public function getLogTableNames() {
    return array_values($this->logs);
  }

  /**
   * Create a log table with schema mirroring the given table’s structure and seeding it with the given table’s contents.
   *
   * @param string $table
   */
  private function createLogTableFor($table) {
    $dao = CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("SHOW CREATE TABLE $table", [], TRUE, NULL, FALSE, FALSE);
    $dao->fetch();
    $query = $dao->Create_Table;

    // rewrite the queries into CREATE TABLE queries for log tables:
    $cols = <<<COLS
            ,
            log_date    TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
            log_conn_id VARCHAR(17),
            log_user_id INTEGER,
            log_action  ENUM('Initialization', 'Insert', 'Update', 'Delete')
COLS;

    if (!empty($this->logTableSpec[$table]['indexes'])) {
      foreach ($this->logTableSpec[$table]['indexes'] as $indexName => $indexSpec) {
        if (is_array($indexSpec)) {
          $indexSpec = implode(" , ", $indexSpec);
        }
        $cols .= ", INDEX {$indexName}($indexSpec)";
      }
    }

    // - prepend the name with log_
    // - drop AUTO_INCREMENT columns
    // - drop non-column rows of the query (keys, constraints, etc.)
    // - set the ENGINE to the specified engine (default is INNODB)
    // - add log-specific columns (at the end of the table)
    $query = preg_replace("/^CREATE TABLE `$table`/i", "CREATE TABLE `{$this->db}`.log_$table", $query);
    $query = preg_replace("/ AUTO_INCREMENT/i", '', $query);
    $query = preg_replace("/^  [^`].*$/m", '', $query);
    $engine = strtoupper(empty($this->logTableSpec[$table]['engine']) ? self::ENGINE : $this->logTableSpec[$table]['engine']);
    $engine .= " " . ($this->logTableSpec[$table]['engine_config'] ?? '');
    if (str_contains($engine, 'ROW_FORMAT')) {
      $query = preg_replace("/ROW_FORMAT=\w+/m", '', $query);
    }
    $query = preg_replace("/^\) ENGINE=[^ ]+ /im", ') ENGINE=' . $engine . ' ', $query);

    // log_civicrm_contact.modified_date for example would always be copied from civicrm_contact.modified_date,
    // so there's no need for a default timestamp and therefore we remove such default timestamps
    // also eliminate the NOT NULL constraint, since we always copy and schema can change down the road)
    $query = self::fixTimeStampAndNotNullSQL($query);
    $query = preg_replace("/(,*\n*\) )ENGINE/m", "$cols\n) ENGINE", $query);

    CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery($query, [], TRUE, NULL, FALSE, FALSE);

    $columns = implode(', ', $this->columnsOf($table));
    CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("INSERT INTO `{$this->db}`.log_$table ($columns, log_conn_id, log_user_id, log_action) SELECT $columns, @uniqueID, @civicrm_user_id, 'Initialization' FROM {$table}", [], TRUE, NULL, FALSE, FALSE);

    $this->tables[] = $table;
    if (empty($this->logs)) {
      civicrm_api3('Setting', 'create', ['logging_uniqueid_date' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
      civicrm_api3('Setting', 'create', ['logging_all_tables_uniquid' => 1]);
    }
    $this->logs[$table] = "log_$table";
  }

  /**
   * Delete reports.
   */
  private function deleteReports() {
    // disable logging templates
    CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("
            UPDATE civicrm_option_value
            SET is_active = 0
            WHERE value IN ('" . implode("', '", $this->reports) . "')
        ");

    // delete report instances
    $domain_id = CRM_Core_Config::domainID();
    foreach ($this->reports as $report) {
      $dao = new CRM_Report_DAO_ReportInstance();
      $dao->domain_id = $domain_id;
      $dao->report_id = $report;
      $dao->delete();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Predicate whether logging is enabled.
   */
  public function isEnabled() {
    if (\Civi::settings()->get('logging')) {
      return ($this->tablesExist() && (\Civi::settings()->get('logging_no_trigger_permission') || $this->triggersExist()));
    }
    return FALSE;
  }

  /**
   * Predicate whether any log tables exist.
   */
  private function tablesExist() {
    return !empty($this->logs);
  }

  /**
   * Drop all log tables.
   *
   * This does not currently have a usage outside the tests.
   */
  public function dropAllLogTables() {
    if ($this->tablesExist()) {
      foreach ($this->logs as $log_table) {
        CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery("DROP TABLE $log_table");
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Get an sql clause to find the names of any log tables that do not match the normal pattern.
   *
   * Most tables are civicrm_xxx with the log table being log_civicrm_xxx
   * However, they don't have to match this pattern (e.g when defined by hook) so find the
   * anomalies and return a filter string to include them.
   *
   * @return string
   */
  public function getNonStandardTableNameFilterString() {
    $nonStandardTableNames = preg_grep('/^civicrm_/', $this->tables, PREG_GREP_INVERT);
    if (empty($nonStandardTableNames)) {
      return '';
    }
    $nonStandardTableLogs = [];
    foreach ($nonStandardTableNames as $nonStandardTableName) {
      $nonStandardTableLogs[] = "'log_{$nonStandardTableName}'";
    }
    return " OR TABLE_NAME IN (" . implode(',', $nonStandardTableLogs) . ")";
  }

  /**
   * Predicate whether the logging triggers are in place.
   */
  private function triggersExist() {
    // FIXME: probably should be a bit more thorough…
    // note that the LIKE parameter is TABLE NAME
    return (bool) CRM_Core_DAO::singleValueQuery("SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE 'civicrm_contact'");
  }

  /**
   * Get trigger info.
   *
   * @param array $info
   * @param string|null $tableName
   * @param bool $force
   */
  public function triggerInfo(&$info, $tableName = NULL, $force = FALSE) {
    if (!CRM_Core_Config::singleton()->logging) {
      return;
    }

    $insert = ['INSERT'];
    $update = ['UPDATE'];
    $delete = ['DELETE'];

    if ($tableName) {
      $tableNames = [$tableName];
    }
    else {
      $tableNames = $this->tables;
    }

    // logging is enabled, so now lets create the trigger info tables
    foreach ($tableNames as $table) {
      if (!isset($this->logTableSpec[$table])) {
        // Per testIgnoreCustomTableByHook this would be unset if a hook had
        // intervened to prevent logging / triggers on this table.
        // This could go to the extent of blocking the updates to 'modified_date'
        // which makes sense, in particular, for calculated fields.
        continue;
      }
      $columns = $this->columnsOf($table, $force);

      // only do the change if any data has changed
      $cond = [];
      foreach ($columns as $column) {
        $tableExceptions = array_key_exists('exceptions', $this->logTableSpec[$table]) ? $this->logTableSpec[$table]['exceptions'] : [];
        // ignore modified_date changes
        $tableExceptions[] = 'modified_date';
        // Ignore cache_fill_took column on civicrm_group.
        $tableExceptions[] = 'cache_fill_took';
        // exceptions may be provided with or without backticks
        $excludeColumn = in_array($column, $tableExceptions) ||
          in_array(str_replace('`', '', $column), $tableExceptions);
        if (!$excludeColumn) {
          $cond[] = "IFNULL(OLD.$column,'') <> IFNULL(NEW.$column,'')";
        }
      }
      $suppressLoggingCond = "@civicrm_disable_logging IS NULL OR @civicrm_disable_logging = 0";
      $updateSQL = "IF ( (" . implode(' OR ', $cond) . ") AND ( $suppressLoggingCond ) ) THEN ";

      if ($this->useDBPrefix) {
        $sqlStmt = "INSERT INTO `{$this->db}`.log_{tableName} (";
      }
      else {
        $sqlStmt = "INSERT INTO log_{tableName} (";
      }
      foreach ($columns as $column) {
        $sqlStmt .= "$column, ";
      }
      $sqlStmt .= "log_conn_id, log_user_id, log_action) VALUES (";

      $insertSQL = $deleteSQL = "IF ( $suppressLoggingCond ) THEN $sqlStmt ";
      $updateSQL .= $sqlStmt;

      $sqlStmt = '';
      foreach ($columns as $column) {
        $sqlStmt .= "NEW.$column, ";
        $deleteSQL .= "OLD.$column, ";
      }
      if (civicrm_api3('Setting', 'getvalue', ['name' => 'logging_uniqueid_date'])) {
        // Note that when connecting directly via mysql @uniqueID may not be set so a fallback is
        // 'c_' to identify a non-CRM connection + timestamp to the hour + connection_id
        // If the connection_id is longer than 6 chars it will be truncated.
        // We tried setting the @uniqueID in the trigger but it was unreliable.
        // An external interaction could split over 2 connections & it seems worth blocking the revert on
        // these reports & adding extra permissioning to the api for this.
        $connectionSQLString = "COALESCE(@uniqueID, LEFT(CONCAT('c_', unix_timestamp()/3600, CONNECTION_ID()), 17))";
      }
      else {
        // The log tables have not yet been converted to have varchar(17) fields for log_conn_id.
        // Continue to use the less reliable connection_id for al tables for now.
        $connectionSQLString = "CONNECTION_ID()";
      }
      $sqlStmt .= $connectionSQLString . ", @civicrm_user_id, '{eventName}'); END IF;";
      $deleteSQL .= $connectionSQLString . ", @civicrm_user_id, '{eventName}'); END IF;";

      $insertSQL .= $sqlStmt;
      $updateSQL .= $sqlStmt;

      $info[] = [
        'table' => [$table],
        'when' => 'AFTER',
        'event' => $insert,
        'sql' => $insertSQL,
      ];

      $info[] = [
        'table' => [$table],
        'when' => 'AFTER',
        'event' => $update,
        'sql' => $updateSQL,
      ];

      $info[] = [
        'table' => [$table],
        'when' => 'AFTER',
        'event' => $delete,
        'sql' => $deleteSQL,
      ];
    }
  }

  /**
   * Disable logging temporarily.
   *
   * This allow logging to be temporarily disabled for certain cases
   * where we want to do a mass cleanup but do not want to bother with
   * an audit trail.
   */
  public static function disableLoggingForThisConnection() {
    if (CRM_Core_Config::singleton()->logging) {
      CRM_Core_DAO::executeQuery('SET @civicrm_disable_logging = 1');
    }
  }

  /**
   * Get all the log tables that reference civicrm_contact.
   *
   * Note that it might make sense to wrap this in a getLogTablesForEntity
   * but this is the only entity currently available...
   */
  public function getLogTablesForContact() {
    $tables = array_keys(CRM_Core_DAO::getReferencesToContactTable());
    // This additional hardcoding has been moved from getReferencesToContactTable
    // to here as it is not needed in the other place where the function is called.
    // It may not be needed here either...
    $tables[] = 'civicrm_entity_tag';
    return array_intersect($tables, $this->tables);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve missing log tables.
   *
   * @return array
   */
  public function getMissingLogTables() {
    if ($this->tablesExist()) {
      return array_diff($this->tables, array_keys($this->logs));
    }
    return [];
  }

  /**
   * Get the name of the database from the dsn string.
   *
   * @param string $dsnString
   *
   * @return string
   */
  protected function getDatabaseNameFromDSN($dsnString): string {
    $dsn = CRM_Utils_SQL::autoSwitchDSN($dsnString);
    $dsn = DB::parseDSN($dsn);
    return $dsn['database'];
  }

  /**
   * Get the database name for the CiviCRM connection.
   *
   * Note that we want to get it from the database connection,
   * not the dsn, because there is at least one extension
   * (https://github.com/totten/rpow) that 'meddles' with
   * the DSN string.
   *
   * @return string
   */
  protected function getCiviCRMDatabaseName(): string {
    return (new CRM_Contact_DAO_Contact())->_database;
  }

}
