// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
// Copyright Authors of Cilium

package cmd

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"log/slog"
	"net"
	"net/netip"
	"os"
	"sort"
	"strconv"

	cniInvoke "github.com/containernetworking/cni/pkg/invoke"
	"github.com/containernetworking/cni/pkg/skel"
	cniTypes "github.com/containernetworking/cni/pkg/types"
	cniTypesV1 "github.com/containernetworking/cni/pkg/types/100"
	cniVersion "github.com/containernetworking/cni/pkg/version"
	gops "github.com/google/gops/agent"
	"github.com/google/uuid"
	"github.com/spf13/afero"
	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
	"go4.org/netipx"
	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"

	"github.com/cilium/cilium/api/v1/models"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/client"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/datapath/connector"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/datapath/link"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/datapath/linux/route"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/datapath/linux/safenetlink"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/datapath/linux/sysctl"
	datapathOption "github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/datapath/option"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/datapath/tables"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/defaults"
	endpointid "github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/endpoint/id"
	ipamOption "github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/ipam/option"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/logging"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/logging/hooks"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/logging/logfields"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/mac"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/netns"
	chainingapi "github.com/cilium/cilium/plugins/cilium-cni/chaining/api"
	_ "github.com/cilium/cilium/plugins/cilium-cni/chaining/awscni"
	_ "github.com/cilium/cilium/plugins/cilium-cni/chaining/azure"
	_ "github.com/cilium/cilium/plugins/cilium-cni/chaining/flannel"
	_ "github.com/cilium/cilium/plugins/cilium-cni/chaining/generic-veth"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/plugins/cilium-cni/lib"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/plugins/cilium-cni/types"
)

const (
	// defaultLogMaxBackups is to make sure that we have an upper bound on disk space used by
	// CNI file logging (e.g. < 7 * 100 MB).
	defaultLogMaxBackups = 7
)

var (
	getNetnsCookie = true
)

// Cmd provides methods for the CNI ADD, DEL and CHECK commands.
type Cmd struct {
	logger *slog.Logger
	cfg    EndpointConfigurator
}

// Option allows the customization of the Cmd implementation
type Option func(cmd *Cmd)

// WithEPConfigurator is used to create a Cmd instance with a custom
// endpoint configurator. The endpoint configurator can be used to customize
// the creation of endpoints during the CNI ADD invocation.
// This function is exported to be accessed outside the tree.
func WithEPConfigurator(cfg EndpointConfigurator) Option {
	return func(cmd *Cmd) {
		cmd.cfg = cfg
	}
}

// NewCmd creates a new Cmd instance with Add, Del and Check methods
func NewCmd(logger *slog.Logger, opts ...Option) *Cmd {
	cmd := &Cmd{
		logger: logger,
		cfg:    &DefaultConfigurator{},
	}
	for _, opt := range opts {
		opt(cmd)
	}
	return cmd
}

// CNIFuncs returns the CNI functions supported by Cilium that can be passed to skel.PluginMainFuncs
func (cmd *Cmd) CNIFuncs() skel.CNIFuncs {
	return skel.CNIFuncs{
		Add:    cmd.Add,
		Del:    cmd.Del,
		Check:  cmd.Check,
		Status: cmd.Status,
	}
}

type CmdState struct {
	IP6       netip.Addr
	IP6routes []route.Route
	IP6rules  []route.Rule
	IP4       netip.Addr
	IP4routes []route.Route
	IP4rules  []route.Rule
	HostAddr  *models.NodeAddressing
}

func ipv6IsEnabled(ipam *models.IPAMResponse) bool {
	if ipam == nil || ipam.Address.IPV6 == "" {
		return false
	}

	if ipam.HostAddressing == nil || ipam.HostAddressing.IPV6 == nil {
		return false
	}

	return ipam.HostAddressing.IPV6.Enabled
}

func ipv4IsEnabled(ipam *models.IPAMResponse) bool {
	if ipam == nil || ipam.Address.IPV4 == "" {
		return false
	}

	if ipam.HostAddressing == nil || ipam.HostAddressing.IPV4 == nil {
		return false
	}

	return ipam.HostAddressing.IPV4.Enabled
}

func getConfigFromCiliumAgent(client *client.Client) (*models.DaemonConfigurationStatus, error) {
	configResult, err := client.ConfigGet()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to retrieve configuration from Cilium agent: %w", err)
	}

	if configResult == nil || configResult.Status == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("received empty configuration object from Cilium agent")
	}

	return configResult.Status, nil
}

func allocateIPsWithCiliumAgent(logger *slog.Logger, client *client.Client, cniArgs *types.ArgsSpec, ipamPoolName string) (*models.IPAMResponse, func(context.Context), error) {
	podName := string(cniArgs.K8S_POD_NAMESPACE) + "/" + string(cniArgs.K8S_POD_NAME)

	ipam, err := client.IPAMAllocate("", podName, ipamPoolName, true)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to allocate IP via local cilium agent: %w", err)
	}

	if ipam.Address == nil {
		return nil, nil, errors.New("invalid IPAM response, missing addressing")
	}

	releaseFunc := func(context.Context) {
		if ipam.Address != nil {
			releaseIP(logger, client, ipam.Address.IPV4, ipam.Address.IPV4PoolName)
			releaseIP(logger, client, ipam.Address.IPV6, ipam.Address.IPV6PoolName)
		}
	}

	return ipam, releaseFunc, nil
}

func releaseIP(logger *slog.Logger, client *client.Client, ip, pool string) {
	if ip != "" {
		if err := client.IPAMReleaseIP(ip, pool); err != nil {
			logger.Warn(
				"Unable to release IP",
				logfields.Error, err,
				logfields.IPAddr, ip,
				logfields.PoolName, pool,
			)
		}
	}
}

func allocateIPsWithDelegatedPlugin(
	ctx context.Context,
	conf *models.DaemonConfigurationStatus,
	netConf *types.NetConf,
	stdinData []byte,
) (*models.IPAMResponse, func(context.Context), error) {
	ipamRawResult, err := cniInvoke.DelegateAdd(ctx, netConf.IPAM.Type, stdinData, nil)
	if err != nil {
		// Since IP allocation failed, there are no IPs to clean up, so we don't need to return a releaseFunc.
		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to invoke delegated plugin ADD for IPAM: %w", err)
	}

	// CNI spec says if an error occurs, invoke DEL on the delegated plugin to release IPs.
	releaseFunc := func(ctx context.Context) {
		cniInvoke.DelegateDel(ctx, netConf.IPAM.Type, stdinData, nil)
	}

	ipamResult, err := cniTypesV1.NewResultFromResult(ipamRawResult)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, releaseFunc, fmt.Errorf("could not interpret delegated IPAM result for CNI version %s: %w", cniTypesV1.ImplementedSpecVersion, err)
	}

	// Translate the IPAM result into the same format as a response from Cilium agent.
	ipam := &models.IPAMResponse{
		HostAddressing: conf.Addressing,
		Address:        &models.AddressPair{},
	}

	// Safe to assume at most one IP per family. The K8s API docs say:
	// "Pods may be allocated at most 1 value for each of IPv4 and IPv6"
	// https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/workload-resources/pod-v1/
	// Interface returned by IPAM should be treated as the uplink for the Pod as CNI spec introduced by:
	// https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/pull/1137
	masterMac := ""
	for _, iface := range ipamResult.Interfaces {
		if iface.Sandbox != "" {
			continue
		}

		if iface.Mac != "" {
			if ifMac, err := net.ParseMAC(iface.Mac); err != nil {
				return nil, releaseFunc, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse interface MAC %q: %w", iface.Mac, err)
			} else {
				masterMac = ifMac.String()
			}
		} else if iface.Name != "" {
			if uplink, err := safenetlink.LinkByName(iface.Name); err != nil {
				return nil, releaseFunc, fmt.Errorf("failed to get uplink %q: %w", iface.Name, err)
			} else {
				masterMac = uplink.Attrs().HardwareAddr.String()
			}
		}
		break
	}
	// Interface number could not be determined from IPAM result for now.
	// Set a static value zero before we have a proper solution.
	// option.Config.EgressMultiHomeIPRuleCompat also needs to be set to true.
	for _, ipConfig := range ipamResult.IPs {
		ipNet := ipConfig.Address
		if ipNet.IP.To4() != nil {
			if conf.Addressing.IPV4 != nil {
				ipam.Address.IPV4 = ipNet.String()
				ipam.IPV4 = &models.IPAMAddressResponse{
					IP:              ipNet.IP.String(),
					Gateway:         ipConfig.Gateway.String(),
					MasterMac:       masterMac,
					InterfaceNumber: "0",
				}
			}
		} else {
			if conf.Addressing.IPV6 != nil {
				ipam.Address.IPV6 = ipNet.String()
				ipam.IPV6 = &models.IPAMAddressResponse{
					IP:              ipNet.IP.String(),
					Gateway:         ipConfig.Gateway.String(),
					MasterMac:       masterMac,
					InterfaceNumber: "0",
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return ipam, releaseFunc, nil
}

func addIPConfigToLink(logger *slog.Logger, ip netip.Addr, routes []route.Route, rules []route.Rule, link netlink.Link, ifName string) error {
	logger.Debug(
		"Configuring link",
		logfields.Interface, ifName,
		logfields.IPAddr, ip,
		logfields.NetLink, link,
	)

	addr := &netlink.Addr{IPNet: netipx.AddrIPNet(ip)}
	if ip.Is6() {
		addr.Flags = unix.IFA_F_NODAD
	}
	if err := netlink.AddrAdd(link, addr); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to add addr to %q: %w", ifName, err)
	}

	// Sort provided routes to make sure we apply any more specific
	// routes first which may be used as nexthops in wider routes
	sort.Sort(route.ByMask(routes))

	for _, r := range routes {
		logger.Debug(
			"Adding route",
			logfields.Route, r,
		)
		rt := &netlink.Route{
			LinkIndex: link.Attrs().Index,
			Scope:     netlink.SCOPE_UNIVERSE,
			Dst:       &r.Prefix,
			MTU:       r.MTU,
			Table:     r.Table,
		}

		if r.Nexthop == nil {
			rt.Scope = netlink.SCOPE_LINK
		} else {
			rt.Gw = *r.Nexthop
		}

		if err := netlink.RouteAdd(rt); err != nil {
			if !os.IsExist(err) {
				return fmt.Errorf("failed to add route '%s via %v dev %v': %w",
					r.Prefix.String(), r.Nexthop, ifName, err)
			}
		}
	}

	for _, r := range rules {
		logger.Debug(
			"Adding rule",
			logfields.Rule, r,
		)
		var err error
		if ip.Is4() {
			err = route.ReplaceRule(r)
		} else {
			err = route.ReplaceRuleIPv6(r)
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to add rule '%s for dev %v': %w", r, ifName, err)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func configureIface(logger *slog.Logger, ipam *models.IPAMResponse, ifName string, state *CmdState) (string, error) {
	l, err := safenetlink.LinkByName(ifName)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to lookup %q: %w", ifName, err)
	}

	if err := netlink.LinkSetUp(l); err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to set %q UP: %w", ifName, err)
	}

	if ipv4IsEnabled(ipam) {
		if err := addIPConfigToLink(logger, state.IP4, state.IP4routes, state.IP4rules, l, ifName); err != nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("error configuring IPv4: %w", err)
		}
	}

	if ipv6IsEnabled(ipam) {
		if err := addIPConfigToLink(logger, state.IP6, state.IP6routes, state.IP6rules, l, ifName); err != nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("error configuring IPv6: %w", err)
		}
	}

	if l.Attrs() != nil {
		return l.Attrs().HardwareAddr.String(), nil
	}

	return "", nil
}

func newCNIRoute(r route.Route) *cniTypes.Route {
	rt := &cniTypes.Route{
		Dst: r.Prefix,
		MTU: r.MTU,
	}
	if r.Nexthop != nil {
		rt.GW = *r.Nexthop
	}

	return rt
}

func prepareIP(ipAddr string, state *CmdState, mtu int) (*cniTypesV1.IPConfig, []*cniTypes.Route, error) {
	var (
		routes []route.Route
		gw     string
		ip     netip.Addr
	)

	// This handles both scenarios for handling IPaddress as CIDR as well as IPaddress
	// from delegated Ipam and cilium-agent
	ipPrefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(ipAddr)
	if err != nil {
		ip, err = netip.ParseAddr(ipAddr)
	} else {
		ip = ipPrefix.Addr()
	}

	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	if ip.Is6() {
		state.IP6 = ip
		if state.HostAddr != nil {
			if routes, err = connector.IPv6Routes(state.HostAddr, mtu); err != nil {
				return nil, nil, err
			}
			state.IP6routes = append(state.IP6routes, routes...)
			gw = connector.IPv6Gateway(state.HostAddr)
		}
	} else {
		state.IP4 = ip
		if state.HostAddr != nil {
			if routes, err = connector.IPv4Routes(state.HostAddr, mtu); err != nil {
				return nil, nil, err
			}
			state.IP4routes = append(state.IP4routes, routes...)
			gw = connector.IPv4Gateway(state.HostAddr)
		}
	}

	rt := make([]*cniTypes.Route, 0, len(routes))
	for _, r := range routes {
		rt = append(rt, newCNIRoute(r))
	}

	var gwIP net.IP
	if gw != "" {
		gwIP = net.ParseIP(gw)
		if gwIP == nil {
			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid gateway address: %s", gw)
		}
	}

	return &cniTypesV1.IPConfig{
		Address: *netipx.AddrIPNet(ip),
		Gateway: gwIP,
	}, rt, nil
}

func (cmd *Cmd) setupLogging(n *types.NetConf) error {
	f := n.LogFormat
	if f == "" {
		f = string(logging.DefaultLogFormatTimestamp)
	}
	logOptions := logging.LogOptions{
		logging.FormatOpt: f,
		logging.WriterOpt: logging.StdErrOpt,
	}
	err := logging.SetupLogging([]string{}, logOptions, "cilium-cni", n.EnableDebug)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if len(n.LogFile) != 0 {
		logging.AddHandlers(hooks.NewFileRotationLogHook(
			// slogloggercheck: the logger has been initialized with default settings
			logging.GetSlogLevel(logging.DefaultSlogLogger),
			n.LogFile,
			hooks.EnableCompression(),
			hooks.WithMaxBackups(defaultLogMaxBackups),
		))
	}

	// slogloggercheck: The logger has been initialized with options from cilium CNI config.
	cmd.logger = logging.DefaultSlogLogger.With(logfields.LogSubsys, "cilium-cni")
	return nil
}

func reserveLocalIPPorts(conf *models.DaemonConfigurationStatus, sysctl sysctl.Sysctl) error {
	if conf.IPLocalReservedPorts == "" {
		return nil
	}

	// Note: This setting applies to IPv4 and IPv6
	var (
		param    = []string{"net", "ipv4", "ip_local_reserved_ports"}
		reserved = conf.IPLocalReservedPorts
	)

	// Append our reserved ports to the ones which might already be reserved.
	existing, err := sysctl.Read(param)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Merging the two sets of ports. Note that the kernel merges any redundant
	// ports or port ranges for us, so we do not have to check if `existing`
	// and `reserved` contain any overlapping ports.
	if existing != "" {
		reserved = existing + "," + reserved
	}
	return sysctl.Write(param, reserved)
}

func configureCongestionControl(conf *models.DaemonConfigurationStatus, sysctl sysctl.Sysctl) error {
	if !conf.EnableBBRHostNamespaceOnly {
		return nil
	}

	// Note: This setting applies to IPv4 and IPv6
	return sysctl.ApplySettings([]tables.Sysctl{
		{Name: []string{"net", "ipv4", "tcp_congestion_control"}, Val: "cubic"},
	})
}

func (cmd *Cmd) Add(args *skel.CmdArgs) (err error) {
	n, err := types.LoadNetConf(args.StdinData)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to parse CNI configuration %q: %w", string(args.StdinData), err)
	}

	if err = cmd.setupLogging(n); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to setup logging: %w", err)
	}

	scopedLogger := buildLogAttrsWithEventID(cmd.logger, args)

	if n.EnableDebug {
		if err := gops.Listen(gops.Options{}); err != nil {
			scopedLogger.Warn("Unable to start gops", logfields.Error, err)
		} else {
			defer gops.Close()
		}
	}
	scopedLogger.Debug(
		"Processing CNI ADD request",
		logfields.NetConf, n,
	)

	if n.PrevResult != nil {
		scopedLogger.Debug(
			"CNI Previous result",
			logfields.Previous, n.PrevResult,
		)
	}

	cniArgs := &types.ArgsSpec{}
	if err = cniTypes.LoadArgs(args.Args, cniArgs); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to extract CNI arguments: %w", err)
	}
	scopedLogger = buildLogAttrsWithCNIArgs(scopedLogger, cniArgs)

	c, err := client.NewDefaultClientWithTimeout(defaults.ClientConnectTimeout)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to connect to Cilium agent: %w", client.Hint(err))
	}

	conf, err := getConfigFromCiliumAgent(c)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// If CNI ADD gives us a PrevResult, we're a chained plugin and *must* detect a
	// valid chained mode. If no chained mode we understand is specified, error out.
	// Otherwise, continue with normal plugin execution.
	if len(n.NetConf.RawPrevResult) != 0 {
		if chainAction, err := getChainedAction(n, scopedLogger); chainAction != nil {
			var (
				res *cniTypesV1.Result
				ctx = chainingapi.PluginContext{
					Logger:     scopedLogger,
					Args:       args,
					CniArgs:    cniArgs,
					NetConf:    n,
					CiliumConf: conf,
				}
			)

			res, err = chainAction.Add(context.TODO(), ctx, c)
			if err != nil {
				scopedLogger.Warn("Chained ADD failed", logfields.Error, err)
				return err
			}
			scopedLogger.Debug("Returning result", logfields.Result, res)
			return cniTypes.PrintResult(res, n.CNIVersion)
		} else if err != nil {
			scopedLogger.Error("Invalid chaining mode", logfields.Error, err)
			return err
		} else {
			// no chained action supplied; this is an error
			const errMsg = "CNI PrevResult supplied, but not in chaining mode -- this is invalid, please set chaining-mode in CNI configuration"
			scopedLogger.Error(errMsg)
			return errors.New(errMsg)
		}
	}

	res := &cniTypesV1.Result{}
	configs, err := cmd.cfg.GetConfigurations(ConfigurationParams{scopedLogger, conf, args, cniArgs})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determine endpoint configuration: %w", err)
	}

	ns, err := netns.OpenPinned(args.Netns)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("opening netns pinned at %s: %w", args.Netns, err)
	}
	defer ns.Close()

	sysctl := sysctl.NewDirectSysctl(afero.NewOsFs(), "/proc")

	for _, epConf := range configs {
		if err = ns.Do(func() error {
			return link.DeleteByName(epConf.IfName())
		}); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed removing interface %q from namespace %q: %w",
				epConf.IfName(), args.Netns, err)
		}

		var ipam *models.IPAMResponse
		var releaseIPsFunc func(context.Context)
		if conf.IpamMode == ipamOption.IPAMDelegatedPlugin {
			ipam, releaseIPsFunc, err = allocateIPsWithDelegatedPlugin(context.TODO(), conf, n, args.StdinData)
		} else {
			ipam, releaseIPsFunc, err = allocateIPsWithCiliumAgent(scopedLogger, c, cniArgs, epConf.IPAMPool())
		}

		// release addresses on failure
		defer func() {
			if err != nil && releaseIPsFunc != nil {
				releaseIPsFunc(context.TODO())
			}
		}()

		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err = connector.SufficientAddressing(ipam.HostAddressing); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("IP allocation addressing is insufficient: %w", err)
		}

		if !ipv6IsEnabled(ipam) && !ipv4IsEnabled(ipam) {
			return errors.New("IPAM did provide neither IPv4 nor IPv6 address")
		}

		state, ep, err := epConf.PrepareEndpoint(ipam)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unable to prepare endpoint configuration: %w", err)
		}

		cniID := ep.ContainerID + ":" + ep.ContainerInterfaceName
		linkConfig := connector.LinkConfig{
			GROIPv6MaxSize: int(conf.GROMaxSize),
			GSOIPv6MaxSize: int(conf.GSOMaxSize),
			GROIPv4MaxSize: int(conf.GROIPV4MaxSize),
			GSOIPv4MaxSize: int(conf.GSOIPV4MaxSize),
			DeviceMTU:      int(conf.DeviceMTU),
		}
		var hostLink, epLink netlink.Link
		var tmpIfName string
		var l2Mode bool
		switch conf.DatapathMode {
		case datapathOption.DatapathModeVeth:
			l2Mode = true
			hostLink, epLink, tmpIfName, err = connector.SetupVeth(scopedLogger, cniID, linkConfig, sysctl)
		case datapathOption.DatapathModeNetkit, datapathOption.DatapathModeNetkitL2:
			l2Mode = conf.DatapathMode == datapathOption.DatapathModeNetkitL2
			hostLink, epLink, tmpIfName, err = connector.SetupNetkit(scopedLogger, cniID, linkConfig, l2Mode, sysctl)
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unable to set up link on host side: %w", err)
		}
		defer func() {
			if err != nil {
				if err2 := netlink.LinkDel(hostLink); err2 != nil {
					scopedLogger.Warn(
						"Failed to clean up and delete link",
						logfields.Error, err2,
						logfields.Veth, hostLink.Attrs().Name,
					)
				}
			}
		}()

		iface := &cniTypesV1.Interface{
			Name: hostLink.Attrs().Name,
		}
		if l2Mode {
			iface.Mac = hostLink.Attrs().HardwareAddr.String()
		}
		res.Interfaces = append(res.Interfaces, iface)

		if err := netlink.LinkSetNsFd(epLink, ns.FD()); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unable to move netkit pair %q to netns %s: %w", epLink, args.Netns, err)
		}
		err = connector.RenameLinkInRemoteNs(ns, tmpIfName, epConf.IfName())
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unable to set up netkit on container side: %w", err)
		}

		if l2Mode {
			ep.Mac = epLink.Attrs().HardwareAddr.String()
			ep.HostMac = hostLink.Attrs().HardwareAddr.String()
		}
		ep.InterfaceIndex = int64(hostLink.Attrs().Index)
		ep.InterfaceName = hostLink.Attrs().Name

		var (
			ipConfig   *cniTypesV1.IPConfig
			ipv6Config *cniTypesV1.IPConfig
			routes     []*cniTypes.Route
		)
		if ipv6IsEnabled(ipam) && conf.Addressing.IPV6 != nil {
			ep.Addressing.IPV6 = ipam.Address.IPV6
			ep.Addressing.IPV6PoolName = ipam.Address.IPV6PoolName
			ep.Addressing.IPV6ExpirationUUID = ipam.IPV6.ExpirationUUID

			ipv6Config, routes, err = prepareIP(ep.Addressing.IPV6, state, int(conf.RouteMTU))
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("unable to prepare IP addressing for %s: %w", ep.Addressing.IPV6, err)
			}
			// set the addresses interface index to that of the container-side interface
			ipv6Config.Interface = cniTypesV1.Int(len(res.Interfaces))
			res.IPs = append(res.IPs, ipv6Config)
			res.Routes = append(res.Routes, routes...)
		}

		if ipv4IsEnabled(ipam) && conf.Addressing.IPV4 != nil {
			ep.Addressing.IPV4 = ipam.Address.IPV4
			ep.Addressing.IPV4PoolName = ipam.Address.IPV4PoolName
			ep.Addressing.IPV4ExpirationUUID = ipam.IPV4.ExpirationUUID

			ipConfig, routes, err = prepareIP(ep.Addressing.IPV4, state, int(conf.RouteMTU))
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("unable to prepare IP addressing for %s: %w", ep.Addressing.IPV4, err)
			}
			// set the addresses interface index to that of the container-side interface
			ipConfig.Interface = cniTypesV1.Int(len(res.Interfaces))
			res.IPs = append(res.IPs, ipConfig)
			res.Routes = append(res.Routes, routes...)
		}

		if needsEndpointRoutingOnHost(conf) {
			if ipam.IPV4 != nil && ipConfig != nil {
				err = interfaceAdd(scopedLogger, ipConfig, ipam.IPV4, conf)
				if err != nil {
					return fmt.Errorf("unable to setup interface datapath: %w", err)
				}
			}

			if ipam.IPV6 != nil && ipv6Config != nil {
				err = interfaceAdd(scopedLogger, ipv6Config, ipam.IPV6, conf)
				if err != nil {
					return fmt.Errorf("unable to setup interface datapath: %w", err)
				}
			}
		}

		var macAddrStr string

		if err = ns.Do(func() error {
			if err := reserveLocalIPPorts(conf, sysctl); err != nil {
				scopedLogger.Warn(
					"Unable to reserve local ip ports",
					logfields.Error, err,
				)
			}

			if ipv6IsEnabled(ipam) {
				if err := sysctl.Disable([]string{"net", "ipv6", "conf", "all", "disable_ipv6"}); err != nil {
					scopedLogger.Warn(
						"Unable to enable ipv6 on all interfaces",
						logfields.Error, err,
					)
				}
			}
			macAddrStr, err = configureIface(scopedLogger, ipam, epConf.IfName(), state)
			return err
		}); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unable to configure interfaces in container namespace: %w", err)
		}

		var cookie uint64
		if getNetnsCookie {
			if err = ns.Do(func() error {
				cookie, err = netns.GetNetNSCookie()
				return err
			}); err != nil {
				if errors.Is(err, unix.ENOPROTOOPT) {
					getNetnsCookie = false
				}
				scopedLogger.Info(
					"Unable to get netns cookie",
					logfields.Error, err,
					logfields.ContainerID, args.ContainerID,
				)
			}
		}
		ep.NetnsCookie = strconv.FormatUint(cookie, 10)

		// Specify that endpoint must be regenerated synchronously. See GH-4409.
		ep.SyncBuildEndpoint = true
		var newEp *models.Endpoint
		if newEp, err = c.EndpointCreate(ep); err != nil {
			scopedLogger.Warn(
				"Unable to create endpoint",
				logfields.Error, err,
				logfields.ContainerID, ep.ContainerID,
			)
			return fmt.Errorf("unable to create endpoint: %w", err)
		}
		if newEp != nil && newEp.Status != nil && newEp.Status.Networking != nil && newEp.Status.Networking.Mac != "" {
			// Set the MAC address on the interface in the container namespace
			if conf.DatapathMode != datapathOption.DatapathModeNetkit {
				err = ns.Do(func() error {
					return mac.ReplaceMacAddressWithLinkName(args.IfName, newEp.Status.Networking.Mac)
				})
				if err != nil {
					return fmt.Errorf("unable to set MAC address on interface %s: %w", args.IfName, err)
				}
			}
			macAddrStr = newEp.Status.Networking.Mac
		}
		if err = ns.Do(func() error {
			return configureCongestionControl(conf, sysctl)
		}); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unable to configure congestion control: %w", err)
		}
		res.Interfaces = append(res.Interfaces, &cniTypesV1.Interface{
			Name:    epConf.IfName(),
			Mac:     macAddrStr,
			Sandbox: args.Netns,
		})
		scopedLogger.Debug(
			"Endpoint successfully created",
			logfields.Error, err,
			logfields.ContainerID, ep.ContainerID,
		)
	}

	return cniTypes.PrintResult(res, n.CNIVersion)
}

// Del is invoked on CNI DEL
//
// Note: ENI specific attributes do not need to be released as the ENIs and ENI
// IPs can be reused and are not released until the node terminates.
func (cmd *Cmd) Del(args *skel.CmdArgs) error {
	// Note about when to return errors: kubelet will retry the deletion
	// for a long time. Therefore, only return an error for errors which
	// are guaranteed to be recoverable.
	n, err := types.LoadNetConf(args.StdinData)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to parse CNI configuration %q: %w", string(args.StdinData), err)
	}

	if err := cmd.setupLogging(n); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to setup logging: %w", err)
	}

	scopedLogger := buildLogAttrsWithEventID(cmd.logger, args)

	if n.EnableDebug {
		if err := gops.Listen(gops.Options{}); err != nil {
			scopedLogger.Warn("Unable to start gops", logfields.Error, err)
		} else {
			defer gops.Close()
		}
	}
	scopedLogger.Debug("Processing CNI DEL request", logfields.NetConf, n)

	cniArgs := &types.ArgsSpec{}
	if err = cniTypes.LoadArgs(args.Args, cniArgs); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to extract CNI arguments: %w", err)
	}
	scopedLogger = buildLogAttrsWithCNIArgs(scopedLogger, cniArgs)

	c := lib.NewDeletionFallbackClient(scopedLogger)

	// If this is a chained plugin, then "delegate" to the special chaining mode and be done.
	// Note: DEL always has PrevResult set, so that doesn't tell us if we're chained. Given
	// that a CNI ADD could not have succeeded with an invalid chained mode, we should always
	// find a valid chained mode
	if chainAction, err := getChainedAction(n, scopedLogger); chainAction != nil {
		var (
			ctx = chainingapi.PluginContext{
				Logger:  scopedLogger,
				Args:    args,
				CniArgs: cniArgs,
				NetConf: n,
			}
		)

		return chainAction.Delete(context.TODO(), ctx, c)
	} else if err != nil {
		scopedLogger.Error(
			"Invalid chaining mode",
			logfields.Error, err,
		)
		return err
	}

	req := &models.EndpointBatchDeleteRequest{ContainerID: args.ContainerID}
	if err := c.EndpointDeleteMany(req); err != nil {
		if errors.Is(err, lib.ErrClientFailure) {
			scopedLogger.Error("Failed to delete endpoint", logfields.Error, err)
			return err
		}

		// EndpointDeleteMany returns an error in the following scenarios:
		// DeleteEndpointInvalid: Invalid delete parameters, no need to retry
		// DeleteEndpointNotFound: No need to retry
		// DeleteEndpointErrors: Errors encountered while deleting,
		//                       the endpoint is always deleted though, no
		//                       need to retry
		scopedLogger.Warn("Errors encountered while deleting endpoint", logfields.Error, err)
	}

	if n.IPAM.Type != "" {
		// If using a delegated plugin for IPAM, attempt to release the IP.
		// We do this *before* entering the network namespace, because the ns may
		// have already been deleted, and we want to avoid leaking IPs.
		err = cniInvoke.DelegateDel(context.TODO(), n.IPAM.Type, args.StdinData, nil)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	ns, err := netns.OpenPinned(args.Netns)
	if err != nil {
		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
			// We are not returning an error if the network namespace does not exist.
			// In that case, we assume that the interface has already been deleted.
			// Reference https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/133081
			scopedLogger.Warn(
				"Unable to open network namespace, will not delete interface",
				logfields.Error, fmt.Errorf("namespace %s no longer exist: %w", args.Netns, err),
				logfields.Interface, args.IfName,
				logfields.NetNamespace, args.Netns,
			)
			return nil
		}
		// If we cannot open the network namespace, we cannot delete the interface.
		// This is a fatal error, as we cannot proceed with the deletion.
		// We return an error to indicate that the deletion failed.
		scopedLogger.Warn(
			"Unable to open network namespace, will not delete interface",
			logfields.Error, fmt.Errorf("opening netns pinned at %s: %w", args.Netns, err),
			logfields.Interface, args.IfName,
			logfields.NetNamespace, args.Netns,
		)
		return fmt.Errorf("opening netns pinned at %s: %w", args.Netns, err)
	}
	defer ns.Close()
	if err = ns.Do(func() error {
		return link.DeleteByName(args.IfName)
	}); err != nil {
		scopedLogger.Warn(
			"Unable to delete interface in namespace, will not delete interface",
			logfields.Error, err,
			logfields.Interface, args.IfName,
			logfields.NetNamespace, args.Netns,
		)
		// We are not returning an error as this is very unlikely to be recoverable
	}

	scopedLogger.Debug("CNI DEL processing complete")
	return nil
}

// Check implements the cni CHECK verb.
// It ensures that the interface is configured correctly
//
// Currently, it verifies that
// - endpoint exists in the agent and is healthy
// - the interface in the container is sane
func (cmd *Cmd) Check(args *skel.CmdArgs) error {
	n, err := types.LoadNetConf(args.StdinData)
	if err != nil {
		return cniTypes.NewError(cniTypes.ErrInvalidNetworkConfig, "InvalidNetworkConfig",
			fmt.Sprintf("unable to parse CNI configuration \"%s\": %v", string(args.StdinData), err))
	}

	if err := cmd.setupLogging(n); err != nil {
		return cniTypes.NewError(cniTypes.ErrInvalidNetworkConfig, "InvalidLoggingConfig",
			fmt.Sprintf("unable to setup logging: %s", err))
	}

	scopedLogger := buildLogAttrsWithEventID(cmd.logger, args)

	if n.EnableDebug {
		if err := gops.Listen(gops.Options{}); err != nil {
			scopedLogger.Warn("Unable to start gops", logfields.Error, err)
		} else {
			defer gops.Close()
		}
	}
	scopedLogger.Debug(
		"Processing CNI CHECK request",
		logfields.NetConf, n,
	)

	if n.PrevResult != nil {
		scopedLogger.Debug(
			"CNI Previous result",
			logfields.Previous, n.PrevResult,
		)
	}

	cniArgs := &types.ArgsSpec{}
	if err = cniTypes.LoadArgs(args.Args, cniArgs); err != nil {
		return cniTypes.NewError(cniTypes.ErrInvalidNetworkConfig, "InvalidArgs",
			fmt.Sprintf("unable to extract CNI arguments: %s", err))
	}
	scopedLogger = buildLogAttrsWithCNIArgs(scopedLogger, cniArgs)

	c, err := client.NewDefaultClientWithTimeout(defaults.ClientConnectTimeout)
	if err != nil {
		// use ErrTryAgainLater to tell the runtime that this is not a check failure
		return cniTypes.NewError(cniTypes.ErrTryAgainLater, "DaemonDown",
			fmt.Sprintf("unable to connect to Cilium agent: %s", client.Hint(err)))
	}

	// If this is a chained plugin, then "delegate" to the special chaining mode and be done
	// Note: CHECK always has PrevResult set, so that doesn't tell us if we're chained.
	if chainAction, err := getChainedAction(n, scopedLogger); chainAction != nil {
		var (
			ctx = chainingapi.PluginContext{
				Logger:  scopedLogger,
				Args:    args,
				CniArgs: cniArgs,
				NetConf: n,
			}
		)

		// err is nil on success
		err := chainAction.Check(context.TODO(), ctx, c)
		scopedLogger.Debug(
			"Chained CHECK returned",
			logfields.Error, err,
			logfields.Name, n.Name,
		)
		return err
	} else if err != nil {
		scopedLogger.Error(
			"Invalid chaining mode",
			logfields.Error, err,
		)
		return err
	}

	// mechanical: parse PrevResult
	if err := cniVersion.ParsePrevResult(&n.NetConf); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	prevResult, err := cniTypesV1.NewResultFromResult(n.NetConf.PrevResult)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Ask the agent for the endpoint's health
	eID := endpointid.NewCNIAttachmentID(args.ContainerID, args.IfName)
	scopedLogger.Debug(
		"Asking agent for healthz",
		logfields.EndpointID, eID,
	)
	epHealth, err := c.EndpointHealthGet(eID)
	if err != nil {
		return cniTypes.NewError(types.CniErrHealthzGet, "HealthzFailed",
			fmt.Sprintf("failed to retrieve container health: %s", err))
	}

	if epHealth.OverallHealth == models.EndpointHealthStatusFailure {
		return cniTypes.NewError(types.CniErrUnhealthy, "Unhealthy",
			"container is unhealthy in agent")
	}
	scopedLogger.Debug(
		"Container has a healthy agent endpoint",
		logfields.ContainerID, args.ContainerID,
		logfields.ContainerInterface, args.IfName,
	)

	// Verify that the interface exists and has the desired IP address
	// we can get the IP from the CNI previous result.
	if err := verifyInterface(args.Netns, args.IfName, prevResult); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

// Status implements the cni STATUS verb.
// Currently, it
//   - checks cilium-cni connectivity with cilium-agent using healthz endpoint
//   - If cilium-cni depends on delegated plugins (host-local, azure etc) for IPAM,
//     cilium-cni invokes the STATUS API of the delegated plugins and passes the result back.
func (cmd *Cmd) Status(args *skel.CmdArgs) error {
	n, err := types.LoadNetConf(args.StdinData)
	if err != nil {
		return cniTypes.NewError(cniTypes.ErrInvalidNetworkConfig, "InvalidNetworkConfig",
			fmt.Sprintf("unable to parse CNI configuration \"%s\": %v", string(args.StdinData), err))
	}

	if err := cmd.setupLogging(n); err != nil {
		return cniTypes.NewError(cniTypes.ErrInvalidNetworkConfig, "InvalidLoggingConfig",
			fmt.Sprintf("unable to setup logging: %s", err))
	}

	scopedLogger := buildLogAttrsWithEventID(cmd.logger, args)

	if n.EnableDebug {
		if err := gops.Listen(gops.Options{}); err != nil {
			scopedLogger.Warn("Unable to start gops", logfields.Error, err)
		} else {
			defer gops.Close()
		}
	}
	scopedLogger.Debug("Processing CNI STATUS request", logfields.NetConf, n)

	if n.PrevResult != nil {
		scopedLogger.Debug("CNI Previous result", logfields.Previous, n.PrevResult)
	}

	cniArgs := &types.ArgsSpec{}
	if err = cniTypes.LoadArgs(args.Args, cniArgs); err != nil {
		return cniTypes.NewError(cniTypes.ErrInvalidNetworkConfig, "InvalidArgs",
			fmt.Sprintf("unable to extract CNI arguments: %s", err))
	}
	scopedLogger = buildLogAttrsWithCNIArgs(scopedLogger, cniArgs)

	c, err := client.NewDefaultClientWithTimeout(defaults.ClientConnectTimeout)
	if err != nil {
		// use ErrTryAgainLater to tell the runtime that this is not a check failure
		return cniTypes.NewError(types.CniErrPluginNotAvailable, "DaemonDown",
			fmt.Sprintf("unable to connect to Cilium agent: %s", client.Hint(err)))
	}

	// If this is a chained plugin, then "delegate" to the special chaining mode and be done
	if chainAction, err := getChainedAction(n, scopedLogger); chainAction != nil {
		var (
			ctx = chainingapi.PluginContext{
				Logger:  scopedLogger,
				Args:    args,
				CniArgs: cniArgs,
				NetConf: n,
			}
		)

		// err is nil on success
		err := chainAction.Status(context.TODO(), ctx, c)
		scopedLogger.Debug("Chained STATUS returned",
			logfields.Error, err,
			logfields.Name, n.Name,
		)

		return err
	} else if err != nil {
		scopedLogger.Error("Invalid chaining mode", logfields.Error, err)
		return err
	}

	if _, err := c.Daemon.GetHealthz(nil); err != nil {
		return cniTypes.NewError(types.CniErrPluginNotAvailable, "DaemonHealthzFailed",
			fmt.Sprintf("Cilium agent healthz check failed: %s", client.Hint(err)))
	}
	scopedLogger.Debug("Cilium agent is healthy")

	if n.IPAM.Type != "" {
		// If using a delegated plugin for IPAM, invoke the STATUS API of the delegated
		// plugins and pass the result back.
		err = cniInvoke.DelegateStatus(context.TODO(), n.IPAM.Type, args.StdinData, nil)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// verifyInterface verifies that a given interface exists in the netns
// with the given addresses
func verifyInterface(netnsPinPath, ifName string, expected *cniTypesV1.Result) error {
	var wantAddresses []*cniTypesV1.IPConfig
	for idx, iface := range expected.Interfaces {
		if iface.Sandbox == "" {
			continue
		}
		if iface.Name != ifName {
			continue
		}
		for _, ip := range expected.IPs {
			if ip.Interface != nil && *ip.Interface == idx {
				wantAddresses = append(wantAddresses, ip)
			}
		}
	}

	// Enter the container's namespace and ensure that
	// the interface looks good:
	// - does it exist?
	// - does it have the expected IPs?
	//
	// Possible future ideas:
	// - mtu
	// - routes
	ns, err := netns.OpenPinned(netnsPinPath)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("opening netns pinned at %s: %w", netnsPinPath, err)
	}
	defer ns.Close()
	return ns.Do(func() error {
		link, err := safenetlink.LinkByName(ifName)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("cannot find container link %v", ifName)
		}

		addrList, err := safenetlink.AddrList(link, netlink.FAMILY_ALL)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to list link addresses: %w", err)
		}

		for _, ip := range wantAddresses {
			ourAddr := netlink.Addr{IPNet: &ip.Address}
			match := false

			for _, addr := range addrList {
				if addr.Equal(ourAddr) {
					match = true
					break
				}
			}
			if !match {
				return fmt.Errorf("expected ip %v on interface %v", ourAddr, ifName)
			}
		}

		return nil
	})
}

// getChainedAction retrieves the desired chained action. It returns nil if there
// is no chained action, and error if there is a configured chained action but it is
// invalid.
func getChainedAction(n *types.NetConf, logger *slog.Logger) (chainingapi.ChainingPlugin, error) {
	if n.ChainingMode != "" {
		chainAction := chainingapi.Lookup(n.ChainingMode)
		if chainAction == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid chaining-mode %s", n.ChainingMode)
		}

		logger.Info("Using chained plugin", logfields.Mode, n.ChainingMode)
		return chainAction, nil
	}

	// Chained action can either be explicitly enabled, or implicitly based on
	// network name.
	// Portmap is a special case; we used it to signify that the portmap plugin
	// is included later in the chain, but we should treat it as a standard plugin.
	if n.Name != chainingapi.DefaultConfigName && n.Name != "portmap" {
		chainAction := chainingapi.Lookup(n.Name)
		if chainAction == nil {
			// In this case, we are just being called with a different network name;
			// there isn't any chaining happening.
			return nil, nil
		}

		logger.Info("Using chained plugin", logfields.Name, n.Name)
		return chainAction, nil
	}

	// OK to return nil, nil if chaining isn't enabled.
	return nil, nil
}

func buildLogAttrsWithEventID(logger *slog.Logger, args *skel.CmdArgs) *slog.Logger {
	return logger.With(
		logfields.EventUUID, uuid.New(),
		logfields.ContainerID, args.ContainerID,
		logfields.NetNSName, args.Netns,
		logfields.Interface, args.IfName,
		logfields.Args, args.Args,
		logfields.Path, args.Path,
	)
}

func buildLogAttrsWithCNIArgs(logger *slog.Logger, cniArgs *types.ArgsSpec) *slog.Logger {
	return logger.With(
		logfields.K8sNamespace, cniArgs.K8S_POD_NAMESPACE,
		logfields.K8sPodName, cniArgs.K8S_POD_NAME,
	)
}

// needsEndpointRoutingOnHost returns true if extra routes/rules need to be installed
// on host for the Pod. This is needed for following IPAM modes:
// - Cloud ENI IPAM modes.
// - DelegatedPlugin mode with InstallUplinkRoutesForDelegatedIPAM set to true.
func needsEndpointRoutingOnHost(conf *models.DaemonConfigurationStatus) bool {
	switch conf.IpamMode {
	case ipamOption.IPAMENI, ipamOption.IPAMAzure, ipamOption.IPAMAlibabaCloud:
		return true
	case ipamOption.IPAMDelegatedPlugin:
		return conf.InstallUplinkRoutesForDelegatedIPAM
	}
	return false
}
