#ifndef __INC_COLORUTILS_H
#define __INC_COLORUTILS_H

/// @file colorutils.h
/// Utility functions for color fill, palettes, blending, and more

#include "FastLED.h"
#include "pixeltypes.h"
#include "fastled_progmem.h"

#if !defined(FASTLED_USE_32_BIT_GRADIENT_FILL)
  #if defined(__AVR__)
    #define FASTLED_USE_32_BIT_GRADIENT_FILL 0
  #else
    #define FASTLED_USE_32_BIT_GRADIENT_FILL 1
  #endif
#endif

FASTLED_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

/// @defgroup ColorUtils Color Utility Functions
/// A variety of functions for working with color, palettes, and leds
/// @{

/// @defgroup ColorFills Color Fill Functions
/// Functions for filling LED arrays with colors and gradients
/// @{

/// Fill a range of LEDs with a solid color. 
/// @param targetArray a pointer to the LED array to fill
/// @param numToFill the number of LEDs to fill in the array
/// @param color the color to fill with
void fill_solid( struct CRGB * targetArray, int numToFill,
                 const struct CRGB& color);

/// @copydoc fill_solid()
void fill_solid( struct CHSV* targetArray, int numToFill,
				 const struct CHSV& color);


/// Fill a range of LEDs with a rainbow of colors. 
/// The colors making up the rainbow are at full saturation and full
/// value (brightness).
/// @param targetArray a pointer to the LED array to fill
/// @param numToFill the number of LEDs to fill in the array
/// @param initialhue the starting hue for the rainbow
/// @param deltahue how many hue values to advance for each LED
void fill_rainbow( struct CRGB * targetArray, int numToFill,
                   uint8_t initialhue,
                   uint8_t deltahue = 5);

/// @copydoc fill_rainbow()
void fill_rainbow( struct CHSV * targetArray, int numToFill,
                   uint8_t initialhue,
                   uint8_t deltahue = 5);


/// Fill a range of LEDs with a rainbow of colors, so that the hues
/// are continuous between the end of the strip and the beginning. 
/// The colors making up the rainbow are at full saturation and full
/// value (brightness).
/// @param targetArray a pointer to the LED array to fill
/// @param numToFill the number of LEDs to fill in the array
/// @param initialhue the starting hue for the rainbow
/// @param reversed whether to progress through the rainbow hues backwards
void fill_rainbow_circular(struct CRGB* targetArray, int numToFill,
                          uint8_t initialhue, bool reversed=false);

/// @copydoc fill_rainbow_circular()
void fill_rainbow_circular(struct CHSV* targetArray, int numToFill,
                          uint8_t initialhue, bool reversed=false);


/// Hue direction for calculating fill gradients. 
/// Since "hue" is a value around a color wheel, there are always two directions
/// to sweep from one hue to another.
typedef enum {
    FORWARD_HUES,   ///< Hue always goes clockwise around the color wheel
    BACKWARD_HUES,  ///< Hue always goes counter-clockwise around the color wheel
    SHORTEST_HUES,  ///< Hue goes whichever way is shortest
    LONGEST_HUES    ///< Hue goes whichever way is longest
} TGradientDirectionCode;


/// ANSI: signed short _Accum.  8 bits int, 7 bits fraction
/// @see accum88 
#define saccum87 int16_t


/// Fill a range of LEDs with a smooth HSV gradient between two HSV colors. 
/// This function can write the gradient colors either:
///
///   1. Into an array of CRGBs (e.g., an leds[] array, or a CRGB palette)
///   2. Into an array of CHSVs (e.g. a CHSV palette).
///
/// In the case of writing into a CRGB array, the gradient is
/// computed in HSV space, and then HSV values are converted to RGB
/// as they're written into the CRGB array.
/// @param targetArray a pointer to the color array to fill
/// @param startpos the starting position in the array
/// @param startcolor the starting color for the gradient
/// @param endpos the ending position in the array
/// @param endcolor the end color for the gradient
/// @param directionCode the direction to travel around the color wheel
template <typename T>
void fill_gradient( T* targetArray,
                    uint16_t startpos, CHSV startcolor,
                    uint16_t endpos,   CHSV endcolor,
                    TGradientDirectionCode directionCode  = SHORTEST_HUES )
{
    // if the points are in the wrong order, straighten them
    if( endpos < startpos ) {
        uint16_t t = endpos;
        CHSV tc = endcolor;
        endcolor = startcolor;
        endpos = startpos;
        startpos = t;
        startcolor = tc;
    }

    // If we're fading toward black (val=0) or white (sat=0),
    // then set the endhue to the starthue.
    // This lets us ramp smoothly to black or white, regardless
    // of what 'hue' was set in the endcolor (since it doesn't matter)
    if( endcolor.value == 0 || endcolor.saturation == 0) {
        endcolor.hue = startcolor.hue;
    }

    // Similarly, if we're fading in from black (val=0) or white (sat=0)
    // then set the starthue to the endhue.
    // This lets us ramp smoothly up from black or white, regardless
    // of what 'hue' was set in the startcolor (since it doesn't matter)
    if( startcolor.value == 0 || startcolor.saturation == 0) {
        startcolor.hue = endcolor.hue;
    }

    saccum87 huedistance87;
    saccum87 satdistance87;
    saccum87 valdistance87;

    satdistance87 = (endcolor.sat - startcolor.sat) << 7;
    valdistance87 = (endcolor.val - startcolor.val) << 7;

    uint8_t huedelta8 = endcolor.hue - startcolor.hue;

    if( directionCode == SHORTEST_HUES ) {
        directionCode = FORWARD_HUES;
        if( huedelta8 > 127) {
            directionCode = BACKWARD_HUES;
        }
    }

    if( directionCode == LONGEST_HUES ) {
        directionCode = FORWARD_HUES;
        if( huedelta8 < 128) {
            directionCode = BACKWARD_HUES;
        }
    }

    if( directionCode == FORWARD_HUES) {
        huedistance87 = huedelta8 << 7;
    }
    else /* directionCode == BACKWARD_HUES */
    {
        huedistance87 = (uint8_t)(256 - huedelta8) << 7;
        huedistance87 = -huedistance87;
    }

    uint16_t pixeldistance = endpos - startpos;
    int16_t divisor = pixeldistance ? pixeldistance : 1;
    
    #if FASTLED_USE_32_BIT_GRADIENT_FILL
    // Use higher precision 32 bit math for new micros.
    int32_t huedelta823 = (huedistance87 * 65536) / divisor;
    int32_t satdelta823 = (satdistance87 * 65536) / divisor;
    int32_t valdelta823 = (valdistance87 * 65536) / divisor;

    huedelta823 *= 2;
    satdelta823 *= 2;
    valdelta823 *= 2;
    uint32_t hue824 = static_cast<uint32_t>(startcolor.hue) << 24;
    uint32_t sat824 = static_cast<uint32_t>(startcolor.sat) << 24;
    uint32_t val824 = static_cast<uint32_t>(startcolor.val) << 24;
    for( uint16_t i = startpos; i <= endpos; ++i) {
        targetArray[i] = CHSV( hue824 >> 24, sat824 >> 24, val824 >> 24);
        hue824 += huedelta823;
        sat824 += satdelta823;
        val824 += valdelta823;
    }
    #else
    // Use 8-bit math for older micros.
    saccum87 huedelta87 = huedistance87 / divisor;
    saccum87 satdelta87 = satdistance87 / divisor;
    saccum87 valdelta87 = valdistance87 / divisor;

    huedelta87 *= 2;
    satdelta87 *= 2;
    valdelta87 *= 2;

    accum88 hue88 = startcolor.hue << 8;
    accum88 sat88 = startcolor.sat << 8;
    accum88 val88 = startcolor.val << 8;
    for( uint16_t i = startpos; i <= endpos; ++i) {
        targetArray[i] = CHSV( hue88 >> 8, sat88 >> 8, val88 >> 8);
        hue88 += huedelta87;
        sat88 += satdelta87;
        val88 += valdelta87;
    }
    #endif  // defined(__AVR__)
}


/// Fill a range of LEDs with a smooth HSV gradient between two HSV colors. 
/// @see fill_gradient()
/// @param targetArray a pointer to the color array to fill
/// @param numLeds the number of LEDs to fill
/// @param c1 the starting color in the gradient
/// @param c2 the end color for the gradient
/// @param directionCode the direction to travel around the color wheel
template <typename T>
void fill_gradient( T* targetArray, uint16_t numLeds, const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2,
					TGradientDirectionCode directionCode = SHORTEST_HUES )
{
    uint16_t last = numLeds - 1;
    fill_gradient( targetArray, 0, c1, last, c2, directionCode);
}

/// Fill a range of LEDs with a smooth HSV gradient between three HSV colors. 
/// @see fill_gradient()
/// @param targetArray a pointer to the color array to fill
/// @param numLeds the number of LEDs to fill
/// @param c1 the starting color in the gradient
/// @param c2 the middle color for the gradient
/// @param c3 the end color for the gradient
/// @param directionCode the direction to travel around the color wheel
template <typename T>
void fill_gradient( T* targetArray, uint16_t numLeds,
					const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3,
					TGradientDirectionCode directionCode = SHORTEST_HUES )
{
    uint16_t half = (numLeds / 2);
    uint16_t last = numLeds - 1;
    fill_gradient( targetArray,    0, c1, half, c2, directionCode);
    fill_gradient( targetArray, half, c2, last, c3, directionCode);
}

/// Fill a range of LEDs with a smooth HSV gradient between four HSV colors. 
/// @see fill_gradient()
/// @param targetArray a pointer to the color array to fill
/// @param numLeds the number of LEDs to fill
/// @param c1 the starting color in the gradient
/// @param c2 the first middle color for the gradient
/// @param c3 the second middle color for the gradient
/// @param c4 the end color for the gradient
/// @param directionCode the direction to travel around the color wheel
template <typename T>
void fill_gradient( T* targetArray, uint16_t numLeds,
					const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3, const CHSV& c4,
					TGradientDirectionCode directionCode = SHORTEST_HUES )
{
    uint16_t onethird = (numLeds / 3);
    uint16_t twothirds = ((numLeds * 2) / 3);
    uint16_t last = numLeds - 1;
    fill_gradient( targetArray,         0, c1,  onethird, c2, directionCode);
    fill_gradient( targetArray,  onethird, c2, twothirds, c3, directionCode);
    fill_gradient( targetArray, twothirds, c3,      last, c4, directionCode);
}

/// Convenience synonym
#define fill_gradient_HSV fill_gradient


/// Fill a range of LEDs with a smooth RGB gradient between two RGB colors. 
/// Unlike HSV, there is no "color wheel" in RGB space, and therefore there's only one
/// "direction" for the gradient to go. This means there's no TGradientDirectionCode
/// parameter for direction.
/// @param leds a pointer to the LED array to fill
/// @param startpos the starting position in the array
/// @param startcolor the starting color for the gradient
/// @param endpos the ending position in the array
/// @param endcolor the end color for the gradient
void fill_gradient_RGB( CRGB* leds,
                       uint16_t startpos, CRGB startcolor,
                       uint16_t endpos,   CRGB endcolor );

/// Fill a range of LEDs with a smooth RGB gradient between two RGB colors. 
/// @see fill_gradient_RGB()
/// @param leds a pointer to the LED array to fill
/// @param numLeds the number of LEDs to fill
/// @param c1 the starting color in the gradient
/// @param c2 the end color for the gradient
void fill_gradient_RGB( CRGB* leds, uint16_t numLeds, const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2);

/// Fill a range of LEDs with a smooth RGB gradient between three RGB colors. 
/// @see fill_gradient_RGB()
/// @param leds a pointer to the LED array to fill
/// @param numLeds the number of LEDs to fill
/// @param c1 the starting color in the gradient
/// @param c2 the middle color for the gradient
/// @param c3 the end color for the gradient
void fill_gradient_RGB( CRGB* leds, uint16_t numLeds, const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2, const CRGB& c3);

/// Fill a range of LEDs with a smooth RGB gradient between four RGB colors. 
/// @see fill_gradient_RGB()
/// @param leds a pointer to the LED array to fill
/// @param numLeds the number of LEDs to fill
/// @param c1 the starting color in the gradient
/// @param c2 the first middle color for the gradient
/// @param c3 the second middle color for the gradient
/// @param c4 the end color for the gradient
void fill_gradient_RGB( CRGB* leds, uint16_t numLeds, const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2, const CRGB& c3, const CRGB& c4);

/// @} ColorFills


/// @defgroup ColorFades Color Fade Functions
/// Functions for fading LED arrays
/// @{

/// Reduce the brightness of an array of pixels all at once. 
/// Guaranteed to never fade all the way to black.
/// @param leds a pointer to the LED array to fade
/// @param num_leds the number of LEDs to fade
/// @param fadeBy how much to fade each LED
void fadeLightBy(   CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t fadeBy);

/// @copydoc fadeLightBy()
void fade_video(    CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t fadeBy);

/// Scale the brightness of an array of pixels all at once. 
/// Guaranteed to never fade all the way to black.
/// @param leds a pointer to the LED array to scale
/// @param num_leds the number of LEDs to scale
/// @param scale how much to scale each LED
void nscale8_video( CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t scale);


/// Reduce the brightness of an array of pixels all at once. 
/// This function will eventually fade all the way to black.
/// @param leds a pointer to the LED array to fade
/// @param num_leds the number of LEDs to fade
/// @param fadeBy how much to fade each LED
void fadeToBlackBy( CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t fadeBy);

/// @copydoc fadeToBlackBy()
void fade_raw(      CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t fadeBy);


/// Scale the brightness of an array of pixels all at once. 
/// This function will eventually fade all the way to black, even
/// if "scale" is not zero.
/// @param leds a pointer to the LED array to scale
/// @param num_leds the number of LEDs to scale
/// @param scale how much to scale each LED
void nscale8(       CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t scale);


/// Reduce the brightness of an array of pixels as thought it were seen through
/// a transparent filter with the specified color. 
/// For example, if the colormask if CRGB(200, 100, 50), then the pixels' red will
/// be faded to 200/256ths, their green to 100/256ths, and their blue to 50/256ths.
/// This particular example will give a "hot fade" look, with white fading to yellow,
/// then red, then black. You can also use colormasks like CRGB::Blue to zero out the
/// red and green elements, leaving blue (largely) the same.
/// @param leds a pointer to the LED array to fade
/// @param numLeds the number of LEDs to fade
/// @param colormask the color mask to fade with
void fadeUsingColor( CRGB* leds, uint16_t numLeds, const CRGB& colormask);

/// @} ColorFades


/// @defgroup ColorBlends Color Blending Functions
/// Functions for blending colors together
/// @{

/// Computes a new color blended some fraction of the way between two other colors.
/// @param p1 the first color to blend
/// @param p2 the second color to blend
/// @param amountOfP2 the fraction of p2 to blend into p1
CRGB  blend( const CRGB& p1, const CRGB& p2, fract8 amountOfP2 );

/// @copydoc blend(const CRGB&, const CRGB&, fract8)
/// @param directionCode the direction to travel around the color wheel
CHSV  blend( const CHSV& p1, const CHSV& p2, fract8 amountOfP2,
            TGradientDirectionCode directionCode = SHORTEST_HUES );


/// Computes a new blended array of colors, each some fraction of the way between
/// corresponding elements of two source arrays of colors. 
/// Useful for blending palettes.
/// @param src1 the first array of colors to blend
/// @param src2 the second array of colors to blend
/// @param dest the destination array for the colors
/// @param count the number of LEDs to blend
/// @param amountOfsrc2 the fraction of src2 to blend into src1
CRGB* blend( const CRGB* src1, const CRGB* src2, CRGB* dest,
             uint16_t count, fract8 amountOfsrc2 );

/// @copydoc blend(const CRGB*, const CRGB*, CRGB*, uint16_t, fract8)
/// @param directionCode the direction to travel around the color wheel
CHSV* blend( const CHSV* src1, const CHSV* src2, CHSV* dest,
            uint16_t count, fract8 amountOfsrc2,
            TGradientDirectionCode directionCode = SHORTEST_HUES );


/// Destructively modifies one color, blending in a given fraction of an overlay color
/// @param existing the color to modify
/// @param overlay the color to blend into existing
/// @param amountOfOverlay the fraction of overlay to blend into existing
CRGB& nblend( CRGB& existing, const CRGB& overlay, fract8 amountOfOverlay );

/// @copydoc nblend(CRGB&, const CRGB&, fract8)
/// @param directionCode the direction to travel around the color wheel
CHSV& nblend( CHSV& existing, const CHSV& overlay, fract8 amountOfOverlay,
             TGradientDirectionCode directionCode = SHORTEST_HUES );


/// Destructively blends a given fraction of a color array into an existing color array
/// @param existing the color array to modify
/// @param overlay the color array to blend into existing
/// @param count the number of colors to process
/// @param amountOfOverlay the fraction of overlay to blend into existing
void  nblend( CRGB* existing, CRGB* overlay, uint16_t count, fract8 amountOfOverlay);

/// @copydoc nblend(CRGB*, CRGB*, uint16_t, fract8)
/// @param directionCode the direction to travel around the color wheel
void  nblend( CHSV* existing, CHSV* overlay, uint16_t count, fract8 amountOfOverlay,
             TGradientDirectionCode directionCode = SHORTEST_HUES);

/// @} ColorBlends


/// @defgroup ColorBlurs Color Blurring Functions
/// Functions for blurring colors
/// @{

/// One-dimensional blur filter. 
/// Spreads light to 2 line neighbors.
///   * 0 = no spread at all
///   * 64 = moderate spreading
///   * 172 = maximum smooth, even spreading
///   * 173..255 = wider spreading, but increasing flicker
///
/// Total light is NOT entirely conserved, so many repeated
/// calls to 'blur' will also result in the light fading,
/// eventually all the way to black; this is by design so that
/// it can be used to (slowly) clear the LEDs to black.
/// @param leds a pointer to the LED array to blur
/// @param numLeds the number of LEDs to blur
/// @param blur_amount the amount of blur to apply
void blur1d( CRGB* leds, uint16_t numLeds, fract8 blur_amount);

/// Two-dimensional blur filter. 
/// Spreads light to 8 XY neighbors.
///   * 0 = no spread at all
///   * 64 = moderate spreading
///   * 172 = maximum smooth, even spreading
///   * 173..255 = wider spreading, but increasing flicker
///
/// Total light is NOT entirely conserved, so many repeated
/// calls to 'blur' will also result in the light fading,
/// eventually all the way to black; this is by design so that
/// it can be used to (slowly) clear the LEDs to black.
/// @param leds a pointer to the LED array to blur
/// @param width the width of the matrix
/// @param height the height of the matrix
/// @param blur_amount the amount of blur to apply
void blur2d( CRGB* leds, uint8_t width, uint8_t height, fract8 blur_amount);


/// Perform a blur1d() on every row of a rectangular matrix
/// @see blur1d()
/// @param leds a pointer to the LED array to blur
/// @param width the width of the matrix
/// @param height the height of the matrix
/// @param blur_amount the amount of blur to apply
void blurRows( CRGB* leds, uint8_t width, uint8_t height, fract8 blur_amount);

/// Perform a blur1d() on every column of a rectangular matrix
/// @copydetails blurRows()
void blurColumns(CRGB* leds, uint8_t width, uint8_t height, fract8 blur_amount);

/// @} ColorBlurs


/// @addtogroup ColorFills
/// @{

/// Approximates a "black body radiation" spectrum for
/// a given "heat" level.  This is useful for animations of "fire".
/// Heat is specified as an arbitrary scale from 0 (cool) to 255 (hot).
/// This is NOT a chromatically correct "black body radiation"
/// spectrum, but it's surprisingly close, and it's fast and small.
CRGB HeatColor( uint8_t temperature);

/// @} ColorFills
/// @} ColorUtils


/// @defgroup ColorPalettes Color Palettes
/// Functions and class definitions for color palettes. 
///
/// RGB palettes map an 8-bit value (0-255) to an RGB color.  
///
/// You can create any color palette you wish; a couple of starters
/// are provided: ForestColors_p, CloudColors_p, LavaColors_p, OceanColors_p,
/// RainbowColors_p, and RainbowStripeColors_p.
///
/// Palettes come in the traditional 256-entry variety, which take
/// up 768 bytes of RAM, and lightweight 16-entry varieties.  The 16-entry
/// variety automatically interpolates between its entries to produce
/// a full 256-element color map, but at a cost of only 48 bytes of RAM.
///
/// Basic operation is like this (using the 16-entry variety):
///
/// 1. Declare your palette storage:
///      @code{.cpp}
///      CRGBPalette16 myPalette;
///      @endcode
///
/// 2. Fill `myPalette` with your own 16 colors, or with a preset color scheme.
///    You can specify your 16 colors a variety of ways:
///      @code{.cpp}
///      CRGBPalette16 myPalette(
///          CRGB::Black,
///          CRGB::Black,
///          CRGB::Red,
///          CRGB::Yellow,
///          CRGB::Green,
///          CRGB::Blue,
///          CRGB::Purple,
///          CRGB::Black,
///
///          0x100000,
///          0x200000,
///          0x400000,
///          0x800000,
///
///          CHSV( 30,255,255),
///          CHSV( 50,255,255),
///          CHSV( 70,255,255),
///          CHSV( 90,255,255)
///      );
///      @endcode
///
///    Or you can initiaize your palette with a preset color scheme:
///      @code{.cpp}
///      myPalette = RainbowStripesColors_p;
///      @endcode
///
/// 3. Any time you want to set a pixel to a color from your palette, use
///    `ColorFromPalette()` as shown:
///
///      @code{.cpp}
///      uint8_t index = /* any value 0-255 */;
///      leds[i] = ColorFromPalette(myPalette, index);
///      @endcode
///
///    Even though your palette has only 16 explicily defined entries, you
///    can use an "index" from 0-255.  The 16 explicit palette entries will
///    be spread evenly across the 0-255 range, and the intermedate values
///    will be RGB-interpolated between adjacent explicit entries.
///
///    It's easier to use than it sounds.
///
/// @{


/// @defgroup PaletteClasses Palette Classes
/// Class definitions for color palettes. 
/// @todo For documentation purposes it would be nice to reorder these
///        definitions by type and in ascending number of entries.
///
/// @{

class CRGBPalette16;
class CRGBPalette32;
class CRGBPalette256;
class CHSVPalette16;
class CHSVPalette32;
class CHSVPalette256;

typedef uint32_t TProgmemRGBPalette16[16];  ///< CRGBPalette16 entries stored in PROGMEM memory
typedef uint32_t TProgmemHSVPalette16[16];  ///< CHSVPalette16 entries stored in PROGMEM memory
/// Alias for TProgmemRGBPalette16
#define TProgmemPalette16 TProgmemRGBPalette16
typedef uint32_t TProgmemRGBPalette32[32];  ///< CRGBPalette32 entries stored in PROGMEM memory
typedef uint32_t TProgmemHSVPalette32[32];  ///< CHSVPalette32 entries stored in PROGMEM memory
/// Alias for TProgmemRGBPalette32
#define TProgmemPalette32 TProgmemRGBPalette32

/// Byte of an RGB gradient, stored in PROGMEM memory
typedef const uint8_t TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_byte;
/// Pointer to bytes of an RGB gradient, stored in PROGMEM memory
/// @see DEFINE_GRADIENT_PALETTE
/// @see DECLARE_GRADIENT_PALETTE
typedef const TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_byte *TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes;
/// Alias of ::TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes
typedef TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes TProgmemRGBGradientPalettePtr;

/// Struct for digesting gradient pointer data into its components. 
/// This is used when loading a gradient stored in PROGMEM or on
/// the heap into a palette. The pointer is dereferenced and interpreted as
/// this struct, so the component parts can be addressed and copied by name.
typedef union {
    struct {
        uint8_t index;  ///< index of the color entry in the gradient 
        uint8_t r;      ///< CRGB::red channel value of the color entry
        uint8_t g;      ///< CRGB::green channel value of the color entry
        uint8_t b;      ///< CRGB::blue channel value of the color entry
    };
    uint32_t dword;     ///< values as a packed 32-bit double word
    uint8_t  bytes[4];  ///< values as an array
} TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion;

typedef uint8_t TDynamicRGBGradientPalette_byte;  ///< Byte of an RGB gradient entry, stored in dynamic (heap) memory
typedef const TDynamicRGBGradientPalette_byte *TDynamicRGBGradientPalette_bytes;  ///< Pointer to bytes of an RGB gradient, stored in dynamic (heap) memory
typedef TDynamicRGBGradientPalette_bytes TDynamicRGBGradientPalettePtr;  ///< Alias of ::TDynamicRGBGradientPalette_bytes

/// @}


/// @defgroup PaletteUpscale Palette Upscaling Functions 
/// Functions to upscale palettes from one type to another. 
/// @{

/// Convert a 16-entry palette to a 256-entry palette
/// @param srcpal16 the source palette to upscale
/// @param destpal256 the destination palette for the upscaled data
void UpscalePalette(const struct CRGBPalette16& srcpal16, struct CRGBPalette256& destpal256);
/// @copydoc UpscalePalette(const struct CRGBPalette16&, struct CRGBPalette256&)
void UpscalePalette(const struct CHSVPalette16& srcpal16, struct CHSVPalette256& destpal256);

/// Convert a 16-entry palette to a 32-entry palette
/// @param srcpal16 the source palette to upscale
/// @param destpal32 the destination palette for the upscaled data
void UpscalePalette(const struct CRGBPalette16& srcpal16, struct CRGBPalette32& destpal32);
/// @copydoc UpscalePalette(const struct CRGBPalette16&, struct CRGBPalette32&)
void UpscalePalette(const struct CHSVPalette16& srcpal16, struct CHSVPalette32& destpal32);

/// Convert a 32-entry palette to a 256-entry palette
/// @param srcpal32 the source palette to upscale
/// @param destpal256 the destination palette for the upscaled data
void UpscalePalette(const struct CRGBPalette32& srcpal32, struct CRGBPalette256& destpal256);
/// @copydoc UpscalePalette(const struct CRGBPalette32&, struct CRGBPalette256&)
void UpscalePalette(const struct CHSVPalette32& srcpal32, struct CHSVPalette256& destpal256);

/// @} PaletteUpscale


/// @addtogroup PaletteClasses
/// @{

/// HSV color palette with 16 discrete values
class CHSVPalette16 {
public:
    CHSV entries[16];  ///< the color entries that make up the palette

    /// @copydoc CHSV::CHSV()
    CHSVPalette16() {};

    /// Create palette from 16 CHSV values
    CHSVPalette16( const CHSV& c00,const CHSV& c01,const CHSV& c02,const CHSV& c03,
                    const CHSV& c04,const CHSV& c05,const CHSV& c06,const CHSV& c07,
                    const CHSV& c08,const CHSV& c09,const CHSV& c10,const CHSV& c11,
                    const CHSV& c12,const CHSV& c13,const CHSV& c14,const CHSV& c15 )
    {
        entries[0]=c00; entries[1]=c01; entries[2]=c02; entries[3]=c03;
        entries[4]=c04; entries[5]=c05; entries[6]=c06; entries[7]=c07;
        entries[8]=c08; entries[9]=c09; entries[10]=c10; entries[11]=c11;
        entries[12]=c12; entries[13]=c13; entries[14]=c14; entries[15]=c15;
    };

    /// Copy constructor
    CHSVPalette16( const CHSVPalette16& rhs)
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs.entries[0]), sizeof( entries));
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16(const CHSVPalette16& rhs)
    CHSVPalette16& operator=( const CHSVPalette16& rhs)
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs.entries[0]), sizeof( entries));
        return *this;
    }

    /// Create palette from palette stored in PROGMEM
    CHSVPalette16( const TProgmemHSVPalette16& rhs)
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
            CRGB xyz   =  FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( rhs + i);
            entries[i].hue = xyz.red;
            entries[i].sat = xyz.green;
            entries[i].val = xyz.blue;
        }
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16(const TProgmemHSVPalette16&)
    CHSVPalette16& operator=( const TProgmemHSVPalette16& rhs)
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
            CRGB xyz   =  FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( rhs + i);
            entries[i].hue = xyz.red;
            entries[i].sat = xyz.green;
            entries[i].val = xyz.blue;
        }
        return *this;
    }

    /// Array access operator to index into the gradient entries
    /// @param x the index to retrieve
    /// @returns reference to an entry in the palette's color array
    /// @note This does not perform any interpolation like ColorFromPalette(),
    /// it accesses the underlying entries that make up the gradient. Beware
    /// of bounds issues!
    inline CHSV& operator[] (uint8_t x) __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[x];
    }

    /// @copydoc operator[]
    inline const CHSV& operator[] (uint8_t x) const __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[x];
    }

    /// @copydoc operator[]
    inline CHSV& operator[] (int x) __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[(uint8_t)x];
    }

    /// @copydoc operator[]
    inline const CHSV& operator[] (int x) const __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[(uint8_t)x];
    }

    /// Get the underlying pointer to the CHSV entries making up the palette
    operator CHSV*()
    {
        return &(entries[0]);
    }

    /// Check if two palettes have the same color entries
    bool operator==( const CHSVPalette16 &rhs) const
    {
        const uint8_t* p = (const uint8_t*)(&(this->entries[0]));
        const uint8_t* q = (const uint8_t*)(&(rhs.entries[0]));
        if( p == q) return true;
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < (sizeof( entries)); ++i) {
            if( *p != *q) return false;
            ++p;
            ++q;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /// Check if two palettes do not have the same color entries
    bool operator!=( const CHSVPalette16 &rhs) const
    {
        return !( *this == rhs);
    }

    /// Create palette filled with one color
    /// @param c1 the color to fill the palette with
    CHSVPalette16( const CHSV& c1)
    {
        fill_solid( &(entries[0]), 16, c1);
    }

    /// Create palette with a gradient from one color to another
    /// @param c1 the starting color for the gradient
    /// @param c2 the end color for the gradient
    CHSVPalette16( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 16, c1, c2);
    }

    /// Create palette with three-color gradient
    /// @param c1 the starting color for the gradient
    /// @param c2 the middle color for the gradient
    /// @param c3 the end color for the gradient
    CHSVPalette16( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 16, c1, c2, c3);
    }

    /// Create palette with four-color gradient
    /// @param c1 the starting color for the gradient
    /// @param c2 the first middle color for the gradient
    /// @param c3 the second middle color for the gradient
    /// @param c4 the end color for the gradient
    CHSVPalette16( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3, const CHSV& c4)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 16, c1, c2, c3, c4);
    }

};

/// HSV color palette with 256 discrete values
class CHSVPalette256 {
public:
    CHSV entries[256];  ///< @copydoc CHSVPalette16::entries

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16()
    CHSVPalette256() {};

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&,
    /// const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&,
    /// const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&,
    /// const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CHSVPalette256( const CHSV& c00,const CHSV& c01,const CHSV& c02,const CHSV& c03,
                  const CHSV& c04,const CHSV& c05,const CHSV& c06,const CHSV& c07,
                  const CHSV& c08,const CHSV& c09,const CHSV& c10,const CHSV& c11,
                  const CHSV& c12,const CHSV& c13,const CHSV& c14,const CHSV& c15 )
    {
        CHSVPalette16 p16(c00,c01,c02,c03,c04,c05,c06,c07,
                          c08,c09,c10,c11,c12,c13,c14,c15);
        *this = p16;
    };

    /// Copy constructor
    CHSVPalette256( const CHSVPalette256& rhs)
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs.entries[0]), sizeof( entries));
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette256( const CHSVPalette256&)
    CHSVPalette256& operator=( const CHSVPalette256& rhs)
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs.entries[0]), sizeof( entries));
        return *this;
    }

    /// Create upscaled palette from 16-entry palette
    CHSVPalette256( const CHSVPalette16& rhs16)
    {
        UpscalePalette( rhs16, *this);
    }
    /// @copydoc  CHSVPalette256( const CHSVPalette16&)
    CHSVPalette256& operator=( const CHSVPalette16& rhs16)
    {
        UpscalePalette( rhs16, *this);
        return *this;
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const TProgmemHSVPalette16&)
    CHSVPalette256( const TProgmemRGBPalette16& rhs)
    {
        CHSVPalette16 p16(rhs);
        *this = p16;
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const TProgmemHSVPalette16&)
    CHSVPalette256& operator=( const TProgmemRGBPalette16& rhs)
    {
        CHSVPalette16 p16(rhs);
        *this = p16;
        return *this;
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::operator[]
    inline CHSV& operator[] (uint8_t x) __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[x];
    }
    /// @copydoc operator[]
    inline const CHSV& operator[] (uint8_t x) const __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[x];
    }

    /// @copydoc operator[]
    inline CHSV& operator[] (int x) __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[(uint8_t)x];
    }
    /// @copydoc operator[]
    inline const CHSV& operator[] (int x) const __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[(uint8_t)x];
    }

    /// Get the underlying pointer to the CHSV entries making up the palette
    operator CHSV*()
    {
        return &(entries[0]);
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::operator==
    bool operator==( const CHSVPalette256 &rhs) const
    {
        const uint8_t* p = (const uint8_t*)(&(this->entries[0]));
        const uint8_t* q = (const uint8_t*)(&(rhs.entries[0]));
        if( p == q) return true;
        for( uint16_t i = 0; i < (sizeof( entries)); ++i) {
            if( *p != *q) return false;
            ++p;
            ++q;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::operator!=
    bool operator!=( const CHSVPalette256 &rhs) const
    {
        return !( *this == rhs);
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&)
    CHSVPalette256( const CHSV& c1)
    {
      fill_solid( &(entries[0]), 256, c1);
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CHSVPalette256( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 256, c1, c2);
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CHSVPalette256( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 256, c1, c2, c3);
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CHSVPalette256( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3, const CHSV& c4)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 256, c1, c2, c3, c4);
    }
};

/// RGB color palette with 16 discrete values
class CRGBPalette16 {
public:
    CRGB entries[16];  ///< @copydoc CHSVPalette16::entries

    /// @copydoc CRGB::CRGB()
    CRGBPalette16() {};

    /// Create palette from 16 CRGB values
    CRGBPalette16( const CRGB& c00,const CRGB& c01,const CRGB& c02,const CRGB& c03,
                    const CRGB& c04,const CRGB& c05,const CRGB& c06,const CRGB& c07,
                    const CRGB& c08,const CRGB& c09,const CRGB& c10,const CRGB& c11,
                    const CRGB& c12,const CRGB& c13,const CRGB& c14,const CRGB& c15 )
    {
        entries[0]=c00; entries[1]=c01; entries[2]=c02; entries[3]=c03;
        entries[4]=c04; entries[5]=c05; entries[6]=c06; entries[7]=c07;
        entries[8]=c08; entries[9]=c09; entries[10]=c10; entries[11]=c11;
        entries[12]=c12; entries[13]=c13; entries[14]=c14; entries[15]=c15;
    };

    /// Copy constructor
    CRGBPalette16( const CRGBPalette16& rhs)
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs.entries[0]), sizeof( entries));
    }
    /// Create palette from array of CRGB colors
    CRGBPalette16( const CRGB rhs[16])
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs[0]), sizeof( entries));
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16(const CRGBPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette16& operator=( const CRGBPalette16& rhs)
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs.entries[0]), sizeof( entries));
        return *this;
    }
    /// Create palette from array of CRGB colors
    CRGBPalette16& operator=( const CRGB rhs[16])
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs[0]), sizeof( entries));
        return *this;
    }

    /// Create palette from CHSV palette
    CRGBPalette16( const CHSVPalette16& rhs)
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
            entries[i] = rhs.entries[i]; // implicit HSV-to-RGB conversion
        }
    }
    /// Create palette from array of CHSV colors
    CRGBPalette16( const CHSV rhs[16])
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
            entries[i] = rhs[i]; // implicit HSV-to-RGB conversion
        }
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16(const CHSVPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette16& operator=( const CHSVPalette16& rhs)
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
    		entries[i] = rhs.entries[i]; // implicit HSV-to-RGB conversion
        }
        return *this;
    }
    /// Create palette from array of CHSV colors
    CRGBPalette16& operator=( const CHSV rhs[16])
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
            entries[i] = rhs[i]; // implicit HSV-to-RGB conversion
        }
        return *this;
    }

    /// Create palette from palette stored in PROGMEM
    CRGBPalette16( const TProgmemRGBPalette16& rhs)
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
            entries[i] =  FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( rhs + i);
        }
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16(const TProgmemRGBPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette16& operator=( const TProgmemRGBPalette16& rhs)
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
            entries[i] =  FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( rhs + i);
        }
        return *this;
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::operator==
    bool operator==( const CRGBPalette16 &rhs) const
    {
        const uint8_t* p = (const uint8_t*)(&(this->entries[0]));
        const uint8_t* q = (const uint8_t*)(&(rhs.entries[0]));
        if( p == q) return true;
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < (sizeof( entries)); ++i) {
            if( *p != *q) return false;
            ++p;
            ++q;
        }
        return true;
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::operator!=
    bool operator!=( const CRGBPalette16 &rhs) const
    {
        return !( *this == rhs);
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::operator[]
    inline CRGB& operator[] (uint8_t x) __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[x];
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::operator[]
    inline const CRGB& operator[] (uint8_t x) const __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[x];
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::operator[]
    inline CRGB& operator[] (int x) __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[(uint8_t)x];
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::operator[]
    inline const CRGB& operator[] (int x) const __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[(uint8_t)x];
    }

    /// Get the underlying pointer to the CHSV entries making up the palette
    operator CRGB*()
    {
        return &(entries[0]);
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette16( const CHSV& c1)
    {
        fill_solid( &(entries[0]), 16, c1);
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette16( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 16, c1, c2);
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette16( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 16, c1, c2, c3);
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette16( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3, const CHSV& c4)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 16, c1, c2, c3, c4);
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette16( const CRGB& c1)
    {
        fill_solid( &(entries[0]), 16, c1);
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette16( const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2)
    {
        fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), 16, c1, c2);
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette16( const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2, const CRGB& c3)
    {
        fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), 16, c1, c2, c3);
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette16( const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2, const CRGB& c3, const CRGB& c4)
    {
        fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), 16, c1, c2, c3, c4);
    }

    /// Creates a palette from a gradient palette in PROGMEM. 
    ///
    /// Gradient palettes are loaded into CRGBPalettes in such a way
    /// that, if possible, every color represented in the gradient palette
    /// is also represented in the CRGBPalette.  
    ///
    /// For example, consider a gradient palette that is all black except
    /// for a single, one-element-wide (1/256th!) spike of red in the middle:
    ///   @code
    ///     0,   0,0,0
    ///   124,   0,0,0
    ///   125, 255,0,0  // one 1/256th-palette-wide red stripe
    ///   126,   0,0,0
    ///   255,   0,0,0
    ///   @endcode
    /// A naive conversion of this 256-element palette to a 16-element palette
    /// might accidentally completely eliminate the red spike, rendering the
    /// palette completely black. 
    ///
    /// However, the conversions provided here would attempt to include a
    /// the red stripe in the output, more-or-less as faithfully as possible.
    /// So in this case, the resulting CRGBPalette16 palette would have a red
    /// stripe in the middle which was 1/16th of a palette wide -- the
    /// narrowest possible in a CRGBPalette16. 
    ///
    /// This means that the relative width of stripes in a CRGBPalette16
    /// will be, by definition, different from the widths in the gradient
    /// palette.  This code attempts to preserve "all the colors", rather than
    /// the exact stripe widths at the expense of dropping some colors.
    CRGBPalette16( TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes progpal )
    {
        *this = progpal;
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16(TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes)
    CRGBPalette16& operator=( TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes progpal )
    {
        TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion* progent = (TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion*)(progpal);
        TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion u;

        // Count entries
        uint16_t count = 0;
        do {
            u.dword = FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR(progent + count);
            ++count;
        } while ( u.index != 255);

        int8_t lastSlotUsed = -1;

        u.dword = FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( progent);
        CRGB rgbstart( u.r, u.g, u.b);

        int indexstart = 0;
        uint8_t istart8 = 0;
        uint8_t iend8 = 0;
        while( indexstart < 255) {
            ++progent;
            u.dword = FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( progent);
            int indexend  = u.index;
            CRGB rgbend( u.r, u.g, u.b);
            istart8 = indexstart / 16;
            iend8   = indexend   / 16;
            if( count < 16) {
                if( (istart8 <= lastSlotUsed) && (lastSlotUsed < 15)) {
                    istart8 = lastSlotUsed + 1;
                    if( iend8 < istart8) {
                        iend8 = istart8;
                    }
                }
                lastSlotUsed = iend8;
            }
            fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), istart8, rgbstart, iend8, rgbend);
            indexstart = indexend;
            rgbstart = rgbend;
        }
        return *this;
    }
    /// Creates a palette from a gradient palette in dynamic (heap) memory. 
    /// @copydetails CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes)
    CRGBPalette16& loadDynamicGradientPalette( TDynamicRGBGradientPalette_bytes gpal )
    {
        TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion* ent = (TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion*)(gpal);
        TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion u;

        // Count entries
        uint16_t count = 0;
        do {
            u = *(ent + count);
            ++count;
        } while ( u.index != 255);

        int8_t lastSlotUsed = -1;


        u = *ent;
        CRGB rgbstart( u.r, u.g, u.b);

        int indexstart = 0;
        uint8_t istart8 = 0;
        uint8_t iend8 = 0;
        while( indexstart < 255) {
            ++ent;
            u = *ent;
            int indexend  = u.index;
            CRGB rgbend( u.r, u.g, u.b);
            istart8 = indexstart / 16;
            iend8   = indexend   / 16;
            if( count < 16) {
                if( (istart8 <= lastSlotUsed) && (lastSlotUsed < 15)) {
                    istart8 = lastSlotUsed + 1;
                    if( iend8 < istart8) {
                        iend8 = istart8;
                    }
                }
                lastSlotUsed = iend8;
            }
            fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), istart8, rgbstart, iend8, rgbend);
            indexstart = indexend;
            rgbstart = rgbend;
        }
        return *this;
    }

};


/// HSV color palette with 32 discrete values
class CHSVPalette32 {
public:
    CHSV entries[32];  ///< @copydoc CHSVPalette16::entries

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16()
    CHSVPalette32() {};

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&,
    /// const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&,
    /// const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&,
    /// const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CHSVPalette32( const CHSV& c00,const CHSV& c01,const CHSV& c02,const CHSV& c03,
                  const CHSV& c04,const CHSV& c05,const CHSV& c06,const CHSV& c07,
                  const CHSV& c08,const CHSV& c09,const CHSV& c10,const CHSV& c11,
                  const CHSV& c12,const CHSV& c13,const CHSV& c14,const CHSV& c15 )
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
            entries[0+i]=c00; entries[2+i]=c01; entries[4+i]=c02; entries[6+i]=c03;
            entries[8+i]=c04; entries[10+i]=c05; entries[12+i]=c06; entries[14+i]=c07;
            entries[16+i]=c08; entries[18+i]=c09; entries[20+i]=c10; entries[22+i]=c11;
            entries[24+i]=c12; entries[26+i]=c13; entries[28+i]=c14; entries[30+i]=c15;
        }
    };
    
    /// Copy constructor
    CHSVPalette32( const CHSVPalette32& rhs)
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs.entries[0]), sizeof( entries));
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette32( const CHSVPalette32&)
    CHSVPalette32& operator=( const CHSVPalette32& rhs)
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs.entries[0]), sizeof( entries));
        return *this;
    }
    
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const TProgmemHSVPalette16&)
    CHSVPalette32( const TProgmemHSVPalette32& rhs)
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
            CRGB xyz   =  FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( rhs + i);
            entries[i].hue = xyz.red;
            entries[i].sat = xyz.green;
            entries[i].val = xyz.blue;
        }
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const TProgmemHSVPalette16&)
    CHSVPalette32& operator=( const TProgmemHSVPalette32& rhs)
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
            CRGB xyz   =  FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( rhs + i);
            entries[i].hue = xyz.red;
            entries[i].sat = xyz.green;
            entries[i].val = xyz.blue;
        }
        return *this;
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const TProgmemHSVPalette16&)
    inline CHSV& operator[] (uint8_t x) __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[x];
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const TProgmemHSVPalette16&)
    inline const CHSV& operator[] (uint8_t x) const __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[x];
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const TProgmemHSVPalette16&)
    inline CHSV& operator[] (int x) __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[(uint8_t)x];
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const TProgmemHSVPalette16&)
    inline const CHSV& operator[] (int x) const __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[(uint8_t)x];
    }

    /// Get the underlying pointer to the CHSV entries making up the palette
    operator CHSV*()
    {
        return &(entries[0]);
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::operator==
    bool operator==( const CHSVPalette32 &rhs) const
    {
        const uint8_t* p = (const uint8_t*)(&(this->entries[0]));
        const uint8_t* q = (const uint8_t*)(&(rhs.entries[0]));
        if( p == q) return true;
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < (sizeof( entries)); ++i) {
            if( *p != *q) return false;
            ++p;
            ++q;
        }
        return true;
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::operator!=
    bool operator!=( const CHSVPalette32 &rhs) const
    {
        return !( *this == rhs);
    }

    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&)
    CHSVPalette32( const CHSV& c1)
    {
        fill_solid( &(entries[0]), 32, c1);
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CHSVPalette32( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 32, c1, c2);
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CHSVPalette32( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 32, c1, c2, c3);
    }
    /// @copydoc CHSVPalette16::CHSVPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CHSVPalette32( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3, const CHSV& c4)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 32, c1, c2, c3, c4);
    }
    
};

/// RGB color palette with 32 discrete values
class CRGBPalette32 {
public:
    CRGB entries[32];  ///< @copydoc CHSVPalette16::entries

    /// @copydoc CRGB::CRGB()
    CRGBPalette32() {};

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CRGB&,
    /// const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&,
    /// const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&,
    /// const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&,
    /// const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&)
    CRGBPalette32( const CRGB& c00,const CRGB& c01,const CRGB& c02,const CRGB& c03,
                  const CRGB& c04,const CRGB& c05,const CRGB& c06,const CRGB& c07,
                  const CRGB& c08,const CRGB& c09,const CRGB& c10,const CRGB& c11,
                  const CRGB& c12,const CRGB& c13,const CRGB& c14,const CRGB& c15 )
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
            entries[0+i]=c00; entries[2+i]=c01; entries[4+i]=c02; entries[6+i]=c03;
            entries[8+i]=c04; entries[10+i]=c05; entries[12+i]=c06; entries[14+i]=c07;
            entries[16+i]=c08; entries[18+i]=c09; entries[20+i]=c10; entries[22+i]=c11;
            entries[24+i]=c12; entries[26+i]=c13; entries[28+i]=c14; entries[30+i]=c15;
        }
    };

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CRGBPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette32( const CRGBPalette32& rhs)
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs.entries[0]), sizeof( entries));
    }
    /// Create palette from array of CRGB colors
    CRGBPalette32( const CRGB rhs[32])
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs[0]), sizeof( entries));
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette32(const CRGBPalette32&)
    CRGBPalette32& operator=( const CRGBPalette32& rhs)
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs.entries[0]), sizeof( entries));
        return *this;
    }
    /// Create palette from array of CRGB colors
    CRGBPalette32& operator=( const CRGB rhs[32])
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs[0]), sizeof( entries));
        return *this;
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CHSVPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette32( const CHSVPalette32& rhs)
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
            entries[i] = rhs.entries[i]; // implicit HSV-to-RGB conversion
        }
    }
    /// Create palette from array of CHSV colors
    CRGBPalette32( const CHSV rhs[32])
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
            entries[i] = rhs[i]; // implicit HSV-to-RGB conversion
        }
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette32(const CHSVPalette32&)
    CRGBPalette32& operator=( const CHSVPalette32& rhs)
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
            entries[i] = rhs.entries[i]; // implicit HSV-to-RGB conversion
        }
        return *this;
    }
    /// Create palette from array of CHSV colors
    CRGBPalette32& operator=( const CHSV rhs[32])
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
            entries[i] = rhs[i]; // implicit HSV-to-RGB conversion
        }
        return *this;
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const TProgmemRGBPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette32( const TProgmemRGBPalette32& rhs)
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
            entries[i] =  FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( rhs + i);
        }
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette32(const TProgmemRGBPalette32&)
    CRGBPalette32& operator=( const TProgmemRGBPalette32& rhs)
    {
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
            entries[i] =  FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( rhs + i);
        }
        return *this;
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::operator==
    bool operator==( const CRGBPalette32 &rhs) const
    {
        const uint8_t* p = (const uint8_t*)(&(this->entries[0]));
        const uint8_t* q = (const uint8_t*)(&(rhs.entries[0]));
        if( p == q) return true;
        for( uint8_t i = 0; i < (sizeof( entries)); ++i) {
            if( *p != *q) return false;
            ++p;
            ++q;
        }
        return true;
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::operator!=
    bool operator!=( const CRGBPalette32 &rhs) const
    {
        return !( *this == rhs);
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::operator[]
    inline CRGB& operator[] (uint8_t x) __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[x];
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::operator[]
    inline const CRGB& operator[] (uint8_t x) const __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[x];
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::operator[]
    inline CRGB& operator[] (int x) __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[(uint8_t)x];
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::operator[]
    inline const CRGB& operator[] (int x) const __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[(uint8_t)x];
    }

    /// Get the underlying pointer to the CRGB entries making up the palette
    operator CRGB*()
    {
        return &(entries[0]);
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette32( const CHSV& c1)
    {
        fill_solid( &(entries[0]), 32, c1);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette32( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 32, c1, c2);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette32( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 32, c1, c2, c3);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette32( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3, const CHSV& c4)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 32, c1, c2, c3, c4);
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CRGB&)
    CRGBPalette32( const CRGB& c1)
    {
        fill_solid( &(entries[0]), 32, c1);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CRGB&, const CRGB&)
    CRGBPalette32( const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2)
    {
        fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), 32, c1, c2);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&)
    CRGBPalette32( const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2, const CRGB& c3)
    {
        fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), 32, c1, c2, c3);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&)
    CRGBPalette32( const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2, const CRGB& c3, const CRGB& c4)
    {
        fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), 32, c1, c2, c3, c4);
    }


    /// Create upscaled palette from 16-entry palette
    CRGBPalette32( const CRGBPalette16& rhs16)
    {
        UpscalePalette( rhs16, *this);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette32(const CRGBPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette32& operator=( const CRGBPalette16& rhs16)
    {
        UpscalePalette( rhs16, *this);
        return *this;
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const TProgmemRGBPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette32( const TProgmemRGBPalette16& rhs)
    {
        CRGBPalette16 p16(rhs);
        *this = p16;
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette32(const TProgmemRGBPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette32& operator=( const TProgmemRGBPalette16& rhs)
    {
        CRGBPalette16 p16(rhs);
        *this = p16;
        return *this;
    }


    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes)
    CRGBPalette32( TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes progpal )
    {
        *this = progpal;
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette32(TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes)
    CRGBPalette32& operator=( TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes progpal )
    {
        TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion* progent = (TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion*)(progpal);
        TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion u;
        
        // Count entries
        uint16_t count = 0;
        do {
            u.dword = FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR(progent + count);
            ++count;
        } while ( u.index != 255);
        
        int8_t lastSlotUsed = -1;
        
        u.dword = FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( progent);
        CRGB rgbstart( u.r, u.g, u.b);
        
        int indexstart = 0;
        uint8_t istart8 = 0;
        uint8_t iend8 = 0;
        while( indexstart < 255) {
            ++progent;
            u.dword = FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( progent);
            int indexend  = u.index;
            CRGB rgbend( u.r, u.g, u.b);
            istart8 = indexstart / 8;
            iend8   = indexend   / 8;
            if( count < 16) {
                if( (istart8 <= lastSlotUsed) && (lastSlotUsed < 31)) {
                    istart8 = lastSlotUsed + 1;
                    if( iend8 < istart8) {
                        iend8 = istart8;
                    }
                }
                lastSlotUsed = iend8;
            }
            fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), istart8, rgbstart, iend8, rgbend);
            indexstart = indexend;
            rgbstart = rgbend;
        }
        return *this;
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::loadDynamicGradientPalette(TDynamicRGBGradientPalette_bytes)
    CRGBPalette32& loadDynamicGradientPalette( TDynamicRGBGradientPalette_bytes gpal )
    {
        TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion* ent = (TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion*)(gpal);
        TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion u;
        
        // Count entries
        uint16_t count = 0;
        do {
            u = *(ent + count);
            ++count;
        } while ( u.index != 255);
        
        int8_t lastSlotUsed = -1;
        
        
        u = *ent;
        CRGB rgbstart( u.r, u.g, u.b);
        
        int indexstart = 0;
        uint8_t istart8 = 0;
        uint8_t iend8 = 0;
        while( indexstart < 255) {
            ++ent;
            u = *ent;
            int indexend  = u.index;
            CRGB rgbend( u.r, u.g, u.b);
            istart8 = indexstart / 8;
            iend8   = indexend   / 8;
            if( count < 16) {
                if( (istart8 <= lastSlotUsed) && (lastSlotUsed < 31)) {
                    istart8 = lastSlotUsed + 1;
                    if( iend8 < istart8) {
                        iend8 = istart8;
                    }
                }
                lastSlotUsed = iend8;
            }
            fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), istart8, rgbstart, iend8, rgbend);
            indexstart = indexend;
            rgbstart = rgbend;
        }
        return *this;
    }
    
};


/// RGB color palette with 256 discrete values
class CRGBPalette256 {
public:
    CRGB entries[256];  ///< @copydoc CHSVPalette16::entries

    /// @copydoc CRGB::CRGB()
    CRGBPalette256() {};

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CRGB&,
    /// const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&,
    /// const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&,
    /// const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&,
    /// const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&)
    CRGBPalette256( const CRGB& c00,const CRGB& c01,const CRGB& c02,const CRGB& c03,
                  const CRGB& c04,const CRGB& c05,const CRGB& c06,const CRGB& c07,
                  const CRGB& c08,const CRGB& c09,const CRGB& c10,const CRGB& c11,
                  const CRGB& c12,const CRGB& c13,const CRGB& c14,const CRGB& c15 )
    {
        CRGBPalette16 p16(c00,c01,c02,c03,c04,c05,c06,c07,
                          c08,c09,c10,c11,c12,c13,c14,c15);
        *this = p16;
    };

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CRGBPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette256( const CRGBPalette256& rhs)
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs.entries[0]), sizeof( entries));
    }
    /// Create palette from array of CRGB colors
    CRGBPalette256( const CRGB rhs[256])
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs[0]), sizeof( entries));
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette256(const CRGBPalette256&)
    CRGBPalette256& operator=( const CRGBPalette256& rhs)
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs.entries[0]), sizeof( entries));
        return *this;
    }
    /// Create palette from array of CRGB colors
    CRGBPalette256& operator=( const CRGB rhs[256])
    {
        memmove8( (void *) &(entries[0]), &(rhs[0]), sizeof( entries));
        return *this;
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CHSVPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette256( const CHSVPalette256& rhs)
    {
        for( int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
           entries[i] = rhs.entries[i]; // implicit HSV-to-RGB conversion
        }
    }
    /// Create palette from array of CHSV colors
    CRGBPalette256( const CHSV rhs[256])
    {
        for( int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
            entries[i] = rhs[i]; // implicit HSV-to-RGB conversion
        }
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette256(const CRGBPalette256&)
    CRGBPalette256& operator=( const CHSVPalette256& rhs)
    {
    	for( int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
	    	entries[i] = rhs.entries[i]; // implicit HSV-to-RGB conversion
    	}
        return *this;
    }
    /// Create palette from array of CHSV colors
    CRGBPalette256& operator=( const CHSV rhs[256])
    {
        for( int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
            entries[i] = rhs[i]; // implicit HSV-to-RGB conversion
        }
        return *this;
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette32::CRGBPalette32(const CRGBPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette256( const CRGBPalette16& rhs16)
    {
        UpscalePalette( rhs16, *this);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette256(const CRGBPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette256& operator=( const CRGBPalette16& rhs16)
    {
        UpscalePalette( rhs16, *this);
        return *this;
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const TProgmemRGBPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette256( const TProgmemRGBPalette16& rhs)
    {
        CRGBPalette16 p16(rhs);
        *this = p16;
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette256(const TProgmemRGBPalette16&)
    CRGBPalette256& operator=( const TProgmemRGBPalette16& rhs)
    {
        CRGBPalette16 p16(rhs);
        *this = p16;
        return *this;
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::operator==
    bool operator==( const CRGBPalette256 &rhs) const
    {
        const uint8_t* p = (const uint8_t*)(&(this->entries[0]));
        const uint8_t* q = (const uint8_t*)(&(rhs.entries[0]));
        if( p == q) return true;
        for( uint16_t i = 0; i < (sizeof( entries)); ++i) {
            if( *p != *q) return false;
            ++p;
            ++q;
        }
        return true;
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::operator!=
    bool operator!=( const CRGBPalette256 &rhs) const
    {
        return !( *this == rhs);
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::operator[]
    inline CRGB& operator[] (uint8_t x) __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[x];
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::operator[]
    inline const CRGB& operator[] (uint8_t x) const __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[x];
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::operator[]
    inline CRGB& operator[] (int x) __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[(uint8_t)x];
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::operator[]
    inline const CRGB& operator[] (int x) const __attribute__((always_inline))
    {
        return entries[(uint8_t)x];
    }

    /// Get the underlying pointer to the CHSV entries making up the palette
    operator CRGB*()
    {
        return &(entries[0]);
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette256( const CHSV& c1)
    {
        fill_solid( &(entries[0]), 256, c1);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette256( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 256, c1, c2);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette256( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 256, c1, c2, c3);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&, const CHSV&)
    CRGBPalette256( const CHSV& c1, const CHSV& c2, const CHSV& c3, const CHSV& c4)
    {
        fill_gradient( &(entries[0]), 256, c1, c2, c3, c4);
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CRGB&)
    CRGBPalette256( const CRGB& c1)
    {
        fill_solid( &(entries[0]), 256, c1);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CRGB&, const CRGB&)
    CRGBPalette256( const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2)
    {
        fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), 256, c1, c2);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&)
    CRGBPalette256( const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2, const CRGB& c3)
    {
        fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), 256, c1, c2, c3);
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&, const CRGB&)
    CRGBPalette256( const CRGB& c1, const CRGB& c2, const CRGB& c3, const CRGB& c4)
    {
        fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), 256, c1, c2, c3, c4);
    }

    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::CRGBPalette16(TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes)
    CRGBPalette256( TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes progpal )
    {
        *this = progpal;
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette256(TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes)
    CRGBPalette256& operator=( TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_bytes progpal )
    {
        TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion* progent = (TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion*)(progpal);
        TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion u;
        u.dword = FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( progent);
        CRGB rgbstart( u.r, u.g, u.b);

        int indexstart = 0;
        while( indexstart < 255) {
            ++progent;
            u.dword = FL_PGM_READ_DWORD_NEAR( progent);
            int indexend  = u.index;
            CRGB rgbend( u.r, u.g, u.b);
            fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), indexstart, rgbstart, indexend, rgbend);
            indexstart = indexend;
            rgbstart = rgbend;
        }
        return *this;
    }
    /// @copydoc CRGBPalette16::loadDynamicGradientPalette(TDynamicRGBGradientPalette_bytes)
    CRGBPalette256& loadDynamicGradientPalette( TDynamicRGBGradientPalette_bytes gpal )
    {
        TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion* ent = (TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion*)(gpal);
        TRGBGradientPaletteEntryUnion u;
        u = *ent;
        CRGB rgbstart( u.r, u.g, u.b);

        int indexstart = 0;
        while( indexstart < 255) {
            ++ent;
            u = *ent;
            int indexend  = u.index;
            CRGB rgbend( u.r, u.g, u.b);
            fill_gradient_RGB( &(entries[0]), indexstart, rgbstart, indexend, rgbend);
            indexstart = indexend;
            rgbstart = rgbend;
        }
        return *this;
    }
};

/// @} PaletteClasses


/// @defgroup PaletteColors Palette Color Functions
/// Functions to retrieve smooth color data from palettes
/// @{

/// Color interpolation options for palette
typedef enum {
    NOBLEND=0,            ///< No interpolation between palette entries
    LINEARBLEND=1,        ///< Linear interpolation between palette entries, with wrap-around from end to the beginning again
    LINEARBLEND_NOWRAP=2  ///< Linear interpolation between palette entries, but no wrap-around
} TBlendType;

/// Get a color from a palette. 
/// These are the main functions for getting and using palette colors. Regardless
/// of the number of entries in the base palette, this function will interpolate
/// between entries to turn the discrete colors into a smooth gradient.
/// @param pal the palette to retrieve the color from
/// @param index the position in the palette to retrieve the color for (0-255)
/// @param brightness optional brightness value to scale the resulting color
/// @param blendType whether to take the palette entries directly (NOBLEND)
/// or blend linearly between palette entries (LINEARBLEND)
CRGB ColorFromPalette( const CRGBPalette16& pal,
                      uint8_t index,
                      uint8_t brightness=255,
                      TBlendType blendType=LINEARBLEND);


/// @brief Same as ColorFromPalette, but with uint16_t `index` to give greater precision.
/// @author https://github.com/generalelectrix
/// @source https://github.com/FastLED/FastLED/pull/202
/// @example https://wokwi.com/projects/285170662915441160
/// @example https://wokwi.com/projects/407831886158110721
CRGB ColorFromPaletteExtended(
    const CRGBPalette16& pal,
    uint16_t index,
    uint8_t brightness,
    TBlendType blendType);

/// @brief Same as ColorFromPalette, but higher precision. Will eventually
///        become the default.
/// @author https://github.com/generalelectrix
/// @source https://github.com/FastLED/FastLED/pull/202#issuecomment-631333384
/// @example https://wokwi.com/projects/285170662915441160
CRGB ColorFromPaletteExtended(
    const CRGBPalette32& pal,
    uint16_t index,
    uint8_t brightness,
    TBlendType blendType);

/// @copydoc ColorFromPalette(const CRGBPalette16&, uint8_t, uint8_t, TBlendType)
CRGB ColorFromPalette(const TProgmemRGBPalette16& pal,
                      uint8_t index,
                      uint8_t brightness=255,
                      TBlendType blendType=LINEARBLEND);

/// @copydoc ColorFromPalette(const CRGBPalette16&, uint8_t, uint8_t, TBlendType)
CRGB ColorFromPalette(const CRGBPalette256& pal,
                      uint8_t index,
                      uint8_t brightness=255,
                      TBlendType blendType=NOBLEND );

// @author https://github.com/generalelectrix
CRGB ColorFromPaletteExtended(const CRGBPalette256& pal,
                              uint16_t index,
                              uint8_t brightness,
                              TBlendType blendType);

/// @copydoc ColorFromPalette(const CRGBPalette16&, uint8_t, uint8_t, TBlendType)
CHSV ColorFromPalette( const CHSVPalette16& pal,
                       uint8_t index,
                       uint8_t brightness=255,
                       TBlendType blendType=LINEARBLEND);

/// @copydoc ColorFromPalette(const CRGBPalette16&, uint8_t, uint8_t, TBlendType)
CHSV ColorFromPalette( const CHSVPalette256& pal,
                       uint8_t index,
                       uint8_t brightness=255,
                       TBlendType blendType=NOBLEND );

/// @copydoc ColorFromPalette(const CRGBPalette16&, uint8_t, uint8_t, TBlendType)
CRGB ColorFromPalette( const CRGBPalette32& pal,
                      uint8_t index,
                      uint8_t brightness=255,
                      TBlendType blendType=LINEARBLEND);

/// @copydoc ColorFromPalette(const CRGBPalette16&, uint8_t, uint8_t, TBlendType)
CRGB ColorFromPalette( const TProgmemRGBPalette32& pal,
                      uint8_t index,
                      uint8_t brightness=255,
                      TBlendType blendType=LINEARBLEND);

/// @copydoc ColorFromPalette(const CRGBPalette16&, uint8_t, uint8_t, TBlendType)
CHSV ColorFromPalette( const CHSVPalette32& pal,
                      uint8_t index,
                      uint8_t brightness=255,
                      TBlendType blendType=LINEARBLEND);


/// Fill a range of LEDs with a sequence of entries from a palette
/// @tparam PALETTE the type of the palette used (auto-deduced)
/// @param L pointer to the LED array to fill
/// @param N number of LEDs to fill in the array
/// @param startIndex the starting color index in the palette
/// @param incIndex how much to increment the palette color index per LED
/// @param pal the color palette to pull colors from
/// @param brightness brightness value used to scale the resulting color
/// @param blendType whether to take the palette entries directly (NOBLEND)
/// or blend linearly between palette entries (LINEARBLEND)
template <typename PALETTE>
void fill_palette(CRGB* L, uint16_t N, uint8_t startIndex, uint8_t incIndex,
                  const PALETTE& pal, uint8_t brightness=255, TBlendType blendType=LINEARBLEND)
{
    uint8_t colorIndex = startIndex;
    for( uint16_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        L[i] = ColorFromPalette( pal, colorIndex, brightness, blendType);
        colorIndex += incIndex;
    }
}


/// Fill a range of LEDs with a sequence of entries from a palette, so that
/// the entire palette smoothly covers the range of LEDs. 
/// @tparam PALETTE the type of the palette used (auto-deduced)
/// @param L pointer to the LED array to fill
/// @param N number of LEDs to fill in the array
/// @param startIndex the starting color index in the palette
/// @param pal the color palette to pull colors from
/// @param brightness brightness value used to scale the resulting color
/// @param blendType whether to take the palette entries directly (NOBLEND)
/// or blend linearly between palette entries (LINEARBLEND)
/// @param reversed whether to progress through the palette backwards
template <typename PALETTE>
void fill_palette_circular(CRGB* L, uint16_t N, uint8_t startIndex,
                           const PALETTE& pal, uint8_t brightness=255, TBlendType blendType=LINEARBLEND,
                           bool reversed=false)
{
    if (N == 0) return;  // avoiding div/0

    const uint16_t colorChange = 65535 / N;              // color change for each LED, * 256 for precision
    uint16_t colorIndex = ((uint16_t) startIndex) << 8;  // offset for color index, with precision (*256)
 
   for (uint16_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        L[i] = ColorFromPalette(pal, (colorIndex >> 8), brightness, blendType);
        if (reversed) colorIndex -= colorChange;
        else colorIndex += colorChange;
    }
}


/// Maps an array of palette color indexes into an array of LED colors. 
///
/// This function provides an easy way to create lightweight color patterns that
/// can be deployed using any palette.
///
/// @param dataArray the source array, containing color indexes for the palette
/// @param dataCount the number of data elements in the array
/// @param targetColorArray the LED array to store the resulting colors into. Must be
/// at least as long as `dataCount`.
/// @param pal the color palette to pull colors from
/// @param brightness optional brightness value used to scale the resulting color
/// @param opacity optional opacity value for the new color. If this is 255 (default),
/// the new colors will be written to the array directly. Otherwise the existing LED
/// data will be scaled down using `CRGB::nscale8_video()` and then new colors will
/// be added on top. A higher value means that the new colors will be more visible.
/// @param blendType whether to take the palette entries directly (NOBLEND)
/// or blend linearly between palette entries (LINEARBLEND)
template <typename PALETTE>
void map_data_into_colors_through_palette(
	uint8_t *dataArray, uint16_t dataCount,
	CRGB* targetColorArray,
	const PALETTE& pal,
	uint8_t brightness=255,
	uint8_t opacity=255,
	TBlendType blendType=LINEARBLEND)
{
	for( uint16_t i = 0; i < dataCount; ++i) {
		uint8_t d = dataArray[i];
		CRGB rgb = ColorFromPalette( pal, d, brightness, blendType);
		if( opacity == 255 ) {
			targetColorArray[i] = rgb;
		} else {
			targetColorArray[i].nscale8( 256 - opacity);
			rgb.nscale8_video( opacity);
			targetColorArray[i] += rgb;
		}
	}
}


/// Alter one palette by making it slightly more like a "target palette".
/// Used for palette cross-fades.
///
/// It does this by comparing each of the R, G, and B channels
/// of each entry in the current palette to the corresponding
/// entry in the target palette and making small adjustments:
///   * If the CRGB::red channel is too low, it will be increased.
///   * If the CRGB::red channel is too high, it will be slightly reduced.
///
/// ...and so on and so forth for the CRGB::green and CRGB::blue channels.
///
/// Additionally, there are two significant visual improvements
/// to this algorithm implemented here. First is this:
///   * When increasing a channel, it is stepped up by ONE.
///   * When decreasing a channel, it is stepped down by TWO.
///
/// Due to the way the eye perceives light, and the way colors
/// are represented in RGB, this produces a more uniform apparent
/// brightness when cross-fading between most palette colors.
///
/// The second visual tweak is limiting the number of changes
/// that will be made to the palette at once. If all the palette
/// entries are changed at once, it can give a muddled appearance.
/// However, if only a *few* palette entries are changed at once,
/// you get a visually smoother transition: in the middle of the
/// cross-fade your current palette will actually contain some
/// colors from the old palette, a few blended colors, and some
/// colors from the new palette.
///
/// @param currentPalette the palette to modify
/// @param targetPalette the palette to move towards
/// @param maxChanges the maximum number of possible palette changes
/// to make to the color channels per call. The limit is 48 (16 color
/// entries times 3 channels each). The default is 24, meaning that
/// only half of the palette entries can be changed per call.
/// @warning The palette passed as `currentPalette` will be modified! Be sure
/// to make a copy beforehand if needed.
/// @todo Shouldn't the `targetPalette` be `const`?
void nblendPaletteTowardPalette( CRGBPalette16& currentPalette,
                                CRGBPalette16& targetPalette,
                                uint8_t maxChanges=24);

/// @} PaletteColors


/// Defines a static RGB palette very compactly using a series
/// of connected color gradients.
///
/// For example, if you want the first 3/4ths of the palette to be a slow
/// gradient ramping from black to red, and then the remaining 1/4 of the
/// palette to be a quicker ramp to white, you specify just three points: the
/// starting black point (at index 0), the red midpoint (at index 192),
/// and the final white point (at index 255).  It looks like this:
///   @code
///   index:  0                                    192          255
///           |----------r-r-r-rrrrrrrrRrRrRrRrRRRR-|-RRWRWWRWWW-|
///   color: (0,0,0)                           (255,0,0)    (255,255,255)
///   @endcode
///
/// Here's how you'd define that gradient palette using this macro:
///   @code{.cpp}
///   DEFINE_GRADIENT_PALETTE( black_to_red_to_white_p ) {
///        0,    0,   0,   0,  /* at index 0,   black(0,0,0) */
///       192, 255,   0,   0,  /* at index 192, red(255,0,0) */
///       255, 255, 255, 255   /* at index 255, white(255,255,255) */
///   };
///   @endcode
///
/// This format is designed for compact storage.  The example palette here
/// takes up just 12 bytes of PROGMEM (flash) storage, and zero bytes
/// of SRAM when not currently in use.
///
/// To use one of these gradient palettes, simply assign it into a
/// CRGBPalette16 or a CRGBPalette256, like this:
///   @code{.cpp}
///   CRGBPalette16 pal = black_to_red_to_white_p;
///   @endcode
///
/// When the assignment is made, the gradients are expanded out into
/// either 16 or 256 palette entries, depending on the kind of palette
/// object they're assigned to.
///
/// @warning The last "index" position **MUST** be 255! Failure to end
/// with index 255 will result in program hangs or crashes.  
/// @par
/// @warning At this point, these gradient palette definitions **MUST**
/// be stored in PROGMEM on AVR-based Arduinos. If you use the
/// `DEFINE_GRADIENT_PALETTE` macro, this is taken of automatically.
///
#define DEFINE_GRADIENT_PALETTE(X) \
  FL_ALIGN_PROGMEM \
  extern const TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_byte X[] FL_PROGMEM =

/// Forward-declaration macro for DEFINE_GRADIENT_PALETTE(X)
#define DECLARE_GRADIENT_PALETTE(X) \
  FL_ALIGN_PROGMEM \
  extern const TProgmemRGBGradientPalette_byte X[] FL_PROGMEM

/// @} ColorPalettes


/// @defgroup GammaFuncs Gamma Adjustment Functions
/// Functions for applying gamma adjustments to LED data. 
///
/// Gamma correction tries to compensate for the non-linear
/// manner in which humans perceive light and color. Gamma
/// correction is applied using the following expression:
///   @code{.cpp}
///   output = pow(input / 255.0, gamma) * 255.0;
///   @endcode
///
/// Larger gamma values result in darker images that have more contrast.
/// Lower gamma values result in lighter images with less contrast.
///
/// These functions apply either: 
///  * a single gamma adjustment to a single scalar value
///  * a single gamma adjustment to each channel of a CRGB color, or
///  * different gamma adjustments for each channel of a CRGB color
///
/// Note that the gamma is specified as a traditional floating point value,
/// e.g., "2.5", and as such these functions should not be called in
/// your innermost pixel loops, or in animations that are extremely
/// low on program storage space.  Nevertheless, if you need these
/// functions, here they are.
///
/// Furthermore, bear in mind that CRGB LEDs have only eight bits
/// per channel of color resolution, and that very small, subtle shadings
/// may not be visible.
///
/// @see @ref Dimming
/// @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_correction
/// @{

/// Applies a gamma adjustment to a color channel
/// @param brightness the value of the color data
/// @param gamma the gamma value to apply
/// @returns the color data, adjusted for gamma
uint8_t applyGamma_video( uint8_t brightness, float gamma);

/// Applies a gamma adjustment to a color
/// @param orig the color to apply an adjustment to
/// @param gamma the gamma value to apply
/// @returns copy of the CRGB object with gamma adjustment applied
CRGB    applyGamma_video( const CRGB& orig, float gamma);

/// Applies a gamma adjustment to a color
/// @param orig the color to apply an adjustment to
/// @param gammaR the gamma value to apply to the CRGB::red channel
/// @param gammaG the gamma value to apply to the CRGB::green channel
/// @param gammaB the gamma value to apply to the CRGB::blue channel
/// @returns copy of the CRGB object with gamma adjustment applied
CRGB    applyGamma_video( const CRGB& orig, float gammaR, float gammaG, float gammaB);


/// Destructively applies a gamma adjustment to a color
/// @param rgb the color to apply an adjustment to (modified in place)
/// @param gamma the gamma value to apply
CRGB&  napplyGamma_video( CRGB& rgb, float gamma);

/// Destructively applies a gamma adjustment to a color
/// @param rgb the color to apply an adjustment to (modified in place)
/// @param gammaR the gamma value to apply to the CRGB::red channel
/// @param gammaG the gamma value to apply to the CRGB::green channel
/// @param gammaB the gamma value to apply to the CRGB::blue channel
CRGB&  napplyGamma_video( CRGB& rgb, float gammaR, float gammaG, float gammaB);

/// Destructively applies a gamma adjustment to a color array
/// @param rgbarray pointer to an LED array to apply an adjustment to (modified in place)
/// @param count the number of LEDs to modify
/// @param gamma the gamma value to apply
void   napplyGamma_video( CRGB* rgbarray, uint16_t count, float gamma);

/// Destructively applies a gamma adjustment to a color array
/// @param rgbarray pointer to an LED array to apply an adjustment to (modified in place)
/// @param count the number of LEDs to modify
/// @param gammaR the gamma value to apply to the CRGB::red channel
/// @param gammaG the gamma value to apply to the CRGB::green channel
/// @param gammaB the gamma value to apply to the CRGB::blue channel
void   napplyGamma_video( CRGB* rgbarray, uint16_t count, float gammaR, float gammaG, float gammaB);

/// @} GammaFuncs

FASTLED_NAMESPACE_END

#endif
