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PMC2538538
18702812
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Health policy is based on the ideal that all inhabitants should have equal access to health care. US studies have found ethnic differences in the use of health care with lower consumption rates for people from ethnic minorities [##REF##16257951##1##,##REF##11748426##2##]. European...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Population</title>", "<p>From March 2002 to March 2003 the ethnicity of all <italic>new </italic>patients that visited the outpatient clinic of the department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (Erasmus MC), a university hospital in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, was reg...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>In total, 4438 new patients visited the outpatient clinic. From these 4438 patients, ethnicity was registered for 3985 patients (90%). Only residents of the municipality of Rotterdam were included (40%). Six ethnicities were included: Surinamese, Turkish, Moroccan, Aruban/Antillean, ...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>There is a higher number of new patient referral visits of Surinamese, Turkish and Moroccan immigrants, living in the referral area of the Erasmus MC, compared to native Dutch people than could be expected from their relative distribution in the population. In Rotterdam municipali...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>We conclude that especially first-generation immigrants make significantly more use of the outpatients' care in internal medicine. Ethnic differences might decrease as the share of first-generation immigrants decreases. Concerning this point, it is warranted to monitor the risks o...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>LCL drafted the manuscript. and performed the statistical analysis. AHB participated in the design of the study. SWJL and JPM both conceived of the study, and participated in its design. IJ participated in the conceive of the study, participated in its coordination and...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>This project was funded by Erasmus MC 'Doelmatigheid Zorg' (internal fund for efficiency of care.)</p>", "<p>The authors would like to thank P. Burger of the Centre for Research and Statistics (COS) Rotterdam for his assistance in obtaining the necessary data. We thank Kat...
[]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Population by living area, ethnicity, mean age, sex, generation and socio-economic status. N = 1332.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><underline>Referral area</underline></td><td align=\"ce...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>* Surinamese, Turkish, Moroccan, Antillean, Aruban and Caper Verdean together</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>*p-value of the overall ethnic differences (Wald test).</p><p><sup>a </sup>age 15–45, adjusted for sex, age and socio-economic status</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wr...
[]
[]
[{"surname": ["Nivel"], "given-names": ["R"], "article-title": ["Nationale Studie 2 [National Study 2] Article in Dutch"], "year": ["2004"]}, {"surname": ["Geiger", "Smedley BD"], "given-names": ["JH"], "article-title": ["Racial and ethnic disparities in diagnosis and treatment: A review of the evidence and a consideration of causes"], "source": ["Unequal treatment"], "year": ["2003"], "publisher-name": ["Washington D.C. , The National Academies Press"]}, {"surname": ["Plass"], "given-names": ["AMC"], "article-title": ["Medical care-seeking and self-care behaviour for minor illnesses"], "source": ["Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine (EMGO)"], "year": ["2005"], "publisher-name": ["Amsterdam , VU University"]}, {"surname": ["Weide", "Foets"], "given-names": ["MG", "M"], "article-title": ["Migranten in de huisartsenpraktijk: andere klachten en diagnosen dan Nederlanders\n[General practitioners and migrants; different complaints and diagnosis compared to native Dutch patients} Article in Dutch"], "source": ["Nederlands Tijdschrift Geneeskunde"], "year": ["1998"], "volume": ["142"], "fpage": ["2105"], "lpage": ["2109"]}, {"collab": ["Keij"], "article-title": ["Aantallen allochtonen volgens verschillende definities. [Number of immigrants: comparise the old and new definitions] Article in Dutch"], "source": ["Maandstatistiek bevolking"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["5"], "fpage": ["14"], "lpage": ["17"]}, {"surname": ["Bos"], "given-names": ["V"], "article-title": ["Ethnic inequalities in mortality in the Netherlands"], "source": ["Department of Public Health"], "year": ["2005"], "publisher-name": ["Rotterdam , Erasmus Medical Center"]}, {"surname": ["Bos", "Kunst", "Keij-Deerenberg", "Garssen", "Mackenbach"], "given-names": ["V", "AE", "IM", "J", "JP"], "article-title": ["Ethnic inequalities in age- and cause-specific mortality in The Netherlands"], "source": ["Int J Epidemiol"], "year": ["2004"]}, {"surname": ["Smedley", "Stith", "Nelson", "Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR"], "given-names": ["BD", "AY", "AR"], "article-title": ["Unequal treatment"], "source": ["Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care"], "year": ["2003"], "publisher-name": ["Washington, D.C. , The National Academies press"]}, {"surname": ["Luijten", "Tjadens"], "given-names": ["MCG", "FLJ"], "article-title": ["GP's in deprived neighbourhoods. 1995"], "year": ["1995"]}, {"surname": ["Smaje"], "given-names": ["C"], "source": ["Health, 'Race' and Ethnicity"], "year": ["1995"], "publisher-name": [" King's Fund Institute"]}, {"surname": ["Uitewaal", "Bruijnzeels", "Voorham", "Thomas"], "given-names": ["P", "M", "AJJ", "S"], "source": ["Effectiveness of diabetes peer education for Turkish type 2 diabetes patients.: Paris.\n\t\t\t\t\t"], "year": ["2000"]}, {"surname": ["Avezaat", "Smulders", "Haveman H, Uniken Venema H"], "given-names": ["J", "R"], "article-title": ["Huisartsenzorg: de mulitculturele huisartsenpraktijk anno 1996. [General practitioners: multicultural practice in the year 1996] Article in Dutch"], "source": ["Migranten en gezondheidszorg"], "year": ["1996"], "publisher-name": ["Houten , Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum"]}, {"surname": ["Es"], "given-names": ["D"], "source": ["De migrant als pati\u00ebnt [Migrant patients] In Dutch"], "year": ["1995"], "publisher-name": ["Utrecht , De Tijdstroom"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
47
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:38
BMC Public Health. 2008 Aug 14; 8:287
oa_package/55/5d/PMC2538538.tar.gz
PMC2538539
18752682
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Meal replacement shakes represent an important strategy in combating the worldwide epidemic of obesity due to their simplicity and convenience [##UREF##0##1##]. Meal replacement shakes have been studied extensively for both medical and public health efforts to combat obesity [##RE...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<p>Subjects were recruited by public advertisement. Subjects over 30 years of age with a body mass index (BMI) between 27 to 40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, and in good health by history, physical examination, and basic laboratory screening (complete blood count, serum chemistries, liver panel, an...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>100 obese men and women were randomly assigned to either a HP or SP MR diet plan. Fifteen subjects withdrew from the study within the first week after randomization due to noncompliance with the meal plan (6 in the HP group and 9 in the SP group). All other subjects completed the 12-...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Protein-enriched meal replacements within a higher protein diet resulted in no greater overall weight loss than the standard protein MR plan over 12 weeks. In this trial, the amounts of weight lost were typical for meal replacement studies done previously [##REF##10968732##10##]. ...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>In summary, both the HP and SP diets resulted in the expected weight loss typical of an MR diet plan at 12 weeks. Both diets were well tolerated, sustainable, and did not result in any adverse effects. While typical results for outpatient trials of MR were observed in both arms, g...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>All authors read and approved the final manuscript. LT participated in the conduct of the study, the analysis of the data, and drafted the manuscript. SC part...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>This study was supported through an unrestricted gift from Herbalife International, Los Angeles, California. LT was supported by NIH Training Grant No. DK0718033. SC, KH, and EY were supported by NIH Training Grant No.T32 DK 07688.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Weight change from baseline at 12 weeks. </bold>* p &lt; 0.05 compared with base line body weight. Blank bar represents the high protein group, the shaded bar represents the standard protein group.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"f...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Patient characteristics at baseline</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\">HP (N = 45)</td><td align=\"center\">SP (N = 42)</td><td align=\"center\">Total (N = 87)</td><td align=\"center\"...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>*p &lt; 0.0001 compare 12 weeks vs. baseline</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>*p &lt; 0.05 compare 12 weeks vs. baseline</p></table-wrap-foot>" ]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2891-7-23-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2891-7-23-2\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Li", "Bowerman", "Heber"], "given-names": ["Z", "S", "D"], "article-title": ["Meal Replacement: A Valuable Tool for Weight Management"], "source": ["Obesity Management"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["2"], "fpage": ["23"], "lpage": ["28"], "pub-id": ["10.1089/obe.2006.2.23"]}, {"surname": ["Heymsfield", "van Mierlo", "Knaap", "Heo", "Frier"], "given-names": ["SB", "CA", "HC van der", "M", "HI"], "article-title": ["Weight management using a meal replacement strategy: meta and pooling analysis from six studies"], "source": ["Int J Obes Relat Metab Disorder"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["27"], "fpage": ["537"], "lpage": ["549"], "pub-id": ["10.1038/sj.ijo.0802258"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
15
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:38
Nutr J. 2008 Aug 27; 7:23
oa_package/20/ae/PMC2538539.tar.gz
PMC2538540
18717996
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Commentary</title>", "<p>In the accompanying article, Odhiambo, Stoute and colleagues show how the age distribution of malarial anaemia and the haemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs) may be linked by an age-dependent increase in the capacity of RBCs to inactivate complement components absorbed or deposited ...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
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[]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
25
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:38
BMC Med. 2008 Aug 21; 6:24
oa_package/3b/f7/PMC2538540.tar.gz
PMC2538541
18713448
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>In clinical research and public health, it is frequently necessary to combine findings from multiple interventional or observational studies in order to address important safety and efficacy questions. A single study rarely provides a definitive answer because of limited sample si...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>The Beta-Binomial distribution</title>", "<p>Both Chuang-Stein [##UREF##1##2##] and Ennis [##UREF##4##5##] provide excellent references for those who are interested in the history of the beta-binomial model. Recall the definition of the binomial distribution:</p>", "<p></p>",...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>We will illustrate the application of the beta-binomial method using an analysis that examined the adverse effects of oral anti-fungal agents. Oral anti-fungal agents, including terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole, have become the treatment of choice for onychomycosis and derm...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Along with the development of drugs, vaccines, and medical products for unmet medical needs, more robust analytic methods are needed to quantify the risks associated with the use of these agents, so that regulators and clinicians can rigorously assess the risk-benefit profiles of ...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>In the process of pooling event rates from multiple studies, one must consider the existence of overdispersion and the adequacy of the binomial model. In the example that we have presented, we estimated the pooled proportion of adverse events using the beta-binomial model. While w...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Appendix</title>", "<p>Studies Included in Table ##TAB##0##1##</p>", "<p>1. Alpsoy E, Yilmaz E, Basaran E. Intermittent therapy with terbinafine for dermatophyte toe-onychomycosis: a new approach. J Dermatol. 1996:23:259–262.</p>", "<p>2. Arca E, Taştan HB, Akar A, Kurumlu Z, Gür AR. An open, randomiz...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We thank Dr. Chia-Hsuin Chang for acquisition of data. The study was funded by the Research and Teaching account of K. Arnold Chan at Harvard School of Public Health and the Harvard Pharmacoepidemiology Program. The Harvard Pharmacoepidemiology Program, which has received un...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Variety of shapes for beta distributions.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Beta distribution for the binomial proportions based on example.</p></caption></fig>" ]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Treatment arms of terbinafine included in pooled estimates</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\">Treatment <break/>Arm*<break/></td><td align=\"center\">Sample Size <break/>(No. of Patients – ...
[ "<disp-formula id=\"bmcM1\"><label>(1)</label><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\" name=\"1471-2288-8-58-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mtable><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Prob</mml:mtext><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mo...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>*Referenced separately in appendix</p></table-wrap-foot>" ]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2288-8-58-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2288-8-58-2\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Rothman", "Greenland"], "given-names": ["JJ", "S"], "source": ["Modern Epidemiology"], "year": ["1998"], "edition": ["2"], "publisher-name": ["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Boston"]}, {"surname": ["Chuang-Stein"], "given-names": ["C"], "article-title": ["An application of the beta-binomial model to combine and monitor medical event rates in clinical trials"], "source": ["Drug Inf J"], "year": ["1993"], "volume": ["27"], "fpage": ["515"], "lpage": ["523"]}, {"surname": ["Cox"], "given-names": ["DR"], "article-title": ["Some remarks on overdispersion"], "source": ["Biometrika"], "year": ["1983"], "volume": ["70"], "fpage": ["269"], "lpage": ["274"], "pub-id": ["10.1093/biomet/70.1.269"]}, {"surname": ["Anderson"], "given-names": ["DA"], "article-title": ["Some models for overdispersed Binomial data"], "source": ["Austral J Statist"], "year": ["1988"], "volume": ["30"], "fpage": ["125"], "lpage": ["148"], "pub-id": ["10.1111/j.1467-842X.1988.tb00844.x"]}, {"surname": ["Ennis", "Bi"], "given-names": ["DM", "J"], "article-title": ["The beta-binomial model: accounting for inter-trial variation in replicated difference and preference tests"], "source": ["Journal of Sensory Studies"], "year": ["1998"], "volume": ["13"], "fpage": ["389"], "lpage": ["412"], "pub-id": ["10.1111/j.1745-459X.1998.tb00097.x"]}, {"surname": ["Jansche"], "given-names": ["M"], "article-title": ["Parametric models of linguistic count data"], "source": ["Computational Linguistics"], "year": ["2003"], "fpage": ["288"], "lpage": ["295"]}, {"surname": ["Skellam"], "given-names": ["JG"], "article-title": ["A probability Distribution derived from the binomial distribution by regarding the probability of success as variable between the sets of trials"], "source": ["J Royal Statistical Soc Series B"], "year": ["1948"], "volume": ["10"], "fpage": ["257"], "lpage": ["261"]}, {"surname": ["Kleinman"], "given-names": ["JC"], "article-title": ["Proportions with extraneous variance: single and independent samples"], "source": ["J Am Statistical Assoc"], "year": ["1973"], "volume": ["68"], "fpage": ["46"], "lpage": ["54"], "pub-id": ["10.2307/2284137"]}, {"surname": ["Lindstrom", "Bates"], "given-names": ["MJ", "DM"], "article-title": ["Newton-Raphson and EM algorithms for linear mixed-effects models for repeated-measures data"], "source": ["Journal of the American Statistical Association"], "year": ["1988"], "volume": ["83"], "fpage": ["1014"], "lpage": ["1022"], "pub-id": ["10.2307/2290128"]}, {"surname": ["Wakelin"], "given-names": ["I"], "article-title": ["MACRO Betabin"]}, {"surname": ["Brockhoff"], "given-names": ["PB"], "article-title": ["The statistical power of replications in difference tests"], "source": ["Food Quality & Preference"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["14"], "fpage": ["405"], "lpage": ["417"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S0950-3293(03)00003-X"]}, {"surname": ["Nelson", "Fitzmaurice", "Strawderman"], "given-names": ["KP", "G", "P"], "article-title": ["Use of the Probability Integral Transformation to Fit Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Models With Nonnormal Random Effects"], "source": ["Journal of Computational & Graphical Statistics"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["15"], "fpage": ["39"], "lpage": ["57"], "pub-id": ["10.1198/106186006X96854"]}, {"surname": ["Guimar\u00e3es"], "given-names": ["P"], "article-title": ["A simple approach to fit the beta-binomial model"], "source": ["Stata Journal"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["5"], "fpage": ["385"], "lpage": ["394"]}, {"surname": ["Neerchal", "Morel"], "given-names": ["NK", "JG"], "article-title": ["Large cluster results for two parametric multinomial extra variation models"], "source": ["Journal of the American Statistical Association"], "year": ["1998"], "volume": ["93"], "fpage": ["1078"], "lpage": ["1087"], "pub-id": ["10.2307/2669851"]}, {"surname": ["Leonard"], "given-names": ["T"], "article-title": ["A Bayesian approach to some multinomial estimation and pretesting problems"], "source": ["Journal of the American Statistical Association"], "year": ["1977"], "volume": ["72"], "fpage": ["869"], "lpage": ["874"], "pub-id": ["10.2307/2286478"]}, {"surname": ["Gutierrez", "Carter", "Drukker"], "given-names": ["RG", "S", "DM"], "article-title": ["On boundary-value likelihood-ratio tests"], "source": ["Stata Technical Bulletin"], "volume": ["60"], "fpage": ["15"], "lpage": ["18"]}, {"surname": ["Tarone"], "given-names": ["RE"], "article-title": ["Testing the goodness of fit of the binomial distribution"], "source": ["Biometrika"], "year": ["1979"], "volume": ["66"], "fpage": ["585"], "lpage": ["590"], "pub-id": ["10.1093/biomet/66.3.585"]}, {"surname": ["Carlin", "Louis"], "given-names": ["BP", "TA"], "source": ["Bayes and Empirical Bayes Methods for Data Analysis"], "year": ["2000"], "edition": ["2"], "publisher-name": ["Chapman and Hall/CRC Press. Boco Raton"]}, {"surname": ["Congdon"], "given-names": ["P"], "source": ["Applied Bayesian Modelling"], "year": ["2004"], "publisher-name": ["John Wiley & Sons. New York"]}, {"surname": ["Lee", "Sabavala"], "given-names": ["JC", "DJ"], "article-title": ["Bayesian Estimation and Prediction for the Beta-Binomial Model"], "source": ["Journal of Business and Economic Statistics"], "year": ["1987"], "volume": ["5"], "fpage": ["357"], "lpage": ["367"], "pub-id": ["10.2307/1391611"]}, {"surname": ["Lee", "Lio"], "given-names": ["JC", "YL"], "article-title": ["A note on Bayesian estimation and prediction for the beta-binomial model"], "source": ["Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation"], "year": ["1997"], "volume": ["63"], "fpage": ["73"], "lpage": ["91"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/00949659908811950"]}, {"surname": ["Chang", "Chen", "Young-Xu", "Kurth", "John Orav", "Yang", "Chan"], "given-names": ["CH", "KY", "Y", "T", "E", "PC", "KA"], "article-title": ["The safety and efficacy of gefitinib versus platinum-based doublets chemotherapy as the first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients in East Asia: A meta-analysis"], "source": ["Lung Cancer"], "year": ["2008"], "comment": ["2008, Apr 17."]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
29
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:38
BMC Med Res Methodol. 2008 Aug 19; 8:58
oa_package/53/56/PMC2538541.tar.gz
PMC2538542
18727835
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>'What happens to research-based findings after they are completed and published?' This is a question heard more often with the qualitative and quantitative development of research. In the 2004 World Health Organization report on 'knowledge for better health', 'linking research to ...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Data-gathering tools</title>", "<p>The tools for data-gathering consisted of two sections: the data-gathering form (checklist), which was filled by the research team using research proposals and final reports [see Additional File ##SUPPL##0##1##], and the researcher's questionn...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Population under study</title>", "<p>A total of 208 researchers participated, 130 of whom were male (62.5%). The age range was 25 to 72 years, and the mean age was 45.6 years (SD = 9.4). Regarding academic rank, 15% of researchers were non-academic members, 7% were instructors,...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>This study shows that passive strategies hold a greater share of knowledge transfer activities as compared to active ones in TUMS. While TUMS researchers have gained 22% of the total score for passive strategies of knowledge transfer (including preparation of articles for publicat...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>This study was carried out in one of the universities of a Middle Eastern developing country. Here we observe that, like many other universities in the world, many academicians still do not give priority to active strategies. Even though previous studies have shown that many facto...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>SN and RM participated in the design, statistical analysis, and manuscript writing. JG designed and conducted the study. SN, MG, MS, and MA gathered the data....
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>This study had been sponsored by the deputy of research in TUMS through contract no. 85-03-74-4418. The authors appreciate Mr. Ramavandi's efforts in collecting the questionnaires of the study. We would like to thank Mandi Newton and Jacqueline Tetroe, the referees, for thei...
[]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>'Passive' knowledge transfer strategies of TUMS researchers, based on the type of research.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Strategy</td><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"2\">Basic</td><td al...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>The Research Questionnaire (checklist)</p></caption></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S2\"><caption><title>Additional file 2</title><p>Researcher's Questio...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>*These coefficients represent the change in the total score of passive strategies, where the maximum score attainable is 18.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>*These coefficients represent the change in the total score of active strategies, where the maximum score attainable is 6.<...
[]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1748-5908-3-39-S1.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1748-5908-3-39-S2.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"source": ["World Report On Knowledge For Better Health: Strengthening Health Systems"], "year": ["2004"], "publisher-name": ["Geneva, World Health Organization"]}, {"surname": ["Lehoux", "Denis", "Tailliez", "Hivon"], "given-names": ["P", "JL", "S", "M"], "article-title": ["Dissemination of health technology assessments: identifying the visions guiding an evolving policy innovation in Canada"], "source": ["J Health Politics, Policy & Law"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["30"], "fpage": ["603"], "lpage": ["641"], "pub-id": ["10.1215/03616878-30-4-603"]}, {"surname": ["Moin", "Mahmoud", "Razaei"], "given-names": ["M", "M", "N"], "article-title": ["Scientific output of Iran at the threshold of the 21st century"], "source": ["Scientometrics"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["62"], "fpage": ["239"], "lpage": ["248"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/s11192-005-0017-5"]}, {"collab": ["World Health Organization"], "source": ["A study of national health research systems in selected countries of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Morocco, Pakistan and Sudan"], "year": ["2004"], "publisher-name": ["World Health Organization,Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean"], "fpage": ["76"], "lpage": ["80"]}, {"surname": ["Bogenschneider", "Olson", "Linney", "Mills"], "given-names": ["K", "JR", "KD", "J"], "article-title": ["Connecting research and policy: Implications for theory and practice from the Family Impact Seminars"], "source": ["Family Relations"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["49"], "fpage": ["327"], "lpage": ["339"], "pub-id": ["10.1111/j.1741-3729.2000.00327.x"]}, {"surname": ["Huberman"], "given-names": ["AM"], "article-title": ["Improving social practice through the utilization of university-based knowledge"], "source": ["Higher Education"], "year": ["1983"], "volume": ["12"], "fpage": ["257"], "lpage": ["272"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/BF00154422"]}, {"surname": ["Landry", "Amara", "Lamari"], "given-names": ["R", "N", "M"], "article-title": ["Utilization of social science research knowledge in Canada"], "source": ["Research Policy"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["30"], "fpage": ["333"], "lpage": ["349"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00081-0"]}, {"surname": ["Crosswaite", "Curtice"], "given-names": ["C", "L"], "article-title": ["Disseminating research results-The challenge of bridging the gap between health research and health action"], "source": ["Health Promotion International"], "year": ["1994"], "volume": ["9"], "fpage": ["289"], "lpage": ["296"], "pub-id": ["10.1093/heapro/9.4.289"]}, {"surname": ["Boyer"], "given-names": ["EL"], "source": ["Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate"], "year": ["1990"], "publisher-name": ["New York, The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching"]}, {"surname": ["Glassick", "Huber", "Maeroff"], "given-names": ["CE", "MT", "GI"], "source": ["Scholarship assessed: Evaluation of the professoriate"], "year": ["1997"], "publisher-name": ["San Francisco, Jossey-Bass"]}, {"surname": ["Lynton", "Elman"], "given-names": ["EA", "SE"], "source": ["New priorities for the university"], "year": ["1987"], "publisher-name": ["San Francisco, Jossey-Bass"]}, {"surname": ["Johnson"], "given-names": ["KW"], "article-title": ["Stimulating evaluation use by integrating academia and practice"], "source": ["Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization"], "year": ["1980"], "volume": ["2"], "fpage": ["237"], "lpage": ["262"]}, {"surname": ["Stevens", "Bagby"], "given-names": ["JM", "JW"], "article-title": ["Knowledge transfer from universities to business: Returns for all stakeholders?"], "source": ["Organization"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["8"], "fpage": ["259"], "lpage": ["268"], "pub-id": ["10.1177/1350508401082012"]}, {"surname": ["Jacobson", "Butterill", "Goering"], "given-names": ["N", "D", "P"], "article-title": ["Organizational Factors that Influence University-Based Researchers' Engagement in Knowledge Transfer Activities"], "source": ["Science Communication"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["25"], "fpage": ["246"], "lpage": ["259"], "pub-id": ["10.1177/1075547003262038"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
23
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:38
Implement Sci. 2008 Aug 26; 3:39
oa_package/ff/4a/PMC2538542.tar.gz
PMC2538543
18752663
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Until recently, research on correlates of physical activity was dominated by studies of individual demographic and psychosocial characteristics [##REF##12471307##1##]. This reflected an emphasis on promoting sport, recreation or health-directed exercise using techniques to encoura...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Delineation of study areas</title>", "<p>We used spatially referenced census and transport infrastructure data held and analysed in a geographical information system (GIS), combined with field visits, to delineate three study areas in Glasgow with similar aggregate socioeconomi...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Response</title>", "<p>We received 1345 completed questionnaires. After subtracting from the numerator 23 completed questionnaires with missing critical demographic data (age or sex), and after subtracting from the denominator 676 addresses from which survey packs were returned...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<title>Principal findings</title>", "<p>In this deprived urban population, the likelihood of reporting active travel was associated with being younger, living in owner-occupied accommodation, not having to travel a long distance to work and not having access to a car, whereas overa...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>After demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were taken into account, neither perceptions of the local environment nor objective proximity to major road infrastructure appeared to explain much of the variance in active travel or overall physical activity in this study. Our ...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>This paper is based on material contained in the first author's PhD thesis.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>DO had the original idea for the study, designed the study and the survey materials, applied for ethical approval, cleaned and coded the surv...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>DO was funded by a Medical Research Council (MRC) special training fellowship in health of the public research (award reference no. G106/1203 67290). MP, RM and SP were funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Executive Health Department (now of the Scottish Gove...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Boundaries of local study areas defined in terms of census output areas</bold>. Data and raster image <sup>© </sup>Crown Copyright/database right 2005. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"floa...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Definitions of study areas</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Study area</bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold>Definition</bold></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">South</td><...
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Survey questionnaire</p></caption></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S2\"><caption><title>Additional file 2</title><p>Further details of multivariate logist...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>n = 1322. * On a government training scheme, full-time student, unemployed, disabled, invalid or permanently sick, or caring for home and family or dependants. <sup>† </sup>Rented in the private sector, part-owned and part-rented, or other form of tenure.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5868-5-43-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5868-5-43-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5868-5-43-3\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1479-5868-5-43-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1479-5868-5-43-S2.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"surname": ["Handy"], "given-names": ["S"], "source": ["Critical assessment of the literature on the relationships among transportation, land use, and physical activity"], "year": ["2004"], "publisher-name": ["Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board and Institute of Medicine Committee on Physical Activity, Health, Transportation, and Land Use"]}, {"surname": ["Badland", "Schofield"], "given-names": ["H", "G"], "article-title": ["Transport, urban design and physical activity: an evidence-based update"], "source": ["Transport Res D"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["10"], "fpage": ["177"], "lpage": ["196"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/j.trd.2004.12.001"]}, {"surname": ["Wendel-Vos", "Droomers", "Kremers", "Brug", "van Lenthe", "Brug J, van Lenthe F"], "given-names": ["W", "M", "S", "J", "F"], "article-title": ["Potential environmental determinants of physical activity in adults"], "source": ["Environmental determinants and interventions for physical activity, nutrition and smoking: a review"], "year": ["2005"], "publisher-name": ["Rotterdam: Erasmus University Medical Centre"]}, {"surname": ["Handy"], "given-names": ["S"], "article-title": ["Methodologies for exploring the link between urban form and travel behavior"], "source": ["Transport Res D"], "year": ["1996"], "volume": ["1"], "fpage": ["151"], "lpage": ["165"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S1361-9209(96)00010-7"]}, {"collab": ["Glasgow and the Clyde Valley Structure Plan Joint Committee"], "source": ["Glasgow and the Clyde Valley joint structure plan 2000 Glasgow"], "year": ["2000"]}, {"surname": ["Ware", "Kosinski", "Dewey", "Gandek"], "given-names": ["J", "M", "J", "B"], "source": ["How to score and interpret single-item health status measures: a manual for users of the SF-8 (TM) Health Survey"], "year": ["2001"], "publisher-name": ["Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric Incorporated"]}, {"collab": ["Chief Medical Officer"], "source": ["At least five a week: evidence on the impact of physical activity and its relationship to health"], "year": ["2004"], "publisher-name": ["London: Department of Health"]}, {"surname": ["Hosmer", "Lemeshow"], "given-names": ["D", "S"], "article-title": ["Model-building strategies and methods for logistic regression"], "source": ["Applied logistic regression"], "year": ["1989"], "publisher-name": ["New York: Wiley"], "fpage": ["82"], "lpage": ["134"]}, {"surname": ["Parry", "Bancroft", "Gnich", "Amos"], "given-names": ["O", "A", "W", "A"], "article-title": ["Issues of respondent recruitment in areas of deprivation"], "source": ["Critical Public Health"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["11"], "fpage": ["305"], "lpage": ["317"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/09581590110094585"]}, {"surname": ["Nicolaas"], "given-names": ["G"], "article-title": ["The use of incentives to motivate \"hard to get\" households on the National Travel Survey"], "source": ["Survey Methods Newsletter"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["22"], "fpage": ["19"], "lpage": ["27"]}, {"surname": ["Nicolaas"], "given-names": ["G"], "article-title": ["Putting voters in the frame"], "source": ["NatCen News"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["13"], "fpage": ["12"]}, {"surname": ["Stamatakis", "Sproston K, Primatesta P"], "given-names": ["E"], "article-title": ["Physical activity"], "source": ["Health survey for England 2003: risk factors for cardiovascular disease"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["2"], "publisher-name": ["London: National Statistics"]}, {"surname": ["Hedges"], "given-names": ["A"], "source": ["Adaptations to traffic noise"], "year": ["1983"], "publisher-name": ["London: Social and Community Planning Research"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
34
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:38
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008 Aug 27; 5:43
oa_package/b8/7a/PMC2538543.tar.gz
PMC2538544
18761742
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Mucinous carcinoma of the ovary accounts for 5–10% of all primary epithelial ovarian cancer [##UREF##0##1##]. Patients with mucinous ovarian cancer generally undergo the same first- and second-line treatment as patients with other histological subtypes [##REF##16239238##2##]. Howe...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<p>Patients with recurrent advanced ovarian cancer and a recurrence free interval (RFI) longer than 6 months were considered eligible for the study. The patients were observed in the years 2000–2002 in 37 Italian centres. Data were collected between April and September 2005. Four-hundre...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>Mucinous tumors were diagnosed in 20 patients, as compared with 388 patients with other histological subtypes (table ##TAB##0##1##). Median age, performance status, results of primary surgery were similar between the two groups. In mucinous ovarian cancer, the grading of the tumors w...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>This retrospective study indicates that recurrent mucinous ovarian cancer has a lower response rate to chemotherapy and a worst prognosis compared to non-mucinous subtypes. Moreover, patients receive less chemotherapy lines for recurrence as compared to other histotypes and when u...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>In conclusion, we showed that mucinous ovarian cancer has a poor response to chemotherapy in the recurrence setting along with a worst prognosis. Responses to platinum re-treatment are less frequent than in non-mucinous cancer, while anecdotal responses occur with non-platinum age...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>SP, GF, GS, PS participated in the design of the study; GM performed the statistical analysis. SP conceived of the study, and participated in its design and c...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>The SOCRATES project was supported by an unrestricted grant from GSK Italy. The MITO group is supported by a project grant from Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro. The authors remember Giovanni Favalli, recently deceased, that was a member of the SOCRATES board....
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Overall survival from recurrence in patients with mucinous (◆) compared to other histotypes (■).</p></caption></fig>" ]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of the patients with recurrent mucinous ovarian cancer compared to other histological subtypes at the time of initial diagnosis of ovarian cancer.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td ali...
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>participating institutions and co-authors.</p></caption></supplementary-material>" ]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>• t-test; ** χ<sup>2 </sup>Mantel-Haenszel; *** χ<sup>2</sup></p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>* t-test; ** χ<sup>2 </sup>Mantel-Haenszel; *** χ<sup>2</sup>; ****Wilcoxon</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>* χ<sup>2</sup>; **t-test</p></table-wrap-foot>" ]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2407-8-252-1\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2407-8-252-S1.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"surname": ["Harrison", "Jameson", "Gore"], "given-names": ["ML", "G", "ME"], "article-title": ["Mucinous ovarian cancer"], "source": ["Int J Gynecol Oncol"], "year": ["2007"]}, {"surname": ["Enomoto", "Kuragakin", "Yamasaki"], "given-names": ["T", "C", "M"], "article-title": ["Is clear cell carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma of ovary sensitive to combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin?"], "source": ["Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["22"], "fpage": ["447"]}, {"surname": ["Kaplan", "Meier"], "given-names": ["EL", "P"], "article-title": ["Non parametric estimation from incomplete observation"], "source": ["J Am Stat Assoc"], "year": ["1958"], "volume": ["53"], "fpage": ["457"], "lpage": ["481"], "pub-id": ["10.2307/2281868"]}, {"surname": ["Enomoto", "Weghorst", "Inoue", "Tanizawa", "Rice"], "given-names": ["T", "CM", "M", "O", "JM"], "article-title": ["K-ras activation occur frequently in mucinous adenocarcinomas and rarely in other common epithelial tumors of the ovary"], "source": ["J Pathol"], "year": ["1991"], "volume": ["139"], "fpage": ["777"], "lpage": ["85"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
22
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:38
BMC Cancer. 2008 Sep 1; 8:252
oa_package/7a/07/PMC2538544.tar.gz
PMC2538545
18699990
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Human tetratricopeptide repeat domain 9 (TTC9) was first reported as a hypothetical protein KIAA0227 by Nagase et al, based on the sequence analysis of a cDNA clone isolated from a brain cDNA library [##REF##9039502##1##]. It was later identified as a steroid hormone-regulated gen...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Cell line and reagents</title>", "<p>COS-7 cells were obtained from Dr. Koh Cheng Gee, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.</p>", "<p>COS-7 cells were routinely maintained in phenol red- and high D-glucose- containing Dulbecco's Modified...
[ "<title>Results and Discussion</title>", "<title>TTC9A is over-expressed in breast cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues</title>", "<p>Previous results have shown that TTC9A is a hormonally regulated gene <italic>in vitro </italic>[##REF##16678794##2##]. As breast cancer is well-known to be a...
[ "<title>Results and Discussion</title>", "<title>TTC9A is over-expressed in breast cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues</title>", "<p>Previous results have shown that TTC9A is a hormonally regulated gene <italic>in vitro </italic>[##REF##16678794##2##]. As breast cancer is well-known to be a...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>In summary, this study revealed that TTC9A was over-expressed in breast cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues, suggesting that TTC9A might be an important gene involved in the breast cancer development process. We have identified Tm5NM-1, a tropomyosin family pr...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>SLC performed most of the experiments, analyzed and interpreted data and participated in the manuscript writing. GHH provided the tissue samples and conducted...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We would like to thank Dr. Takahiro Nagase, Kazusa DNA Research Institute Foundation, Japan, for providing the TTC9A cDNA.</p>", "<p>This work was supported by the A*STAR Biomedical Research Council, Republic of Singapore (06/1/221/19/455) to Valerie C-L. Lin.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>The expression level of TTC9A mRNA was significantly higher in breast cancer tissues than that in the adjacent normal breast tissues.</bold> Total RNA was extracted from human breast cancer tissues and the matched adjacent normal breast tis...
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[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2407-8-231-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2407-8-231-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2407-8-231-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2407-8-231-4\"/>" ]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
44
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:38
BMC Cancer. 2008 Aug 12; 8:231
oa_package/7d/48/PMC2538545.tar.gz
PMC2538560
18818761
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Initially isolated from macrophages as a potent interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-inducing factor ##REF##7477296##[1]##, ##REF##8666798##[2]##, Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a multifunctional cytokine affecting both innate and adaptive immune responses ##REF##11244043##[3]##, ##REF##12554798##[4...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Mice</title>", "<p>All animal experiments were approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. NOD/<italic>scid</italic>/β2microglobulin<italic><sup>null</sup></italic> (NOD/<italic>scid</italic>/β2<italic>m<sup>null</sup></italic>) ##REF...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>In preliminary experiments we evaluated recombinant human IL-18 at doses from 1 to 100 µg/mouse/day for anti-tumor effects in xenografted mice (data not shown), and 15 µg was chosen as a daily dose based on tolerability and efficacy, and because this dose is less than the equivalent ...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>This study demonstrates that in immune-deficient mice engrafted with human PBMCs, human IL-18 administration exerts opposite effects upon two human cell populations: CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell numbers are increased, while CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>FoxP3<sup>+</sup> Treg cell numb...
[]
[ "<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: RGC SMA GC JLR CHJ. Performed the experiments: RGC CC XS GDD RL TG SJ. Analyzed the data: RGC CC XS GDD TG JLR ZLJ SJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ZLJ. Wrote the paper: RGC CHJ.</p>", "<p>IL-18 has pleotropic effects on the activation of T cells durin...
[ "<title>Supporting Information</title>" ]
[ "<p>We thank Ella Ofori, Laura Pell and Michelle Kanther for expert technical assistance.</p>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"pone-0003289-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003289.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Human IL-18 Promotes Systemic Increases in Human CD8 T Cell Numbers in NOD/<italic>scid/</italic>β2<italic>m</italic>\n<sup>null</sup> mice injected wi...
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pone.0003289.s001\"><label>Figure S1</label><caption><p>Photomicrographs of lung and liver tissue sections taken from animals after xenogeneic GVHD induction. 10 million PBMC were transferred into NOG recipient mice followed by daily injections of IL-18 (15 ...
[ "<fn-group><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>Z.L.J. is an employee of GlaxoSmithKline; the other authors have no competing financial interests to declare.</p></fn><fn fn-type=\"financial-disclosure\"><p><bold>Funding: </bold>This study was supported by research funding from GlaxoSmi...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003289.g001\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003289.g002\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003289.g003\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003289.g004\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003289.g005\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003289.g006\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\...
[ "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003289.s001.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003289.s002.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"label": ["30"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Basu", "Golovina", "Mikheeva", "June", "Riley"], "given-names": ["S", "T", "T", "CH", "JL"], "year": ["2008"], "article-title": ["Foxp3 Mediated Induction of Pim 2 Allows Human T Regulatory Cells to Preferentially Expand in Rapamycin."], "source": ["J Immunol in press"]}, {"label": ["45"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Agaugue", "Marcenaro", "Ferranti", "Moretta", "Moretta"], "given-names": ["S", "E", "B", "L", "A"], "year": ["2008"], "article-title": ["Human natural killer cells exposed to IL-2, IL-12, IL-18 or IL-4 differently modulate priming of naive T cells by monocyte-derived dendritic cells."], "source": ["Blood Jun 25 [Epub ahead of print]"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
65
CC BY
no
2022-01-13 07:14:35
PLoS One. 2008 Sep 26; 3(9):e3289
oa_package/68/2e/PMC2538560.tar.gz
PMC2538561
18818762
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>The systematic mapping of genetic interactions in biological systems has the potential to provide a better understanding of how genes function as networks to carry out and regulate cellular processes. In particular, recent advances in the experimental technologies which allow fo...
[ "<title>Materials and Methods</title>", "<title>Approximating the double-mutant fitness matrix</title>", "<p>For a given subset of mutation pairs, we calculated the matrix approximation of Eq. 2 using the decomposition algorithm by De Leeuw ##UREF##2##[16]##. Formally, we solved the following weighted least-squ...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Estimating single-mutant fitness values</title>", "<p>As an initial study objective, we sought to assess the accuracy to which the single-mutant fitness vector could be estimated directly from the double-mutant fitness matrix . In the quantitative genetic interaction dataset o...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The growing availability of large-scale genetic interaction datasets is enabling computational methods to systematically explore how genes interact to produce phenotypes on a global network-level. While these datasets yield an unprecedented insight into the organization and functi...
[]
[ "<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: APJ LLE TA. Performed the experiments: APJ TA. Analyzed the data: APJ JH. Wrote the paper: APJ JH LLE TA.</p>", "<p>Despite the emerging experimental techniques for perturbing multiple genes and measuring their quantitative phenotypic effects, genetic interactions have ...
[ "<title>Supporting Information</title>" ]
[ "<p>The authors thank Dr. Arho Virkki for modifying the R-code of the decomposition method for the purposes of the present study and Dr. Milla Kibble for the language review of the manuscript.</p>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"pone-0003284-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003284.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Dynamic behavior of the sequential procedure as a function of mutation pairs.</title><p>(A) The mean absolute error between the measured single-mutant ...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"pone-0003284-t001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003284.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Distribution characteristics for the measured and estimated deviations.</title></caption><alternatives><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><...
[ "<disp-formula><label>(1)</label></disp-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<disp-formula><label>(2)</label></disp-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formul...
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[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pone.0003284.s001\"><label>Figure S1</label><caption><p>Estimated vs. measured single-mutant fitness values. The comparison is shown both as histogram and scatter-plot. The two fitness values were highly correlated (Pearson correlation equals 0.952 and the o...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"nt101\"><p>The rows correspond to distributions of the estimated deviations with different sizes of subsets of those gene pairs used in the approximation process (see ##FIG##3##Figure 4##). The distribution of the measured deviations <italic>ε<sub>ij</sub></italic> is used as a reference...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003284.e001.jpg\" mimetype=\"image\" position=\"float\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003284.e002.jpg\" mimetype=\"image\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003284.e003.jpg\" mimetype=\"image\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003284.e004.jpg\" mimetype=\"image\" p...
[ "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003284.s001.pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003284.s002.pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003284.s003.pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for addi...
[{"label": ["13"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Pan", "Yuan", "Ooi", "Wang", "Sookhai-Mahadeo"], "given-names": ["X", "DS", "SL", "X", "S"], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["dSLAM analysis of genome-wide genetic interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."], "source": ["Methods"], "volume": ["41"], "fpage": ["206"], "lpage": ["221"]}, {"label": ["15"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Axler"], "given-names": ["S"], "year": ["1997"], "source": ["Linear Algebra Done Right. Second Edition"], "publisher-loc": ["New York"], "publisher-name": ["Springer-Verlag"]}, {"label": ["16"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["De Leeuw"], "given-names": ["J"], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["A Decomposition Method for Weighted Least Squares Low-rank Approximation of Symmetric Matrices. Department of Statistics Papers, Paper 2006041602."], "comment": ["Available: "], "ext-link": ["http://repositories.cdlib.org/uclastat/papers/2006041602"]}, {"label": ["17"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Pudil", "Novovi\u010dov\u00e1", "Kittler"], "given-names": ["P", "J", "J"], "year": ["1994"], "article-title": ["Floating search methods in feature selection."], "source": ["Pattern Recognition Lett"], "volume": ["15"], "fpage": ["1119"], "lpage": ["1125"]}, {"label": ["29"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Ye", "Peyser", "Pan", "Boeke", "Spencer", "Bader"], "given-names": ["P", "BD", "X", "JD", "FA", "JS"], "year": ["2005"], "article-title": ["Gene function prediction from congruent synthetic lethal interactions in yeast."], "source": ["Mol Syst Biol"], "volume": ["1"], "fpage": ["26"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
30
CC BY
no
2022-01-13 07:14:35
PLoS One. 2008 Sep 26; 3(9):e3284
oa_package/81/e0/PMC2538561.tar.gz
PMC2538562
18818763
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Interest in global health research and training is rapidly increasing, especially among medical students. ##REF##17327707##[1]## As more U.S. medical centers strive to provide international research and clinical experiences, the requirement for certified international institutio...
[ "<title>Materials and Methods</title>", "<title>The Training Model</title>", "<p>The US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Peru (NMRCD-Peru) is one of five overseas US military infectious diseases laboratories and the only one located in the Americas. The central geographic location in Peru has made it an...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>A total of 927 (258 of whom were IRB members) from 12 different countries in the Americas participated in training courses between 2004 and 2007 (##FIG##1##Figure 2##). Of the 927 participants, 836 were Peruvian and 510 of these were Peruvian MoH staff. Forty-nine percent (49%) of th...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The developing world needs both, bioethics training and IRB capacity reinforcement to ensure research conducted in each country is compliant with international standards, while at the same time, sensitive to the needs of the local populations. Our collaborative bioethics conferenc...
[]
[ "<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: RL AGL. Performed the experiments: RL ZM RL JRZ. Analyzed the data: RL DLB ZM RL GM AGL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DLB SMMT CN ER RL GM JRZ. Wrote the paper: RL DLB GM AGL JRZ.</p>", "<p>With the rapidly increasing number of health care professional...
[]
[ "<p>Disclaimer:</p>", "<p>The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government.</p>", "<p>Copyright statement</p>", "<p>Some of the authors are military service m...
[ "<fig id=\"pone-0003274-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003274.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Types of training events held in Peru, 2004–2007.</title></caption></fig>", "<fig id=\"pone-0003274-g002\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=...
[]
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[]
[]
[]
[ "<fn-group><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type=\"financial-disclosure\"><p><bold>Funding: </bold>This work was partially supported by work unit number No. 847705 82000 25GB B0016 and by Grants number R21N...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003274.g001\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003274.g002\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003274.g003\"/>" ]
[]
[{"label": ["2"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "collab": ["WEMOS 2007."], "year": ["2007"], "article-title": ["A bitter pill. The risk of carrying out clinical trials in the developing world."], "comment": ["Available: "], "ext-link": ["http://www.wemos.nl"]}, {"label": ["3"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "collab": ["Nuffield Council on Bioethics"], "year": ["2005"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
3
CC0
no
2022-01-13 07:14:35
PLoS One. 2008 Sep 26; 3(9):e3274
oa_package/03/26/PMC2538562.tar.gz
PMC2538567
18818764
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>\n<italic>Campylobacter</italic> is the most commonly identified cause of bacterial gastro-enteritis in the developed world ##UREF##0##[1]##,##REF##9396710##[2]##,##REF##15757549##[3]##. Infection can lead to serious sequelae such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthriti...
[ "<title>Materials and Methods</title>", "<title>Human Isolates</title>", "<p>Stool samples were collected from 1,549 patients diagnosed with campylobacteriosis and notified through general practitioners and hospitals to the Preston Microbiology Services Laboratory in the Preston postcode district between Januar...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Diversity and Differentiation in <italic>C. jejuni</italic> Populations</title>", "<p>We observed 256 distinct genotypes (or sequence types, STs) in the 1,231 human isolates. The frequency of genotypes was highly skewed, with 20% of STs accounting for 80% of cases. The two most...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Our results show that livestock are the principal source of <italic>C. jejuni</italic> infection in Lancashire, England. The vast majority of those human infections can be attributed to populations of <italic>C. jejuni</italic> found in chicken and cattle. These findings immediate...
[]
[ "<p><bold>¤a:</bold> Current address: Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</p>", "<p><bold>¤b:</bold> Current address: Université d'Avignon, IUT STID, Site Agroparc, Avignon, France</p>", "<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: JC SG EB AF CAH. Per...
[ "<title>Supporting Information</title>" ]
[ "<p>We would like to thank Bev Abram, Daniel Falush, Nigel French, Bill Hanage, Martin Maiden, Noel McCarthy, Gil McVean, Jonathan Pritchard, Sam Sheppard and Brian Spratt for useful advice and stimulating discussion on various aspects of this work.</p>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"pgen-1000203-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pgen.1000203.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Estimated proportion of human cases attributable to animal and environmental sources.</title><p>Error bars indicate the 95% credible interval for each ...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"pgen-1000203-t001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pgen.1000203.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Genetic differentiation within and between groups.</title></caption><alternatives><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><colgroup span=\"1\"><...
[ "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inlin...
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pgen.1000203.s001\"><label>Figure S1</label><caption><p>Migration and mutation probabilities in the animal and environmental samples. For each <italic>C. jejuni</italic> reservoir, the pie chart shows the predictive probability that a newly-sampled allele is...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"nt101\"><p>Total genetic differentiation between isolates from two different groups, Φ<italic><sub>ST</sub></italic>, equals approximately 1−(1−Φ<italic><sub>SG</sub></italic>)(1−Φ<italic><sub>GT</sub></italic>) where Φ<italic><sub>SG</sub></italic> represents an average for the two group...
[ "<graphic id=\"pgen-1000203-t001-1\" xlink:href=\"pgen.1000203.t001\"/>", "<graphic id=\"pgen-1000203-t002-2\" xlink:href=\"pgen.1000203.t002\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pgen.1000203.g001\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pgen.1000203.g002\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"pgen.1000203.e001.jpg\" mimetype=\"i...
[ "<media xlink:href=\"pgen.1000203.s001.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pgen.1000203.s002.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pgen.1000203.s003.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for addi...
[{"label": ["1"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Miller", "Mandrell", "Ketley", "Konkel"], "given-names": ["WG", "RE", "JM", "ME"], "year": ["2005"], "source": ["Campylobacter: Molecular and Cellular Biology."], "publisher-name": ["Horizon Bioscience"], "fpage": ["101"], "lpage": ["163"]}, {"label": ["7"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["K\u00e4renlampi", "Rautelin", "Sch\u00f6nberg-Norio", "Paulin", "H\u00e4nninen"], "given-names": ["R", "H", "D", "L", "M-L"], "year": ["2007"], "article-title": ["Longitudinal study of Finnish Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolates from humans, using multilocus sequence typing, including comparison with epidemiological data and isolates from poultry and cattle."], "source": ["Appl Environ Microb"], "volume": ["73"], "fpage": ["148"], "lpage": ["155"]}, {"label": ["8"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Jones"], "given-names": ["K"], "year": ["2001"], "article-title": ["Campylobacters in water, sewage and the environment."], "source": ["J Appl Microbiol"], "volume": ["90"], "fpage": ["68S"], "lpage": ["79S"]}, {"label": ["14"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Louis", "Gillespie", "O'Brien", "Russek-Cohen", "Pearson"], "given-names": ["VR", "IA", "SJ", "E", "AD"], "year": ["2005"], "article-title": ["Temperature-driven Campylobacter seasonality in England and Wales."], "source": ["Appl Environ Microb"], "volume": ["71"], "fpage": ["85"], "lpage": ["92"]}, {"label": ["16"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Colles", "Jones", "Harding", "Maiden"], "given-names": ["FM", "K", "RM", "MCJ"], "year": ["2003"], "article-title": ["Genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from farm animals and the farm environment."], "source": ["Appl Environ Microb"], "volume": ["69"], "fpage": ["7409"], "lpage": ["7413"]}, {"label": ["18"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Champion", "Gaunt", "Gundogdu", "Elmi", "Witney"], "given-names": ["OL", "MW", "O", "A", "AA"], "year": ["2005"], "article-title": ["Comparative phylogenomics of the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni reveals genetic markers predictive of infection source."], "source": ["P Natl Acad Sci U S A"], "volume": ["102"], "fpage": ["16043"], "lpage": ["16048"]}, {"label": ["22"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Bull", "Allen", "Domingue", "J\u00f8rgensen", "Frost"], "given-names": ["SA", "VM", "G", "F", "JA"], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["Sources of Campylobacter spp. colonizing housed broiler flocks during rearing."], "source": ["Appl Environ Microb"], "volume": ["72"], "fpage": ["645"], "lpage": ["652"]}, {"label": ["32"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "collab": ["Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food"], "year": ["2005"], "source": ["Second Report on Campylobacter. Food Standards Agency"], "publisher-loc": ["London"], "publisher-name": ["HMSO"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
41
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 23:38:08
PLoS Genet. 2008 Sep 26; 4(9):e1000203
oa_package/83/99/PMC2538567.tar.gz
PMC2538568
18820725
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the primary mode of infection in children. In year 2007, an estimated 420.000 new infections occurred in children aged less than 15 years, most living in Sub-Saharan Africa ##UREF##0##[1]##.</p...
[ "<title>Materials and Methods</title>", "<title>Patients and virus isolation</title>", "<p>Our study population included a total of 59 HIV-1 seropositive women (24 transmitting and 35 non transmitting) and 28 infected children. Viral isolates from mother-child pairs were available in 21 cases. Additional seven ...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>HIV-1 with R5<sup>broad</sup> phenotype can be transmitted</title>", "<p>Virus isolates obtained close to birth from 28 newborns were analyzed for phenotypic variability in a cell line expressing wild type or chimeric chemokine receptors. CXCR4 using virus was isolated from one...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Biological characteristics of HIV-1 that are critical for the risk of MTCT continue to be subject to discussion. R5 is the predominant virus phenotype early in HIV-1 infection, both in adults and in children born to HIV-1-infected mothers. Since tools to test the mode of CCR5 use ...
[]
[ "<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: GS. Performed the experiments: MC IK. Analyzed the data: MC GS. Wrote the paper: MC EMF ADR GS. Performed testing with the U87 cell lines of some of the children early isolates and contributed with her expertise on the U87 cell lines expressing chimeric receptors: IK. Per...
[]
[ "<p>The samples were provided by the National Care System for HIV-1 infected mothers, the Seventh Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and the First and Fourth Department of Pediatrics of the University of Milan, Italy and by the AIDS Reference Center, Unit of Viral Oncology, University of Padova, Italy. The au...
[ "<fig id=\"pone-0003292-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003292.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Schematic representation of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 and the chimeric CCR5/CXCR4 receptors.</title><p>Chimeric receptors FC-1, FC-2, FC-4...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"pone-0003292-t001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003292.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Clinical and viral characteristics of HIV-1 infected children<xref ref-type=\"table-fn\" rid=\"nt101\">(a)</xref>.</title></caption><alternatives...
[]
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[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"nt101\"><label>(a)</label><p>symbol - means that the event has not occurred. n.a. = not available. Mos means months of age. Age of appearance of the different conditions is always indicated in months.</p></fn><fn id=\"nt102\"><label>(b)</label><p>Narrow and broad refer to viruses with R5 ...
[ "<graphic id=\"pone-0003292-t001-1\" xlink:href=\"pone.0003292.t001\"/>", "<graphic id=\"pone-0003292-t002-2\" xlink:href=\"pone.0003292.t002\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003292.g001\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003292.g002\"/>" ]
[]
[{"label": ["1"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "collab": ["UNAIDS"], "year": ["2007"], "source": ["Report on the global AIDS epidemic"], "publisher-loc": ["Geneve"], "publisher-name": ["UNAIDS"]}, {"label": ["12"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Ometto", "Zanchetta", "Cabrelle", "Esposito", "Mainardi"], "given-names": ["L", "M", "A", "G", "M"], "year": ["1999"], "article-title": ["Restriction of HIV type 1 infection in macrophages heterozygous for a deletion in the CC-chemokine receptor 5 gene."], "source": ["AIDS Res Hum Retrov"], "volume": ["15"], "fpage": ["1441"], "lpage": ["1452"]}, {"label": ["20"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "collab": ["Control CfD"], "year": ["1993"], "article-title": ["1993 Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults."], "source": ["Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep"], "volume": ["41"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage": ["18"]}, {"label": ["21"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "collab": ["Control CfD"], "year": ["1994"], "article-title": ["1994 Revised classification system for human immunodeficiency virus infection in children less than 13 years of age."], "source": ["Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep"], "volume": ["43"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage": ["10"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
34
CC BY
no
2022-01-13 07:14:35
PLoS One. 2008 Sep 29; 3(9):e3292
oa_package/7d/a3/PMC2538568.tar.gz
PMC2538569
18846200
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Genomewide proteomics studies, primarily yeast two-hybrid assays ##REF##10688190##[1]##,##REF##11283351##[2]## and high-throughput mass spectrometry ##REF##11805826##[3]##,##REF##11805837##[4]##, provide a growing list of putative protein–protein interactions, and demonstrate th...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Protein Docking Benchmark</title>", "<p>The SDU1 and SDU2 algorithms were tested on complexes from the protein docking benchmark sets ##REF##12784372##[38]##,##REF##15981264##[39]##. These sets contain enzyme–inhibitor, antigen–antibody, and “other” types of complexes. As descr...
[ "<title>Results/Discussion</title>", "<title>Development of SDU-Based Docking Algorithms</title>", "<p>To define the docking problem we fix the position and orientation of the first (receptor) protein. The six-dimensional vector <bold>x</bold> specifies the position and orientation of the second (ligand) protei...
[ "<title>Results/Discussion</title>", "<title>Development of SDU-Based Docking Algorithms</title>", "<p>To define the docking problem we fix the position and orientation of the first (receptor) protein. The six-dimensional vector <bold>x</bold> specifies the position and orientation of the second (ligand) protei...
[ "<title>Conclusions</title>", "<p>The successful application of the Semi-Definite programming-based Underestimation (SDU) search algorithm to protein–protein docking further validates the assumption that the free energy landscape of the complex is a funnel in some neighborhood of the native state. However, the di...
[ "<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: YS ICP PV SV. Performed the experiments: YS. Analyzed the data: YS. Wrote the paper: YS ICP PV SV.</p>", "<p>Similarly to protein folding, the association of two proteins is driven by a free energy funnel, determined by favorable interactions in some neighborhood of the...
[]
[]
[ "<fig id=\"pcbi-1000191-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000191.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Funnel-like function and underestimator at a set of local minima indicated by small squares.</title></caption></fig>", "<fig id=\"pcbi-1000191-g002\"...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"pcbi-1000191-t001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000191.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Docking and refinement results.</title></caption><alternatives><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><colgroup span=\"1\"><col align=\"left\" ...
[ "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<in...
[]
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[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"nt101\"><label>a</label><p>PDB codes for the bound-unbound docking problems are shown in italics. All others are unbound-unbound cases.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot>", "<fn-group><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-ty...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"pcbi.1000191.g001\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"pcbi.1000191.e001.jpg\" mimetype=\"image\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"pcbi.1000191.e002.jpg\" mimetype=\"image\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"pcbi.1000191.e003.jpg\" mimetype=\"image\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"...
[]
[{"label": ["9"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Tsai", "Kumar", "Ma", "Nussinov"], "given-names": ["CJ", "S", "B", "R"], "year": ["1999"], "article-title": ["Folding funnels, binding funnels, and protein function."], "source": ["Protein Sci"], "volume": ["8"], "fpage": ["1981"], "lpage": ["1990"]}, {"label": ["26"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Phillips", "Rosen", "Dill", "Migdalas", "Pardalos", "Varbrand"], "given-names": ["AT", "JB", "KA", "A", "PM", "P"], "year": ["2001"], "article-title": ["Convex global underestimation for molecular structure prediction."], "source": ["From Local to Global Optimization."], "publisher-loc": ["Boston (Massachusetts)"], "publisher-name": ["Kluwer Academic Publishers"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage": ["18"]}, {"label": ["28"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Mitchell", "Rosen", "Phillips", "Ten Eyck"], "given-names": ["JC", "JB", "AT", "LF"], "year": ["1999"], "article-title": ["Coupled optimization in protein docking."], "fpage": ["280"], "lpage": ["284"], "comment": ["In: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual International Conference on Computational Molecular Biology. Lyon, France"]}, {"label": ["31"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Paschalidis", "Shen", "Vajda", "Vakili"], "given-names": ["IC", "Y", "S", "P"], "year": ["2005"], "article-title": ["A semi-definite programming-based underestimation method for global optimization in molecular docking."], "fpage": ["3675"], "lpage": ["3680"], "comment": ["In: Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Descision and Control. Seville, Spain"]}, {"label": ["33"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Gwak", "Kim", "Park"], "given-names": ["S", "J", "FC"], "year": ["2003"], "article-title": ["Numerical optimization on the Euclidean group with applications to camera calibration."], "source": ["IEEE Trans Robot Autom"], "volume": ["19"], "fpage": ["65"], "lpage": ["74"]}, {"label": ["34"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Paschalidis", "Shen", "Vakili", "Vajda"], "given-names": ["IC", "Y", "P", "S"], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["Protein\u2013protein docking with reduced potentials by exploiting multi-dimensional energy funnels."], "fpage": ["5330"], "lpage": ["5333"], "comment": ["In: Proceedings of the 28"], "sup": ["th"]}, {"label": ["35"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Park", "Ravani"], "given-names": ["FC", "B"], "year": ["1997"], "article-title": ["Smooth invariant interpolation of rotations."], "source": ["ACM Trans Graph"], "volume": ["16"], "fpage": ["277"], "lpage": ["295"]}, {"label": ["36"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Park"], "given-names": ["FC"], "year": ["1995"], "article-title": ["Distance metrics on the rigid-body motions with applications to mechanism design."], "source": ["J Mech Des"], "volume": ["117"], "fpage": ["48"], "lpage": ["54"]}, {"label": ["44"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Marcia", "Mitchell", "Wright"], "given-names": ["RF", "JC", "SJ"], "year": ["2007"], "article-title": ["Global optimization in protein docking us-ing convex underestimation and semidefinite programming."], "source": ["Optim Methods Softw"], "volume": ["22"], "fpage": ["803"], "lpage": ["811"]}, {"label": ["46"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Boyd", "Vandenberghe"], "given-names": ["S", "L"], "year": ["2003"], "source": ["Convex Optimization"], "publisher-loc": ["Cambridge, UK"], "publisher-name": ["Cambridge University Press"]}, {"label": ["47"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Sturm"], "given-names": ["JF"], "year": ["1999"], "article-title": ["Using SeDuMi 1.02, a MATLAB toolbox for optimization over symmet-ric cones."], "source": ["Optim Methods Softw"], "volume": ["11\u201312"], "fpage": ["625"], "lpage": ["653"], "comment": ["Special issue on Interior Point Methods (CD supplement with software)"]}, {"label": ["48"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Fujisawa", "Kojima", "Nakata", "Yamashita"], "given-names": ["K", "M", "K", "M"], "year": ["2002"], "article-title": ["SDPA (SemiDefinite Programming Algorithm) User's Manual Version 6.00. Department of Mathematical and Com-puting Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology."], "comment": ["Research Reports on Mathematical and Computing Sciences Series B : Operations Research"]}, {"label": ["50"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Miyazawa", "Jernigan"], "given-names": ["S", "RL"], "year": ["1985"], "article-title": ["Estimation of effective interresidue contact energies from protein crystal structures: quasi-chemical approximation."], "source": ["Macromolecules"], "volume": ["18"], "fpage": ["534"], "lpage": ["552"]}, {"label": ["51"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Brooks", "Bruccoleri", "Olafson", "States", "Swaminathan"], "given-names": ["BR", "RE", "BD", "DJ", "S"], "year": ["1983"], "article-title": ["CHARMM: a program for macromolecular energy, minimization, and dynamics calculations."], "source": ["J Comput Chem"], "volume": ["4"], "fpage": ["187"], "lpage": ["217"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
51
CC BY
no
2022-01-13 00:54:34
PLoS Comput Biol. 2008 Oct 10; 4(10):e1000191
oa_package/3d/f4/PMC2538569.tar.gz
PMC2538570
18820726
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Actin polymerization at the plasma membrane results in the formation of cellular protrusions known as lamellipodia or filopodia, which mediate cell migration ##REF##9013669##[1]##–##REF##15306794##[3]##. The distinct organization and generation of filaments in each structure use...
[ "<title>Materials and Methods</title>", "<title>Protein purification</title>", "<p>Actin was purified from rabbit skeletal muscle acetone powder ##REF##4254541##[33]##. Recombinant WASp-VCA ##REF##12015607##[26]## and fascin (recombinant fascin was prepared by a modification of the method of ##REF##8999969##[34...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>The first part of this section describes the three types of structures, i.e., asters, stars and network of bundles (a phase of actin-fascin bundles) that were experimentally observed and the transition between them. We also present a phase diagram of the system to illustrate the regi...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>In this work we studied in detail the steady state structures formed in a simple <italic>in vitro</italic> system, in which Arp2/3 complex and fascin compete on their binding to actin filaments. Varying mixtures of actin, Arp2/3, and fascin were analyzed in order to elucidate thei...
[]
[ "<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: LH ABS AB. Performed the experiments: YI YBK. Analyzed the data: YI YBK. Wrote the paper: YBK ABS AB.</p>", "<p>During cellular migration, regulated actin assembly takes place at the cell leading edge, with continuous disassembly deeper in the cell interior. Actin polym...
[ "<title>Supporting Information</title>" ]
[ "<p>We would like to thank Nir Gov for useful discussions.</p>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"pone-0003297-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003297.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Phase transition as a function of fascin concentration.</title><p>Conditions are 7 µM G-actin, 6.25 nM Arp2/3, and 12.5 nM GST-VCA. Fascin concentratio...
[]
[ "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>" ]
[]
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pone.0003297.s001\"><label>Appendix S1</label><caption><p>(0.38 MB DOC)</p></caption></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pone.0003297.s002\"><label>Figure S1</label><caption><p>Conditions are: 7 µM G-actin,...
[ "<fn-group><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type=\"financial-disclosure\"><p><bold>Funding: </bold>A.B.G. wishes to thank the Joseph and May Winston Foundation Career Development Chair in Chemical Engineeri...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003297.g001\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003297.g002\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003297.g003\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003297.g004\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003297.e001.jpg\" mimetype=\"image\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"pone.000329...
[ "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003297.s001.doc\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003297.s002.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"label": ["31"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Haviv", "Gov", "Ideses", "Bernheim-Groswasser"], "given-names": ["L", "N", "Y", "A"], "year": ["2007"], "article-title": ["Thickness distribution of actin bundles in vitro."], "source": ["Eur Biophys J "], "comment": ["10.1007/s00249-007-0236-1"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
34
CC BY
no
2022-01-13 07:14:35
PLoS One. 2008 Sep 29; 3(9):e3297
oa_package/52/19/PMC2538570.tar.gz
PMC2538571
18818765
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Many studies have demonstrated large differences between males and females in the forces of evolution, i.e., mutation, recombination, selection, gene flow, and genetic drift. For example, mutation rates are often higher in males while females tend to have higher rates of recombi...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Population Samples and Genomic Regions Sequenced</title>", "<p>The DNA samples used in this study come from the CEPH Human Genome Diversity Panel ##REF##11954565##[41]##, the YCC collection ##REF##11827954##[42]##, and established collections in the Hammer lab (see ##REF##18493...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>We analyze a total of ∼210 kb of DNA sequence representing 40 loci from the X chromosome and autosomes from each of 90 humans and three great apes, or a total of ∼18.9 Mb ##REF##18493019##[14]##. ##TAB##0##Table 1## provides basic summary statistics for nucleotide diversity in six hu...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Our findings of high levels of diversity on the X chromosome relative to the autosomes are in marked contrast to results of previous studies in a wide range of species including humans ##REF##12082133##[15]##,##REF##17971168##[16]##, house mice ##REF##17287527##[17]##, flycatcher ...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>A number of evolutionary forces may be responsible for increasing the effective population size of X-linked versus autosomal loci. Under reasonable parameters for human populations, our results suggest that background selection, changes in population size, and sex-specific migrati...
[ "<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: MFH JDW. Performed the experiments: MPC AEW. Analyzed the data: MFH FLM MPC AEW JDW. Wrote the paper: MFH FLM JDW.</p>", "<p>Comparisons of levels of variability on the autosomes and X chromosome can be used to test hypotheses about factors influencing patterns of genom...
[ "<title>Supporting Information</title>" ]
[ "<p>We thank Olga Savina for excellent computational support. We also thank Ryan Sprissler and Laurel Johnstone of the Genomic Analysis and Technology Core at the University of Arizona for aid in development of the DNA sequencing pipeline, and John D. Morelli, Brittany Tamarkin, and Kimiko Della Croce for their ded...
[ "<fig id=\"pgen-1000202-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pgen.1000202.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Loci under study.</title><p>(A) Approximate chromosomal positions of 20 autosomal and 20 X-linked loci (red horizontal line). Each region encompasses ∼...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"pgen-1000202-t001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pgen.1000202.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Summaries of nucleotide diversity<xref ref-type=\"table-fn\" rid=\"nt101\">a</xref> and divergence.</title></caption><alternatives><table frame=\...
[ "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<disp-formula><label>(1)</label></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pgen.1000202.s001\"><label>Figure S1</label><caption><p>Predicted ratio of X chromosome to autosome diversity for two bottleneck models.</p><p>(0.28 MB DOC)</p></caption></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"nt101\"><label>a</label><p>Mean nucleotide diversity for 20 autosomal and 20 X-linked loci.</p></fn><fn id=\"nt102\"><label>b</label><p>Mean number of alleles sequenced per locus per population.</p></fn><fn id=\"nt103\"><label>c</label><p>D = human-orangutan sequence divergence.</p></fn><...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"pgen.1000202.g001\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pgen.1000202.g002\"/>", "<graphic id=\"pgen-1000202-t001-1\" xlink:href=\"pgen.1000202.t001\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"pgen.1000202.e001.jpg\" mimetype=\"image\"/>", "<graphic id=\"pgen-1000202-t002-2\" xlink:href=\"pgen.1000202....
[ "<media xlink:href=\"pgen.1000202.s001.doc\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pgen.1000202.s002.doc\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pgen.1000202.s003.doc\"><caption><p>Click here for addi...
[{"label": ["2"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Petit", "Balloux", "Excoffier"], "given-names": ["E", "F", "L"], "year": ["2002"], "article-title": ["Mammalian population genetics: why not Y?"], "source": ["Trends Ecol Evol"], "volume": ["17"], "fpage": ["28"], "lpage": ["33"]}, {"label": ["4"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Wilder", "Kingan", "Mobasher", "Pilkington", "Hammer"], "given-names": ["JA", "SB", "Z", "MM", "MF"], "year": ["2004"], "article-title": ["Global patterns of human mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome structure are not influenced by higher migration rates of females versus males (vol 36, pg 1122, 2004)."], "source": ["Nat Genet"], "volume": ["36"], "fpage": ["1238"], "lpage": ["1238"]}, {"label": ["8"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Hartl", "Clark"], "given-names": ["DL", "AG"], "year": ["1997"], "source": ["Principles of Population Genetics"], "publisher-loc": ["Sunderland, MA"], "publisher-name": ["Sinauer Associates Inc"]}, {"label": ["11"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Aquadro", "Begun", "Kindahl", "Golding"], "given-names": ["C", "D", "E", "B"], "year": ["1994"], "article-title": ["Selection, recombination and DNA polymorphism in Drosophila."], "source": ["Non-Neutral Evolution: Theories and Molecular Data"], "publisher-loc": ["New York"], "publisher-name": ["Chapman and Hall"], "fpage": ["46"], "lpage": ["56"]}, {"label": ["27"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Charlesworth", "Coyne", "Barton"], "given-names": ["B", "JA", "NH"], "year": ["1987"], "article-title": ["The Relative Rates of Evolution of Sex-Chromosomes and Autosomes."], "source": ["Am Nat"], "volume": ["130"], "fpage": ["113"], "lpage": ["146"]}, {"label": ["29"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Hudson", "Kaplan", "Golding"], "given-names": ["RR", "NL", "GB"], "year": ["1994"], "article-title": ["Gene trees with background selection."], "source": ["Non-neutral evolution: theories and molecular data"], "publisher-loc": ["New York"], "publisher-name": ["Chapman & Hill"], "fpage": ["140"], "lpage": ["153"]}, {"label": ["35"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Low"], "given-names": ["B"], "year": ["1088"], "article-title": ["Measures of polygyny in humans."], "source": ["Curr Anthropol"], "volume": ["29"], "fpage": ["189"], "lpage": ["194"]}, {"label": ["36"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Murdock"], "given-names": ["GP"], "year": ["1981"], "source": ["Atlas of World Cultures"], "publisher-loc": ["Pittsburgh, PA"], "publisher-name": ["University of Pittsburgh Press"]}, {"label": ["40"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Low"], "given-names": ["B"], "year": ["1988"], "article-title": ["Measures of polygyny in humans."], "source": ["Curr Anthropol"], "volume": ["29"], "fpage": ["189"], "lpage": ["194"]}, {"label": ["45"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Jukes", "Cantor", "Munro"], "given-names": ["TH", "CR", "HN"], "year": ["1969"], "article-title": ["Evolution of protein molecules."], "source": ["Mammalian Protein Metabolism"], "publisher-loc": ["New York"], "publisher-name": ["Academic Press"], "fpage": ["21"], "lpage": ["132"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
46
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 23:38:08
PLoS Genet. 2008 Sep 26; 4(9):e1000202
oa_package/d4/dc/PMC2538571.tar.gz
PMC2538572
18846201
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>The regulation of gene activity is essential for the proper functioning of cells,\nwhich employ a variety of molecular mechanisms to control gene expression. Despite\nthis, there is considerable variation in the precise number and timing of protein\nmolecules that are produced f...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>The Standard Model of Gene Expression</title>", "<p>In the so called “standard model” of gene expression, ##FIG##0##Figure 1##, an inactive gene can\nbe activated by a promoter or transcription factor. This allows molecules of RNA\npolymerase to bind and produce mRNA. This in t...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>The Compound Protein Burst Size Distribution</title>", "<p>The distribution <italic>P</italic>(<italic>n</italic>) of the total number of\nproteins produced in a single burst is simply the compound distribution of\n<italic>R</italic> and <italic>Q</italic>\n##UREF##1##[17]##.\n...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>We have shown that it is possible to use results from queuing theory to derive the\nburst size distribution of protein molecules produced by a single transcription\nfactor binding event in terms of physically measurable kinetic rate constants for\nboth the simplest model of gene e...
[]
[ "<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: PJI MPHS JS. Wrote the paper: PJI JS.\nPerformed the analysis: PJI.</p>", "<p>Over the last few years, experimental data on the fluctuations in gene activity\nbetween individual cells and within the same cell over time have confirmed that\ngene expression is a “noisy” p...
[ "<title>Supporting Information</title>" ]
[]
[ "<fig id=\"pcbi-1000192-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000192.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>The standard gene expression model.</title><p>An inactive sequence of DNA and a transcription factor bind to produce an\nactive gene <italic>G</italic>...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"pcbi-1000192-t001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000192.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Means and standard deviations of estimates of the other\nparameters when the mRNA degradation rate\n<italic>β</italic>\n<sub>2</sub> set to\n7.2×...
[ "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<disp-formula><label>(1)</label></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula><label>(2)</label></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula><label>(3)</label></disp-formula>", "<disp-formul...
[]
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pcbi.1000192.s001\"><label>Text S1</label><caption><p>Derivation of probabilities.</p><p>(0.10 MB PDF)</p></caption></supplementary-material>" ]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"nt101\"><p>These statistics are based on those runs that approached the\nglobal maximum (73.4% of all runs). These were\nselected by imposing a threshold at\n<italic>L</italic> = −1350\nand only considering those runs converging to a larger (more\npositive) likelihood. All reaction rates ...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"pcbi.1000192.g001\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"pcbi.1000192.e001.jpg\" mimetype=\"image\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pcbi.1000192.e002.jpg\" mimetype=\"image\" position=\"float\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pcbi.1000192.e003.jpg\" mimetype=\"image\" position=\"float\"/>", "<grap...
[ "<media xlink:href=\"pcbi.1000192.s001.pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"label": ["11"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Paulsson"], "given-names": ["J"], "year": ["2005"], "article-title": ["Models of stochastic gene expression."], "source": ["Phys Life Rev"], "volume": ["2"], "fpage": ["157"], "lpage": ["175"]}, {"label": ["17"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Bailey"], "given-names": ["NTJ"], "year": ["1964"], "source": ["The Elements of Stochastic Processes"], "publisher-loc": ["New York"], "publisher-name": ["Wiley"]}, {"label": ["18"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Timmer", "Muller", "Swameye", "Sandra", "Klingmuller"], "given-names": ["J", "TG", "I", "O", "U"], "year": ["2004"], "article-title": ["Modelling the nonlinear dynamics of cellular signal transduction."], "source": ["Int J Bifurcat Chaos"], "volume": ["14"], "fpage": ["2069"], "lpage": ["2079"]}, {"label": ["19"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Sontag"], "given-names": ["ED"], "year": ["2002"], "article-title": ["For differential equations with r parameters, 2r+1\nexperiments are enough for identification."], "source": ["J Nonlinear Sci"], "volume": ["12"], "fpage": ["553"], "lpage": ["583"]}, {"label": ["20"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Gillespie"], "given-names": ["DT"], "year": ["1977"], "article-title": ["Exact stochastic simulation of coupled chemical reactions."], "source": ["J Phys Chem"], "volume": ["81"], "fpage": ["2340"], "lpage": ["2361"]}, {"label": ["24"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Nelder", "Mead"], "given-names": ["JA", "R"], "year": ["1965"], "article-title": ["A simplex method for function minimization."], "source": ["Comput J"], "volume": ["7"], "fpage": ["308"], "lpage": ["313"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
24
CC BY
no
2022-01-13 00:54:34
PLoS Comput Biol. 2008 Oct 10; 4(10):e1000192
oa_package/f4/fb/PMC2538572.tar.gz
PMC2538586
18818766
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>The neuropilin-1 (np1) and the neuropilin-2 (np2) receptors were originally characterized as receptors for axon guidance factors of the class-3 semaphorin (sema3) family ##REF##11796239##[1]##. It was subsequently realized that neuropilins are also expressed by endothelial cells...
[ "<title>Materials and Methods</title>", "<title>Materials</title>", "<p>Antibodies against β-actin and myc and FLAG epitope tags, as well as chemicals were from Sigma (St. Louis, MI). Media and sera for cell culture were from Biological-Industries Inc. (Kibbutz Beth-Haemek, Israel). Fugene-6 was from Roche Ltd ...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Expression patterns of class-3 semaphorins and class-3 semaphorin receptors in different tumorigenic cell lines</title>", "<p>Semaphorins may affect the development of tumors by directly affecting the behavior of tumor cells or indirectly by affecting angiogenesis or the behavi...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The identification of sema3B and sema3F as tumor suppressors ##REF##11717452##[13]##, ##REF##11980661##[14]##, ##REF##11809707##[38]##, and the identification of sema3F and sema3A as inhibitors of angiogenesis ##REF##14871832##[15]##, ##REF##18391935##[39]##, suggested that additi...
[]
[ "<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: BK AV GN. Performed the experiments: BK. Analyzed the data: BK AV OK GN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BK OK GN. Wrote the paper: BK OK GN.</p>", "<p>The class-3 semaphorins (sema3s) include seven family members. Six of them bind to neuropilin-1 (np1) o...
[ "<title>Supporting Information</title>" ]
[ "<p>We thank Dr. Gal Akiri and Dr. Stuart Aaronson (Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY) for their gift of the NSPI-CMV-myc-his lentiviral expression vector.</p>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"pone-0003287-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003287.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Expression of semaphorin receptors in different tumorigenic cell lines.</title><p>\n<underline>(A)</underline> Cells were grown to 80% confluence and l...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"pone-0003287-t001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003287.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Summary of the results.</title></caption><alternatives><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><colgroup span=\"1\"><col align=\"left\" span=\"1...
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pone.0003287.s001\"><label>Figure S1</label><caption><p>The endogenous expression levels of NP-1, NP-2 and PlexD1 in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 cells infected with lentiviruses directing the expression of different class-3 semaphorins. Cell lysates were prepa...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"nt101\"><p>The effects of the expression of the semaphorins in the four tumor cell lines on tumor development, tumor angiogenesis and on the anchorage free growth of the cells are summarized. The relative expression levels of the relevant semaphorin binding receptors in each of the cell l...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003287.g001\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003287.g002\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003287.g003\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003287.g004\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003287.g005\"/>", "<graphic id=\"pone-0003287-t001-1\" xlink:href=\"pone.0003287.t001\"/>...
[ "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003287.s001.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003287.s002.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003287.s003.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for addi...
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
47
CC BY
no
2022-01-13 07:14:35
PLoS One. 2008 Sep 26; 3(9):e3287
oa_package/a5/ca/PMC2538586.tar.gz
PMC2538587
18818767
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Natural killer (NK) cells express a variety of inhibitory receptors that recognize MHC class I molecules and block NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity ##REF##15771571##[1]##, ##REF##18439809##[2]##. In human NK cells, these receptors include the Killer cell Ig-like Receptor (KIR) fami...
[ "<title>Materials and Methods</title>", "<title>Cells and Abs</title>", "<p>Human NK cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors using an NK cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotech, Auburn, CA). NK cell purity was assessed by FACS and the cells were over 98% CD3<sup>−</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Detection of activating and inhibitory immune synapses between target cells and primary human NK cells</title>", "<p>We wished to study NK cell immune synapses in unmanipulated, polyclonal human NK cells in order to avoid complications or biases that may arise in the cloning of...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The clustering of receptors that occurs upon ligand binding at cell–cell contacts is usually an energy-dependent process, the basis of which is still poorly understood ##REF##10963677##[25]##. Inhibition of actin polymerization blocks the accumulation of receptors CD2 and 2B4 at N...
[]
[ "<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: NS EOL. Performed the experiments: NS MEM. Analyzed the data: NS MEM EOL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NS MEM. Wrote the paper: MEM EOL.</p>", "<p>Current address: Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Conception AP-HM, Marseille, France</p>", "<p>Natural...
[]
[]
[ "<fig id=\"pone-0003278-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003278.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Detection of inhibitory synapses using the cyt42/43 antiserum.</title><p>IL-2 activated polyclonal human NK cells were mixed with target cells for 10 m...
[]
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[]
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[]
[ "<fn-group><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type=\"financial-disclosure\"><p><bold>Funding: </bold>This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIAID, NIH. The funders had no role i...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003278.g001\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003278.g002\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003278.g003\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003278.g004\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003278.g005\"/>" ]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
30
CC0
no
2022-01-13 07:14:35
PLoS One. 2008 Sep 26; 3(9):e3278
oa_package/60/cf/PMC2538587.tar.gz
PMC2538588
18818768
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Gene expression is regulated through a complex series of events that coordinate the synthesis, processing and export, and in some instances, degradation of the mRNA. As the polymerase reaches the end of the gene, these events must coincide to produce a functional mRNA. The trans...
[ "<title>Materials and Methods</title>", "<title>Plasmids and Strains</title>", "<p>Plasmids pSBEThis7-<italic>NPL3</italic> and pSBEThis7-<italic>npl3-120</italic> were described previously ##REF##15902270##[11]##. For plasmids pSBEThis7-<italic>npl3-S411A,</italic> -<italic>npl3-S411D</italic>, and -<italic>np...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Npl3 affects the rate of transcription elongation</title>", "<p>Mutations in or near the second RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) of <italic>NPL3</italic> have been shown to enhance termination ##REF##15902270##[11]##. These same <italic>npl3</italic> alleles confer sensitivity to MP...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Termination of transcription is a critical mechanistic step in regulating gene expression, particularly for genes with multiple polyadenylation sites. Here we report that the SR/hnRNP protein Npl3 directly enhances the elongation rate of RNAP II. Although co-transcriptional recrui...
[]
[ "<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: MEB. Performed the experiments: JLD JV BO MEB. Analyzed the data: JLD JD JV MEB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JD JV SPG PJP ASP CM SB MEB. Wrote the paper: JLD MEB. ##FIG##1##Figures 2## &amp; ##FIG##3##4##: JLD. Oligo(dC)-tail template elongation assay:...
[ "<title>Supporting Information</title>" ]
[ "<p>We are grateful to D. Brow J. Manley, and B. Schwartz for comments. We thank M. Lund/C. Guthrie lab for yeast strain; L. Vasilieva, Bret Redwine, the Conaway lab, and S. Annis (HMS Biopolymers Facility) for technical advice; and K. Struhl and E. Harlow for their support.</p>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"pone-0003273-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003273.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Npl3 stimulates RNAP II elongation.</title><p>Oligo(dC)-tail templates were used in transcription reactions with or without 78 nM Npl3, as indicated. R...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"pone-0003273-t001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003273.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Npl3 phosphorylation sites.</title></caption><alternatives><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><colgroup span=\"1\"><col align=\"left\" span...
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[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pone.0003273.s001\"><label>Table S1</label><caption><p>Yeast strains used in this study.</p><p>(0.04 MB DOC)</p></caption></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pone.0003273.s002\"><label>Table S2</label><capt...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"nt101\"><p>Phosphorylation sites identified in Npl3.</p></fn><fn id=\"nt102\"><label>*</label><p>Highlighted residues where phosphorylation sites detected in both the endogenous and <italic>in vitro</italic> CK2 phosphorylated Npl3.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot>", "<fn-group><fn fn-type=\"...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003273.g001\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003273.g002\"/>", "<graphic id=\"pone-0003273-t001-1\" xlink:href=\"pone.0003273.t001\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003273.g003\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003273.g004\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003273.g005\"/>...
[ "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003273.s001.doc\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003273.s002.doc\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003273.s003.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for addi...
[{"label": ["12"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Bucheli", "He", "Kaplan", "Moore", "Buratowski"], "given-names": ["ME", "X", "CD", "CL", "S"], "year": ["2007"], "article-title": ["Polyadenylation site choice in yeast is affected by competition between Npl3 and polyadenylation factor CFI."], "source": ["Rna"]}, {"label": ["13"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Wong", "Qiu", "Hu", "Dong", "Hinnebusch"], "given-names": ["CM", "H", "C", "J", "AG"], "year": ["2007"], "article-title": ["Yeast cap binding complex (CBC) impedes recruitment of cleavage factor IA to weak termination sites."], "source": ["Mol Cell Biol"]}, {"label": ["32"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Lund", "Kress", "Guthrie"], "given-names": ["MK", "TL", "C"], "year": ["2008"], "article-title": ["Autoregulation of Npl3, a yeast SR protein, requires a novel downstream region and serine-phosphorylation."], "source": ["Mol Cell Biol"]}, {"label": ["43"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "collab": ["Affymetrix"], "year": ["2005"], "article-title": ["GeneChip\u00ae Whole Transcript (WT) Sense Target Labeling Assay Manual"]}, {"label": ["60"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "collab": ["Team RDC"], "year": ["2007"], "article-title": ["A language and environment for statistical computing."], "comment": ["R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
60
CC BY
no
2022-01-13 07:14:35
PLoS One. 2008 Sep 26; 3(9):e3273
oa_package/3c/35/PMC2538588.tar.gz
PMC2538605
18820727
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>As professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune-system, DCs are instrumental in the initiation of adaptive immunity by presenting antigen to T cells ##REF##15771591##[1]##. Immature DCs endocytose soluble molecules and particulate material from the surrounding medium via ...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Mice</title>", "<p>BALB/c (I-A<sup>d</sup>), C57BL/6J (I-A<sup>b</sup>), and congenic CD45.1-expressing BL6/SJL (C57BL/6) mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratory. Ova peptide<sup>323–339</sup>/I-A<sup>d</sup>-specific TCR-transgenic DO11.10 mice (KJ1.26<sup>+</sup>) were pr...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Quantum dot uptake by dendritic cells</title>", "<p>Murine DCs derived from bone marrow avidly endocytosed streptavidin-conjugated or unconjugated QDs during imaging <italic>in vitro</italic> at 37°C. QDs differing in size from 15–20 nm were taken up at approximately the same r...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Our results demonstrate the utility of QDs for functional immuno-imaging of DCs and concomitant priming of T cell responses <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic>. DCs were shown preferentially to acquire QDs by endocytosis; single-vesicle dynamics were tracked ins...
[]
[ "<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: DS MDC. Performed the experiments: DS. Analyzed the data: DS. Wrote the paper: DS MDC. Electron microscopy: TJD. Supervised electron microscopy: MHE. Supervised two-photon imaging: IP.</p>", "<p>Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in initiating adaptive immune respons...
[ "<title>Supporting Information</title>" ]
[ "<p>We thank Luette Forest for care and breeding of the DO11.10 mouse strain and for assistance in cell culture, Kym Garrod for valuable discussion and assistance in flow cytometry, Sindy Wei and Melanie Matheu for assistance in two-photon imaging. We also wish to thank Dr. Ed Nelson and Bali Pulendran for helpful ...
[ "<fig id=\"pone-0003290-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003290.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>DCs avidly endocytose QDs.</title><p>(A) Overlay of brightfield and fluorescent images showing endocytosed QD-655 (red) within DCs with dendritic proce...
[]
[ "<disp-formula><label>(1)</label></disp-formula>" ]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pone.0003290.s001\"><label>Methods S1</label><caption><p>Equipment and Settings, Calculation of T cell activation index (AI)</p><p>(0.07 MB DOC)</p></caption></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pone.0003290...
[ "<fn-group><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type=\"financial-disclosure\"><p><bold>Funding: </bold>This research was supported by the Graduate Research and Education in Adaptive bioTechnology (GREAT) Traini...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003290.g001\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003290.g002\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003290.g003\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003290.g004\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003290.g005\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003290.g006\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\...
[ "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003290.s001.doc\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003290.s002.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003290.s003.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for addi...
[{"label": ["7"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Cahalan", "Parker"], "given-names": ["MD", "I"], "year": ["2008"], "article-title": ["Choreography of Cell Motility and Interaction Dynamics Imaged by Two-Photon Microscopy in Lymphoid Organs."], "source": ["Annu Rev Immunol"]}, {"label": ["14"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Alivisatos"], "given-names": ["AP"], "year": ["1996"], "article-title": ["Semiconductor clusters, nanocrystals and quantum dots."], "source": ["Science"], "volume": ["271"], "fpage": ["933"], "lpage": ["937"]}, {"label": ["35"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Manolova", "Flace", "Bauer", "Schwarz", "Saudan"], "given-names": ["V", "A", "M", "K", "P"], "year": ["2008"], "article-title": ["Nanoparticles target distinct dendritic cell populations according to their size."], "source": ["Eur J Immunol"]}, {"label": ["36"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Peek", "Middaugh", "Berkland"], "given-names": ["LJ", "CR", "C"], "year": ["2008"], "article-title": ["Nanotechnology in vaccine delivery."], "source": ["Adv Drug Deliv Rev"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
41
CC BY
no
2022-01-13 07:14:35
PLoS One. 2008 Sep 29; 3(9):e3290
oa_package/ca/ac/PMC2538605.tar.gz
PMC2538748
19238628
[]
[ "<title>Patients and methods</title>", "<title>Eligibility criteria</title>", "<p>Patients aged &gt;18 years with histologically proven, locally advanced or metastatic carcinoma of the biliary tract (gallbladder, intrahepatic bile ducts, extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla of Vater) were enroled in the study. O...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Patient characteristics</title>", "<p>Between April 2003 and April 2005, 70 patients were enroled in the study, which was conducted in seven centres in France (2), Germany (2), Austria (1), Chile (1) and the United Kingdom (1). Patient and tumour characteristics at baseline are...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>This study is one among the largest of the phase II studies conducted to date to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of chemotherapy in patients with advanced BTCs. The majority of patients enroled in this study had metastatic disease. The GEMOX administered every 2 weeks was w...
[]
[ "<p>Advanced biliary tract carcinomas (BTCs) are often diagnosed at an advanced/metastatic stage and have a poor prognosis. The combination of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) has shown promising activity in this setting. This international phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of GEMOX as first-line ...
[ "<p>Biliary tract carcinomas (BTCs), comprising gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) and intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CC), are relatively rare in the United States and Europe (##REF##10536130##de Groen et al, 1999##). For example, approximately 5000 cases of GBC and 2000–3000 cases of CC are diagnosed annuall...
[ "<p>The study was sponsored by sanofi-aventis.</p>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Progression-free survival (<bold>A</bold>) for the intent-to-treat population (<italic>n</italic>=70) and the (<bold>B</bold>) subgroup analysis of patients with gallbladder (<italic>n</italic>=25) and non-gallbladder (<italic>n</italic>=45) tumours.</p></caption...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Patient and tumour characteristics at baseline (intent-to-treat population)</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"center\"/><col align=\"center\"/><col align=\"center\"/></colg...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t1-fn1\"><p>BTC=biliary tract carcinoma; ECOG PS=Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t2-fn1\"><p>CR=complete response; PD=progressive disease; PR=partial response; RECIST=Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tum...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604628f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604628f2\"/>" ]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Heinemann V ("], "year": ["2002"], "article-title": ["Gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer: a comparative analysis of randomized trials"], "source": ["Semin Oncol"], "volume": ["29"], "fpage": ["9"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Scheithauer W ("], "year": ["2002"], "article-title": ["Review of gemcitabine in biliary tract carcinoma"], "source": ["Semin Oncol"], "volume": ["29"], "fpage": ["40"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Valle JW, Wasan H, Johnson P, Bridgewater J, Maraveyas A, Jones E, Tunney V, Swindell R, on behalf of the ABC-01 study group ("], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["Gemcitabine, alone or in combination with cisplatin, in patients with advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and other biliary tract tumours: a multicentre, randomized, phase II (the UK ABC-01) study"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
23
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):862-867
oa_package/ac/eb/PMC2538748.tar.gz
PMC2538749
18781150
[]
[ "<title>Materials and Methods</title>", "<title>Patients, healthy blood donors, and breast cancer cell lines</title>", "<p>A total number of 136 consecutive, consenting breast cancer patients were included in the study. Operable patients (<italic>n</italic>=34) were admitted to the Mammazentrum at the Jerusalem...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Microarray analysis demonstrates strong CXCL13 overexpression in breast cancer tissue as compared with normal breast tissue</title>", "<p>Given the increasingly important role of chemokine/chemokine receptor interactions in the development and spreading of various malignancies,...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Besides our current report, there are very limited data on CXCL13 or CXCR5 expression in non-migratory cells, let alone in solid tumours. In one report, immunohistochemistry revealed CXCR5 expression in a significant proportion of human colon carcinoma specimens (##REF##15828050##...
[]
[ "<p>The abilities of chemokines in orchestrating cellular migration are utilised by different (patho-)biological networks including malignancies. However, except for CXCR4/CXCL12, little is known about the relation between tumour-related chemokine expression and the development and progression of solid tumours like...
[ "<p>Originally, chemokines (‘chemotactic cytokines’) and their receptors gained substantial scientific interest because of their central role in orchestrating immune responses by directing lymphocyte movement to the thymus, lymphoid tissues, and sites of inflammation (##REF##9459648##Luster, 1998##). Recent evidenc...
[ "<p>This work was supported by grants from the Erich und Gertrud Roggenbuck-Stiftung, Eppendorfer Krebs- und Leukämiehilfe eV, Deutsche Krebshilfe, and from the Cancer Research Institute (to DA).</p>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>CXCL13 is the most strongly overexpressed chemokine in breast cancer tissue as compared with normal breast tissue. Using a real-time PCR-based and pathway-focused microarray analysis on tissue samples from 10 patients whose tumours had been surgically removed, we...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients analysed for CXCL13/CXCR5 expression by real-time PCR</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"char\" char=\".\"/></c...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t1-fn1\"><p>A total of 34 patients with breast cancer were classified according to clinical features and pathological characteristics of their tumour samples. Assessment of T status and grading was only available for 33 patients, M status and classification into stages of the disease for ...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604621f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604621f2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604621f3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604621f4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604621f5\"/>" ]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
35
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):930-938
oa_package/7f/ba/PMC2538749.tar.gz
PMC2538750
18781154
[]
[ "<title>Materials and Methods</title>", "<title>Patients</title>", "<p>A total of 2088 <italic>BRCA1</italic> mutation carriers, 841 <italic>BRCA2</italic> mutation carriers and 3 carriers of mutations in both genes ascertained from eight centres participating in CIMBA were included in this study (##TAB##0##Tab...
[ "<title>Results and Discussion</title>", "<p>Genotype distributions and frequencies for the Ins16bp and Arg72Pro polymorphisms are shown in ##TAB##0##Table 1##. Allele frequencies were similar to those previously published (##REF##16419081##Osorio et al, 2006##), and genotype frequencies were consistent with HWE,...
[ "<title>Results and Discussion</title>", "<p>Genotype distributions and frequencies for the Ins16bp and Arg72Pro polymorphisms are shown in ##TAB##0##Table 1##. Allele frequencies were similar to those previously published (##REF##16419081##Osorio et al, 2006##), and genotype frequencies were consistent with HWE,...
[]
[ "<p>The close functional relationship between p53 and the breast cancer susceptibility genes <italic>BRCA1</italic> and <italic>BRCA2</italic> has promoted the investigation of various polymorphisms in the <italic>p53</italic> gene as possible risk modifiers in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Specifically, two polymorph...
[ "<p>Given the involvement of <italic>p53</italic> in cell cycle control, DNA repair and apoptosis, the role of this gene in cancer susceptibility has been extensively studied. Specifically, two polymorphisms in <italic>p53</italic>, c.97-147ins16bp and p.Arg72Pro have been analysed as putative breast cancer suscept...
[ "<p>CNIO study: we thank RM Alonso and RL Milne for their assistance. This study was partially supported by Mutua Madrileña, Genome Spain and Marato TV Foundations. The Milan study is supported by the Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro. DKFZ study: we thank D Torres and MU Rashid for providing DNA sample...
[]
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Genotype distribution of the two <italic>p53</italic> polymorphisms in the <italic>BRCA1</italic> and <italic>BRCA2</italic> mutation carriers by participating study</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col a...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t1-fn1\"><p>Abbreviations: GCHBOC=German Consortium of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer; HWE=Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.</p></fn><fn id=\"t1-fn2\"><label>a</label><p>The CNIO series consisted of samples from the Spanish Consortium for the Study of Genetic Modifiers of <italic>BRCA1</i...
[]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Burkett KG, McNeney BJ ("], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["Software for likelihood inference of trait associations with SNP haplotypes and other attributes"], "source": ["J Stat Soft"], "volume": ["16"], "fpage": ["1"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Huber P ("], "year": ["1967"], "article-title": ["The behavior of maximum likelihood estimates under non-standard conditions"], "source": ["Proceedings of the Fifth Berkley Symposium in Mathematical Statistics and Probability"], "volume": ["1"], "fpage": ["221"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
18
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:23
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):974-977
oa_package/2d/21/PMC2538750.tar.gz
PMC2538751
19238634
[]
[ "<title>Materials and methods</title>", "<title>Cell cultures</title>", "<p>The following 10 CRC cell lines were used: DLD-1, HCT-8, HCT-116, HT-29, LoVo, Ls174T, SK-CO-1, SW48, SW480 and SW620 (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Cells were cultivated in α-MEM supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, 100 IU ml<sup>−1<...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Derivation of a GPS</title>", "<p>To identify a set of genes whose expression was associated with tumour cell proliferative activity, two proliferation-based systems were analysed and integrated as described below and illustrated in ##FIG##0##Figure 1##.</p>", "<p>\n<italic>A...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Cancer is regarded as a proliferative disorder, where a selective growth advantage is believed to crucially contribute to its development and progression. Supporting this concept are many studies that have shown an association between poor clinical outcome and high expression of p...
[]
[ "<p>The association between cell proliferation and the malignant potential of colon cancer is not well understood. Here, we evaluated this association using a colon-specific gene proliferation signature (GPS). The GPS was derived by combining gene expression data obtained from the analysis of a cancer cell line mod...
[ "<p>Defective regulation of cell proliferation is a fundamental feature of cancer. By providing a genome-wide insight, microarray technology has revealed that conserved tumour expression patterns include many proliferation-associated genes termed as ‘proliferation signatures’. In most cancers, an increased expressi...
[ "<p><italic>Grant Support:</italic> Health Research Council of New Zealand, the Lottery Grants Board of New Zealand (Y-HL, AER) and the Kommission für Klinische Forschung des Klinikums rechts der Isar (JF, RR, JRS, BH, JM).</p>", "<title>Supplementary Material</title>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Overview methodology. A gene proliferation signature (GPS) was derived by combining the gene expression data from the analysis of a cell line model and colon crypts. (<bold>A</bold>) Ten colorectal cancer cell lines were cultured and harvested at semi-confluence ...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Clinico-pathologic characteristics of two cohorts of colon cancer patients and associations with the GPS</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"char\" char=\".\"/><col align=\"c...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"xob1\"><label>Supplementary Figure 1</label></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"xob2\"><label>Supplementary Figure 2</label></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\"...
[ "<fn-group><fn><p><xref ref-type=\"supplementary-material\" rid=\"sup1\">Supplementary Information</xref> accompanies the paper on British Journal of Cancer website (<ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://www.nature.com/bjc\">http://www.nature.com/bjc</ext-l...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604560f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604560f2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604560f3\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"6604560x1.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"6604560x2.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"6604560x3.doc\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></c...
[{"mixed-citation": ["Ihaka R, Gentleman R ("], "year": ["1996"], "article-title": ["a language for data analysis and graphics"], "source": ["J Comput Graph Stat"], "volume": ["5"], "fpage": ["299"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Krasnoselsky AL, Whiteford CC, Wei JS, Bilke S, Westermann F, Chen Q-R, Khan J ("], "year": ["2004"], "article-title": ["Altered expression of cell cycle genes distinguishes aggressive neuroblastoma"], "source": ["Oncogene"], "volume": ["24"], "fpage": ["1533"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
33
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):966-973
oa_package/b1/2b/PMC2538751.tar.gz
PMC2538752
18781152
[]
[ "<title>Materials and methods</title>", "<title>Cell culture and transfection</title>", "<p>AGS, MKN45 and KATOIII cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). AGS cells were grown in Ham's F/12 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, MKN45 cells were grown in ...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Immunohistochemical analysis of MUC4 expression in gastric cancer tissues</title>", "<p>As a first step toward studying the role of MUC4 in gastric cancer, we did immunohistochemical analysis of MUC4 expression on TMA samples of gastric adenocarcinoma and normal adjacent area. ...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>MUC4 is one of the most widely studied membrane-bound mucins having a significant function in the pathogenesis of several cancers (##REF##14752841##Shibahara et al, 2004##; ##REF##14744777##Singh et al, 2004##). The aberrant expression of MUC4 has been reported in different types ...
[]
[ "<p>MUC4 is a large, heavily glycosylated transmembrane mucin, that is implicated in the pathogenesis of various types of cancers. To date, no extensive study has been done to check the expression and functional significance of MUC4 in different types of gastric adenocarcinomas. Here, we report the expression profi...
[ "<p>Gastric cancer is the fourth most commonly found cancer worldwide and more than 90% of gastric cancers are adenocarcinomas (##REF##15052434##Correa et al, 2004##). According to recent statistical information, in the United States, 21 500 new gastric cancer cases are estimated for the year 2008 (##REF##18287387#...
[ "<p>This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (CA78590, CA111294). We thank Ms Kristi L Berger for editing the paper. The invaluable technical support of Mr Erik Moore was greatly appreciated.</p>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Immunohistochemical analysis of gastric tissues for MUC4 expression by using gastric cancer tissue microarray (TMA) slides. Tissue sections were stained for MUC4 using anti-MUC4 monoclonal antibody followed by biotinylated secondary antibody incubation and strept...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Association of MUC4 expression pattern with types and grades of gastric cancer</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"center\"/><col align=\"center\"/><col align=\"center\"/></c...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t2-fn1\"><p><sup>***</sup>Fisher's Exact test.</p></fn><fn id=\"t2-fn2\"><p>Information regarding the tumour stage was not available for all the spots.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t3-fn1\"><p><sup>***</sup> Fisher's Exact test.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot>" ]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604632f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604632f2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604632f3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604632f4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604632f5\"/>" ]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Tasman-Jones C ("], "year": ["1985"], "article-title": ["Gastric mucus--physical properties in cytoprotection"], "source": ["Med J Aust"], "volume": ["142"], "fpage": ["S5"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Weed DT, Gomez-Fernandez C, Yasin M, Hamilton-Nelson K, Rodriguez M, Zhang J, Carraway KL ("], "year": ["2004"], "article-title": ["MUC4 and ErbB2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: correlation with clinical outcomes"], "source": ["Laryngoscope"], "volume": ["114"], "fpage": ["1"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
46
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:23
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):949-956
oa_package/70/61/PMC2538752.tar.gz
PMC2538753
19238627
[]
[ "<title>Materials and methods</title>", "<title>Patient selection</title>", "<p>Eligible patients were required to have histological verified non-resectable gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma and at least one measurable lesion according to RECIST criteria.</p>", "<p>Eligibility criterias al...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Patient charasteristics</title>", "<p>Between June 2004 and August 2005, 54 patients with gastric and gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma were treated at three Danish oncology centres. Baseline patient characteristics are shown in ##TAB##0##Table 1##. The median age was 59 years ...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Combination chemotherapy prolongs survival and improves quality of life in patients with advanced GC but still they have a poor prognosis and no standard regimen has yet been established.</p>", "<p>In many areas of Europe, ECF has been regarded as a reference regimen in patients...
[]
[ "<p>Epirubicin, cisplatin and continuous infusion of 5-FU is a widely used palliative regimen in patients with gastric cancer. If cisplatin is substituted by oxaliplatin and 5-FU by capecitabine this regimen can be administered in the outpatient setting. Dose-limiting toxicity of oxaliplatin is peripheral sensory n...
[ "<p>Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health problem and is one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths. Although the incidence has been declining in Europe during the last century it is still the fifth most common cancer and an estimated 171 000 new cases of GC will be diagnosed each ye...
[]
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Time-to-progression and overall survival. Kaplan–Meier curves of time-to-progression (median 6.8 months; 95% CI 5.2–7.9 months) and overall survival (median 10.1 months; 95% CI 7.9–11.1 months).</p></caption></fig>" ]
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Patient characteristics at baseline</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"center\"/></colgroup><thead valign=\"bottom\"><tr><th align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" charoff=\"50\">\n<...
[]
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[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604569f1\"/>" ]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Al-Batran S, Hartmann J, Probst S, Hofheinz R, Stoehlmacher J, Schmalenberg H, Hollerbach S, Schuch G, Homann N, J\u00e4ger E ("], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I"], "source": ["J Clin Oncol"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Coleman MP, Gatta G, Verdecchia A, Est\u00e8ve J, Sant M, Storm H, Allemani C, Ciccolallo L, Santaquilani M, Berrino F, EUROCARE Working Group ("], "year": ["2003"], "article-title": ["Eurocare-3 summery: cancer survival in Europe at the end of the 20th century"], "source": ["Ann Oncol"], "volume": ["14"], "fpage": ["128"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Dupont J, Jensen HA, Jensen BV, Pfeiffer P ("], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["Phase I study of short-time oxaliplatin, capecitabine and epirubicin (EXE) as first line therapy in patients with non-resectable gastric cancer"], "source": ["Acta Oncol"], "volume": ["46"], "fpage": ["330"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Glimelius B, Ekstrom K, Hoffman K, Graf W, Sj\u00f6d\u00e9n PO, Haglund U, Svensson C, Enander LK, Linn\u00e9 T, Sellstr\u00f6m H, Heuman R ("], "year": ["1997"], "article-title": ["Randomized comparison between chemotherapy plus best surportive care with bestsurportive care in advanced gastric cancer"], "source": ["Ann Oncol"], "volume": ["8"], "fpage": ["163"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Janunger KG, Hafstr\u00f6m L, Nygren P, Glimelius B, SBU-group. Swedish Council of Technology Assessment in Health Care ("], "year": ["2001"], "article-title": ["A systematic overview of chemotherapy effects in gastric cancer"], "source": ["Acta Oncol"], "volume": ["2/3"], "fpage": ["309"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Pfeiffer P, Sorbye H, Ehrsson H, Fokstuen T, Mortensen JP, Baltesgard L, Tveit KM, \u00d8greid D, Starkhammar H, Wallin I, Qvortrup C, Glimelius B ("], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["Short-time infusion of oxaliplatin in combination with capecitabine (Xelox30) as second line therapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer after faliure to irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil"], "source": ["Ann Oncol"], "volume": ["33"], "fpage": ["70"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Raymond E, Faivre S, Coundray AM, Louvet C, Gespach C ("], "year": ["2001"], "article-title": ["Preclinical studies of oxalilpatin in combination chemotherapy"], "source": ["Bull Cancer"], "volume": ["88"], "fpage": ["26"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
24
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):858-861
oa_package/11/c7/PMC2538753.tar.gz
PMC2538754
18781151
[]
[ "<title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title>", "<title>Data mining of publicly available prostate cancer mRNA expression data</title>", "<p>We interrogated the common gene expression databases, Oncomine and Arrayexpress, for differential expression of <italic>GOLPH2</italic> mRNA in human prostate cancer and normal ti...
[ "<title>RESULTS</title>", "<title>GOLPH2 mRNA expression in prostate cancer</title>", "<p>We have reported earlier that <italic>GOLPH2</italic> mRNA is overexpressed in microdissected prostate cancer epithelium compared with the adjacent normal prostate epithelium from the same patient by a fold change of 2.2 (...
[ "<title>DISCUSSION</title>", "<p>This is the first report on GOLPH2 (Golgi protein 73, GP73) protein expression in prostate tissues validated on a large cohort of clinically detected prostate cancer specimens following radical prostatectomy. We have recently shown that <italic>GOLPH2</italic> mRNA is among the to...
[]
[ "<p><italic>GOLPH2</italic> is coding the 73-kDa type II Golgi membrane antigen GOLPH2/GP73. Upregulation of <italic>GOLPH2</italic> mRNA has been recently reported in expression array analyses of prostate cancer. As GOLPH2 protein expression in prostate tissues is currently unknown, this study aimed at a comprehen...
[ "<p>The identification of sensitive and specific biomarkers in tissue and serum is of utmost importance to reduce the mortality of prostate cancer (##REF##17936845##Parekh et al, 2007##). Expression arrays, SNP analyses and mass spectrometry are new tools for biomarker identification (##REF##17925536##Zheng et al, ...
[ "<p>We are grateful to Britta Beyer and Silvia Behnke for excellent technical assistance. The photographical support of Norbert Wey and André Wethmar is greatly acknowledged. We also thank Christian Zuber, PhD, and Jürgen Roth, MD, (Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, USZ) for helpful...
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>GOLPH2 expression in prostate tissues at mRNA and protein level. (<bold>A</bold>) Boxplot of the combined normalised expression values of the nine studies from Oncomine interrogating normal and cancerous prostate tissues. The fold changes and the respective <ital...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>GOLPH2 expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues and cell lines</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"char\" char=\".\"/><col align=\"char\" char=\".\"/><col align=\"ch...
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[ "<fn-group><fn><p>\n<bold>Conflict of interest</bold>\n</p><p>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></fn></fn-group>", "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t2-fn1\"><p>Abbreviations: AMACR=<italic>α</italic>-methylacyl-CoA racemase; Pre-OP PSA=preoperative PSA; pT-status=tumour stage.</p></fn><fn id=\"t2-fna\"><l...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604614f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604614f2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604614f3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604614f4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604614f5\"/>" ]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Norton PA, Comunale MA, Krakover J, Rodemich L, Pirog N, D\u2019Amelio A, Philip R, Mehta AS, Block TM ("], "year": ["2007"], "article-title": ["N-linked glycosylation of the liver cancer biomarker GP73"], "source": ["J Cell Biochem"], "volume": ["104"], "fpage": ["136"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
42
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):939-948
oa_package/1c/ea/PMC2538754.tar.gz
PMC2538755
18781149
[]
[ "<title>Patients and methods</title>", "<title>Questionnaire survey</title>", "<p>A survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire circulated to all 21 CCLG paediatric oncology centres in the United Kingdom. The questionnaire was sent to centres in May 2006 and all replies were returned by October 2006. The q...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Measurement of GFR</title>", "<p>A summary of the findings from the questionnaire relating to current practices in determining renal function in children with cancer at the UK centres is provided in ##TAB##0##Table 1##. The findings indicated that at the time the survey was car...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>There are numerous techniques described in the literature for estimating renal function or GFR in children and adults (##UREF##1##Price and Finney, 2000##; ##REF##11207037##Wright et al, 2001##; ##REF##12432431##Leger et al, 2002##; ##REF##14710207##Cole et al, 2004##; ##REF##1701...
[]
[ "<p>Renal function-based carboplatin dosing is used routinely in paediatric oncology clinical practice. It is important that accurate assessments of renal function are carried out consistently across clinical centres, a view supported by recently published British Nuclear Medicine Society (BNMS) guidelines for meas...
[ "<p>Carboplatin dosing based on renal function has been shown to result in more reproducible and reliable drug exposures than dosing based on surface area in children (##REF##11054434##Thomas et al, 2000##). This approach not only minimises the risk of underdosing and hence inadequate treatment, but also reduces ov...
[ "<p>We thank the research nurses, clinicians and all other staff who participated in the study at the following CCLG centres: Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne; Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; Manchester Children's Hospital; St James's Hospital, Leeds; Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital; Royal Ma...
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Distribution of percentage change in carboplatin dose following a change in sampling times from 1, 2, 3 and 4 h to 2, 3 and 4 h (<bold>A</bold>), and following a shift from the Chantler correction to the Brochner-Mortensen correction with sampling times at 2, 3 a...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Results of the questionnaire survey showing the methodology of estimation of GFR in the UK CCLG centres</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"left\"/><col ...
[ "<disp-formula id=\"equ1\"></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula id=\"equ2\"></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula id=\"equ3\"></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula id=\"equ4\"></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula id=\"equ5\"></disp-formula>" ]
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[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t1-fn1\"><p>BM=Brochner-Mortensen; CCLG=Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; GFR=glomerular filtration rate.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t2-fn1\"><p>BNMS=British Nuclear Medicine Society.</p></fn><fn id=\"t2-fn2\"><p>Dosing on the basis of <sup>51</sup>Cr-E...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604612e1.jpg\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604612e2.jpg\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604612e3.jpg\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604612e4.jpg\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604612e5.jpg\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604612f1\"/>" ]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Brochner-Mortensen J, Haahr J, Christoffersen J ("], "year": ["1974"], "article-title": ["A simple method for accurate assessment of the glomerular filtration rate in children"], "source": ["Scand J Clin Lab Invest"], "volume": ["33"], "fpage": ["139"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Price CP, Finney H ("], "year": ["2000"], "article-title": ["Developments in the assessment of glomerular filtration rate"], "source": ["Clinica Chimica Acta"], "volume": ["297"], "fpage": ["55"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Rehling M, Moller ML, Thamdrup B, Lund JO, Trap-Jensen J ("], "year": ["1984"], "article-title": ["Simultaneous measurement of renal clearance and plasma-clearance of Tc-99m-labelled diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate, Cr-51-labeled ethylenediaminetetra-acetate and inulin in man"], "source": ["Clin Sci"], "volume": ["66"], "fpage": ["613"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Sigman E, Elwood C, Knox F ("], "year": ["1966"], "article-title": ["The measurement of glomerular filtration rate in man with sodium Iothalamate 131-I"], "source": ["J Nuc Med"], "volume": ["7"], "fpage": ["60"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
21
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):894-899
oa_package/35/c0/PMC2538755.tar.gz
PMC2538756
19238630
[]
[ "<title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title>", "<title>Data</title>", "<p>Two international phase III British Biotech studies (BB128, ##REF##11481349##Bramhall et al, 2001##; BB193, ##REF##12107836##Bramhall et al, 2002##) randomised 414 and 239 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, respectively: BB128 randomised p...
[ "<title>RESULTS</title>", "<title>Patient characteristics</title>", "<p>A total of 653 patients were randomised. The eighteen clinically appropriate factors for analysis are presented in ##TAB##1##Table 2## and appear balanced across the two studies. On average, patients in the two trials were randomised 20 and...
[ "<title>DISCUSSION</title>", "<p>Large, prospective, phase III randomised controlled trials aim to provide robust statistical evidence for new treatment combinations. Stratification is important to control for known important variability in the data. Generally, patients with pancreatic cancer are not clinically s...
[]
[ "<p>Pancreatic cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death. Identification of defined patient groups based on a prognostic index may improve the prediction of survival and selection of therapy. Many prognostic factors have been identified often based on retrospective, underpowered studies with unclear ana...
[ "<p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a common cause of cancer death and is difficult to treat because clinical presentation is often late, and the disease is resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Long-term survival remains poor with a 5-year survival rate of 0.4–4% (##REF##7881926##Bramhall et al, 1995##; ##RE...
[ "<p>We are grateful to British Biotech for providing the individual patient data and to all patients who took part in these trials. We are grateful to Cancer Research UK who supported this research under a Population and Behavioural Sciences project grant (reference: C19491/A6150).</p>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Survival function by trial.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig id=\"fig2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Estimated functional form for CA19-9. Dots indicate actual data values.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig id=\"fig3\"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Estimated...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Literature review</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"center\"/><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"center\"/><col align=\"center\"/></colgroup><thead vali...
[]
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[]
[ "<fn-group><fn><p>\n<bold>Conflict of interest</bold>\n</p><p>The authors state no conflict of interest.</p></fn></fn-group>", "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t1-fn1\"><p>MV=multivariate; U=univariate.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t2-fn1\"><label>a</label><p>Continuous measurements.</p></f...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604568f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604568f2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604568f3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604568f4\"/>" ]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Collett D ("], "year": ["1994"], "source": ["Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Fujino Y, Suzuki Y, Ajiki T, Tanioka Y, Ku YS, Kuroda Y ("], "year": ["2003"], "article-title": ["Predicting factors for survival of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer: a management guideline"], "source": ["Hepatogastroenterol"], "volume": ["50"], "fpage": ["250"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Meier-Hirmer C, Ortseifen C, Sauerbrei W ("], "year": ["2003"], "source": ["Multivariable Fractional Polynomials in SAS"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Ridwelski K, Meyer F, Ebert M, Malfertheiner P, Lippert H ("], "year": ["2001"], "article-title": ["Prognostic parameters determining survival in pancreatic carcinoma and, in particular, after palliative treatment"], "source": ["Digest Dis"], "volume": ["19"], "fpage": ["85"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Royston P, Altman DG ("], "year": ["1994"], "article-title": ["Regression using fractional polynomials of continuous covariates: parsimonious parametric modelling"], "source": ["Appl Stat"], "volume": ["43"], "fpage": ["429"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Rubin DB ("], "year": ["1987"], "source": ["Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Schafer JL ("], "year": ["1997"], "source": ["Analysis of Incomplete Multivaraite Data"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Ueno H, Okada S, Okusaka T, Ikeda M ("], "year": ["2000"], "article-title": ["Prognostic factors in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma receiving systemic chemotherapy"], "source": ["Onkologie"], "volume": ["59"], "fpage": ["296"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
57
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):883-893
oa_package/b7/2b/PMC2538756.tar.gz
PMC2538757
0
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<p>\n<bold>Sir,</bold>\n</p>", "<p>It is reassuring that Dr Ingleby reaches the same conclusion as we did, that black patients have earlier onset on average than white patients, even after taking into account the different age distributions of the populations. Unlike Dr Ingleby, we are reluctant to attempt to de...
[]
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[]
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[]
[]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
0
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:23
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):988
oa_package/32/92/PMC2538757.tar.gz
PMC2538758
19238632
[]
[ "<title>Materials and methods</title>", "<title>Cell culture, cell lysates preparation, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting</title>", "<p>Lung cancer cell lines were obtained from American Type Culture Collection and grown in RPMI 1640 (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA), 10% (v/v) foetal bovine serum (FBS) as instru...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Co-expression of MET and EGFR in lung cancer</title>", "<p>We first examined the expression pattern of MET and EGFR in lung cancer cell lines. Nine of 11 NSCLC cell lines (82%) (except H520 and H661) (see <xref ref-type=\"supplementary-material\" rid=\"sup1\">Supplementary Tabl...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>At least half of the acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI in advanced NSCLC patients is thought to be mediated by the ‘gatekeeper’ mutation T790M in exon 20 of <italic>EGFR</italic> (##REF##15728811##Kobayashi et al, 2005a##; ##REF##15737014##Pao et al, 2005##). Many tumours with intri...
[]
[ "<p>These authors contributed equally to the work.</p>", "<p>Despite clinical approval of erlotinib, most advanced lung cancer patients are primary non-responders. Initial responders invariably develop secondary resistance, which can be accounted for by T790M-<italic>EGFR</italic> mutation in half of the relapses...
[ "<p>Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play a key role in lung cancer tumorigenesis and progression (##REF##15948672##Choong et al, 2005##). Progress has been made in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib, targeting ...
[ "<p>This work was supported by NIH/National Cancer Institute-K08 Mentored Career Development Award (1K08CA102545-01A2), Ohio Cancer Research Associates ‘Give New Ideas A Chance’ Grant Award (both to PC Ma), NIH HL075422 and VA Merit Award (both to JA Kern), the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center (Genotype and Gene Ex...
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Co-expression pattern of MET and EGFR in lung cancer. The expression pattern of MET (1st panel) and EGFR (2nd panel) was examined using standard immunoblotting of the whole cell lysates (WCLs) from the following lung cancer cell lines cultured under serum-contain...
[]
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[]
[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"xob1\"><label>Supplementary Figures</label></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"xob2\"><label>Supplementary Table</label></supplementary-material>" ]
[ "<fn-group><fn><p><xref ref-type=\"supplementary-material\" rid=\"sup1\">Supplementary Information</xref> accompanies the paper on British Journal of Cancer website (<ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://www.nature.com/bjc\">http://www.nature.com/bjc</ext-l...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604559f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604559f2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604559f3a\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604559f3b\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604559f4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604559f5\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604559f6\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"6604559x1.ppt\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"6604559x2.ppt\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Lynch TJ, Adjei AA, Bunn Jr PA, Eisen TG, Engelman J, Goss GD, Haber DA, Heymach JV, Janne PA, Johnson BE, Johnson DH, Lilenbaum RC, Meyerson M, Sandler AB, Sequist LV, Settleman J, Wong KK, Hart CS ("], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["Summary statement: novel agents in the treatment of lung cancer: advances in epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted agents"], "source": ["Clin Cancer Res"], "volume": ["12"], "fpage": ["4365s"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
47
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):911-922
oa_package/2d/56/PMC2538758.tar.gz
PMC2538759
18781147
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<title>Conclusions</title>", "<p>In conclusion, the discovery by Tomlins <italic>et al</italic> in 2005 of a frequent genetic rearrangement in prostate cancers has changed our conception about the role of chromosomal rearrangements in the aetiologies of common solid tumours. In the short time since this discover...
[ "<p>It has recently been shown that the majority of prostate cancers harbour a chromosomal rearrangement that fuses the gene for an androgen-regulated prostate-specific serine protease, <italic>TMPRSS2</italic>, with a member of the ETS family of transcription factors, most commonly <italic>ERG</italic>. These are ...
[ "<title>Fusion of Tmprss2 and Ets Transcription Factor Genes</title>", "<p>In 2005, Tomlins <italic>et al</italic> identified and described a small number of fusion transcripts, specific to prostate cancer, that were the consequence of a chromosomal rearrangement involving two genes. One gene, <italic>TMPRSS2</it...
[]
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[]
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[]
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[]
[]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Nam RK, Sugar L, Wang Z, Yang W, Kitching R, Klotz LH, Venkateswaran V, Narod SA, Seth A ("], "year": ["2007a"], "article-title": ["Expression of TMPRSS2 ERG gene fusion in prostate cancer cells is an important prognostic factor for cancer progression"], "source": ["Cancer Biol Ther"], "volume": ["6"], "fpage": ["e1"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
33
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):847-851
oa_package/66/61/PMC2538759.tar.gz
PMC2538760
19238629
[]
[ "<title>Patients and methods</title>", "<title>Study design</title>", "<p>This phase I open label study was divided into two parts. The first two cycles were designated as phase A, to determine the MTD, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. In phase B, matuzumab plus ECX was continued on the DL select...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>Between 2002 and 2005, 45 patients underwent EGFR testing for the study at the Royal Marsden Hospital, UK and 60% exhibited positive EGFR expression by immunohistochemical analysis. In total, 21 patients with EGFR-positive tumours received study treatment (##TAB##0##Table 1##). Basel...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>This study has demonstrated that ECX combined with matuzumab weekly at doses up to 800 mg per week were generally well-tolerated. At 1200 mg of matuzumab three weekly, the MTD was exceeded and the main DLT experienced by four of seven patients was grade 3 lethargy. This occurred a...
[]
[ "<p>To evaluate the safety, tolerability, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the humanised antiepidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody matuzumab combined with epirubicin, cisplatin and capecitabine (ECX) in patients as first-line treatment for advanced oesophagogastric cancer that expre...
[ "<p>Oesophagogastric (OG) cancer represents a major health burden worldwide (##REF##11905707##Parkin, 2001##). For patients with advanced disease combination, chemotherapy has shown a survival benefit compared to best supportive care (##REF##8508427##Murad et al, 1993##; ##REF##7533517##Pyrhonen et al, 1995##).</p>...
[ "<p>Thus study was supported by a research grant from Merck KGaA.</p>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Concentration–time courses of matuzumab in the dose groups 400 mg weekly (dashed line and circles), 800 mg weekly (continuous line and triangles) and 1200 mg every 3 weeks (bold line and squares). The mean concentrations (symbols) are fitted with a two-compartmen...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Study design and dose escalation</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"char\" char=\".\"/></colgroup><thead valign=\"bottom\"><tr><th align=\"left\" valign...
[]
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[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t1-fn1\"><p>ECX=epirubicin, cisplatin and capecitabine.</p></fn><fn id=\"t1-fn2\"><label>a</label><p>Administered in combination with fixed-dose ECX.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t2-fn1\"><p>ECX=epirubicin, cisplatin and capecitabine; OGJ=oesophagogastric junc...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604622f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604622f2\"/>" ]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Abubakr Y, Pautret V, Maurel J, Scheithauer W, Kroening H, Zubel A, Lutz M, Wong L, Sobrero A ("], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["Cetuximab plus irinotecan for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): safety analysis of 800 patients in a randomized phase III trial (EPIC)"], "source": ["American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meetings Proceedings Part 1"], "fpage": ["3556"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Amendt CMO, Peters M, Yezhelyev M, Jauch KW, Geissler E, Bruns CJ ("], "year": ["2003"], "italic": ["In vivo"], "source": ["American Association of Cancer Research"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Burger AM, Kreysch HG, Schandelmaier K, Wirth G, Fiebig HH, Grell M ("], "year": ["2003"], "article-title": ["The humanised monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody EMD 72000 potentially inhibits the growth of EGFR-expressing human tumour xenografts insensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs"], "source": ["American Association for Cancer Research"], "fpage": ["5719"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Ferry DR, Beddows K, Mayer P, Price L, Janowski J ("], "year": ["2004"], "article-title": ["Phase II trial of gefitinib (ZD1839) in advanced adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus incorporating biopsy before and after gefitinib"], "source": ["ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Lenz HJ ("], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["Anti-EGFR mechanism of action: antitumor effect and underlying cause of adverse events"], "source": ["Oncology (Williston Park)"], "volume": ["20"], "fpage": ["5"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Malik I, Patnaik A, Venook A, Berlin J, Croghan G, Navale L, MacDonald M, Jerian S, Meropol NJ ("], "year": ["2005"], "article-title": ["Safety and efficacy of panitumumab monotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)"], "source": ["ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Tabernero J, Jiminez E, Montaner I, Santome L, Guix M, Rosen O, Kovar A, Salazar R, Baselga J ("], "year": ["2003"], "article-title": ["A phase I PK and serial tumor and skin pharmacodynamic (PD) study of weekly (q1w), every 2-week (q2w) or every 3-week (q3w) 1-hour (h) infusion EMD72000, a humanized monoclonal anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody, in patients (pt) with advanced tumors"], "source": ["Proceeds American Society of Clinical Oncology"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Trarbach T, Weber D, Tillner J, Fassmann I, Seeber S, Vanhoefer U ("], "year": ["2005"], "article-title": ["Phase I study of the humanised anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EFR) antibody EMD 72000 (matuzumab) in combination with cisplatin, 5FU and leucovorin (PFL) in patients with advanced oesophago-gatsric cancer"], "source": ["American Society of Clinical Oncology"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Van Groeningen C, Giaccone G ("], "year": ["2004"], "article-title": ["Gefitinib phase II study in second-line treatment of advanced esophageal cancer"], "source": ["ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Wagner AD, Grothe W, Haerting J, Kleber G, Grothey A, Fleig WE ("], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on aggregate data"], "source": ["J ClinOncol"], "volume": ["24"], "fpage": ["2903"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
35
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):868-874
oa_package/47/49/PMC2538760.tar.gz
PMC2538761
18728643
[]
[ "<title>Patients and methods</title>", "<title>Patient eligibility criteria</title>", "<p>Patients with untreated, histologically or cytologically documented NSCLC with clinical stage IB (c-T2N0M0), IIA (c-T1N1M0) or IIB (c-T2N1M0 or T3N0M0) were eligible for study entry. Each patient was required to meet the f...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Patient characteristics</title>", "<p>From October 2002 to October 2003, 80 patients from 18 institutions were enroled and randomised. After 40 patients were randomised, an interim analysis was carried out. Following the JCOG Data and Safety Monitoring Committee's review, the s...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>As compared with post-surgical adjuvant therapy, preoperative chemotherapy has several practical as well as theoretical advantages (##REF##10694600##Pisters et al, 2000##; ##REF##12781072##Pisters, 2003##). The practical advantages include better patient tolerance and clinical vis...
[]
[ "<p>Preoperative chemotherapy is a promising strategy in patients with early-stage resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); optimal chemotherapy remains unclear. Clinical (c-) stage IB/II NSCLC patients were randomised to receive either two cycles of docetaxel (D)–cisplatin (P) combination chemotherapy (D 60 ...
[ "<p>Surgery is the standard of care for clinical (c-) stage IB/II non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the treatment outcome remains poor, with 5-year survival rates of 50% or less (##REF##9187198##Mountain, 1997##; ##REF##16061304##Goya et al, 2005##). The majority of post-surgical relapse occurs as distant met...
[ "<p>We thank Ms Mieko Imai for the data management, and Mr Takashi Asakawa and Dr Naoki Ishizuka for the statistical analyses. This study was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research (114S-2, 14S-4, 17S-2, 17S-5) and Health Sciences Research Grant from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. P...
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Disease-free survival.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig id=\"fig2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Overall survival.</p></caption></fig>" ]
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Patient characteristics</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"center\"/><col align=\"center\"/></colgroup><thead valign=\"bottom\"><tr><th align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" charoff...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<fn-group><fn><p>\n<bold>Conflict of interest</bold>\n</p><p>Hideo Kunitoh, Masahiro Tsuboi, Yukito Ichinose and Nagahiro Saijo have received honoraria from Sanofi-Aventis.</p></fn></fn-group>", "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t2-fn1\"><label>a</label><p>Ineffectiveness was judged upon ⩾10% unidirectional increase in...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604613f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604613f2\"/>" ]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Pisters K, Vallieres E, Bunn Jr PA, Crowley J, Chansky K, Ginsberg R, Gandara DR ("], "year": ["2007"], "article-title": ["S9900: surgery alone or surgery plus induction paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy in early stage non-small cell lung cancer: follow-up on a phase III trial"], "source": ["J Clin Oncol"], "volume": ["25"], "fpage": ["389S"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
29
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):852-857
oa_package/0b/8f/PMC2538761.tar.gz
PMC2538762
19238626
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<p>Within the era of molecularly targeted anticancer agents, it has become increasingly important to provide proof of mechanism as early on as possible in the drug development cycle, especially in the clinic. Selective activation of apoptosis is often cited as one of the major goals of cancer chemotherapy. Thus, t...
[ "<p>A biomarker is a characteristic objectively measured and evaluated to indicate normal or pathogenic biological processes or pharmacologic response. Its potential to enhance translational science progress and accelerate drug development is becoming recognised. Nowhere is this more pertinent than in the complex a...
[]
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Schematic diagram of the consequential accumulation of proteins following induction of apoptosis. These biomarker molecules are eventually released and can be detected in the circulation in patients undergoing therapy.</p></caption></fig>" ]
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Most commonly described biomarkers of apoptosis can be measured in tissues and blood using a variety of technology platforms</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"left\"/><col ...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t1-fn1\"><p>IHC=immunohistochemistry; PCR=polymerase chain reaction.</p></fn><fn id=\"t1-fn2\"><p>Currently, ELISA platforms and flow cytometry offer the highest throughput for clinical trial use.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot>" ]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604519f1\"/>" ]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Taylor K, Micha D, Ranson M, Dive C ("], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["Recent advances in targeting regulators of apoptosis in cancer cells for therapeutic gain"], "source": ["Expert Opin Investig Drugs"], "volume": ["15"], "fpage": ["669"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
32
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):841-846
oa_package/7f/0d/PMC2538762.tar.gz
PMC2538763
18781153
[]
[ "<title>Materials and methods</title>", "<title>Cell lines, reagents and antibodies</title>", "<p>FET cells, vector control clone and Smad7 clones in FET cells that overexpressed Smad7 were described previously (##REF##15922743##Halder et al, 2005##). The TGF-<italic>β</italic> was purchased from R&amp;D System...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Stable expression of Smad7 induces liver metastasis in nude mice</title>", "<p>The role of Smad pathway in TGF-<italic>β</italic>-mediated metastasis is controversial. We demonstrated previously that Smad7 induces tumorigenicity in colon tumour-derived FET cells by blocking TGF...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>There is substantial evidence to demonstrate that Smad signalling is important for TGF-<italic>β</italic> tumour suppression function, and neoplastic transformation is often associated with the loss of this tumour suppressor function. During cancer progression, high levels of TGF-...
[]
[ "<p>These authors contributed equally to this study.</p>", "<p>Although Smad signalling is known to play a tumour suppressor role, it has been shown to play a prometastatic function also in breast cancer and melanoma metastasis to bone. In contrast, mutation or reduced level of Smad4 in colorectal cancer is direc...
[ "<p>Metastasis is the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, and accounts for 90% of cancer deaths. Despite the fact that metastasis ultimately kills the host, the mechanisms leading to tumour invasion and metastasis have been less characterized than those resulting in tumour initiation. Cancer development ...
[ "<p>We are grateful to Dr M Key Washington (Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center) for analysing our IHC data. This study was supported by R01 CA95195 and CA113519, NCI SPORE grant in lung cancer (5P50CA90949) and a Clinical Innovator Award from Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (t...
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Stable expression of Smad7 induces liver metastasis of colon adenocarcinoma (FET) cells after splenic injection in athymic nude mice. (<bold>A</bold>) Cells from each pool of parental FET, vector control and Smad7 overexpressing cells were injected into spleen of...
[]
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[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604562f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604562f2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604562f3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604562f4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604562f5\"/>" ]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
45
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):957-965
oa_package/f5/f2/PMC2538763.tar.gz
PMC2538764
19238635
[]
[ "<title>Materials and methods</title>", "<title>Samples</title>", "<p>Foetal tissues were obtained from the MRC Tissue Bank and from the adult tissues from patients undergoing clinically indicated gastroscopy at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (Joint UCL/UCLH Committees on the Ethics of...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Relationship of splicing with genotype: variable exon 2 spliceoforms</title>", "<p>All the samples were first typed for rs4072037. Corresponding cDNA from 68 foetuses (total of 120 tissue samples), 36 adults (21 gastric and 15 duodenal samples of which 13 and 9, respectively, h...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>This is the first large scale study that shows a clear association of alternative splicing of the 5′ exon 2 region of <italic>MUC1</italic> with the rs4072037 A/G SNP. Both experimental and database trawling show that there is a strong association between transcript type and exon ...
[]
[ "<p>Current addresses: School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore</p>", "<p>Current addresses: Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK – London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK<...
[ "<p>MUC1 is a highly polymorphic membrane-associated mucin that is often aberrantly expressed in cancer (##REF##12463741##Taylor-Papadimitriou et al, 2002##). It has a centrally located tandem repeat (TR) domain (##REF##3965141##Lan et al, 1985##; ##REF##2888110##Gendler et al, 1987##, ##REF##3417635##1988##, ##REF...
[ "<p>We acknowledge an MRC PhD Studentship and grants from the Annals of Human Genetics and the Oxford University Department of Paediatrics for W Ng, UCL ORS scholarship for AL, GABBA PhD program studentship and Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal, for AT, The Wellcome Trust grant ref 070395/Z/03/Z, for...
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>(<bold>A</bold>) Diagram of the start of <italic>MUC1</italic> showing the positions of the PCR primers in relation to rs4072037 (asterisked). The variable extension of exon 2 is shown in white. Tandem repeat domain is shown in dark grey. The positions of the sin...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Summary of splice variants <bold>a</bold>, <bold>b</bold>, <bold>c</bold> and <bold>d</bold> observed in foetal and adult tissues and cell line samples from individuals of different genotypes for rs4072037</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"xob1\"><label>Supplementary Figure 1</label></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"xob2\"><label>Supplementary Table 1, Supplementary Information and Supplementary Figure 1 Legend</label></supplementary-materi...
[ "<fn-group><fn><p><xref ref-type=\"supplementary-material\" rid=\"sup1\">Supplementary Information</xref> accompanies the paper on British Journal of Cancer website (<ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://www.nature.com/bjc\">http://www.nature.com/bjc</ext-l...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604617f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604617f2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604617f3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604617f4\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"6604617x1.doc\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"6604617x2.doc\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Teixeira AS ("], "year": ["2005"], "source": ["MUC1 polymorphism in relation to suceptibility to "], "italic": ["Helicobacter pylori"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
36
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):978-985
oa_package/8e/d7/PMC2538764.tar.gz
PMC2538765
19238631
[]
[ "<title>Materials and methods</title>", "<title>Synthesis and characterisation of the copolymers</title>", "<p>The tyrosinamide (TyrNH<sub>2</sub>)-, gadolinium (Gd)- and doxorubicin-containing <italic>N</italic>-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers were synthesised as described previously (##REF##...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Biodistributional analysis of HPMA copolymers</title>", "<p>To assess the validity and the therapeutic potential of carrier-based radiochemotherapy, HPMA copolymers were selected as a model drug targeting system. Copolymers of <italic>N</italic>-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide ...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Over the years, a variety of different drug targeting systems have been developed, ranging in nature from simple polymers (##REF##16900224##Duncan, 2006##) and liposomes (##REF##15688077##Torchilin, 2005##), to stimuli-sensitive polymeric micelles (##REF##17623798##Rapoport et al,...
[]
[ "<p>These authors contributed equally to this study.</p>", "<p>Drug targeting systems are nanometer-sized carrier materials designed for improving the biodistribution of systemically applied (chemo-) therapeutics. Reasoning that (I) the temporal and spatial interaction between systemically applied chemotherapy an...
[ "<p>The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been evaluated extensively in the past few decades (##REF##2185342##Vokes and Weichselbaum, 1990##; ##REF##17259930##Seiwert et al, 2007##). Besides significantly increasing the efficacy of radiotherapy, however, the simultaneous application of chemotherapy a...
[ "<p>This study was supported by the German-Israeli Cooperation Program in Cancer Research (CA-105; TL, PP, JD, PEH), the Wieland-Stiftung (TL), the Program of Research Centers of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (IM 4635608802 (VS, KU), and the European Commission (FP6-MediTrans; TL...
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Rationale for carrier-based radiochemotherapy. (<bold>A</bold>) Carrier-based radiochemotherapy is based on the notion that drug targeting and radiotherapy interact synergistically, with on the one hand, radiotherapy improving the tumour accumulation of drug targ...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"xob1\"><label>Supplementary Information</label></supplementary-material>" ]
[ "<fn-group><fn><p><xref ref-type=\"supplementary-material\" rid=\"sup1\">Supplementary Information</xref> accompanies the paper on British Journal of Cancer website (<ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://www.nature.com/bjc\">http://www.nature.com/bjc</ext-l...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604561f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604561f2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604561f3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604561f4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604561f5\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604561f6\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604561f7\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"6604561x1.doc\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Davies CdeL, Lundstrom LM, Frengen J, Eikenes L, Bruland SOS, Kaalhus O, Hjelstuen MH, Brekken C ("], "year": ["2004"], "article-title": ["Radiation improves the distribution and uptake of liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx) in human osteosarcoma xenografts"], "source": ["Cancer Res"], "volume": ["64"], "fpage": ["47"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Jain RK ("], "year": ["1994"], "article-title": ["Barriers to drug delivery in solid tumors"], "source": ["Sci Am"], "volume": ["271"], "fpage": ["58"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Lawrence TS, Eisbruch A, Shewach DS ("], "year": ["1997"], "article-title": ["Gemcitabine-mediated radiosensitization"], "source": ["Semin Oncol"], "volume": ["24"], "fpage": ["S7"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Park JS, Qiao L, Su ZZ, Hinman D, Willoughby K, McKinstry R, Yacoub A, Duigou GJ, Young CS, Grant S, Hagan MP, Ellis E, Fisher PB, Dent P ("], "year": ["2001"], "article-title": ["Ionizing radiation modulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression through multiple mitogen activated protein kinase dependent pathways"], "source": ["Oncogene"], "volume": ["25"], "fpage": ["3266"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Park JW, Benz CC, Martin FJ ("], "year": ["2004"], "article-title": ["Future directions of liposome- and immunoliposome-based cancer therapeutics"], "source": ["Semin Oncol"], "volume": ["31"], "fpage": ["96"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Rowell NP, O\u2019rourke NP ("], "year": ["2004"], "article-title": ["Concurrent chemoradiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer"], "source": ["Cochrane Database Syst Rev"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
44
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):900-910
oa_package/3b/1e/PMC2538765.tar.gz
PMC2538766
18781148
[]
[ "<title>Materials and methods</title>", "<title>Study population</title>", "<p>Participants were disease-free rectal cancer patients who had participated in a study assessing rectal cancer treatment preferences (##REF##17848910##Pieterse et al, 2007##). For that study, a stratified random sample was selected fr...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Participants</title>", "<p>Forty-eight male and 22 female patients participated. They were aged 64 years on average (s.d.=9.4; range: 41–84) at the time of the interview and had been treated for rectal cancer 6–10 (M=8; s.d.=1.0) years ago. Among those responding to demographic...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The results from this study suggest that both in case of a specific adjuvant treatment decision situation and more generally, a large majority of treated cancer patients and clinicians prefer the decision to be the outcome of a shared decision-making process. Our results support p...
[]
[ "<p>Patient participation in treatment decision-making is being increasingly advocated, although cancer treatments are often guideline-driven. Trade-offs between benefits and side effects underlying guidelines are made by clinicians. Evidence suggests that clinicians are inaccurate at predicting patient values. The...
[ "<p>Both clinicians and researchers have commented on the need to involve patients in treatment decision making, especially when a patient presents with a serious illness, different treatment options exist, the gains of treatment should be weighed against possible adverse effects, or outcomes are uncertain (##REF##...
[ "<p>We thank the participating patients and oncologists for their efforts. This study was supported by a grant from the Dutch Cancer Society (UL 2005-3213).</p>", "<title>Appendix A Coding scheme</title>", "<p>\n##TAB##1##Table A1##\n</p>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Patients' (<italic>N</italic>=70) and clinicians' (<italic>N</italic>=60) control preferences in deciding about preoperative radiotherapy (PRT). Note: Phrasing of control preferences roles in <italic>patient</italic> interviews: (A) I prefer to make the decision ...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Participantś answers to the closed-ended questions</title></caption></table-wrap>", "<table-wrap id=\"tbla1\"><label>Table A1</label><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"ta1-fn1\"><label>a</label><p>The participants' explanations to this question were only coded in those agreeing to patient involvement.</p></fn><fn id=\"ta1-fn2\"><label>b</label><p>The participants' explanations to this question were only coded in those agreeing to patient involvement (qu...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604611f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604611t1\"/>" ]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Degner LF, Sloan JA, Venkatesh P ("], "year": ["1997b"], "article-title": ["The Control Preferences Scale"], "source": ["Can J Nurs Res"], "volume": ["29"], "fpage": ["21"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Hubbard G, Kidd L, Donaghy E ("], "year": ["2008"], "article-title": ["Preferences for involvement in treatment decision making of patients with cancer: a review of the literature"], "source": ["Eur J Oncol Nurs"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Whitney SN, McCullough LB ("], "year": ["2007"], "article-title": ["Physicians' silent decisions: because patient autonomy does not always come first"], "source": ["Am J Bioeth"], "volume": ["7"], "fpage": ["33"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
44
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:22
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):875-882
oa_package/36/71/PMC2538766.tar.gz
PMC2538767
18781155
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<p>\n<bold>Sir,</bold>\n</p>", "<p>The article by ##REF##18182985##Bowen et al (2008a)##, reporting that Black women in Hackney presented for breast cancer at a median age of 21 years younger than that of White women and had more serious pathology, has given rise to widespread concern and a petition to 10 Downin...
[]
[ "<fig id=\"fig1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Age-specific incidence of breast cancer in the Black and White groups (patients per 1000 of the population).</p></caption></fig>" ]
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Overall incidence rates by ethnic subgroup (patients per 1000 of the population)</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"char\" char=\".\"/></colgroup><thead valign=\"bottom\"><t...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"6604625f1\"/>" ]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Bowen RL, Duffy SW, Ryan DA, Hart IR, Jones JL ("], "year": ["2008b"], "article-title": ["Reply: early onset breast cancer in British black women: a letter to the editor of "], "italic": ["British Journal of Cancer"], "source": ["Br J Cancer"], "volume": ["98"], "fpage": ["1483"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["Bowen RL, Duffy SW, Ryan DA, Hart IR, Jones JL ("], "year": ["2008c"], "article-title": ["Reply: early onset of breast cancer in British black women"], "source": ["Br J Cancer"], "volume": ["98"], "fpage": ["2012"]}, {"mixed-citation": ["McCormack VA, Perry N, Vinnicombe SJ, Silva ID ("], "year": ["2008"], "article-title": ["Ethnic variations in mammographic density: a British multiethnic longitudinal study"], "source": ["Am J Epidemiol"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
6
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:23
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):986-987
oa_package/9a/f2/PMC2538767.tar.gz
PMC2538768
19238633
[]
[ "<title>Patients and methods</title>", "<title>Patients</title>", "<p>Patients, aged &gt;18 years old, with histologically confirmed NSCLC who underwent biopsy or surgical excision of the primary tumour and the corresponding metastases were included in this retrospective analysis. Histological type was determin...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Patient characteristics</title>", "<p>Twenty-two (88%) patients were men and 22 (88%) were active or former smokers and their median age was 55 years (range, 41–70). Eighteen (72%) patients had adenocarcinomas (ADC) and 21 (84%) patients had stage III or IV disease. Among the 5...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Several studies have shown that activating <italic>EGFR</italic> mutations in exons 18, 19 and 21 have been associated with a 75–95% objective response rate with EGFR TKIs, whereas the <italic>K-RAS</italic> mutations were associated with a lack of sensitivity to these agents (##R...
[]
[ "<p>In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), epidermal growth factor receptor (<italic>EGFR</italic>) and <italic>K-RAS</italic> mutations of the primary tumour are associated with responsiveness and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), respectively. However, the <italic>EGFR</italic> and <italic>K-RAS</i...
[ "<p>Lung cancer is the most frequent solid tumour and represents the leading cause of cancer death throughout the developed world. Almost 70% of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) present with locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Non-small-cell lung carcinoma is characte...
[ "<p>This study was supported by a research grant from the Cretan Association for Biomedical Research (CABR).</p>" ]
[]
[ "<table-wrap id=\"tbl1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Patient's clinicopathological characteristics</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\" border=\"1\"><colgroup><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"center\"/><col align=\"center\"/><col align=\"left\"/><col align=\"center\"/><col align=\"le...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"t1-fn1\"><p>ADC=adenocarcinoma; ADC/BAC=adenocarcinoma with bronchoalveolar features; GCC=giant cell carcinoma; LCC=large cell carcinoma; F=female; M=male; SCC=squamous carcinoma.</p></fn><fn id=\"t1-fn2\"><label>a</label><p>Stage, corresponds to that of the time of primary diagnosis.</p>...
[]
[]
[{"mixed-citation": ["Van't Veer LJ, Weigelt B ("], "year": ["2003"], "article-title": ["Road map to metastasis"], "source": ["Nat Med"], "volume": ["9"], "fpage": ["999"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
49
CC BY
no
2022-02-04 23:39:23
Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16; 99(6):923-929
oa_package/f0/b4/PMC2538768.tar.gz
PMC2542342
18706087
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>C-reactive protein (CRP) is the prototypical acute phase protein in humans [##REF##17452737##1##,##REF##16214080##2##]. It is widely used as a marker of infection, and also to aid the differentiation between a bacterial and a viral origin. Many geriatricians have the clinical impr...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Setting and selection of patients</title>", "<p>Aker University Hospital is a 350-bed hospital in Oslo, Norway, serving a population of 500 000 for urology and abdominal vascular surgery, and 180 000 for internal medicine, general surgery and psychiatry. Until the late 1990's, ...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>1150 patients had a positive blood culture with either <italic>E. coli </italic>or <italic>S. pneumoniae </italic>during the study period. Of these, 260 had no registered CRP measurement on the same day as the blood culture, reducing the number of eligible patients to 890. Of these, ...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>We were not able to confirm the hypothesis that the CRP-response in bacteraemia is age-dependent to any clinically important degree. There was a slight, though statistically significant negative correlation between age and initial CRP value as well as a higher area under the ROC c...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>We conclude that there exists a statistically significant association between age and CRP in invasive bacterial infections. However, this association may not be of a magnitude that makes it clinically important for CRP as a diagnostic tool in bacterial infections associated with a...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Ethical considerations</title>", "<p>The study was approved by the Regional Committee for Ethics in Medical Research and by the Norwegian Data Inspectorate, which gave permission to carry out the study without the patients' consent.</p>", "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>This study was financ...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We thank Professor Signe Holta Ringertz for the initial idea of design of the study and Dr. Kari Lohne at the clinical chemistry laboratory for the possibility to obtain data. We also want to thank Dr. Solve Tjora for clarifying comments on quality control of CRP analysis an...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Scatter plot of the relation between age and CRP concentration on the day of a blood culture positive for <italic>S. pneumoniae </italic>or <italic>E. coli </italic>(cases), and for the controls.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" i...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Sensitivity of a \"high\" concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) as indicator of bacteraemia by gender, species, and age</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td/><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"2\"><bold>...
[]
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[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>CI = confidence interval, p-values for between-group comparison of sensitivity (chi-square test)</p></table-wrap-foot>" ]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-4933-5-8-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-4933-5-8-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-4933-5-8-3\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Brocklehurst", "Fillit", "Tallis"], "given-names": ["JC", "H", "R"], "source": ["Brocklehurst's textbook of geriatric medicine and gerontology"], "year": ["1998"], "volume": ["Chapter 59"], "edition": ["5"], "publisher-name": ["Churchill Livingstone"], "fpage": ["841"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
30
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Immun Ageing. 2008 Aug 15; 5:8
oa_package/3c/fd/PMC2542342.tar.gz
PMC2542343
18721478
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Accommodation of the eye refers to changes in the refraction of the ocular lens in order to provide a sharp retinal image at any viewing distance of the visual target. Accommodation – like the pupil size – is controlled by the autonomous nervous system, predominantly mediated by t...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Targets and subjects</title>", "<p>The targets were composed of numbers or letters and were presented on a TFT screen as black on white numbers with a mean background luminance of 30 cd/m<sup>2</sup>. Each number/letter subtended 0.29 deg × 0.37 deg (width × height) at a viewin...
[ "<title>Results of experiments 1 to 4</title>", "<title>Experiment 1: Reading and adding within a number-matrix</title>", "<p>40 subjects were asked to read or add one-digit numbers arranged in rows and columns of a 5 × 5 number matrix (2.4 deg width × 2.8 deg height; see Figure ##FIG##0##1##); our task was clo...
[ "<title>General Discussion</title>", "<p>Accommodation depends on parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of the ciliary muscle [##UREF##0##1##,##REF##15851584##12##,##REF##3203603##42##,##REF##7208254##43##] and one might expect that accommodation will be influenced by non-optical stimuli, e.g. cognitive dem...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Our data showed that the variation of gaze direction and the correctness of task responses might have contributed – probably – to the inhomogeneity of previous results besides other aspects as instructions [##REF##2371062##5##] or initial pupil sizes (corresponding to different de...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that there is only one competing, academic interest: we are aware of the fact that we replicated accommodative changes, which other researchers published as \"cognitive-induced\". However, these effects disappeared, after possible alternative effect so...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We wish to thank Alexandra Konrad, Carola Reiffen and Ewald Alshuth for collecting the data. This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Ja 747/3-1).</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Time scheme of experiment 1</bold>. In a. the reading and in b. the adding period is shown in time-dependant details.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>Box-and-Whisker Plots ...
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[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-5751-7-6-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-5751-7-6-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-5751-7-6-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-5751-7-6-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-5751-7-6-5\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-5751-7-6-6\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-5751-7...
[]
[{"surname": ["Gilmartin", "Rosenfield M"], "given-names": ["B"], "article-title": ["Autonomic correlates of near-vision in emmetropia and myopia"], "source": ["Myopia and nearwork"], "year": ["1998"], "publisher-name": ["Gilmartin B: Butterworth-Heinemann Medical"], "fpage": ["117"], "lpage": ["146"]}, {"surname": ["Edgar"], "given-names": ["GK"], "article-title": ["Accommodation, cognition, and virtual image displays: A review of the literature"], "source": ["Displays"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["28"], "fpage": ["45"], "lpage": ["59"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/j.displa.2007.04.009"]}, {"surname": ["Edgar", "Pope", "Craig"], "given-names": ["GK", "JCD", "IR"], "article-title": ["Visual accommodation problems with head-up and helmet-mounted displays?"], "source": ["Displays"], "year": ["1994"], "volume": ["15"], "fpage": ["68"], "lpage": ["75"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/0141-9382(94)90059-0"]}, {"surname": ["Matthews", "Middleton", "Gilmartin", "Bullimore"], "given-names": ["G", "W", "B", "MA"], "article-title": ["Pupillary diameter and cognitive load"], "source": ["J Psychophysiol"], "year": ["1991"], "volume": ["5"], "fpage": ["265"], "lpage": ["271"]}, {"surname": ["Kahneman", "Beatty"], "given-names": ["D", "J"], "article-title": ["Pupillary responses in a pitch-discrimination task"], "source": ["Perception & Psychophysics"], "year": ["1967"], "volume": ["2"], "fpage": ["101"], "lpage": ["105"]}, {"surname": ["Dixon"], "given-names": ["WJ"], "source": ["Statistical Software manual"], "year": ["1992"], "publisher-name": ["Berkeley: University of California Press"]}, {"surname": ["Campbell"], "given-names": ["ME"], "article-title": ["Statistical procedures with the law of initial values"], "source": ["Journal of Psychology"], "year": ["1981"], "volume": ["108"], "fpage": ["85"], "lpage": ["101"]}, {"surname": ["Schaeffel", "Guthoff R, Ludwig K"], "given-names": ["F"], "article-title": ["Optical techniques to measure the dynamics of accommodation"], "source": ["Current Aspects of Human Accommodation II"], "year": ["2003"], "publisher-name": ["Heidelberg: Kaden Verlag"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
53
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
J Negat Results Biomed. 2008 Aug 23; 7:6
oa_package/24/ea/PMC2542343.tar.gz
PMC2542344
18718022
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Three-dimensional (3D) visualization is thought to ameliorate anatomical understanding among surgeons as well as medical students [##REF##11074877##1##, ####REF##12013693##2##, ##REF##15455893##3####15455893##3##] Better perception of anatomy improves the surgeon's ability to accu...
[]
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[]
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Even though 3D visualization is now available for a couple of organ systems, the technique must still be described as rather new [##REF##14600451##25##, ####REF##16123867##26##, ##REF##11153028##27####11153028##27##]. It has been shown in the field of liver surgery that 3D visuali...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Case presentation</title>", "<title>Description of the patient</title>", "<p>A 58-year-old male was admitted to our hospital in April 2007 with a suspected metastasis of a sigmoid cancer in the Couinaud segment (CS) 7 found during a follow-up examination using ultrasound. The patient had undergone a res...
[]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Transversal CT image of the patient's liver showing the right (arrowhead) in proximity to the tumor (arrow).</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>3D visualization of the venous anatom...
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[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1754-9493-2-19-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1754-9493-2-19-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1754-9493-2-19-3\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Masselot", "Leborgne"], "given-names": ["R", "J"], "article-title": ["Anatomical study of the hepatic veins."], "source": ["Anat Clin"], "year": ["1978"], "volume": ["1"], "fpage": ["109"], "lpage": ["125"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/BF01654491"]}, {"surname": ["Guntz"], "given-names": ["M"], "article-title": ["Anatomie et radio-anatomie"], "source": ["Trav lab Anat Fac Med"], "year": ["1959"]}, {"surname": ["Meinzer", "Thorn", "Cardenas"], "given-names": ["HP", "M", "C"], "article-title": ["Computerized planning of liver surgery - an overview."], "source": ["Computers & Graphics"], "year": ["2002"], "volume": ["26"], "fpage": ["569"], "lpage": ["576"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S0097-8493(02)00102-4"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
27
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Patient Saf Surg. 2008 Aug 21; 2:19
oa_package/d0/9b/PMC2542344.tar.gz
PMC2542345
18710560
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>The main clinical features in patients with Roberts sydrome (pseudothalidomide)are severe shortening of the limbs, with radial defects and oligodactyly or syndactyly, and a characteristic face with hypertelorism, severe cleft lip, a prominent premaxilla, a mid-face capillary haema...
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[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Typically the symptoms of phocomelia syndromes are undeveloped limbs and absent pelvic bones; however, various abnormalities can occur to the limbs and bones. Usually the upper limbs are not fully formed and sections of the \"hands and arms may be missing.\" Short arm bones, fused...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>This case report emphasizes the importance of recognizing infants born with phocomelia syndrome. Differentiating infants with Roberts-SC phocomelia from other multiple malformation syndromes that feature intercalary limb defects, including thalidomide embryopathy, TAR, and Schinze...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Case presentation</title>", "<p>A two-year-old child was referred to the department of orthopaedics to asssess his multiple malformation complex. The mother was a 27-year old primigarvida woman married to a31-year-old related man (first cousins). Parents did not report any history of congenital abnormalit...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We thank the parents for their remarkable cooperation.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Craniofacial abnormalities such as sparse silvery blond hair, prominent frontal bones, hypertelorism, shallow orbits, prominent eyes, a median cleft lip and palate, micrognathia, hypoplastic alae nasi, small and low set ears associated with sever...
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[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-109-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-109-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-109-3\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Roberts"], "given-names": ["JB"], "article-title": ["A child with double cleft of lip and palate, protrusion of the intermaxillary portion of the upper jaw and imperfect development of the bones of the four extremities"], "source": ["Ann Surg"], "year": ["1919"], "volume": ["70"], "fpage": ["252"], "pub-id": ["10.1097/00000658-191911000-00017"]}, {"surname": ["Herrmann", "Feingold", "Tuffli", "Opitz"], "given-names": ["J", "M", "GA", "JM"], "article-title": ["A familial dysmorphogenetic syndrome of limb deformities, characteristic facial appearance and associated anomalies: the 'pseudothalidomide' or 'SC-syndrome'"], "source": ["Birth Defects Orig Art Ser"], "year": ["1969"], "volume": ["V"], "fpage": ["81"], "lpage": ["89"]}, {"article-title": ["Pharmaceutical Teratogens.\" Teratology Society \u2013 Birth Defects Research. 08 December 2007"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
15
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Cases J. 2008 Aug 18; 1:109
oa_package/c9/e4/PMC2542345.tar.gz
PMC2542346
18771598
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>An aneurysm of the subclavian artery is uncommon. In the younger age group the cause is usually due to thoracic outlet compression often due to an extraneous cervical rib. One such exceptional case of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome presenting in a young man is described below.<...
[]
[]
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>True subclavian artery aneurysms are relatively rare lesions, accounting for approximately 0.13% of all aneurysms [##REF##9544142##1##,##REF##15920658##2##]. Atherosclerotic aneurysms are more commonly found in males over the age of 60 years [##UREF##0##3##,##UREF##1##4##]. Thorac...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Cervical rib leading to subclavian artery aneurysms should always be included in the differential diagnosis of an acutely ischaemic hand. It is a rare event especially in the young adult. This report illustrates the importance and difficulty of correctly diagnosing a rare patholog...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Case presentation</title>", "<p>A, healthy 25 year old Asian male presented with a 3 day history of sudden onset worsening pain of the right forearm and hand. He was a non-smoker with no history of trauma and no past medical history of note. On examination, he had classical signs of acute limb ischaemia c...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>Vascular surgical secretary of RP for obtaining patient notes post-discharge.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Right Brachial arteriogram (A) Occlusion of the brachial artery with an abrupt cut-off point. (B) Saccular aneurysm arising from the mid right subclavian artery; The first image (A) is of the Right brachial artery, its is an arteriogram and was t...
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[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-140-1\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Rutherford"], "given-names": ["RB"], "source": ["Vascular Surgery"], "year": ["2005"], "edition": ["6"], "publisher-name": ["America: Elsevier Saunders"], "fpage": ["1552"], "lpage": ["1557"]}, {"surname": ["Hallett", "Mills", "Earnshaw", "Reekers"], "given-names": ["JW", "JL", "J", "JA"], "source": ["Comprehensive Vascular and Endovascular surgery"], "year": ["2004"], "publisher-name": ["London: Mosby"], "fpage": ["485"], "lpage": ["489"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
7
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Cases J. 2008 Sep 4; 1:140
oa_package/06/fa/PMC2542346.tar.gz
PMC2542347
18718020
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Nocardia organism is filamentous gram positive rods. They are aerobic. Human pathogens infect by inhalation of airborne bacilli or the traumatic inoculation of organism into skin. Overall 80% present as invasive pulmonary infection, disseminated disease abscess; 20% present as cel...
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[]
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>In this report, we present a rare case of a non-immunocompromised patient with old Tuberculosis but she has been on low dose of steroids. Nocardia is a weakly aerobic gram positive acid fast, filamentous bacteria. They are an important opportunistic infection in elderly and immuno...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Pulmonary bronchiectasis is difficult to diagnose, which delays its diagnosis and a high level of suspicion is required in patients with underlying chronic condition or chronic steroid use [##REF##9230244##3##]. Nocardia when involves the central nervous system leads to a poor pro...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Case presentation</title>", "<p>An 80 year old non-smoker white female was admitted with shortness of breath and cough with purulent sputum. Relevant past history of polymyalgia rheumatica, for which she was on regular low dose steroids. She also informed past history of Tuberculosis (in 1951) treated in ...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>Written consent has been obtained from the patient for submission of this manuscript and figures for publication. Funding was neither sought nor obtained.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Chest X-ray showing consolidation and bronchiectatic changes.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>C<bold>T scan showing bronchiectatic cavity of old tuberculosis which grew Nocardia.</bold...
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[]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-122-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-122-2\"/>" ]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
4
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Cases J. 2008 Aug 21; 1:122
oa_package/1e/aa/PMC2542347.tar.gz
PMC2542348
18775067
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>The microembolic injury is one of the determining factors to cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery [##REF##8023354##1##] as hypoperfusion, iper-rewarming and inflammation due to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) [##REF##15920636##2##].</p>", "<p>In literature the transcranial...
[]
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>No significant microembolic activity was recorded until the extracorporeal circulation started. After the aorta was clamped and cardioplegic perfusion made, the surgeon opened and mechanically fixed the left atrial wall to visualize the mitral valve. During this time the TCD revealed...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Several studies have demonstrated the impact of microemboli during CPB on postoperative neurological dysfunction [##REF##8023354##1##,##REF##9124978##7##].</p>", "<p>TCD is capable of detecting microembolic material, both gaseous and solid, within the intracranial cerebral arter...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>The TEE monitoring of the descending thoracic aorta during the CPB seems to be an alternative method in respect to TCD to assess the microembolic activity and could be a new approach to monitor the efficiency of the surgical team and of the bypass circuit regarding the systemic ga...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Case presentation</title>", "<p>A 58 year old male patient with severe mitral valve insufficiency was scheduled for a minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) repair which consists of a video assist right minithoracotomy.</p>", "<p>His past medical history included uncontrolled hypertension, dysl...
[]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Gas bubbles like foam in the venous return line.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>MES from TCD obtained with double sampling boxes placed over the two middle cerebral arteries.</p></cap...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Gaseous and solid MES differentiation on the left and right meddle cerebral arteries.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\">Left</td><td align=\"center\">Right</td><td align=\"center\">To...
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Movie 1. Simultaneously recording of EEG, microbubbles with 3d TEE and MES with TCD during CPB. The audio is from the TCD: is it possible to distinguish the sound from MES and the one from blood flow because o...
[]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-141-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-141-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-141-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-141-4\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-141-S1.AVI\" mimetype=\"text\" mime-subtype=\"plain\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>" ]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
12
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Cases J. 2008 Sep 5; 1:141
oa_package/3a/a1/PMC2542348.tar.gz
PMC2542349
18713456
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Dietary supplements, herbs, and vitamins are used widely among HIV-infected patients [##REF##11304425##1##]. However, the safety or efficacy of many of these therapies has not been formally evaluated.</p>", "<p>These agents are often used among HIV-infected patients to prevent o...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Study Participants</title>", "<p>Healthy volunteers, male and female, 18–64 years of age, were recruited through newspaper advertisement, flyers and word of mouth. Exclusion criteria included a history of nephrolithiasis, use of any prescription medications, over the counter me...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Preclinical Studies</title>", "<p>In <italic>ob/ob </italic>mice receiving AG extract, fasting glucose concentrations decreased (Baseline vs Day 12; 235 ± 11 mg/dL vs 193 ± 9 mg/dL, between group t-test, p = 0.003), but remained constant in the vehicle-treated group (243 ± 10 m...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>In this prospective study of healthy volunteers, we found that 14 days of co-administration of AG did not significantly impact IDV PK. We also found that, although IDV acutely reduced insulin sensitivity by an average of 15%, AG did not change insulin sensitivity in IDV-treated he...
[]
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>Drs. Dobs, Parsons, Caballero, and Yuan declared that they have no competing interests. Dr. Hendrix received research support from Merck and Company. Dr. Andrade served as a consultant for Abbott Laboratories. Dr. Brown served as a consultant or has received research supp...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We would like to thank Chryssanthi Stylianopoulos, PhD and Margia Arguello for their technical expertise in measuring glucose during the insulin clamp procedure and Alice Ryan, PhD for her guidance with the insulin clamp procedure. We are thankful to Andrea Weiss for dispens...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Fasting Glucose Concentrations in Leptin-Deficient (<italic>ob/ob</italic>) Mice Treated with AG-Extract (250 mg/kg) and Vehicle Over 12 Days (n = 6 in both groups).</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</labe...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\"><bold>Subject #</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold>Race</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold>Age (ye...
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[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>AA – African-American; W-White</p></table-wrap-foot>" ]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1472-6882-8-50-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1472-6882-8-50-2\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Yanchi"], "given-names": ["L"], "source": ["The Essential Book of Traditional Chinese Medicine"], "year": ["1988"], "publisher-name": ["New York, Columbia University Press"], "fpage": ["127"]}, {"surname": ["Henderson", "Harkey", "Gershwin", "Hackman", "Stern", "Stresser"], "given-names": ["GL", "MR", "ME", "RM", "JS", "DM"], "article-title": ["Effects of ginseng components on c-DNA-expressed cytochrome P450 enzyme catalytic activity"], "source": ["Life Sci"], "year": ["1999"], "volume": ["65"], "fpage": ["L209"], "lpage": ["L214"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00407-5"]}, {"surname": ["Smith", "Lin", "Zheng"], "given-names": ["M", "KM", "YP"], "article-title": ["An open trial of nifedipine-herb interactions: nifedipine with St. John's wort, ginseng or ginkgo biloba"], "source": ["Clin Pharm Therap"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["9"], "fpage": ["86"]}, {"surname": ["Noor", "Park", "Lee", "Schwarz", "Lee", "Wen", "Lo", "Mulligan", "Schambelan", "Grunfeld"], "given-names": ["MA", "SY", "GA", "JM", "J", "M", "JC", "K", "M", "C"], "article-title": ["Indinavir increases hepatic glucose production in healthy HIV-negative men"], "source": ["Antivir Ther"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["8"], "fpage": ["L9"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
46
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2008 Aug 19; 8:50
oa_package/08/e6/PMC2542349.tar.gz
PMC2542350
18721487
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Lactational mastitis is a painful, debilitating condition that can adversely affect mothers in their efforts to breastfeed their babies [##REF##9699467##1##,##REF##12019051##2##]. Despite being a relatively common complication of lactation, surprisingly few studies documenting the...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<p>Study participants were recruited from women who had given birth at the Princess Royal Maternity Hospital in Glasgow between April 2004 and January 2005. Women who were breastfeeding at the time of recruitment and had delivered a full-term, healthy singleton were eligible to particip...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>During the study period 1141 breastfeeding women were identified. Of these, 183 were missed or discharged prior to completion of recruitment and 372 did not meet the eligibility criteria. The remaining 586 women were invited to participate and of these 40 women refused to participate...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The incidence of mastitis reported in this study is comparable to the incidence rates of 17.3% and 20% reported in recent Australian studies [##REF##9699467##1##,##REF##9785526##6##,##REF##1957190##10##]. The only other study of Scottish women identified was conducted in the 1940s...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>The findings of this study suggest that one in six women may develop lactational mastitis. While most women receive appropriate management advice from health professionals, a clinically significant number of women are advised to stop breastfeeding from the affected breast or to st...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>JAS designed the study, analysed data and drafted the manuscript. MR analysed data. JF and CK contributed to the design of the study. SM collected the data. A...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>The authors acknowledge the willing assistance given by the mothers participating in this study. They would like to thank Catherine Fetherston for assistance with the development of the Mastitis Case Questionnaire and the Journal Editor and Reviewers for their helpful commen...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Proportion (%) of episodes of mastitis occurring in each time period (n = 57).</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Duration of breastfeeding, by mastitis (n = 420).</p></caption></fig>" ]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of women (n = 420)</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Characteristics</bold></td><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"2\"><bold>No mastitis (n = 346)</bold></td><td align=\"ce...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Mastitis Case Questionnaire.</p></caption></supplementary-material>" ]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>1 </sup>Percentages may not total 100 due to rounding</p><p><sup>2 </sup>Where 1 = least deprived group and 7 = most deprived</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>Percentages add to more than 100 as some women may have received more than one form of advice</p></table-wrap-foot>" ...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1746-4358-3-21-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1746-4358-3-21-2\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1746-4358-3-21-S1.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"collab": ["SPSS Inc."], "source": ["SPSS for Windows"], "year": ["2007"], "edition": ["Version 15"], "publisher-name": ["Chicago, Illinois, USA "]}, {"surname": ["Fulton"], "given-names": ["AA"], "article-title": ["Incidence of puerperal and lactational mastitis in an industrial town of some 43,000 inhabitants"], "source": ["BMJ"], "year": ["1956"], "volume": ["May 19"], "fpage": ["693"], "lpage": ["696"]}, {"collab": ["NHS Direct"], "article-title": ["Mastitis: treatment"], "source": ["Online Health Encyclopaedia"], "fpage": ["http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articles/article.aspx?articleId=242&sectionId=11504"]}, {"collab": ["World Health Organization"], "source": ["Mastitis: Causes and management. Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. WHO/FCH/CAH/00.13"], "year": ["2000"], "publisher-name": ["Geneva "]}, {"collab": ["The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine"], "article-title": ["Protocol #4: Mastitis"], "year": ["2002"]}, {"collab": ["General Registrar Office for Scotland"], "source": ["Vital events reference tables 2004: Section 3 Births"], "publisher-name": ["Edinburgh "], "fpage": ["http://www.gro"], "lpage": ["scotland.gov.uk/statistics/publications-and-data/vital-events/vital-events-reference-tables-2004/section-3-births.html"]}, {"surname": ["Bolling", "Grant", "Hamlyn", "Thornton"], "given-names": ["K", "C", "B", "A"], "source": ["Infant Feeding Survey 2005"], "year": ["2007"], "publisher-name": ["London , Government Statistical Service. The Information Centre"]}, {"collab": ["Royal Women's Hospital (Melbourne)"], "article-title": ["Clinical Practice Guidelines. Mastitis: lactational"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
21
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Int Breastfeed J. 2008 Aug 25; 3:21
oa_package/11/68/PMC2542350.tar.gz
PMC2542351
18771594
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>As a \"barometer\" for cardiovascular health status, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) provides a bioassay for <italic>in vivo </italic>endothelial function [##UREF##0##1##]. The evidence supporting the dependency of FMD on the endothelium is based on the observation th...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Subjects</title>", "<p>Twenty healthy, physically active young adults (10 men, 10 women) volunteered for this study. All subjects were free of recognized cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic diseases, non-hypertensive (resting blood pressure &lt; 140/80 mm Hg), non-obese (bo...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>Demographic information of the subjects is summarized in Table ##TAB##0##1##. No effect of sex was found in any of the main outcome variables (SS60sec<sub>AUC</sub>, peak FMD response, FMD:SS<sub>AUC </sub>ratio), thus data were pooled across sex. Table ##TAB##1##2## displays mean ba...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Given that reactive hyperemia varies among individuals and populations [##REF##16051630##15##], the FMD outcome is reflective of both conduit artery endothelial function and magnitude of the hyperemic stimulus. Normalization of FMD to SS<sub>AUC </sub>has recently been proposed [#...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>The significance of the present findings is notable. Our results support the view of Pyke and Tschakovsky [##REF##17170205##16##], the original advocates of FMD normalization to SS<sub>AUC </sub>approach. The obvious lack of compliance to the recent guidelines in the clinical lite...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>JP designed the study, recruited the subjects, collected the data, analyzed the data, and wrote the original manuscript draft. BDJ and DPW assisted in data co...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>The authors thank all the subjects for their time, effort, and willingness to participate in the study. This research was supported in part by the IU Graduate Student Research Grant-in-Aid, the IU HPER Research Grant-in-Aid, and the IU AAU/Bell-Updyke-Willett Kinesiology Res...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Experimental set-up.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Analysis of brachial diameter and velocity (using the edge-detection Brachial Analyzer software) of a representative subject immedi...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demographic characteristics of the subjects.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Variable</td><td align=\"center\">Value</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">N</td><td align=\"center...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>Values are mean ± SEM.</p><p><sup>1 </sup>Aerobic physical activity of moderate intensity for 30 min or more.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>Values are means ± SEM. P value indicates the one-way ANOVA comparing the five baseline periods.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-fo...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1476-7120-6-44-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1476-7120-6-44-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1476-7120-6-44-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1476-7120-6-44-4\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Corretti", "Anderson", "Benjamin", "Celermajer", "Charbonneau", "Creager", "Deanfield", "Drexler", "Gehard-Herman", "Herrington", "Vallance", "Vita", "Vogel"], "given-names": ["MC", "TJ", "EJ", "D", "F", "MA", "J", "H", "M", "D", "P", "J", "R"], "article-title": ["Guidelines for the Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery"], "source": ["Journal of American College of Cardiology"], "year": ["2002"], "volume": ["39"], "fpage": ["257"], "lpage": ["265"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01746-6"]}, {"surname": ["Anderson", "Uehata", "Gerhard"], "given-names": ["TJ", "A", "MD"], "article-title": ["Close relationship of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations"], "source": ["Journal of American College of Cardiology"], "year": ["1995"], "volume": ["26"], "fpage": ["1235"], "lpage": ["1241"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/0735-1097(95)00327-4"]}, {"surname": ["Widlansky", "Gocke", "Keaney", "Vita"], "given-names": ["ME", "N", "JF", "JA"], "article-title": ["The clinical implications of endothelial dysfunction"], "source": ["Journal of American College of Cardiology"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["42"], "fpage": ["1149"], "lpage": ["1160"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00994-X"]}, {"surname": ["Zhou", "Fujita", "Yamamoto"], "given-names": ["WT", "M", "S"], "article-title": ["Thermoregulatory responses and blood viscosity in dehydrated heat-exposed broilers (Gallus domesticus)"], "source": ["Journal of Thermal Biology"], "year": ["1999"], "volume": ["24"], "fpage": ["185"], "lpage": ["192"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S0306-4565(99)00010-8"]}, {"surname": ["Tanaka", "Shimizu", "Ohmori", "Muraoka", "Kumagai", "Yoshizawa", "Kagaya"], "given-names": ["H", "S", "F", "Y", "M", "M", "A"], "article-title": ["Increases in blood flow and shear stress to nonworking limbs during incremental exercise"], "source": ["Medicine and Science of Sport and Exercise"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["38"], "fpage": ["81"], "lpage": ["85"], "pub-id": ["10.1249/01.mss.0000191166.81789.de"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
26
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2008 Sep 4; 6:44
oa_package/8c/4b/PMC2542351.tar.gz
PMC2542352
18710576
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Palliative care is expected to be holistic and multidisciplinary; it is provided to both the patient and their family [##UREF##0##1##]. Effective communication between the patient, the family and health care providers is integral to optimal palliative care. One method of facilitat...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<p>Key questions guiding the development of the guidelines were: (a) How should family meetings be convened and structured? (b) What content is essential? and (c) Who should attend and lead them?</p>", "<p>Development of the guidelines was based on the following three methods: (1) A l...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Literature Review</title>", "<p>The literature search revealed only three published articles in peer reviewed journals specifically related to family meetings in the specialist palliative care setting [##REF##15662189##2##,##REF##16128661##3##,##UREF##2##7##]. Due to the limite...
[ "<title>Discussion and Conclusion</title>", "<p>Family meetings provide an ideal avenue to inform, deliberate, clarify and set goals for future care, based on discussions between health professionals and the patient and family. While there is consensus in the literature that family meetings are necessary and valu...
[ "<title>Discussion and Conclusion</title>", "<p>Family meetings provide an ideal avenue to inform, deliberate, clarify and set goals for future care, based on discussions between health professionals and the patient and family. While there is consensus in the literature that family meetings are necessary and valu...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>PH was the principal investigator for the study and was awarded a Postdoctoral Research Grant to undertake the project. He oversaw the grant application, mana...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>• Nurses Board of Victoria for the Mona Menzies Postdoctoral Research Grant awarded to Dr Peter Hudson</p>", "<p>• Project officers: Dr Tina Thomas and Dr Colleen Nordstrom</p>", "<p>• Expert panel members: Dr Maxine Braithwaite; Ms Helen Kean; Dr Tamsin Bryan; Dr Carrie...
[]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Clinical Practice Guidelines for Conducting Family Meetings in Palliative Care</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>1. Preparing for a family meeting</bold></td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>Note: Publishers please aware that when inserting this box in the body of the text the ordering of the citations and reference list will need to be adjusted accordingly</p></table-wrap-foot>" ]
[]
[]
[{"collab": ["World Health Organization"], "source": ["Cancer Pain Release"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["17"], "publisher-name": ["Wisconsin , World Health Organisation"], "fpage": ["12"]}, {"surname": ["Doyle", "Hanks", "MacDonald"], "given-names": ["D", "GWC", "N"], "source": ["Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine"], "year": ["2003"], "edition": ["3rd"], "publisher-name": ["Oxford , Oxford University Press."]}, {"surname": ["Ambuel", "Weissman"], "given-names": ["B", "DE"], "article-title": ["Fast fact and concept #016: Conducting a family conference"]}, {"collab": ["Therapeutic Guidelines"], "source": ["Palliative Care"], "year": ["2005"], "edition": ["2nd"], "publisher-name": ["Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd : Melbourne"], "fpage": ["371"]}, {"surname": ["Bonjean", "Bonjean", "Kovach CR"], "given-names": ["MJ", "RD"], "article-title": ["Working with the Family"], "source": ["Late-stage dementia care A basic guide"], "year": ["1997"], "publisher-name": [" Taylor & Francis"], "fpage": ["171"], "lpage": ["187"]}, {"surname": ["Wright", "Leahey"], "given-names": ["LM", "M"], "source": ["Nurses and families: A guide to family assessment and intervention"], "year": ["2005"], "edition": ["4th edition"], "publisher-name": ["Philadelphia , F.A. Davis Company"]}, {"surname": ["Marchand", "Kushner"], "given-names": ["L", "K"], "article-title": ["Getting to the heart of the family conference: The residents' perspective"], "source": ["Families, Systems & Health"], "year": ["1997"], "volume": ["15"], "fpage": ["305"], "lpage": ["319"], "pub-id": ["10.1037/h0089833"]}, {"surname": ["Curtis", "Engelberg", "Wenrich", "Shannon", "Treece", "Rubenfield"], "given-names": ["JR", "RA", "MD", "SE", "PD", "GD"], "article-title": ["Missed opportunities during family conferences about end-of-life care in the intensive care unit"], "source": ["Amercian Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["171"], "fpage": ["844"], "lpage": ["849"], "pub-id": ["10.1164/rccm.200409-1267OC"]}, {"surname": ["Lazarus", "Folkman"], "given-names": ["R", "S"], "source": ["Stress, appraisal, and coping"], "year": ["1984"], "publisher-name": ["NY, USA , Springer Publishing Co"], "fpage": ["445"]}, {"surname": ["Talmon"], "given-names": ["M"], "source": ["Single session therapy: maximising the effect of the first (and often only) therapeutic encounter "], "year": ["1990"], "publisher-name": ["San Fransico , Jossey-Bass Publishers"]}, {"surname": ["Boyhan"], "given-names": ["P"], "article-title": ["Clients perceptions of single session consultations as an option to waiting for family therapy "], "source": ["Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy"], "year": ["1996"], "volume": ["17"], "fpage": ["85"], "lpage": ["96"]}, {"surname": ["Hampson", "O'Hanlon", "Franklin", "Pentony", "Fridgant", "Heins"], "given-names": ["R", "J", "A", "M", "L", "T"], "article-title": ["The place of single family consultations: five years experience in Canberra"], "source": ["Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy"], "year": ["1999"], "volume": ["20"], "fpage": ["195"], "lpage": ["200"]}, {"surname": ["Campbell"], "given-names": ["A"], "article-title": ["Single session interventions: an example of clinical research in practice"], "source": ["Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy"], "year": ["1999"], "volume": ["20"], "fpage": ["183"], "lpage": ["194"]}, {"surname": ["Perkins"], "given-names": ["R"], "article-title": ["The effectiveness of one session of therapy using a single session therapy approach for children and adolescents with mental health problems"], "source": ["Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["79"], "fpage": ["215"], "lpage": ["227"], "pub-id": ["10.1348/147608305X60523"]}, {"surname": ["Wynne", "McDaniel", "Weber"], "given-names": ["L", "S", "T"], "article-title": ["Professional politics, and the concepts of family therapy, family consultation and systems"], "source": ["Consultation Family Process"], "year": ["1987"], "volume": ["26"], "fpage": ["153"], "lpage": ["166"], "pub-id": ["10.1111/j.1545-5300.1987.00153.x"]}, {"surname": ["Wynne"], "given-names": ["L"], "article-title": ["The rationale for consultation with the families of schizophrenic patients"], "source": ["Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"], "year": ["1994"], "volume": ["90"], "fpage": ["125"], "lpage": ["132"], "pub-id": ["10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05901.x"]}, {"surname": ["Marsh", "Marsh D"], "given-names": ["D"], "article-title": ["Familly intervention strategies: family consultation"], "source": ["Serious Mental Illness and The Family: The Practitioner's Guide"], "year": ["1998"], "publisher-name": ["New York , Wiley, John & Sons"], "fpage": ["137"], "lpage": ["157"]}, {"surname": ["Bernheim", "Lefley H, Wasow M"], "given-names": ["K"], "article-title": ["Determining and implementing the family service plan "], "source": ["Helping families cope with mental illness"], "year": ["1994"], "publisher-name": [" Harwood"], "fpage": ["147"], "lpage": ["160"]}, {"collab": ["National Breast Cancer Centre"], "source": ["Clinical practice guidelines for the psychosocial care of adults with cancer"], "year": ["2003"], "publisher-name": ["Canberra , National Health and Medical Research Council"]}, {"surname": ["Young", "Weir", "Rycroft", "Whittle"], "given-names": ["J", "S", "P", "T"], "source": ["Single session work: Implementation resource parcel"], "year": ["2006"], "publisher-name": [" The Bouverie Centre, Latrobe University"]}, {"surname": ["Hudson"], "given-names": ["P"], "source": ["Supporting a person who requires palliative care: A guide for family and friends."], "year": ["2004"], "publisher-name": ["Melbourne, Palliative Care Victoria"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
42
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Palliat Care. 2008 Aug 19; 7:12
oa_package/ff/89/PMC2542352.tar.gz
PMC2542353
18782441
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Over the last 10 years the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected children has resulted in noticeable benefit as indicated by increased survival [##REF##14758118##1##,##REF##12553485##2##]. However, poor adherence to prescriptions and the high rates of virus replicati...
[ "<title>Patients and methods</title>", "<title>Patients and controls</title>", "<p>Informed consent was obtained, in accordance with institutional review board guidelines for the protection of human subjects, from parents or legal guardians of 33 subjects with perinatal HIV infection (age: from 2 up to 19 years...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Clinical and immune features of perinatally HIV- infected patients</title>", "<p>We evaluated pDC number and function in a population of 33 perinatally HIV-infected patients, 17 of them were female and 16 male. CD4<sup>+ </sup>T lymphocytes ranged from 18.6% to 43.4% (median of...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The relationship between pDC and CD4<sup>+ </sup>cells is based on numerous concordant observations. Following HIV infection, both cell subsets decrease to levels associated with increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections [##REF##11683579##24##]. Due to the fact that pDC...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Although the interpretation of an elevated MxA level should be made on the basis of the complete clinical and laboratory data, our results indicate that the analysis of MxA may represent a valuable tool for the management of ART in perinatal HIV infection.</p>" ]
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>" ]
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p><italic>Financial Support</italic>. This work was supported by grants from \"VI Programma Nazionale di Ricerca sull'AIDS 2006\" (Istituto Superiore di Sanità) to LI, PRIN 2007ACZMMZ_005, EU Grant FP7 HLH-cure (project n. 201461) and Fondazione Cariplo NOBEL Grant to RB, and ...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>(A) Correlation of pDC with age and (B) with CD4<sup>+ </sup>cell number in ART-treated HIV<sup>+ </sup>patients. (C)</bold> Percentage and number of pDC in ART-treated HIV<sup>+ </sup>children and in age-matched controls (CTRL). <bold>(D)<...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Clinical and immunological features of HIV-infected children</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\"><bold>Patient ID</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold>Age (years)</bold></td><td align=\"cen...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a</sup>Children with HCV co-infection</p></table-wrap-foot>" ]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5876-6-49-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5876-6-49-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5876-6-49-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5876-6-49-4\"/>" ]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
51
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
J Transl Med. 2008 Sep 9; 6:49
oa_package/95/8e/PMC2542353.tar.gz
PMC2542354
18717987
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Overlapping genes were found in all cellular domains of life, as well as in viruses [##REF##15680581##1##, ####REF##17900620##2##, ##REF##17877818##3####17877818##3##]. Overlapping genes are thought to have unique evolutionary constraints [##REF##10937248##4##,##REF##692657##5##] ...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<p>Data of overlapping genes from 167 bacterial genomes that employ the universal genetic code were acquired from the BPhyOG overlapping-genes database [##REF##17650344##14##]. Same-strand overlapping genes in each genome were classified according to phase and the length of the intersec...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>We identified 71,210 same-strand overlapping gene pairs (Table ##TAB##0##1##). Short overlaps (of length two or five bases) are rare in phase 1. In our sample, we found only 18 phase-1 short overlaps (0.08%, Table ##TAB##0##1##). In contrast, the majority of phase-2 overlaps are of l...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Understanding the distribution of overlapping genes in different phases is a key step towards distinguishing between the effects of selection and mutation on the evolution of overlapping genes. Krakauer [##REF##10937248##4##] showed that overlapping genes in different orientations...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>1. The phase-distribution of same-strand overlapping genes in bacteria is determined by the frame-shift frequencies of start and stop codons in protein-coding genes.</p>", "<p>2. The predominance of long phase-1 overlaps results from a lower frequency of start codons in phase 2 ...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>NS performed the analyses and wrote the draft manuscript. DG and GL contributed to the interpretation of the results and the final version.</p>", "<title>Re...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>This article is dedicated to Prof. Lev Fishelson on his 85th birthday. We thank Dr. Yingqin Luo for providing the data from the BPhyOG. This work was supported in part by grant DBI-0543342 from the National Science Foundation. We thank the three reviewers for their construct...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Orientations and phases of gene overlap. Genes can overlap on the same strand and on the opposite strand. The reference gene in a pair of overlapping genes is called phase 0. Same-strand overlaps can be in two phases (1 and 2); opposite-strand ov...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Number of same-strand overlapping genes.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\">Short overlaps (1–5 bases)</td><td align=\"center\">Long overlaps (7 bases or more)</td><td align=\"center\"...
[ "<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\" name=\"1745-6150-3-36-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>f</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:sem...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>We used 167 bacterial genomes from Luo et al. [##REF##17650344##14##]. Nine genomes GenBank:<ext-link ext-link-type=\"gen\" xlink:href=\"NC_000908\">NC_000908</ext-link>, GenBank:<ext-link ext-link-type=\"gen\" xlink:href=\"NC_000912\">NC_000912</ext-link>, GenBank:<ext-link ext-link-type=\"gen...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1745-6150-3-36-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1745-6150-3-36-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1745-6150-3-36-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1745-6150-3-36-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1745-6150-3-36-5\"/>" ]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
21
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Biol Direct. 2008 Aug 21; 3:36
oa_package/b5/6b/PMC2542354.tar.gz
PMC2542355
18775064
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Fatigue is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis [##REF##9007405##1##, ####REF##8180914##2##, ##REF##6703889##3##, ##REF##8929171##4##, ##REF##12051465##5####12051465##5##], reported by around three-quarters of affected patients [##REF##6703889##3##], and considered one of the ...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<p>This study was a prospective, observational, non-interventional study of patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis treated with glatiramer acetate conducted in Germany. 130 ambulatory and hospital neurologists participated in the study. The study was performed between Nove...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Study sample</title>", "<p>A total of 338 patients were included in the study. Of these, 53 were excluded from the analysis due to a protocol violation (24 patients treated previously with an immunomodulatory therapy and 29 patients for whom certain data were recorded retrospec...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>In this study, immunomodulatory treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with glatiramer acetate was associated with a reduction in subjective perceptions of fatigue and with the numbers of days taken off work due to illness. We observed a reduction of approximately one...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>In conclusion, this non-interventional prospective study demonstrated that treatment with glatiramer acetate was associated with a reduction in patient-reported fatigue ratings and in days missing from work, concomitant with an improvement in clinical manifestations of disease act...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>JH and RA are employed by TEVA Germany. TZ has received honoraria and financial compensation by Bayer Healthcare, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis and Teva. SK has received honoraria and financial compensation by Bayer Healthcare, Biogen Idec, Sanofi-Aven...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>This was an investigator-driven, only observational study supported by an unrestricted grant by TEVA Germany, purveyors of glatiramer acetate. The unrestricted grant was spent for the production of the study material, distribution, compensation of the subinvestigator, collec...
[]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients at inclusion</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\">Population (N = 291)</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">Age (mean ± SD;...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>ARR: annualised relapse rate: EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale; SD: standard deviation.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>Data are presented as number of patients (%) for relapses and as mean ± SD for Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores. The asterisk indicates a si...
[]
[]
[{"surname": ["Jackson", "Quaal", "Reeves"], "given-names": ["MF", "C", "MA"], "article-title": ["Effects of multiple sclerosis on occupational and career patterns"], "source": ["Axone (Dartmouth, NS)"], "year": ["1991"], "volume": ["13"], "fpage": ["16"], "lpage": ["17"], "comment": ["20-12."]}, {"collab": ["Multiple Sclerosis Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines"], "source": ["Fatigue and multiple sclerosis: evidence-based management strategies for fatigue in multiple sclerosis"], "year": ["1998"], "publisher-name": ["Washington DC: Paralyzed Veterans of America"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage": ["33"]}, {"surname": ["Khan", "Shen", "Bao", "Caon", "Tselis", "Latif", "Zak"], "given-names": ["O", "Y", "F", "C", "A", "Z", "I"], "article-title": ["Long-Term Study of Brain (1)H-MRS Study in Multiple Sclerosis: Effect of Glatiramer Acetate Therapy on Axonal Metabolic Function and Feasibility of Long-Term (1)H-MRS Monitoring in Multiple Sclerosis"], "source": ["J Neuroimaging"], "year": ["2007"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
36
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2008 Sep 5; 6:67
oa_package/0f/7f/PMC2542355.tar.gz
PMC2542356
18687151
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Various methods have been developed for predicting human pharmacokinetics, including Dedrick's approach, non-compartment analysis, and an in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) approach used for drug discovery. Dedrick's approach is an animal scaling-up method, which is used to ex...
[ "<title>Materials and methods</title>", "<title>Experimentation and data collection</title>", "<p>Fourteen drugs with various physicochemical properties were selected for this study. Tolbutamide [##REF##3938813##11##, ####REF##15771236##12##, ##REF##7175701##13####7175701##13##] and diclofenac [##REF##15771236#...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>A generic WBPBPK model and the single adjusting compartment (SAC)-WBPBPK model were constructed with parameters that depended on each compound. The precision of predictions was confirmed for each model. The influence of the following two factors on the precision of simulation of huma...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<title>Investigation of the lack of precision in simulations of human pharmacokinetics using the generic WBPBPK model</title>", "<p>This study was conducted to clarify the main cause of the poor predictions obtained with the generic WBPBPK model and to enable a model to be construc...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Incorporation of a SAC into a generic WBPBPK model, as performed in this study, significantly improved the precision of predictions of human pharmacokinetics. For the first time, failure to account for certain physiological parameters was identified as a major problem in previous ...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>HA conceived the idea, developed the model, performed the analysis, and drafted the manuscript. SI and WH assisted in the analysis and preparation of the manu...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>The authors wish to thank Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. for allowing us to perform this study. We also thank Mr. Yoshiaki Kitamura for helpful discussions. Dr. Paul S Agutter is thanked for improving and editing our manuscript.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Concept of the SAC-WBPBPK model</bold>. The compartment \"other organs\" contained brain, muscle, adipose tissue and bone. Pancreas and bone were not incorporated in the 8-organ model, and adipose tissue and muscle were omitted from the 6-o...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Pharmacokinetic parameters of various compounds used as inputs for each WBPBPK model simulation</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Compound</td><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"7\">Rat</td><td ...
[ "<disp-formula id=\"bmcM1\"><label>(1)</label><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\" name=\"1742-4682-5-19-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>h</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>d</m...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p><sup><italic>a</italic></sup>R<sub>B </sub>(blood-plasma concentration ratio) assumed to be 1 when there were no data in the literature.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>+: WBPBPK model with SAC, -: WBPBPK model without SAC.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>N/A: not ...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-4682-5-19-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-4682-5-19-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-4682-5-19-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-4682-5-19-4\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Reddy"], "given-names": ["MB"], "source": ["Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling: Science And Applications"], "year": ["2005"], "publisher-name": ["Wiley Interscience: John Wiley & Sons, Inc"]}, {"article-title": ["The european agency for the evaluation of medicinal products veterinary medicines and inspections. Committee for veterinary medicinal products, diclofenac, summary report"], "source": ["EMEA"], "comment": ["2003, September: 1\u20139."]}, {"article-title": ["Voltaren"], "sup": ["\u00ae"]}, {"surname": ["Grace", "Edwards", "Mather", "Lin", "Power"], "given-names": ["RF", "SR", "LE", "Y", "I"], "article-title": ["Central and peripheral tissue distribution of diclofenac after subcutaneous injection in the rat"], "source": ["Inflammopharmacology"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["8"], "fpage": ["43"], "lpage": ["54"], "pub-id": ["10.1023/B:INFL.0000041131.54496.51"]}, {"article-title": ["Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., in house data"]}, {"surname": ["Bryskier"], "given-names": ["A"], "source": ["Antimicrobial Agents: Antibacterials and Antifungals"], "year": ["2005"], "publisher-name": ["Washington DC: ASM Press"]}, {"surname": ["Akiyama", "Abe", "Kusumoto", "Odomi"], "given-names": ["H", "Y", "N", "M"], "article-title": ["Pharmacokinetics of Grepafloxacin (II)-Absorption, distribution and excretion after oral administration of ["], "sup": ["14"], "source": ["Jpn J Chemotherapy"], "year": ["1995"], "volume": ["43"], "fpage": ["107"], "lpage": ["124"]}, {"article-title": ["LG Life Sciences. SB-265805"], "source": ["Prescribing Information"], "comment": ["2003, April 3."]}, {"surname": ["Nakata", "Yamashiro", "Shimakura", "Takahata", "Minami", "Watanabe", "Narita"], "given-names": ["M", "Y", "M", "M", "S", "Y", "H"], "article-title": ["Pharmacokinetics of pazufloxacin mesilate in experimental animals"], "source": ["Jpn J Chemotherapy"], "year": ["1999"], "volume": ["47"], "fpage": ["65"], "lpage": ["75"]}, {"surname": ["Nakashima", "Uemura", "Kosuge", "Uematsu"], "given-names": ["M", "K", "K", "T"], "article-title": ["Phase I clinical study of pazufloxacin mesilate"], "source": ["Jpn J Chemotherapy"], "year": ["1999"], "volume": ["47"], "fpage": ["141"], "lpage": ["175"]}, {"surname": ["Hayakawa", "Takano", "Sogame", "Imaizumi", "Nakashima", "Narita"], "given-names": ["H", "Y", "Y", "H", "Y", "H"], "article-title": ["Disposition of "], "sup": ["14"], "source": ["Jpn J Chemotherapy"], "year": ["1999"], "volume": ["47"], "fpage": ["88"], "lpage": ["103"]}, {"surname": ["Fujii", "Furukawa", "Yoshida", "Miyazaki", "Hashimoto"], "given-names": ["T", "H", "K", "H", "M"], "article-title": ["Disposition and metabolism of ["], "sup": ["14"], "source": ["Chemotherapy"], "year": ["1984"], "volume": ["32"], "fpage": ["117"], "lpage": ["135"]}, {"surname": ["Nakamura", "Kurobe", "Kashimoto", "Ohue", "Takase", "Shimizu"], "given-names": ["S", "N", "S", "T", "Y", "M"], "article-title": ["Absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of AT-2266 in experimental animals"], "source": ["Chemotherapy"], "year": ["1984"], "volume": ["32"], "fpage": ["86"], "lpage": ["94"]}, {"surname": ["Kawai", "Nakanishi", "Maekawa"], "given-names": ["M", "M", "N"], "article-title": ["Phase I study of AT-2266"], "source": ["Chemotherapy"], "year": ["1984"], "volume": ["32"], "fpage": ["334"], "lpage": ["358"]}, {"surname": ["Nagatsu", "Mukai", "Takagi", "Uchida"], "given-names": ["Y", "M", "K", "H"], "article-title": ["Absorption, distribution and excretion of "], "sup": ["14"], "source": ["Chemotherapy"], "year": ["1990"], "volume": ["38"], "fpage": ["100"], "lpage": ["114"]}, {"surname": ["Nagata", "Yamada", "Yamaguchi", "Okezaki"], "given-names": ["O", "T", "T", "E"], "article-title": ["Disposition and metabolism of NY-198 IV. absorption, distribution and excretion of "], "sup": ["14"], "source": ["Chemotherapy"], "year": ["1988"], "volume": ["36"], "fpage": ["151"], "lpage": ["173"], "pub-id": ["10.1159/000138378"]}, {"surname": ["Nakashima", "Uematsu", "Takiguchi", "Mizuno"], "given-names": ["M", "T", "Y", "A"], "article-title": ["Phase I study on NY-198"], "source": ["Chemotherapy"], "year": ["1988"], "volume": ["36"], "fpage": ["201"], "lpage": ["239"]}, {"surname": ["El-Gebeily", "Yushau"], "given-names": ["M", "B"], "article-title": ["Numerical Methods with MS Excel"], "source": ["TMME"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["4"], "fpage": ["84"], "lpage": ["92"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
62
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Theor Biol Med Model. 2008 Aug 8; 5:19
oa_package/0d/ad/PMC2542356.tar.gz
PMC2542357
18700044
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Increasingly, automated monitoring methods are being applied to routinely collected population health data to facilitate the recognition of significant changes in the health indicators under surveillance. The implementation of automated monitoring methods has been associated with ...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<p>The performance of the EARS C1, C2 and C3 algorithms [##REF##15678442##6##], and a negative-binomial cusum were compared with the occurrence of events deemed by two experienced epidemiologists to be of potential public health importance using historical daily RRv disease notification...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>We observed a good level of agreement between epidemiologists based on their independent evaluations, and good agreement between retrospective epidemiological review and larger documented outbreaks. Divergence between documented outbreaks at a national level and expert opinion only o...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>This study explored the agreement between retrospective epidemiological opinion and the performance of two types of cusum algorithms for the detection of RRv disease outbreaks. The negative binomial cusum algorithm showed greater congruence with epidemiological opinion in terms of...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>We found reasonable agreement between negative binomial cusum performance and retrospective epidemiological opinion at low false alarm rates. The negative binomial cusum had a significantly greater ability to identify outbreaks of RRv disease that are considered epidemiologically ...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>REW and AJP designed the study, REW conducted the study and drafted the manuscript, and SE, GW and BV were involved in revising the manuscript. All surviving ...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>This study was funded by a project grant from the Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease and a NHMRC Capacity Building Grant in Population Health #358424. We thank the Department of Health Western Australia for providing the data f...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Ross River virus case notifications, expert-defined outbreak period (shaded) and cusum scores by day for the first outbreak dataset (days 1–235).</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Sensit...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Algorithm summary performance statistics for false alarm rates approximating 0.005<sup>†</sup></p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Algorithm</td><td align=\"center\">false alarm rate</td><td a...
[ "<disp-formula>c<sub>0 </sub>= u/(σ<sup>2 </sup>- u)</disp-formula>", "<disp-formula>r = u<sup>2</sup>/(σ<sup>2 </sup>- u)</disp-formula>", "<disp-formula>C<sub>0 </sub>= 0</disp-formula>", "<disp-formula>C<sub>n</sub><sup>+ </sup>= max(0, C<sub>n-1</sub><sup>+ </sup>+ X<sub>n </sub>- k<sup>+</sup>)</disp-for...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>R code for Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS) and negative binomial cusum (NBC) algorithms.</p></caption></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S2\"><capt...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>†</sup>Test threshold that produced a false alarm rate ≤ 0.005</p><p><sup>‡</sup>Detection on the first outbreak day is equivalent to a timeliness of 0 days</p><p><sup>¥</sup>Friedman rank sum test</p><p>CARL: Conditional Average Run Length – conditional on the detection of the outbreak du...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1472-6947-8-37-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1472-6947-8-37-2\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1472-6947-8-37-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1472-6947-8-37-S2.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"surname": ["Hawkins", "Olwell"], "given-names": ["DM", "DH"], "source": ["Cumulative sum charts and charting for quality improvement"], "year": ["1998"], "publisher-name": ["New York, Springer-Verlag"]}, {"surname": ["Hawkins"], "given-names": ["DM"], "article-title": ["Self-starting cusum charts for location and scale"], "source": ["Statistician"], "year": ["1987"], "volume": ["36"], "fpage": ["299"], "lpage": ["316"], "pub-id": ["10.2307/2348827"]}, {"collab": ["Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd (ESR)"], "article-title": ["EpiSurv7 - Notifiable disease surveillance database"]}, {"surname": ["Stacey", "Chrusczc", "Calvert"], "given-names": ["DA", "B", "D"], "article-title": ["Comparison of aberration detection algorithms for syndromic surveillance"], "source": ["Advances in Disease Surveillance"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["2"], "fpage": ["69"]}, {"surname": ["MacKenzie", "Broom", "Calisher", "Cloonan", "Cunningham", "Gibson", "Hueston", "Lindsay", "Marshall", "Phillips", "Russell", "Sheridan", "Smith", "Smythe", "Vitarana", "Worswick", "Uren MF and Kay BH"], "given-names": ["JS", "AK", "CH", "MJ", "AL", "CA", "L", "MD", "ID", "DA", "RC", "J", "DW", "L", "T", "D"], "source": ["Diagnosis and reporting of arbovirus infections in Australia: 7-11 December; Brisbane, Australia."], "year": ["1993"], "volume": ["Proceedings Sixth Symposium"]}, {"surname": ["Farrington", "Andrews", "Beale", "Catchpole"], "given-names": ["CP", "NJ", "AD", "MA"], "article-title": ["A statistical algorithm for the early detection of outbreaks of infectious disease"], "source": ["J R Stat Soc Ser A"], "year": ["1996"], "volume": ["159"], "fpage": ["547"], "lpage": ["563"], "pub-id": ["10.2307/2983331"]}, {"collab": ["Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing"], "article-title": ["Communicable Diseases Intelligence"]}, {"collab": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"], "article-title": ["EARS: Download the latest EARS-X version"]}, {"collab": ["Jarek Tuszynski"], "article-title": ["CaTools: Tools: moving window statistics, GIF, Base64, ROC AUC. R package version 1.8"], "year": ["2007"]}, {"collab": ["R Development Core Team"], "article-title": ["R: A language and environment for Statistical Computing"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
25
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2008 Aug 13; 8:37
oa_package/2d/c2/PMC2542357.tar.gz
PMC2542358
18764935
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Henoch Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a well known systemic small vessel vasculitis characterized by major manifestations; arthritis, nonthrombocytopenic purpura, abdominal pain and renal disease. The latter is of major concern since it may result in lifelong problems. Although the pa...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<p>Thirty patients with HSP were recruited during a 2 year period from January 2005 to December 2006. The control group consisted of an equal number of healthy children matched for age and gender. The age range was 2–12.6 years with a mean of 6.3 ± 3 years. The respective ages for the c...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>Twenty-three (76.6%) of our patients had mild and 7 (23.4%) had severe disease. Rash was evident in all patients at presentation. In 12 (40%) of them it was preceded by: arthritis, in 6 (20%) by gastrointestinal complaints, <underline>in 5 (17%) hematuria in 1 (3%).</underline> Histo...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>HSP is the most common vasculitis in childhood. It is a multisystem disease most commonly affecting skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys although other organs may also be affected [##REF##10086951##13##]. Its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. However, it is general...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>In conclusion, plasma ET-1 levels cannot be utilized as a predictor of HSP duration or severity whereas urine ET-1 levels are correlated with the duration of the acute phase of the disease.</p>" ]
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>SF and PN had substantial contributions to conception and design and analysis and interpretation of data and drafting of the manuscript. DG and HG made all th...
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>The clinical scoring system in patients with HSP (6, 8)</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">Arthritis score</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\">0 = No symptom</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\">1 = a...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>RBC: red blood cells</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>Normal values of IgA (mg/dl)</p><p>4–6 months 4.4–84</p><p>7–12 months 11–106</p><p>1–5 years 14–159</p><p>6–10 years 33–236</p><p>Adults 70–312</p><p>Normal values of C<sub>3 </sub>(mg/dl)</p><p>1–3 months 53–31</p><p>3–12 mon...
[]
[]
[{"surname": ["Scheinfeld", "Jones"], "given-names": ["SN", "LE"], "article-title": ["Henoch-Schonlein purpura from Pediatrics"], "source": ["EMedicine Journal"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["4"]}, {"surname": ["Inoue", "Yanagisawa", "Kimura", "Kasuya", "Miyauchi", "Goto", "Masaky"], "given-names": ["A", "M", "S", "Y", "T", "K", "T"], "article-title": ["The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes"], "source": ["Proc Natl Acad Sci USE"], "year": ["1989"], "volume": ["86"], "fpage": ["2863"], "lpage": ["2867"], "pub-id": ["10.1073/pnas.86.8.2863"]}, {"surname": ["Rai", "Nast", "Adler"], "given-names": ["A", "C", "S"], "article-title": ["Henoch-Schonlein nephritis"], "source": ["J Am Soc Nephr"], "year": ["1999"], "volume": ["10"], "fpage": ["2637"], "lpage": ["44"]}, {"surname": ["Villar", "Alonso", "Feldstein", "Juncos", "Romero"], "given-names": ["C", "CJG", "CA", "LA", "JC"], "article-title": ["Role of endothelin in the pathogenesis of hypertension"], "source": ["Mayo Clinic Proc"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["80"], "fpage": ["84"], "lpage": ["96"]}, {"surname": ["Kano", "Hirata", "Numano", "Emori", "Ohta", "Shichiri", "Marumo"], "given-names": ["K", "Y", "F", "T", "K", "M", "F"], "article-title": ["Endothelin-1 and vasculitis [letter]"], "source": ["JAMA"], "year": ["1990"], "volume": ["264"], "fpage": ["2868"], "pub-id": ["10.1001/jama.264.22.2868b"]}, {"surname": ["Silveri", "De Angelis", "Poggi", "Muti", "Bonapace", "Argentati", "Cervini"], "given-names": ["F", "R", "A", "S", "G", "F", "C"], "article-title": ["Relative roles of endothelial cell damage and platelet activation in primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PR) and PR secondary to systemic sclerosis"], "source": ["Scand J Reumatol"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["30"], "fpage": ["290"], "lpage": ["6"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/030097401753180372"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
38
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Pediatr. 2008 Sep 2; 8:33
oa_package/97/c5/PMC2542358.tar.gz
PMC2542359
18775063
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p><italic>Learning is the process by which experience is transformed into recognition </italic>[##UREF##0##1##].</p>", "<p>Family physicians are challenged to maintain their professional competences in an ever changing environment characterized by a continuing evidence expansion i...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Setting</title>", "<p>Denmark has a publicly funded health care system providing free access to family practice and hospital care. The family physicians function as gatekeepers to the rest of the health care system, carrying out initial investigations and referring patients to ...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Learning processes initiated by patient case reviews</title>", "<p>The majority of the family physicians in our sample responded that reviewing patient cases gave rise to reflections on how their work was organized and carried out. They reported that the reflections resulted in...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Our study illustrates that reviewing patient cases has a learning potential because it initiates a reflective process that equally provide feedback about performance in real life situations and potentially enhance family physicians' capabilities implement changes. It also demonstr...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Our results illustrate that patient case reviews initiate reflective processes providing feedback about performance in real life situations. It also demonstrates that family physicians are in favour of patient case reviews as a learning method, because it embraces the complexities...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>RSA has made contributions to the study design, has been in charge of the acquisition of data, contributed to data-analysis and written the final manuscript. ...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>The study and all the authors of the manuscript were funded by The Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Vennelyst Boulevard 6, 8000 Århus C.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Learning process initiated by reviewing patient cases.</p></caption></fig>" ]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Study design</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>The CAP-study</bold></td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\">467 family physicians in the county of Aarhus completed 2,212 questionnaires in whic...
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[]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1472-6920-8-43-1\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Kolb", "Illeris K"], "given-names": ["DA"], "article-title": ["Den erfaringsbaserede l\u00e6ringsproces [the experience based learning process]"], "source": ["Tekster om l\u00e6ring"], "year": ["2000"], "publisher-name": ["Roskilde, Roskilde Universitetsforlag"], "fpage": ["47"], "lpage": ["66"]}, {"surname": ["Greenhalgh", "Robert", "Bate", "Macfarlane", "Kyriakidou"], "given-names": ["T", "G", "P", "F", "O"], "source": ["Diffusion of Innovations in Health Service Organisations A systematic literature review"], "year": ["2005"], "publisher-name": ["Blackwell, Blackwell Publishing"]}, {"surname": ["Sch\u00f6n"], "given-names": ["DA"], "source": ["The Reflective Practitioner"], "year": ["1993"], "publisher-name": ["Basic Books"]}, {"surname": ["Spradley"], "given-names": ["JP"], "source": ["The ethnographic interview"], "year": ["1979"], "publisher-name": ["Orlando, Florida, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers"]}, {"surname": ["Emerson", "Fretz", "Shaw"], "given-names": ["RM", "RL", "LL"], "source": ["Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes"], "year": ["1995"], "publisher-name": ["Chicago, The University of Chigaco Press"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
21
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Med Educ. 2008 Sep 5; 8:43
oa_package/63/1d/PMC2542359.tar.gz
PMC2542360
18687109
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>The yeast <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </italic>is widely used for production of many different commercial compounds such as food, feed, beverages and pharmaceuticals [##REF##17727659##1##]. It also serves as a model eukaryotic organism and has been the subject of more than 40...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Model reconstruction and visualization</title>", "<p>Reconstruction of the <italic>S. cerevisiae </italic>genome-scale metabolic model was done by expanding <italic>iFF708 </italic>[##REF##12566402##16##]. The additional ORFs included in the expansion procedure were involved in...
[ "<title>Results and discussion</title>", "<title>Model reconstruction and characteristics of <italic>iIN800</italic></title>", "<p>Due to the complexity of compartmentalization used in <italic>iND750 </italic>and the smaller scope of <italic>iLL672</italic>, the metabolic model <italic>iFF708 </italic>was selec...
[ "<title>Results and discussion</title>", "<title>Model reconstruction and characteristics of <italic>iIN800</italic></title>", "<p>Due to the complexity of compartmentalization used in <italic>iND750 </italic>and the smaller scope of <italic>iLL672</italic>, the metabolic model <italic>iFF708 </italic>was selec...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Genome-scale metabolic models have emerged as a valuable tool in the post-genomic era for illustrating whole-cell functions based on the complete network of biochemical reactions. An iterative reconstruction process is required to achieve a comprehensive <italic>S. cerevisiae </it...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>IN designed the study, performed the metabolic reconstruction and validation, and contributed to manuscript writing. MCJ carried out the C<sup>13</sup>-labeling flux experiments, helped curate the model and contributed to manuscript writing. AM, CT, KL and SC contribut...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>The authors gratefully thank Mikael Rørdam Andersen and Kiran Raosaheb Patil for providing the ReMapper and the Reporter software, respectively. This work is supported by a grant from the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) (grant number BT-B-0...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>The reconstructed <italic>S. cerevisiae </italic>genome-scale metabolic model <italic>iIN800</italic>.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>Sensitivity analysis shows the influence of...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Comparison of the number of lipid metabolism reactions among yeast genome-scale metabolic models</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Model</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold><italic>i...
[ "<disp-formula id=\"bmcM1\"><label>(1)</label><bold><italic>S·v </italic></bold>= <bold>0</bold></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula><bold><italic>Z </italic></bold>= <bold><italic>ω·v</italic></bold></disp-formula>", "<disp-formula><bold><italic>S·v </italic></bold>= <bold>0</bold></disp-formula>", "<disp-formul...
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p><bold>Additional ORFs</bold>. List if additional ORFs and their references containing in <italic>iIN800</italic>.</p></caption></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\"...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>* percentage of associated ORFs in the model relative to characterized ORFs in the yeast genome</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>* = Aerobic growth, ** = Anaerobic growth</p><p>TP = true positive, TN = true negative, FP = false positive, FN = false negative.</p></table-wrap-foot>"...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-0509-2-71-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-0509-2-71-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-0509-2-71-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-0509-2-71-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-0509-2-71-5\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1752-0509-2-71-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1752-0509-2-71-S2.zip\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"x-zip-compressed\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<med...
[{"surname": ["Schulze"], "given-names": ["U"], "source": ["Anaerobic physiology of "], "italic": ["Saccharomyces cerevisiae"], "year": ["1995"], "publisher-name": ["Lyngby , Technical University of Denmark"]}, {"surname": ["Pizarro", "Jewett", "Nielsen", "Agosin"], "given-names": ["F", "MC", "J", "E"], "article-title": ["Physiological and transcriptional mapping of evolutionary differences between laboratory and commercial "], "italic": ["Saccharomyces cerevisiae"], "year": ["2008"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
54
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Syst Biol. 2008 Aug 7; 2:71
oa_package/1e/d5/PMC2542360.tar.gz
PMC2542361
18761754
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>DNA-based vaccines represent a new and rapidly progressing area in vaccinology. So far, plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccines have been reported to induce protective immunity in numerous animal models of parasitic, viral and bacterial diseases [##REF##10050276##1##]. Moreover, pDNA vaccines...
[ "<title>Materials and methods</title>", "<title>Plasmids</title>", "<p>The plasmid pDNAX (pVAX-Hsp60 TM814), encoding the heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) from <italic>Trichophyton mentagrophytes </italic>[##REF##15601454##24##] and the plasmid pLacZ (pcDNA3.1/LacZ), expressing β-galactosidase, were used in this s...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Validation of QRTPCR method</title>", "<p>Persistence of pDNAX was determined by a QRTPCR methodology designed to specifically recognize the stretch of promoter-insert from the pDNAX plasmid. The methodology was initially investigated for sensitivity, specificity and linearity,...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Limited data on the examination of the effect of pDNA vaccines on food-producing animals have been reported so far and we can only extrapolate the results obtained in the model animals. Different regulation acts on genetically modified organisms and their interpretation by nationa...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Quantitative real-time PCR (QRTPCR) assay was developed to assess a residual pDNA vaccine pVAX-Hsp60 TM814 in mice and beef cattle. In beef cattle, ultra low residual level of pDNA vaccine was found only at the site of injection. According to rough estimation, consumption of muscl...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>PO carried out development of QRTPCR, participated in quantification of pDNA, and participated in preparation of the manuscript. VK participated in preparatio...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>This work was supported by grant NAZV QF 3115, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic (grant No. MZE 0002716201) and MSM6198959223. We also thank IC-Vec Ltd, UK for support. Special thanks to Hana Kudláèková for assistance with animal handling and sampling, and to...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Linearity analysis after QRTPCR amplification</bold>. Dilution series of pDNAX (10<sup>9 </sup>– 3 × 10°copies) was amplified with 500 ng of mouse gDNA. Full squares represent Cp values (crossing point) recorded from three independent pDNAX...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Effect of various pDNAX formulations on its persistence in beef cattle after i.m. administration</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Beef cattle groups</td><td align=\"left\">Beef cattle ID co...
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[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>The total amount 1000 μg of pDNAX in two equal doses was delivered into coccygeus muscle (injection site) as naked pDNAX, naked pDNAX + liposomal B30-norAbuMDP, and cationic liposome complex pDNAX:CDAN-DOPE. The level of pDNAX in the injection site, opposite-to-injection site, distant muscle ti...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-0556-6-11-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-0556-6-11-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-0556-6-11-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-0556-6-11-4\"/>" ]
[]
[{"collab": ["FDA CBER. Food and Drug Administration CBER"], "article-title": ["Guidance for Industry Considerations for Plasmid DNA Vaccines for Infectious Disease Indications"], "source": ["Fedregister"], "year": ["1998"], "fpage": ["36413"]}, {"surname": ["Bureau", "Naimi", "Ibad", "Seguin", "Georger", "Arnould", "Maton", "Blanche", "Delaere", "Schennan"], "given-names": ["MF", "S", "RT", "J", "C", "E", "L", "F", "P", "D"], "article-title": ["Intramuscular plasmid DNA electrotransfer biodistribution and degradation"], "source": ["Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Gene Structure and Expression"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["1676"], "fpage": ["138"], "lpage": ["148"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/j.bbaexp.2003.11.005"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
45
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Genet Vaccines Ther. 2008 Sep 2; 6:11
oa_package/8e/07/PMC2542361.tar.gz
PMC2542362
18783610
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by inflammation in both central and peripheral airways [##REF##12882441##1##], which is dominated by neutrophils, macrophages, T lymphocytes (mainly CD8<sup>+ </sup>cells), and B lymphocytes [##REF##15215480##2##, ###...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Subjects and tissue collection</title>", "<p>Tissue samples were collected from 29 individuals: 19 with COPD and 10 controls without airflow limitation (Table ##TAB##0##1##). COPD patients had no chronic bronchitis or α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin deficiency (10 males, median [inte...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Patient characteristics (Table ##TAB##0##1##)</title>", "<p>Patients with COPD had significantly lower FEV<sub>1 </sub>(% pred) and FEV<sub>1</sub>/VC values than controls without airflow limitation (both p &lt; 0.001). Gender, smoking status, and pack-years smoking were simila...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>In the present study, we demonstrate that <italic>the distribution </italic>of tryptase and chymase positive mast cells in the airways is similar in patients with COPD and controls without airflow limitation. In central airways, the concentration of both tryptase and chymase posit...
[]
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Abbreviations</title>", "<p>ASM: alpha-smooth-muscle actin; COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; FEV: Forced Expiratory Volume; GOLD: Global Initiative on Lung Disease; IQR: interquartile ranges; MC-C: mast cell-chymase; MC-T: mast cell-tryptase; VC: Vital Capacity.</p>", "<title>Competing inter...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>Sources of support: Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>1a. (left) Double immunostaining: tryptase positive mast cells (bright red) in a small airway in a tissue sample from a patient with moderate COPD (GOLD stage 2); bronchial and alveolar type 2 epithelial cells and smooth muscle stain golden brown...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of COPD patients and controls</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\"><bold>Controls</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold>COPD</bold></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=...
[]
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[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>Data are presented as median (IQR)</p><p>* n = 9; 1 subject (anonymous donor) with some missing data; ** n = 8, 2 subjects (incl. donor) with missing lung function data</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>Data are presented as median [interquartile range]; <sup>¶ </sup>p = 0.035 vers...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1465-9921-9-64-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1465-9921-9-64-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1465-9921-9-64-3\"/>" ]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
37
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Respir Res. 2008 Sep 10; 9(1):64
oa_package/a9/66/PMC2542362.tar.gz
PMC2542363
18778472
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Psychopaths are characterized by specific deficits in interpersonal relations, affective attributes and behavioral features [##UREF##0##1##, ####UREF##1##2##, ##UREF##2##3####2##3##]. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) [##UREF##1##2##] was designed to measure these attribut...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Ethical approval</title>", "<p>The sample of the present study is a subsample of a large epidemiological study conducted on convicted offenders (inmates as well as offenders on probation) in the Canton of Zurich in the year 2000, which was approved as a whole by an external Eth...
[ "<title>Results and discussion</title>", "<title>Disciplinary infractions and classification of aggressive behavior</title>", "<p>83.2% (n = 94) of the inmates had been reported at least once for a disciplinary infraction during incarceration. The average number of incidents per prisoner was 5.1 (SD = 5.94, ran...
[ "<title>Results and discussion</title>", "<title>Disciplinary infractions and classification of aggressive behavior</title>", "<p>83.2% (n = 94) of the inmates had been reported at least once for a disciplinary infraction during incarceration. The average number of incidents per prisoner was 5.1 (SD = 5.94, ran...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>In this study only a moderate association between PCL-R scores and prison misconduct was observed. This finding corroborates the results of several other studies [##REF##14680527##15##,##UREF##9##20##,##REF##8845529##23##,##REF##8934700##24##,##UREF##20##34##]. More specifically, ...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>JE has made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study, as well as the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data and drafting ...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We would like to thank Andreas Frischknecht for his contribution to data collection and Nicole Wetli for proof-reading the manuscript.</p>" ]
[]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Predictive validity of the PCL-R – Bivariate logistic regression analyses controlled for time of imprisonment</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"left\">PCL-R</td><td align=\"right\">OR</td><td ...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
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[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>Note:</p><p>PA = physical aggression</p><p>VA = verbal aggression, threats</p><p>AUC = Area under the curve. SE = Standard error. CI = Confidence interval. OR = Odds Ratio</p><p>*p &lt; .05.</p></table-wrap-foot>" ]
[]
[]
[{"surname": ["Millon", "Simonsen", "Birket-Smith", "Davis"], "given-names": ["T", "E", "M", "RD"], "collab": ["Eds"], "source": ["Psychopathy: Antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior"], "year": ["1998"], "publisher-name": ["New York, NY, US: Guilford Press"]}, {"surname": ["Hare"], "given-names": ["RD"], "source": ["Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R)"], "year": ["2003"], "publisher-name": ["Toronto, ON: Multi-Health Systems"]}, {"surname": ["Cleckley"], "given-names": ["H"], "source": ["The mask of sanity"], "year": ["1976"], "publisher-name": ["St. Louis: Mosby"]}, {"surname": ["Hare", "Harpur", "Hakstian", "Forth", "Hart", "Newman"], "given-names": ["RD", "TJ", "AR", "AE", "CJ", "FP"], "article-title": ["The Revised Psychopathy Checklist: Reliability and Factor structure"], "source": ["Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["2"], "fpage": ["238"], "lpage": ["341"]}, {"surname": ["Cooke", "Michie", "Ryan"], "given-names": ["DJ", "C", "J"], "article-title": ["Evaluating risk for violence: A preliminary study of the HCR-20, PCL-R and VRAG in a Scottish prison sample"], "source": ["Scottish Prison Service paper"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["5"]}, {"surname": ["Hemphill", "Hare", "Wong"], "given-names": ["JF", "RD", "S"], "article-title": ["Psychopathy and recidivism: A review"], "source": ["Legal and Criminological Psychology"], "year": ["1998"], "volume": ["3"], "fpage": ["139"], "lpage": ["170"]}, {"surname": ["Stadtland", "Kleindienst", "Kroner", "Eidt", "Nedopil"], "given-names": ["C", "N", "C", "M", "N"], "article-title": ["Psychopathic traits and risk of criminal recidivism in offenders with and without mental disorders"], "source": ["International Journal of Forensic Mental Health"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["4"], "fpage": ["89"], "lpage": ["97"]}, {"surname": ["Graf", "Dittmann"], "given-names": ["M", "V"], "article-title": ["Psychopathic Disorders and the Criminal Law in Switzerland"], "source": ["The International Handbook of Psychopathic Disorders and the Law Volume II \u2013 Laws and Policies"], "year": ["2007"], "publisher-name": ["Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd"], "fpage": ["229"], "lpage": ["242"]}, {"surname": ["Forth", "Hart", "Hare"], "given-names": ["AE", "SD", "RD"], "article-title": ["Assessment of psychopathy in male young offenders"], "source": ["Psychological Assessment"], "year": ["1990"], "volume": ["2"], "fpage": ["342"], "lpage": ["344"], "pub-id": ["10.1037/1040-3590.2.3.342"]}, {"surname": ["Heilbrun", "Hart", "Hare", "Gustafson", "Nunez", "White"], "given-names": ["K", "SD", "RD", "D", "C", "AJ"], "article-title": ["Inpatient and postdischarge aggression in mentally disordered offenders: The role of psychopathy"], "source": ["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"], "year": ["1998"], "volume": ["13"], "fpage": ["514"], "lpage": ["527"], "pub-id": ["10.1177/088626098013004007"]}, {"surname": ["Kosson", "Steuerwald", "Forth", "Kirkhart"], "given-names": ["DS", "BL", "AE", "KJ"], "article-title": ["A new method for assessing the interpersonal behavior of psychopathic individuals: Preliminary validation studies"], "source": ["Psychological Assessment"], "year": ["1997"], "volume": ["9"], "fpage": ["89"], "lpage": ["101"], "pub-id": ["10.1037/1040-3590.9.2.89"]}, {"surname": ["Serin"], "given-names": ["RC"], "article-title": ["Psychopathy and violence in criminals"], "source": ["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"], "year": ["1991"], "volume": ["6"], "fpage": ["423"], "lpage": ["431"], "pub-id": ["10.1177/088626091006004002"]}, {"surname": ["Rice", "Harris", "Cormier"], "given-names": ["ME", "GT", "CA"], "article-title": ["An evaluation of a maximum security therapeutic community for psychopaths and other mentally disordered offenders"], "source": ["Law and Human Behavior"], "year": ["1992"], "volume": ["16"], "fpage": ["399"], "lpage": ["412"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/BF02352266"]}, {"surname": ["Hart", "Cox", "Hare"], "given-names": ["SD", "DN", "RD"], "source": ["The Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV)"], "year": ["2003"], "publisher-name": ["Toronto, ON: Multi-Health Systems"]}, {"surname": ["Kroner", "Mills"], "given-names": ["DG", "JF"], "article-title": ["The accuracy of five risk appraisal instruments in predicting institutional misconduct and new convictions"], "source": ["Criminal Justice and Behavior"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["28"], "fpage": ["471"], "lpage": ["489"]}, {"surname": ["Edens", "Buffington-Vollum", "Colwell", "Johnson", "Johnson"], "given-names": ["JF", "JK", "KW", "DW", "JK"], "article-title": ["Psychopathy and institutional misbehavior among incarcerated sex offenders: A comparison of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and the Personality Assessment Inventory"], "source": ["International Journal of Forensic Mental Health"], "year": ["2002"], "volume": ["1"], "fpage": ["49"], "lpage": ["58"]}, {"surname": ["Buffington-Vollum", "Edens", "Johnson", "Johnson"], "given-names": ["J", "JF", "DW", "JK"], "article-title": ["Psychopathy as a predictor of institutional misbehavior among sex offenders: A prospective replication"], "source": ["Criminal Justice and Behavior"], "year": ["2002"], "volume": ["29"], "fpage": ["497"], "lpage": ["511"], "pub-id": ["10.1177/009385402236730"]}, {"surname": ["Coid", "Petruckevitch", "Bebbington", "Jenkins", "Brugha", "Lewis", "Farrell", "Singleton"], "given-names": ["J", "A", "P", "R", "T", "G", "M", "N"], "article-title": ["Psychiatric morbidity in prisoners and solitary cellular confinement, I: Disciplinary segregation"], "source": ["Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["14"], "fpage": ["298"], "lpage": ["319"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/1478994031000095510"]}, {"collab": ["Weltgesundheitsorganisation"], "source": ["Internationale Klassifikation psychischer St\u00f6rungen ICD-10 Kapitel V (F) Klinisch-diagnostische Leitlinie"], "year": ["1999"], "edition": ["3"], "publisher-name": ["Bern, G\u00f6ttingen, Seattle, Toronto: Hans Huber"]}, {"surname": ["Krippendorff"], "given-names": ["K"], "source": ["Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology"], "year": ["2003"], "edition": ["2"], "publisher-name": ["Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications"]}, {"surname": ["Edens", "Petrila", "Buffington-Vollum"], "given-names": ["JF", "L", "JK"], "article-title": ["Psychopathy and the death penalty: Can the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised identify offenders who represent \"a continuing threat to society\"?"], "source": ["Journal of Psychiatry and Law"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["29"], "fpage": ["433"], "lpage": ["481"]}, {"surname": ["Porter", "Woodworth", "Patrick CJ"], "given-names": ["S", "M"], "article-title": ["Psychopathy and Aggression"], "source": ["Handbook of Psychopathy"], "year": ["2006"], "publisher-name": ["New York London: The Guilford Press"], "fpage": ["481"], "lpage": ["494"]}, {"surname": ["Harris", "Rice", "Quinsey"], "given-names": ["GT", "ME", "VL"], "article-title": ["Violent recidivism of mentally disordered offenders: The development of a statistical prediction instrument"], "source": ["Criminal Justice and Behavior"], "year": ["1993"], "volume": ["20"], "fpage": ["315"], "lpage": ["335"], "pub-id": ["10.1177/0093854893020004001"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
39
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Psychiatry. 2008 Sep 8; 8:74
oa_package/a0/2c/PMC2542363.tar.gz
PMC2542364
18715500
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Secreted frizzled related proteins (SFRPs) compose a family of soluble factors widely involved in the control of embryonic development and the homeostasis of adult tissues. Members of this family were independently isolated using a variety of approaches and immediately proposed as...
[ "<title>Materials and methods</title>", "<title>Whole-mount <italic>in situ </italic>hybridisation</title>", "<p>Whole-mount <italic>in situ </italic>hybridizations were performed in medaka embryos using digoxigenin- and fluorescein-labelled riboprobes. A minimum of 40 embryos were hybridized for each marker an...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Sfrp1<sub>NTR </sub>mimics the effect of the full-length protein in the anterior neural plate</title>", "<p><italic>Sfrp1 </italic>is expressed in the anterior neural plate and is required to establish the prospective eye territory [##REF##11025229##12##,##REF##15210177##13##]....
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Wnt signalling contributes to the regional specification of the anterior neural plate. Acquisition of diencephalic, eye and telecencephalic identities, however, require a differential contribution from canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways, which are regulated by different Wnt ...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>We have provided functional and biochemical evidence that the NTR, but not the CRD, domain of Sfrp1 mimics the function of the entire molecule. These results challenge several reports implying that the CRD domain of SFRPs, due to its homology with the proposed Wnt binding region o...
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Secreted frizzled related proteins (SFRPs) are multifunctional modulators of Wnt and BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) signalling necessary for the development of most organs and the homeostasis of different adult tissues. SFRPs fold in two independent domains: the cysteine rich do...
[ "<title>Abbreviations</title>", "<p>CRD: Cysteine-rich domain; E: Embryonic day; Fz: Frizzled; HA: Haemagglutinin; Mo: Morpholino; NTR: Netrin-related motif; SFRP: Secreted frizzled related protein; BMP: Bone morphogenetic protein: PMSF: Phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride.</p>", "<title>Competing interests</title>"...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We are grateful to Drs F Cavodeassi, EM De Robertis, JL Gomez-Skarmetha, CP Heisenberg, M Hibi, and H Takeda for providing us with Wnt1, Xsizzled, Wnt8, Wnt5, zSizzled and Sfrp2 plasmids, respectively. We are also in debt to Drs E Cisneros, JR Martinez-Morales, G Nusspaumer,...
[ "<fig id=\"F1\" position=\"float\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Schematic representation of the different constructs used in this study</bold>. Construct organization and generated mutations are indicated in the drawings. Light grey boxes, signal peptide (SP); light blue boxes cysteine e-rich domain (CR...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"T1\" position=\"float\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Anteriorised phenotypes induced by over-expression of different <italic>Sfrp </italic>variants</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Injected mRNA</th><th align=\"center\">Percentage of embryos<...
[]
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[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional File 1</title><p>SFRP<sub>CRD </sub>peptides cannot rescue the <italic>Wnt8</italic>- or <italic>Wnt5</italic>-induced over-expression phenotype. All the panels are dorsal views of embryos at stage 19–20 (optic vesicle stage) ...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>Percentage of embryos showing an anteriorised phenotype upon injection of equimolecular amounts of mRNAs encoding different variants of Sfrp or Netrin-1 proteins, as shown in Figures 1 and 3 and Additional file ##SUPPL##1##2##. The anteriorised phenotype was scored by an evident morphological e...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-19-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-19-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-19-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-19-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-19-5\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-19-6\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-...
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-19-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-19-S2.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href...
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
42
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 16:49:15
Neural Dev. 2008 Aug 20; 3:19
oa_package/30/2d/PMC2542364.tar.gz
PMC2542365
18664287
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Although different subtypes of motoneurons of invertebrate species use different neurotransmitters to activate muscle [##REF##6145757##1##,##REF##17500093##2##], all vertebrate motoneurons activate muscle via release of acetylcholine (ACh) [##REF##9914246##3##]. Historically verte...
[ "<title>Materials and Methods</title>", "<title>Animal husbandry and lines</title>", "<p>Zebrafish embryos were obtained from natural spawning of AB or AB/TU wild-type or <italic>mn2Et </italic>(also referred to as <italic>parg</italic><sup><italic>mn2Et</italic></sup>) [##REF##15347431##52##], <italic>Tg(gata2...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title><italic>met </italic>is expressed in a subset of zebrafish spinal motoneurons</title>", "<p><italic>met </italic>expression began in 1–2 cells in the ventral region of each spinal hemisegment at 22 hpf (Figure ##FIG##1##2a##), but within a few hours it was expressed in many mor...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>We report two key findings about the role of the Met receptor tyrosine kinase in motoneuron development. First, Met is required for formation of some zebrafish SMNs. Our experiments suggest that this role of Met acts through the p38 and/or Akt signaling cascade. Second, Met is req...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>It has been known for many years that environmental signals can alter subtype specification in newly post-mitotic motoneurons [##REF##1708527##90##]. Here we show that motoneurons retain the ability to develop interneuron-like characteristics, including both axon trajectory and ne...
[ "<p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Abbreviations</title>", "<p>ACh: Acetylcholine; AChR: ACh receptor; áBTX: ábungarotoxin; ChAT: Choline acetyltransferase; GABA: Gamma-amino butyric acid; GFP: Green fluorescent protein; HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; MAPK: Mitogen activated protein kinase; MO: Morpholino antisense oligonucleotide; NMJ: ne...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We thank Keith Beadle for help with motility assays, G Vande Woude for the mouse <italic>Met </italic>mRNA, Peter Currie for a <italic>met </italic>MO sample and a partial <italic>met </italic>DNA, Shin-Ichi Higashijima and Joe Fetcho for <italic>gad1 </italic>mRNA, Steve Ek...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Blocking Met function</bold>. <bold>(a) </bold>RT-PCR showing that the E6I6 MO blocks <italic>met </italic>mRNA splicing. <bold>(b) </bold>Activation of Met can initiate intracellular signaling through several different downstream cascades,...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>The number of second motoneurons is reduced following Met knock down</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\">Control</td><td align=\"center\"><italic>met </italic>MO</td><td align=\"center\...
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[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>GFP-positive SMN axons (three segments/embryo) and somata (two segments/embryo) were analyzed in 48 hpf <italic>Tg(gata2:GFP) </italic>embryos. Soma counts of treatment groups are all significantly different from controls (<italic>p </italic>&lt; 0.00015).</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-18-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-18-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-18-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-18-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-18-5\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-18-6\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-...
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
100
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Neural Develop. 2008 Jul 29; 3:18
oa_package/3b/89/PMC2542365.tar.gz
PMC2542366
18715516
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Improving quality of primary care is a key focus of health policy both nationally and internationally [##REF##12609914##1##,##UREF##0##2##]. Quality improvement can take a number of forms. The approach adopted in the United Kingdom has placed a large focus on the clinical quality ...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</title>", "<p>Studies eligible for inclusion were:</p>", "<p>1) Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English</p>", "<p>2) Based on primary care practitioners and their patients. Primary care practitioners were defined as medical ...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>The electronic search identified 20,840 citations (see figure ##FIG##0##1##). Screening of the titles and abstracts reduced this to 103 after excluding 20,737 ineligible articles. In addition to the electronic search, hand-searching located two further studies. These 105 studies were...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The aim of this review was to determine the effectiveness of patient based feedback, brief training and their combination on the interpersonal skills of physicians. Only a small number of trials were identified and thus any conclusions about the effectiveness of these intervention...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>There is limited evidence available on the effects of patient based feedback. There is reasonable evidence that brief training as currently delivered is not effective, although the evidence is not definitive, because of the small number of trials and the variation between them in ...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>PB has been involved in the development of a patient assessment questionnaire which is currently recommended for use by GPs in the United Kingdom as part of their contract. The questionnaire is free to use for NHS staff, but commercial companies selling patient evaluation...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We thank Rosalind McNally from NPCRDC for her expertise with databases and her input into the search strategy, and the reviewers for their helpful comments on the initial draft.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Overview of searching process.</p></caption></fig>" ]
[]
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[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>full CENTRAL search strategy.</p></caption></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S2\"><caption><title>Additional file 2</title><p>Overview of Included Studies....
[]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1472-6963-8-179-1\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1472-6963-8-179-S1.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1472-6963-8-179-S2.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xl...
[{"surname": ["NHS Executive"], "article-title": ["A First Class service: Quality in the New NHS"], "year": ["1998"]}, {"surname": ["Coulter"], "given-names": ["A"], "source": ["Trends in patients' experience of the NHS"], "year": ["2006"], "publisher-name": ["Oxford, Picker Institute Europe"]}, {"surname": ["Hutchison", "Williams", "Meadows"], "given-names": ["A", "M", "K"], "article-title": ["Perceptions of good medical practice in the NHS: a survey of senior health professionals."], "source": ["Quality and Safety in Health Care"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["8"], "fpage": ["213"], "lpage": ["218"]}, {"surname": ["Bower"], "given-names": ["P"], "article-title": ["Measuring Patients' assessments of primary care quality: the use of self-report questionnaires"], "source": ["Expert Review Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Research"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["3"], "fpage": ["551"], "lpage": ["560"], "pub-id": ["10.1586/14737167.3.5.551"]}, {"surname": ["Grimshaw", "Shirran", "Thomas", "Mowatt", "Fraser", "Bero", "Grilli"], "given-names": ["JM", "L", "R", "G", "C", "L", "R"], "article-title": ["Changing Professional Behaviour. An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Interventions"], "source": ["Medical Care"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["39"], "fpage": ["2"], "lpage": ["45"], "pub-id": ["10.1097/00005650-200108002-00002"]}, {"surname": ["Wensing", "Vingerhoets", "Grol"], "given-names": ["M", "E", "R"], "article-title": ["Feedback based on patient evaluations: a tool for quality improvement?"], "source": ["Patient Education and Counselling"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["51"], "fpage": ["149"], "lpage": ["153"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S0738-3991(02)00199-4"]}, {"surname": ["Locker", "Dunt"], "given-names": ["D", "D"], "article-title": ["Theoretical and Methodological issues in sociological studies of consumer satisfaction with medical care"], "source": ["Social Science and Medicine"], "year": ["1978"], "volume": ["12"], "fpage": ["283"], "lpage": ["292"]}, {"surname": ["Perkins", "Sanson-Fisher"], "given-names": ["JJ", "RW"], "article-title": ["Increased focus on the teaching of interactional skills to medical practitioners"], "source": ["Advances in Health Sciences Education"], "year": ["1996"], "volume": ["1"], "fpage": ["17"], "lpage": ["28"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/BF00596227"]}, {"surname": ["Song", "Eastwood", "Gilbody", "Duley", "Sutton"], "given-names": ["F", "AJ", "S", "L", "AJ"], "article-title": ["Publication and related biases."], "source": ["Health technology assessment"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["4"], "publisher-name": ["Health Technology Assessment"]}, {"surname": ["Stones", "Janvier", "Robbins"], "given-names": ["R", "N", "K"], "article-title": ["2006/7 UK General Practice Workload Survey"], "source": ["The Information Centre"], "year": ["2007"], "comment": ["(accessed 6th May 2008)"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
58
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Health Serv Res. 2008 Aug 21; 8:179
oa_package/31/cc/PMC2542366.tar.gz
PMC2542367
18710579
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Data from recent epidemiological studies suggest that depressive disorders exist on a continuum, rather than in separate categories [##REF##9268772##1##,##REF##15023482##2##]. As a consequence, research has begun to accumulate on the clinical relevance and public health significan...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Selection of treatments to review</title>", "<p>Treatments were identified from previous systematic reviews of complementary and self-help treatments for depression [##REF##12065003##14##,##REF##17014404##19##]. Not all of these treatments were included for review here as some ...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>There were 38 interventions with relevant evidence to review. For convenience, interventions have been grouped under the categories of herbal remedies or dietary supplements, substances, dietary methods, psychological methods, lifestyle changes, and physical and sensory methods. For ...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The self-help interventions with the best evidence of efficacy for depressive disorders are S-adenosylmethionine, St John's wort, bibliotherapy, computerised interventions, distraction, relaxation training, exercise, pleasant activities, sleep deprivation, and light therapy. With ...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>A number of self-help interventions have promising evidence for reducing subthreshold depressive symptoms, although a larger evidence base is needed. Promotion of effective self-help strategies for subthreshold depressive symptoms could fit within a clinical staging model for depr...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Herbal remedies or dietary supplements</title>", "<title>Borage (Borago officinalis or Echium amoenum)</title>", "<title>Description and rationale</title>", "<p>Borage is a herb originating in Syria. The flowers of the plant can be used in herbal teas. Although the plant is used in traditional Iranian...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>Claire Kelly provided feedback on the reviews. Funding was provided by the National Health and Medical Research Council and the Colonial Foundation. These funding sources had no further role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the wri...
[]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Self-help methods with no relevant trials to review</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Category</bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold>Treatment</bold></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td alig...
[]
[]
[]
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[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p><bold>Search strategy</bold>. Microsoft Word document of literature search strategy used.</p></caption></supplementary-material>" ]
[]
[]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1744-859X-7-13-S1.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"surname": ["Lopez", "Mathers", "Ezzati", "Jamison", "Murray"], "given-names": ["AD", "CM", "M", "DT", "CJL"], "source": ["Global burden of disease and risk factors"], "year": ["2006"], "publisher-name": ["New York, NY, USA: The World Bank and Oxford University Press"]}, {"surname": ["Jorm", "Medway", "Christensen", "Korten", "Jacomb", "Rodgers"], "given-names": ["AF", "J", "H", "AE", "PA", "B"], "article-title": ["Public beliefs about the helpfulness of interventions for depression: effects on actions taken when experiencing anxiety and depression symptoms"], "source": ["Aust NZ J Psychiatry"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["34"], "fpage": ["619"], "lpage": ["626"], "pub-id": ["10.1046/j.1440-1614.2000.00761.x"]}, {"surname": ["Fulgente", "Onofrj", "Del Re", "Ferracci", "Bazzano", "Ghilardi", "Malatesta"], "given-names": ["T", "M", "ML", "F", "S", "MF", "G"], "article-title": ["Laevo-acetylcarnitine (Nicetile"], "sup": ["\u00ae"], "source": ["Clin Trials J"], "year": ["1990"], "volume": ["27"], "fpage": ["155"], "lpage": ["163"]}, {"surname": ["Ginsberd"], "given-names": ["DL"], "article-title": ["Chromium picolinate treatment of atypical depression"], "source": ["Prim Psychiatry"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["10"], "fpage": ["23"], "lpage": ["24"]}, {"surname": ["Spinella"], "given-names": ["M"], "source": ["Concise handbook of psychoactive herbs"], "year": ["2005"], "publisher-name": ["Binghamton, NY, USA: Haworth Herbal Press"]}, {"surname": ["Hardy", "Coulter", "Morton", "Favreau", "Venuturupalli", "Chiappelli", "Rossi", "Orshansky", "Jungvig", "Roth", "Suttorp", "Shekelle"], "given-names": ["ML", "I", "SC", "J", "S", "F", "F", "G", "LK", "EA", "MJ", "P"], "source": [" Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ) "], "year": ["2002"], "publisher-name": ["Rockville, MD, USA: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage": ["3"]}, {"surname": ["Cockle", "Haller", "Kimber", "Dawe", "Hindmarch"], "given-names": ["SM", "J", "S", "RA", "I"], "article-title": ["The influence of multivitamins on cognitive function and mood in the elderly"], "source": ["Aging Ment Health"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["4"], "fpage": ["339"], "lpage": ["353"]}, {"surname": ["Ussher", "Dewberry", "Malson", "Noakes"], "given-names": ["JM", "C", "H", "J"], "article-title": ["The relationship between health related quality of life and dietary supplementation in British middle managers: a double blind placebo controlled study"], "source": ["Psychol Health"], "year": ["1995"], "volume": ["10"], "fpage": ["97"], "lpage": ["111"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/08870449508401941"]}, {"surname": ["Ussher", "Swann"], "given-names": ["JM", "C"], "article-title": ["A double blind placebo controlled trial examining the relationship between Health-Related Quality of Life and dietary supplements"], "source": ["Br J Health Psychol"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["5"], "fpage": ["173"], "lpage": ["187"], "pub-id": ["10.1348/135910700168847"]}, {"surname": ["Smith", "Clark", "Nutt", "Haller", "Hayward", "Perry"], "given-names": ["AP", "RE", "DJ", "J", "SG", "K"], "article-title": ["Vitamin C, mood and cognitive functioning in the elderly"], "source": ["Nutr Neurosci"], "year": ["1999"], "volume": ["2"], "fpage": ["249"], "lpage": ["256"]}, {"surname": ["Casas", "Ramos-Quiroga", "Prat", "Qureshi", "Nehlig A"], "given-names": ["M", "JA", "G", "A"], "article-title": ["Effects of coffee and caffeine on mood and mood disorders"], "source": ["Coffee, tea, chocolate, and the brain"], "year": ["2004"], "publisher-name": ["Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press"], "fpage": ["73"], "lpage": ["83"]}, {"surname": ["Herron"], "given-names": ["DG"], "article-title": ["The effect of diet on mood in the elderly"], "source": ["PhD thesis"], "year": ["1994"], "publisher-name": ["University of Maryland at Baltimore, School of Nursing"]}, {"surname": ["Toornvliet", "Pijl", "Tuinenburg", "Elte-de Wever", "Pieters", "Frolich", "Onkenhout", "Meinders"], "given-names": ["AC", "H", "JC", "BM", "MSM", "M", "W", "AE"], "article-title": ["Psychological and metabolic responses of carboydrate craving obese patients to carbohydrate, fat and protein-rich meals"], "source": ["Int J Obes"], "year": ["1997"], "volume": ["21"], "fpage": ["860"], "lpage": ["864"], "pub-id": ["10.1038/sj.ijo.0800470"]}, {"surname": ["Krampen"], "given-names": ["G"], "article-title": ["Long-term evaluation of the effectiveness of additional autogenic training in the psychotherapy of depressive disorders"], "source": ["Eur Psychologist"], "year": ["1999"], "volume": ["4"], "fpage": ["11"], "lpage": ["18"], "pub-id": ["10.1027//1016-9040.4.1.11"]}, {"surname": ["Farne", "Gnugnoli"], "given-names": ["MA", "D"], "article-title": ["Effects of autogenic training on emotional distress symptoms"], "source": ["Stress Med"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["16"], "fpage": ["259"], "lpage": ["261"], "pub-id": ["10.1002/1099-1700(200007)16:4<259::AID-SMI861>3.0.CO;2-X"]}, {"surname": ["Burns"], "given-names": ["DD"], "source": ["Feeling good: the new mood therapy (revised edn)"], "year": ["1999"], "publisher-name": ["New York, NY, USA: Quill"]}, {"surname": ["Lewinsohn", "Munoz", "Youngren", "Zeiss"], "given-names": ["PM", "RA", "MA", "AM"], "source": ["Control your depression (revised edn)"], "year": ["1992"], "publisher-name": ["New York, NY, USA: Simon & Schuster"]}, {"surname": ["Greenberger", "Padesky"], "given-names": ["D", "C"], "source": ["Mind Over mood: change how you feel by changing the way you think"], "year": ["1995"], "publisher-name": ["New York, NY, USA: Guilford Press"]}, {"surname": ["Gilbert"], "given-names": ["P"], "source": ["Overcoming depression: a self-help guide using cognitive behavioral techniques (revised edn)"], "year": ["2000"], "publisher-name": ["London, UK: Constable & Robinson"]}, {"surname": ["Williams"], "given-names": ["C"], "source": ["Overcoming depression: a five areas approach"], "year": ["2001"], "publisher-name": ["London, UK: Hodder Arnold"]}, {"surname": ["Gregory", "Canning", "Lee", "Wise"], "given-names": ["RJ", "SS", "TW", "JC"], "article-title": ["Cognitive bibliotherapy for depression: a meta-analysis"], "source": ["Prof Psychol Res Pr"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["35"], "fpage": ["275"], "lpage": ["280"], "pub-id": ["10.1037/0735-7028.35.3.275"]}, {"article-title": ["MoodGYM"]}, {"article-title": ["Overcoming depression on the internet"]}, {"article-title": ["Living life to the full"]}, {"article-title": ["BluePages"]}, {"surname": ["Titov"], "given-names": ["N"], "article-title": ["Status of computerized cognitive behavioural therapy for adults"], "source": ["Aust NZ J Psychiatry"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["41"], "fpage": ["95"], "lpage": ["114"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/00048670601109873"]}, {"surname": ["Nolen-Hoeksema", "Morrow"], "given-names": ["S", "J"], "article-title": ["Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood"], "source": ["Cogn Emot"], "year": ["1993"], "volume": ["7"], "fpage": ["561"], "lpage": ["570"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/02699939308409206"]}, {"surname": ["Vickers", "Vogeltanz-Holm"], "given-names": ["KS", "ND"], "article-title": ["The effects of rumination and distraction tasks on psychophysiological responses and mood in dysphoric and nondysphoric individuals"], "source": ["Cognit Ther Res"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["27"], "fpage": ["331"], "lpage": ["348"], "pub-id": ["10.1023/A:1023970501448"]}, {"surname": ["Catanese", "Rosenthal", "Kelley"], "given-names": ["RA", "TL", "JE"], "article-title": ["Strange bedfellows: reward, punishment, and impersonal distraction strategies in treating dysphoria"], "source": ["Cognit Ther Res"], "year": ["1979"], "volume": ["3"], "fpage": ["299"], "lpage": ["305"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/BF01185970"]}, {"surname": ["Skeie", "Skeie", "Stiles"], "given-names": ["TM", "S", "TC"], "article-title": ["The effectiveness of pleasant imagery and a distraction task as coping strategies in alleviating experimentally induced dysphoric mood"], "source": ["Scand J Behav Ther"], "year": ["1989"], "volume": ["18"], "fpage": ["31"], "lpage": ["42"]}, {"surname": ["Trask", "Sigmon"], "given-names": ["PC", "ST"], "article-title": ["Ruminating and distracting: the effects of sequential tasks on depressed mood"], "source": ["Cognit Ther Res"], "year": ["1999"], "volume": ["23"], "fpage": ["231"], "lpage": ["246"], "pub-id": ["10.1023/A:1018787430249"]}, {"surname": ["Broderick"], "given-names": ["PC"], "article-title": ["Mindfulness and coping with dysphoric mood: contrasts with rumination and distraction"], "source": ["Cognit Ther Res"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["29"], "fpage": ["501"], "lpage": ["510"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/s10608-005-3888-0"]}, {"surname": ["Disayavanish"], "given-names": ["P"], "article-title": ["The effect of Buddhist insight meditation on stress and anxiety"], "source": ["PhD thesis"], "year": ["1994"], "publisher-name": ["Illinois State University, Department of Educational Administration and Foundations"]}, {"surname": ["Wolf", "Abell"], "given-names": ["DB", "N"], "article-title": ["Examining the effects of meditation techniques on psychosocial functioning"], "source": ["Res Soc Work Pract"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["13"], "fpage": ["27"], "lpage": ["42"], "pub-id": ["10.1177/104973102237471"]}, {"surname": ["Kahn", "Kehle", "Jenson", "Clark"], "given-names": ["JS", "TJ", "WR", "E"], "article-title": ["Comparison of cognitive-behavioral, relaxation, and self-modeling interventions for depression among middle-school students"], "source": ["School Psych Rev"], "year": ["1990"], "volume": ["19"], "fpage": ["196"], "lpage": ["211"]}, {"surname": ["DeBerry"], "given-names": ["S"], "article-title": ["The effects of meditation-relaxation on anxiety and depression in a geriatric population"], "source": ["Psychother Theory Res Pract"], "year": ["1982"], "volume": ["19"], "fpage": ["512"], "lpage": ["521"], "pub-id": ["10.1037/h0088465"]}, {"surname": ["Campo"], "given-names": ["PA"], "article-title": ["Effects of relaxation among sixth-graders on achievement, self-esteem, anxiety and depression"], "source": ["PhD thesis"], "year": ["1993"], "publisher-name": ["Temple University"]}, {"surname": ["Stathopoulou", "Powers", "Berry", "Smits", "Otto"], "given-names": ["G", "MB", "AC", "JAJ", "MW"], "article-title": ["Exercise interventions for mental health: a quantitative and qualitative review"], "source": ["Clinical Psychol Sci Pract"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["13"], "fpage": ["179"], "lpage": ["193"], "pub-id": ["10.1111/j.1468-2850.2006.00021.x"]}, {"surname": ["Phillips", "Kiernan", "King"], "given-names": ["WT", "M", "AC"], "article-title": ["Physical activity as a nonpharmacological treatment for depression: a review"], "source": ["Comp Health Pract Rev"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["8"], "fpage": ["139"], "lpage": ["152"], "pub-id": ["10.1177/1076167502250792"]}, {"surname": ["Berger", "Motl"], "given-names": ["BG", "RW"], "article-title": ["Exercise and mood: a selective review and synthesis of research employing the Profile of Mood States"], "source": ["J Appl Sport Psychol"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["12"], "fpage": ["69"], "lpage": ["92"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/10413200008404214"]}, {"surname": ["Berk"], "given-names": ["RA"], "article-title": ["The active ingredients in humor: psychophysiological benefits and risks for older adults"], "source": ["Educ Gerontol"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["27"], "fpage": ["323"], "lpage": ["339"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/036012701750195021"]}, {"surname": ["Newman", "Stone"], "given-names": ["MG", "AA"], "article-title": ["Does humor moderate the effects of experimentally-induced stress?"], "source": ["Ann Behav Med"], "year": ["1996"], "volume": ["18"], "fpage": ["101"], "lpage": ["109"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/BF02909582"]}, {"surname": ["Houston", "McKee", "Carroll", "Marsh"], "given-names": ["DM", "KJ", "L", "H"], "article-title": ["Using humour to promote psychological wellbeing in residential homes for older people"], "source": ["Aging Ment Health"], "year": ["1998"], "volume": ["2"], "fpage": ["328"], "lpage": ["332"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/13607869856588"]}, {"surname": ["Stavros"], "given-names": ["GS"], "article-title": ["An empirical study of the impact of contemplative prayer on psychological, relational, and spiritual well-being"], "source": ["PhD thesis"], "year": ["1998"], "publisher-name": ["Boston University, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences"]}, {"surname": ["Casden"], "given-names": ["DR"], "article-title": ["The effects of Ashtanga yoga on autonomic, respiratory and cognitive functioning; psychological symptoms and somatic complaints: a controlled study"], "source": ["PhD thesis"], "year": ["2005"], "publisher-name": ["Alliant International University, California School of Professional Psychology"]}, {"surname": ["Micklewright", "Griffin", "Gladwell", "Beneke"], "given-names": ["D", "M", "V", "R"], "article-title": ["Mood state response to massage and subsequent exercise performance"], "source": ["Sport Psychol"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["19"], "fpage": ["234"], "lpage": ["250"]}, {"surname": ["Westermann", "Spies", "Stahl", "Hesse"], "given-names": ["R", "K", "G", "FW"], "article-title": ["Relative effectiveness and validity of mood induction procedures: a meta-analysis"], "source": ["Eur J Soc Psychol"], "year": ["1996"], "volume": ["26"], "fpage": ["557"], "lpage": ["580"], "pub-id": ["10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199607)26:4<557::AID-EJSP769>3.0.CO;2-4"]}, {"surname": ["Taylor"], "given-names": ["MW"], "article-title": ["Effects of initial stress level, social support, and participation in an exercise or music condition on the posttreatment stress, depression, and anxiety of nurses"], "source": ["Diss Abstr Int B"], "year": ["1991"], "volume": ["53"], "fpage": ["3144"]}, {"surname": ["Unwin", "Kenny", "Davis"], "given-names": ["MM", "DT", "PJ"], "article-title": ["The effects of group singing on mood"], "source": ["Psychology of Music"], "year": ["2002"], "volume": ["30"], "fpage": ["175"], "lpage": ["185"], "pub-id": ["10.1177/0305735602302004"]}, {"surname": ["Fava", "Tossani"], "given-names": ["GA", "E"], "article-title": ["Prodromal stage of major depression"], "source": ["Early Intervention in Psychiatry"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["1"], "fpage": ["9"], "lpage": ["18"], "pub-id": ["10.1111/j.1751-7893.2007.00005.x"]}, {"surname": ["Parker", "Crawford"], "given-names": ["G", "J"], "article-title": ["Judged effectiveness of differing antidepressant strategies by those with clinical depression"], "source": ["Aust NZ J Psychiatry"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["41"], "fpage": ["32"], "lpage": ["37"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/00048670601057726"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
186
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Aug 19; 7:13
oa_package/56/30/PMC2542367.tar.gz
PMC2542368
18667068
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>The interaction between tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is complex. In the individual patient, HIV infection weakens the immune system and increases the susceptibility to TB. HIV increases the likelihood of reactivation, reinfection and progressi...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Study area and population</title>", "<p>This study was conducted in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia. The region has 13 administrative zones and an estimated population of 14 million, of which 93% live in rural areas. Only half of the ...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>1308 TB patients and 4199 pregnant women were included in the study. Of the TB patients, 729 (56%) were men and 569 (44%) were women. 309 (24%) patients came from urban and 978 (76%) patients from rural areas. Their mean age was 28.4 years. 544 (42%) patients had smear-positive PTB, ...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>In the recent decades, the number of TB cases has increased by several folds especially in sub-Saharan African countries. HIV infection is considered the main risk factor for the increase in the number TB patients and the proportion of smear-negative and EPTB cases [##REF##1689914...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>The rate of HIV infection in TB patients was associated with the prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women in the general population. The seroprevalence information for TB patients and pregnant women could be valuable for planning, monitoring and evaluation of joint prevent...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>DGD, LTC and LEK supervised data collection and laboratory testing. DGD, MAY and BL analysed, interpreted the findings and prepared the drafts. All authors co...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We would like to thank the SNNPR Health Bureau for providing financial, technical and material support for the study. We are also grateful to the staff working in the ANC, TB units and laboratories of the participating health institutions. Our special thanks go to TB patient...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Map of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia showing the survey sites, 2004 – 2005</bold>. Zonal boundary. Regional boundary. International boundary. Regional capital, Awassa. Lake. TB-HIV survey sites. ...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Socio-demographic characteristics and HIV status of TB patients, southern Ethiopia, 2004 – 2005</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Variables</bold></td><td/><td align=\"left\"><bold>TB ...
[ "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula></inline-formula>", "<in...
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[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>TB = Tuberculosis, HIV = Human immunodeficiency virus, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, AOR = adjusted OR for age and residence</p><p>SD = standard deviation, PTB +ve = smear positive pulmonary TB, PTB -ve = smear negative pulmonary TB, EPTB = extrapulmonary TB, R = relapse,</p><p>F =...
[ "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2458-8-266-i1.gif\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2458-8-266-i2.gif\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2458-8-266-i3.gif\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2458-8-266-i4.gif\"/>", "<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2458-8-266-i5.gif\"/>", "<inline-gr...
[]
[{"surname": ["Harries", "Maher", "Graham"], "given-names": ["A", "D", "S"], "collab": ["TB/HIV"], "article-title": ["A Clinical Manual. 2nd ed. WHO/HTM/TB/2004.329. Geneva. Switzerland"], "source": ["WHO"], "year": ["2004"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage": ["210"]}, {"collab": ["Ministry of Health of Ethiopia"], "article-title": ["Tuberculosis and Leprosy Prevention and Control Programme Manual. 2nd ed. Addis Ababa"], "source": ["Ethiopia: MOH"], "year": ["2002"]}, {"collab": ["Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office"], "article-title": ["AIDS in Ethiopia. Sixth report. Addis Ababa"], "source": ["Ethiopia: MOH"], "year": ["2006"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage": ["52"]}, {"collab": ["World Health Organization"], "article-title": ["Guidelines for HIV Surveillanceamong Tuberculosis patients. 2nd ed. WHO/HTM/TB/2004.339. Geneva. Switzerland"], "source": ["WHO"], "year": ["2004"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage": ["32"]}, {"collab": ["UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance"], "source": ["Guidelines for Conducting HIV Sentinel Serosurveys among Pregnant Women and Other Groups: UNAIDS/03.49E"], "year": ["2003"], "publisher-name": ["Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage": ["66"]}, {"collab": ["Ministry of Health of Ethiopia"], "article-title": ["Revised National Guideline for ANC \u2013 Based HIV Surveillance. Addis Ababa. Ethiopia"], "source": ["MOH"], "year": ["2004"]}, {"collab": ["World Health Organization"], "source": ["Guidelines for HIV surveillance among tuberculosis patients"], "year": ["2004"], "edition": ["2"], "publisher-name": ["Geneva, Switzerland"]}, {"article-title": ["Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia: Demographic and Health Survey 2005"], "source": ["Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"], "year": ["2006"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage": ["410"]}, {"surname": ["Converse", "Dual"], "given-names": ["PJ", "Infection"], "article-title": ["The Challenge of HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis in Ethiopia"], "source": ["Northeast African Studies"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["7"], "fpage": ["147"], "lpage": ["166"], "pub-id": ["10.1353/nas.2004.0002"]}, {"surname": ["Demissie", "Lindtj\u00f8rn", "Tegbaru"], "given-names": ["M", "B", "B"], "article-title": ["Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa"], "source": ["Ethiop J Health Dev"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["14"], "fpage": ["277"], "lpage": ["282"]}, {"collab": ["World Health Organization"], "source": ["Global Tuberculosis Control, surveillance, planning and financing. WHO Report 2005. WHO/HTM/TB/2005.349"], "year": ["2005"], "publisher-name": ["Geneva, Switzerland: WHO"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage": ["247"]}, {"surname": ["Denise", "Sarbani", "Taha"], "given-names": ["V", "C", "T"], "article-title": ["Evaluation of the World Bank's Assistance in Responding to the AIDS Epidemic: Ethiopia Case Study"], "year": ["2005"]}, {"article-title": ["HIV testing policies and HIV surveillance among tuberculosis patients in Europe"], "source": ["Andrea Infuso (EuroTB) and Fran\u00e7oise F Hamers (EuroHIV), Dept of Infectious Diseases, Institut de veille sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
30
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Public Health. 2008 Jul 30; 8:266
oa_package/75/88/PMC2542368.tar.gz
PMC2542369
18775074
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Finding strategies to deal with chronic medical conditions is a priority for improving the health of the world population [##UREF##0##1##]. Studies [##UREF##1##2##, ####REF##9619963##3##, ##REF##15928225##4####15928225##4##] in various countries demonstrate that many people have m...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Study design and data Source</title>", "<p>This study was a secondary analysis of the Quebec Health Survey 1998 (QHS). QHS was approved by the Ethics Committee of Santé Québec. Detailed descriptions of the methods and variables used for the QHS have been described elsewhere [##...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>Table ##TAB##0##1## presents the characteristics of the study sample: 16,782 persons (46% men) were included in the study. Of these men (n = 7,776), 60% (n = 4,525) were 18–44 yr and 40% (n = 3,251) were 45–69 yr of age. Of the women (n = 9,006), 59% (n = 5,385) were 18 to 44 yr and ...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the relationship between multimorbidity and physical activity in this age group. We found that none of the cut-offs of multimorbidity (number of chronic conditions) that we used was associated with physical activity levels when ...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Multimorbidity was not associated with physical activity levels for either sex in adults when age, education, income, and employment factors were controlled for. Long-term limitations on activity and poor-to-average self-rated general health status seem to be related to lower phys...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Limitations of the study</title>", "<p>The following limitations of this study should be kept in mind. In our analyses we used the variables available from the QHS. First, despite the good quality of the data from the QHS 1998 survey (it had a large sample, four data collections to take seasonal variation...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We are grateful to the Quebec Statistics Institute and the CADRISQ for providing the data and the informatics resources to do the analyses. Our special thanks go to Maxime Boucher for his help with the statistical analyses. We are also grateful for the support of the Departm...
[]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of the study population</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"2\"><bold>No. (%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"2\"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\">...
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[{"collab": ["World Health Organization"], "article-title": ["Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions: Building blocks for action: Global report"], "source": ["document no WHO/NMC/CCH/0201"]}, {"surname": ["Daveluy", "Pica", "Audet", "Courtemanche", "Lapointe"], "given-names": ["C", "L", "N", "R", "F"], "source": ["Enqu\u00eate sociale et de sant\u00e9 1998"], "year": ["2000"], "edition": ["2e"], "publisher-name": ["Qu\u00e9bec , Institut de la statistique du Qu\u00e9bec"], "fpage": ["57"], "lpage": ["295"]}, {"surname": ["van den Akker", "Buntinx", "Knottnerus"], "given-names": ["M", "F", "JA"], "article-title": ["Comorbidity or multimorbidity: what's in a name? A review of literature."], "source": ["Eur J Gen Pract"], "year": ["1996"], "volume": ["2"], "fpage": ["65"], "lpage": ["70"]}, {"surname": ["Petruzzello", "Landers", "Hatfield", "Kubitz", "Salazar"], "given-names": ["SJ", "DM", "BD", "KA", "W"], "article-title": ["A meta-analysis on the anxiety-reducing effects of acute and chronic exercise. Outcomes and mechanisms"], "source": ["Sports Med 11(3):143-82"], "year": ["1991"], "volume": ["11"], "fpage": ["143"], "lpage": ["182"], "pub-id": ["10.2165/00007256-199111030-00002"]}, {"surname": ["Garcia", "King"], "given-names": ["AW", "AC"], "article-title": ["Predicting long-term adherence to aerobic exercise: A comparison of two model"], "source": ["J Sport Exerc Psychol"], "year": ["1991"], "volume": ["13"], "fpage": ["394"], "lpage": ["410"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
41
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Public Health. 2008 Sep 5; 8:304
oa_package/67/f6/PMC2542369.tar.gz
PMC2542370
18680612
[]
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[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Editorial</title>", "<p>The Signal Transduction Society (STS) [##UREF##0##1##] is delighted to join BioMed Central with an open access journal. Over the last years, our society members have increasingly appreciated that access to scientific information generated by publicly funded academic research must n...
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[{"article-title": ["Homepage of the Signal Transduction Society"]}, {"article-title": ["Cell Communication and Signaling about page"]}, {"article-title": ["BioMed Central institutional members"]}, {"article-title": ["BioMed Central, APC faq"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
4
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Cell Commun Signal. 2008 Aug 6; 6:1
oa_package/bd/62/PMC2542370.tar.gz
PMC2542371
18783612
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9), previously referred to as <underline>B</underline>asic <underline>T</underline>ranscription <underline>E</underline>lement <underline>B</underline>inding (BTEB) Protein 1, is an evolutionarily well-conserved member of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) fam...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Cell lines</title>", "<p>The generation and initial characterization of the cell lines used in this study were previously described [##REF##11476943##21##,##REF##11953011##22##]. The 4S and 9S sub-lines were derived from the original human HEC-1-A endometrial carcinoma cell lin...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Gene expression profiling</title>", "<p>The 4S/2AS and 9S/3AS pairs of sub-lines were grown on separate occasions to ~80% confluence. Total cellular RNAs from the four sub-lines were concurrently subjected to global gene expression profiling, with each RNA sample analyzed in du...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The present study extended our initial characterization of HEC-1-A sub-lines which were genetically engineered to have enhanced or reduced expression of KLF9, relative to the parental HEC-1-A cell line [##REF##11476943##21##]. Concordant with KLF9's dual function as a transcriptio...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Microarray profiling of HEC-1-A sub-lines, differing in relative expression of KLF9, identified a network of genes downstream of this transcription factor. The nature of the participants in this network implicates KLF9 in control of endometrial cell adhesion to substratum, tumor c...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>FAS and RCMS conceived and designed the study. YS performed bioinformatics, gene annotation, and qRT-PCR data analyses. RX conducted the microarray experiment...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We thank Renea Eason for assistance with the qRT-PCR studies. This research was supported by NIH Grant RO1 HD21961 (RCMS) and by funds from the Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute and the Arkansas Biosciences Institute (FAS, RCMS).</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Differentially expressed transcripts of HEC-1-A sub-lines</bold>. Venn diagrams summarize the number of differentially expressed genes noted between 2AS and 4S sub-lines, between 3AS and 9S sub-lines, and those in common for both comparison...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Primers used in quantitative real-time RT-PCR</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\">Gene Name</td><td align=\"center\">Upstream Primer (5'-3')</td><td align=\"center\">Downstream Primer (5'-3'...
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Table ##TAB##0##1##: RNAs that are more highly expressed in KLF9 AS HEC-1-A sub-lines.</p></caption></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S2\"><caption><title>...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a</sup>All fold change values were statistically significant (<italic>P </italic>&lt; 0.05); n = 2 replicates per cell line.</p></table-wrap-foot>" ]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7827-6-41-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7827-6-41-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7827-6-41-3\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1477-7827-6-41-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1477-7827-6-41-S2.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"article-title": ["The NetAffx Analysis Center"]}, {"italic": ["Entrez "]}, {"article-title": ["Gene Expression Omnibus"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
62
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2008 Sep 10; 6:41
oa_package/2d/23/PMC2542371.tar.gz
PMC2542372
18783621
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Obesity is perhaps the most significant public health problem facing the United States and the Western world today. Each year, an estimated 300,000 Americans die from obesity-related illnesses [##UREF##0##1##]. The latest National Health and Nutrition Examination data show that th...
[]
[]
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Several studies have found that obesity increases the risk of complications and length of hospital stay and is independently associated with increased mortality after elective abdominal surgery [##REF##16957821##10##, ####REF##17103267##11##, ##REF##17481540##12##, ##REF##11997837...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>To reduce the risks that major liver resection poses in morbidly obese patients with significant comorbidity, we suggest implementing a dietary weight-reduction and exercise program to improve the performance status of these patients before resection. While this program is underwa...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Case presentation</title>", "<p>A 41-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of pruritus. Her medical history included morbid obesity (BMI, 56 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), hypertension, and type II diabetes. Her initial liver function tests showed moderately elevated total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>Stephen N. Palmer, PhD, ELS, contributed to the editing of this manuscript. Dr. Palmer is an employee of the Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>A triple-phase helical CT scan shows a 14-cm hypervascular mass involving the right lobe and the medial segment of the left lobe of the liver.</p></caption></fig>" ]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Preoperative liver function tests and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">Total bilirubin (mg/dL)</td><td align=\"center\">1.8</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\">Alk...
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[]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-100-1\"/>" ]
[]
[{"source": ["The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity"], "year": ["2001"], "publisher-name": ["Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
26
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
World J Surg Oncol. 2008 Sep 10; 6:100
oa_package/5a/72/PMC2542372.tar.gz
PMC2542373
18727836
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Although carcinoid tumors can be found throughout the body, 90% occur within the gastrointestinal tract [##REF##9737302##1##]. They preferentially metastasize to the liver and occasionally (&lt; 10%) cause the carcinoid syndrome by secretion of serotonin and its precursors, as wel...
[]
[]
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>A total of sixty cases of primary hepatic carcinoid have been reported, with the largest series being eight patients [##REF##14745329##3##], with long-term follow-up ranging from two to eleven years. Of the reported cases, there is a wide range of age at presentation and there doe...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Carcinoid tumors involving the liver are common, but primary hepatic carcinoid tumors are rare. Classification as a primary hepatic tumor requires extensive workup and prolonged follow-up. Regardless of their size, location, and degree of differentiation, NETs have an inherent mal...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Case presentation</title>", "<p>EG is a 62-year-old female who presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, intermittent in timing and dull in nature, not related to oral intake and not associated with nausea or vomiting. Her past medical history included hypertension, irritable bowel syndrome, ost...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and the accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Ultrasound of the abdomen; Ultrasound of the abdomen depicting a 6.3 × 5.3 × 5.0 heterogenous solid mass in the lateral segment of the left lobe of the liver</bold>.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2...
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[]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-91-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-91-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-91-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-91-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-91-5\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Evers", "Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL"], "given-names": ["BD"], "article-title": ["Small Intestine"], "source": ["Sabiston Textbook of Surgery"], "year": ["2004"], "edition": ["17"], "publisher-name": ["Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders Inc."], "fpage": ["1359"], "lpage": ["1362"]}, {"surname": ["DeLellis", "Osamura"], "given-names": ["RA", "RY"], "article-title": ["Neuroendocrine tumors: an overview"], "source": ["Pathology Case Reviews"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["11"], "fpage": ["229"], "lpage": ["234"], "pub-id": ["10.1097/01.pcr.0000251144.72627.91"]}, {"surname": ["Graeme-Cook", "Odze R"], "given-names": ["F"], "article-title": ["Neuroendocrine tumors of the GI tract and appendix"], "source": ["Surgical Pathology of the GI Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas"], "year": ["2003"], "edition": ["1"], "publisher-name": ["Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders Inc."], "fpage": ["485"], "lpage": ["486"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
16
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
World J Surg Oncol. 2008 Aug 27; 6:91
oa_package/49/4b/PMC2542373.tar.gz
PMC2542374
18771600
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Cutaneous metastasis arising from colorectal malignancy is a rare occurrence though well reported in literature. It is a pointer to more widespread disease and usually indicates a poor prognosis. Cutaneous metastasis can be the presenting feature before the primary is diagnosed e....
[]
[]
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Stomal recurrence following abdomino-perineal resection of a rectal cancer would indicate a metachronous tumour arising from the colonic mucosa. This is well reported in world literature with at least 10 cases described [##REF##12051539##1##, ####REF##17567928##2##, ##REF##1626302...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Cutaneous metastasis following colorectal cancer resection is a well-recognised entity though rare. Any unusual skin lesions especially on the abdominal wall skin, previous incision scars or near the stoma should be biopsied early to rule out metastatic disease and systematic work...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Case presentation</title>", "<p>A 61 year old lady was referred by the General Practitioner as an emergency with a rapidly enlarging fungating mass around her end-colostomy site. She had undergone an abdomino-perineal resection 14 years earlier for a Duke's B rectal cancer. She had initially presented 14 ...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Clinical photograph showing peristomal cutaneous metastasis.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>CT scan of the mass, showing abdominal wall metastasis.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig posit...
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[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-96-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-96-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-96-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-96-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-96-5\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-96-6\"/>" ]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
23
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
World J Surg Oncol. 2008 Sep 5; 6:96
oa_package/57/89/PMC2542374.tar.gz
PMC2542375
18667072
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Recent events have demonstrated that the capability to assess exposure and infection of individuals by biological threat agent (BTA) well in advance of onset of illness or at various stages post-exposure could offer important diagnostic and therapeutic benefits. Direct pathogen id...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<p>For the <italic>in vitro</italic> studies, the bacterial pathogens used were <italic>Bacillus anthracis</italic>, <italic>Yersinia pestis</italic>, <italic>Brucella melitensis</italic>; toxins: SEB, CT, BoNT-A; viruses: VEE and DEN-2.</p>", "<p>We isolated RNA from human lymphoid c...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Host gene expression <italic>in vitro</italic></title>", "<p>Microarray analysis was carried out at 3–6 time periods post exposure of PBMC to each pathogen or vehicle. Prior studies [##REF##12578971##11##] showed specific gene sets related to sex, age and other parameters, ther...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The objective of this study was to use host gene expression responses to aid in detection of exposure to biological threat agents, we aimed to a) discriminate among various pathogenic agents that start with similar flu-like symptoms [##REF##9244332##14##] yet lead to severe illnes...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Rapid detection, before the symptoms appear or even at various stages of illness offers the opportunity to initiate stage-specific therapeutic approaches to ameliorate the devastating results of these pathogenic agents. The use of host genomic markers offers an option to different...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>RD and RH drafted the manuscript, performed the genomic analysis, data mining and the apoptosis studies. GVL; BK; XH; CP; MJ; LS; NK; DH and LL carried out th...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Project Number: G0020_04_WR_B.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>(a) <italic>B. anthracis </italic>exposure to PBMC from 3 different donors. Data shown are from exposures at 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. Data from each exposure time period were separately evaluated in order to identify common trends among the three donors...
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Comparison of time course of progression of illness for selected BTAs and pathogens: Graph courtesy of COL George Korch, USAMRIID, Ft. Detrick, Maryland. Hatched marks indicate onset of flu-like symptoms (feve...
[]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2334-8-104-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2334-8-104-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2334-8-104-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2334-8-104-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2334-8-104-5\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2334-8-104-6\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\...
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2334-8-104-S1.eps\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"postscript\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2334-8-104-S2.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media x...
[{}, {"surname": ["Glantz", "Slinker"], "given-names": ["SA", "BK"], "source": ["Primer of Applied Regression and Analysis of Variance"], "year": ["1990"], "publisher-name": ["New York: McGraw-Hill"]}, {"surname": ["Campbell", "Dennis", "Kasper DL ea"], "given-names": ["GL", "DT"], "article-title": ["Plague and other Yersinia infections"], "source": ["Harrison's principles of internal medicine"], "year": ["1998"], "edition": ["14"], "publisher-name": ["New York: McGraw Hill"], "fpage": ["975"], "lpage": ["983"]}, {"surname": ["Jett", "Das", "Cummings", "Mendis", "Neill", "Hoover", "Lindler", "Paranavitana", "Huang", "Ludwig", "Wade J"], "given-names": ["M", "R", "C", "C", "R", "D", "L", "C", "X", "G"], "article-title": ["Identification Of Changes In Gene Expression Induced By Toxic Agents: Implications for Therapy And Rapid Diagnosis"], "source": ["NATO: Operational Issues in Chemical and Biological Defense Human Factors in Medicine Panel; Estoril, Portugal"], "year": ["2001"]}, {"surname": ["Jett", "Ionin", "Das", "Ramamoorthy", "Neill", "Creighton TE"], "given-names": ["M", "B", "R", "P", "R"], "article-title": ["Enterotoxins"], "source": ["The Encyclopedia of Molecular Medicine"], "year": ["2002"], "volume": ["5"], "publisher-name": ["New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc"], "fpage": ["1170"], "lpage": ["1174"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
47
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Infect Dis. 2008 Jul 30; 8:104
oa_package/f8/4a/PMC2542375.tar.gz
PMC2542376
18755044
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Antarctic Krill are ancestors of clayfish and prawn. They have a slow evolutionary speed, and are not good at swimming. They are distributed in Vancouver saigan sea area, Russia, Ukraine and so on. They have the largest amount of protein among all organisms so far, over 16% in wet...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Preparation of KO</title>", "<p>The krill oil was purchased from local market. The oil was placed at the refrigerator with the temperature of -20°C. Distilled water was added to Ryoto sugar ester (S-1170F, Mitsubishi-Kagaku Foods Corporation) to make the concentration 5 g/L, an...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Establishment of hyperlipidemia rats model</title>", "<p>The results showed that the total TC, TG, and LDL-C of serum of rats significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) after 2 weeks of HFD, while high HDL-C decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) compared with pre-feeding. It indicat...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>It suggested that administration of KO caused significant change in body weight and the KO had good weight lose effect similar to the lipid-reducing medicine. It has also been reported that different types of fatty acids have different effects on body weight gain and insulin resis...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>The main finding of this study was that the treatment with KO reduced the body weight and serum TG, TC and LDL-C levels significantly. The results showed hypolipidemic properties and thus, the consumption of KO may provide benefit to control serum lipid levels in certain diseases....
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>List of abbreviations used</title>", "<p>ALA: alpha-linolenic acid; CVD: cardiovascular disease; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: essential eicosapentaenoic acid; HFD: high fat diet; KO: krill oil; MTT: methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium; PPARs: peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors.</p>", "<title>Compe...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>The authors express their appreciation to Chun-Mei Yang, Yang Yang and Hui Liu for assistance in cell study. The authors also gratefully acknowledge Zhi-Guo Zhang, Hua-Li and Gao-Feng Yuan for animial study.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Effects of KO on body weights of rats</bold>. The body weight of experimental rats ( ± s, g, n = 10) in the third (3rd w) and seventh (7th w) weeks. *, p &lt; 0.05, compared with high lipid model control group; **, p &lt; 0.01, compared wit...
[]
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[]
[{"surname": ["Kolakowska", "Kolakowski", "Szczygielski"], "given-names": ["A", "E", "M"], "article-title": ["Winter season krill (Euphausia superba Dana) as a source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids"], "source": ["Die Nahrung"], "year": ["1994"], "volume": ["38"], "fpage": ["128"], "lpage": ["134"], "pub-id": ["10.1002/food.19940380204"]}, {"surname": ["Ruben", "Luis", "Katy", "Georgina", "Claudio"], "given-names": ["B", "R", "Y", "D", "R"], "article-title": ["Oxidative stability of carotenoid pigments and polyunsaturated fatty acids in microparticulate diets containing krill oil for nutrition of marine fish larvae"], "source": ["J Food Eng"], "year": ["2003"], "volume": ["56"], "fpage": ["289"], "lpage": ["293"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00272-8"]}, {"surname": ["Grimaldi"], "given-names": ["PA"], "article-title": ["Fatty acid regulation of gene expression"], "source": ["Curr Opin Clin Nutr"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["4"], "fpage": ["433"], "lpage": ["437"], "pub-id": ["10.1097/00075197-200109000-00015"]}, {"surname": ["Harper", "Jacobson"], "given-names": ["CR", "TA"], "article-title": ["Usefulness of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of coronary heart disease"], "source": ["Am J Cardio"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["96"], "fpage": ["1521"], "lpage": ["1529"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.07.071"]}, {"surname": ["Tsao", "Kim", "Hong"], "given-names": ["AS", "ES", "WK"], "article-title": ["Chemoprevention of cancer"], "source": ["Cancer J for Clinicians"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["54"], "fpage": ["150"], "lpage": ["180"]}, {"surname": ["Jemal", "Murray", "Ward", "Samuels", "Tiwari", "Ghafoor", "Feuer", "Thun"], "given-names": ["A", "T", "E", "A", "RC", "A", "EJ", "MJ"], "article-title": ["Cancer statistics"], "source": ["Cancer J for Clinicians"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["55"], "fpage": ["10"], "lpage": ["30"]}, {"surname": ["Dieter", "Marian", "Heinz", "Ruthard"], "given-names": ["VA", "B", "R", "J"], "article-title": ["Influence of a diet rich in fish oil on blood pressure, body weight and cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats"], "source": ["Eur J Appl Physiol"], "year": ["1988"], "volume": ["58"], "fpage": ["97"], "lpage": ["99"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/BF00636610"]}, {"surname": ["Zhao", "Li", "Yang", "Liu", "He", "Li"], "given-names": ["P", "B", "JF", "RZ", "WT", "F"], "article-title": ["Effect of Natural Taurine on Reducing Blood Lipids"], "source": ["Acta Nutrimenta Sinica"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["27"], "fpage": ["70"], "lpage": ["71"]}, {"surname": ["Yang", "Zhang", "Li"], "given-names": ["XQ", "HD", "L"], "article-title": ["The Antioxidants and Antilipemic effects of Flavonoids extracted from Pomelo Peel"], "source": ["Acta Nutrimenta Sinica"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["26"], "fpage": ["378"], "lpage": ["381"]}, {"surname": ["Park", "Choi", "Kim"], "given-names": ["HS", "JS", "KH"], "article-title": ["Docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil and pectin have a hypolipidemic effect, but pectin increases risk factor for colon cancer in rats"], "source": ["Nutr Res"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["20"], "fpage": ["1783"], "lpage": ["1794"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00269-4"]}, {"surname": ["Zhou", "Blackburn"], "given-names": ["JR", "GL"], "article-title": ["Bridging animal and human studies: what are the missing segments in dietary fat and prostate cancer?"], "source": ["Am J Clinl Nutr"], "year": ["1997"], "volume": ["66"], "fpage": ["1572S"], "lpage": ["1580S"]}, {"surname": ["Moschetta", "Portincasa", "van Erpecum", "Debellis", "vanBerge-Henegouwen", "Palasciano"], "given-names": ["A", "P", "KJ", "L", "GP", "G"], "article-title": ["Dietary sphingomyelin protects against apoptosis and hyperproliferation induced by the hydrophobic bile salt deoxycholate potential implications for colon cancer"], "source": ["Digest Liver Dis"], "year": ["2002"], "volume": ["34"], "fpage": ["A72"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S1590-8658(02)90276-8"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
29
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Lipids Health Dis. 2008 Aug 29; 7:30
oa_package/1f/f1/PMC2542376.tar.gz
PMC2542377
18710580
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Ants of the Northern-hemispheric, temperate genus <italic>Lasius </italic>(Formicinae) are scientifically significant, in terms of relative abundance and ecological impact [##UREF##0##1##,##UREF##1##2##]. Because of the diversity of their signal and defense chemistry, <italic>Lasi...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>The study system</title>", "<p>The species of the ant genus <italic>Lasius </italic>are currently placed in six subgenera, <italic>Acanthomyops</italic>, <italic>Austrolasius</italic>, <italic>Cautolasius</italic>, <italic>Chthonolasius</italic>, <italic>Dendrolasius</italic>, ...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>We found no evidence for saturation of substitutions, neither for the <italic>16S ribosomal RNA </italic>(<italic>16S rRNA</italic>) nor for any of the codon positions, single or in combination, of the <italic>cytochrome c oxidase subunit I </italic>(<italic>cox1</italic>) data. Test...
[ "<title>Discussion and Conclusion</title>", "<title>The new phylogenetic framework</title>", "<p>The new phylogenetic framework we present clarifies the relationships of all but one subgenus, namely the position of <italic>Cautolasius </italic>relative to the other subgenera: MP reconstructions significantly su...
[ "<title>Discussion and Conclusion</title>", "<title>The new phylogenetic framework</title>", "<p>The new phylogenetic framework we present clarifies the relationships of all but one subgenus, namely the position of <italic>Cautolasius </italic>relative to the other subgenera: MP reconstructions significantly su...
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Ants of the genus <italic>Lasius </italic>are ecologically important and an important system for evolutionary research. Progress in evolutionary research has been hindered by the lack of a well-founded phylogeny of the subgenera, with three previous attempts disagreeing. Here we e...
[ "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>MM initiated the study, participated in its design and coordination, carried out the DNA sequencing work, performed the sequence alignment, and sampled the morphological characters. FMS participated in the design and coordination of the study, in the data analysis, in ...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We thank A. Françoeur, N. Fujiwara, K. Hamaguti, Y. Ikeshita, T. Itino, F. Ito, Y. Kida, K. Kinomura, T. Kishimoto, T. Komatsu, S. Nagashima, K. Ogata, M. Ôhara, J.M. Raczkowski, C.A. Schmidt, T. Shimada, T. Toida for providing material. This work was performed at the molecu...
[ "<fig id=\"F1\" position=\"float\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Subgenus relationships in the previous and new phylogenetic reconstructions of the genus <italic>Lasius</italic></bold>. Subgenera abbreviations: <italic>Acanthomyops </italic>(<italic>Ac</italic>), <italic>Austrolasius </italic>(<italic>Au...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"T1\" position=\"float\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>List of samples used for DNA sequencing and morphological analysis</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Species</th><th align=\"left\">Subgenus</th><th align=\"left\">Collection locality; colle...
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional File 1</title><p><bold>Definition and data matrix of morphological characters</bold>. L worker larva, M adult male, Q adult queen, W adult worker. The characters are consecutively numbered in the definitions which equal the nu...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>Voucher specimens have been deposited at the National Science Museum, Tokyo, with the numbers indicated and a reference to this publication (Maruyama et al. 2008/voucher no). Abbreviations of <italic>Lasius </italic>subgenera are <italic>Acanthomyops </italic>(<italic>Ac</italic>), <italic>Aust...
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[ "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-237-S1.xls\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"vnd.ms-excel\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>" ]
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Privately published"], "year": ["1991"], "publisher-name": ["University of Hawaii"]}, {"surname": ["Xia", "Xie"], "given-names": ["X", "Z"], "article-title": ["DAMBE: Data analysis in molecular biology and evolution"], "source": ["J Heredity"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["92"], "fpage": ["371"], "lpage": ["373"], "pub-id": ["10.1093/jhered/92.4.371"]}, {"surname": ["Lemmon", "Moriarty"], "given-names": ["AR", "EC"], "article-title": ["The importance of proper model assumption in Bayesian phylogenetics"], "source": ["Syst Biol"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["53"], "fpage": ["267"], "lpage": ["277"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/10635150490423520"]}, {"surname": ["Nylander"], "given-names": ["JAA"], "source": ["MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author"], "year": ["2004"], "publisher-name": ["Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University"]}, {"surname": ["Kass", "Raftery"], "given-names": ["RE", "AE"], "article-title": ["Bayes factors"], "source": ["J Am Stat Assoc"], "year": ["1995"], "volume": ["90"], "fpage": ["773"], "lpage": ["795"], "pub-id": ["10.2307/2291091"]}, {"surname": ["Hillis", "Bull"], "given-names": ["DM", "JJ"], "article-title": ["An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis"], "source": ["Syst Biol"], "year": ["1993"], "volume": ["42"], "fpage": ["182"], "lpage": ["192"], "pub-id": ["10.2307/2992540"]}, {"surname": ["Swofford"], "given-names": ["DL"], "source": ["PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), ver. 4.0b4a"], "year": ["2003"], "publisher-name": ["Sunderland, MA: Sinauer"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
101
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 17:11:36
BMC Evol Biol. 2008 Aug 19; 8:237
oa_package/17/d1/PMC2542377.tar.gz
PMC2542378
18775065
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>The Poaceae family (grasses) contains some of the most economically important and well studied plant species, e.g. maize, wheat, barley, and rice. Generally speaking the Pooideae subfamily, which includes wheat, barley and forage grasses, are adapted to cold seasons. Many species ...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title><italic>In silico </italic>IRI-like sequence mining</title>", "<p>A blastn search in the NCBI database was performed using <italic>TaIRI1</italic>. All sequences with blast E-value &lt; 1*10<sup>-20 </sup>were downloaded from the EST and core nucleotide databases. Contigs were ...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Screening of perennial ryegrass BAC libraries</title>", "<p>Initial screening of the perennial ryegrass (<italic>Lolium perenne</italic>) LTS18 BAC library with the <italic>LpAFP </italic>primer pair produced two hits, from which <italic>LpIRI1 </italic>(<ext-link ext-link-type...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Until now only three cold tolerant grass IRI protein coding genes have been reported; a partial coding sequence of an IRI-domain from perennial ryegrass [##REF##10917518##14##], and two highly identical full length mRNA paralogs from wheat [##REF##15792959##10##]. Through <italic>...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>The IRI-like genes identified by Sidebottom et al. [##REF##10917518##14##] and Tremblay et al. [##REF##15792959##10##], and in this study tell a tale of a complex evolutionary history that includes birth of an ice binding domain, a burst of gene duplication events after cold toler...
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Grasses are adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. Species of the subfamily Pooideae, which includes wheat, barley and important forage grasses, have evolved extreme frost tolerance. A class of ice binding proteins that inhibit ice re-crystallisation, specific to the Pooi...
[ "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>SRS conceived the study, carried out molecular genetics work and molecular analysis, and drafted the manuscript. HR carried out molecular genetics work, helped with data analysis, and participated in manuscript drafting. TA carried out molecular work and helped draft t...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We thank Kjetil Fosnes for assistance with BAC sequencing and Dr. Magnus Dehli Vigeland, Dr. Gordon Allison, and anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the manuscript. This study was funded through the KMB project <italic>Festulolium </italic>with Improved Forage Quali...
[ "<fig id=\"F1\" position=\"float\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Predicted peptide structure of <italic>OsLRR-PSR </italic>and IRI-like sequences</bold>. Peptide structures of the LRR and IRI-domains of IRI-like sequences as predicted by Pfam and by visual characterisation, respectively. <italic>OsLRR-PS...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"T1\" position=\"float\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>All IRI-like sequences identified through EST <italic>in silico </italic>mining.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Species</th><th align=\"center\">No. EST sequences</th><th align=\"center\"...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>EST accession numbers. Table giving all EST accession numbers included in the full length IRI-like <italic>in silico </italic>mined sequences.</p></caption></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-materia...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>IRI-like gene homologous ESTs were identified by a blastn search using <italic>TaIRI1</italic>.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>Accession numbers are given for putative orthologous genes from wheat (Ta), perennial ryegrass (Lp) and rice (Os) used for evolutionary rate control. Th...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-245-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-245-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-245-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-245-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-245-5\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-245-6\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-245-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-245-S2.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:hr...
[{"surname": ["Barrett"], "given-names": ["J"], "article-title": ["Thermal hysteresis proteins"], "source": ["The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["33"], "issue": ["2"], "fpage": ["105"], "lpage": ["117"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/S1357-2725(00)00083-2"]}, {"surname": ["Salse", "Bolot", "Throude", "Jouffe", "Piegu", "Masood Quraishi", "Calcagno", "Cooke", "Delseny", "Feuillet"], "given-names": ["J", "S", "M", "V", "B", "U", "T", "R", "M", "C"], "article-title": ["Identification and Characterization of Shared Duplications between Rice and Wheat Provide New Insight into Grass Genome Evolution"], "source": ["Plant Cell"], "year": ["2008"], "comment": ["tpc.107.056309"]}, {"surname": ["Gaut", "Morton", "McCaig", "Clegg"], "given-names": ["BS", "BR", "BC", "MT"], "article-title": ["Substitution rate comparisons between grasses and palms: Synonymous rate differences at the nuclear gene Adh parallel rate differences at the plastid gene rbcL"], "source": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"], "year": ["1996"], "volume": ["93"], "issue": ["19"], "fpage": ["10274"], "lpage": ["10279"], "pub-id": ["10.1073/pnas.93.19.10274"]}, {"surname": ["Paterson", "Bowers", "Chapman"], "given-names": ["AH", "JE", "BA"], "article-title": ["Ancient polyploidization predating divergence of the cereals, and its consequences for comparative genomics"], "source": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["101"], "issue": ["26"], "fpage": ["9903"], "lpage": ["9908"], "pub-id": ["10.1073/pnas.0307901101"]}, {"surname": ["Huang", "Sirikhachornkit", "Su", "Faris", "Gill", "Haselkorn", "Gornicki"], "given-names": ["S", "A", "X", "J", "B", "R", "P"], "article-title": ["Genes encoding plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase of the Triticum/Aegilops complex and the evolutionary history of polyploid wheat"], "source": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"], "year": ["2002"], "volume": ["99"], "issue": ["12"], "fpage": ["8133"], "lpage": ["8138"], "pub-id": ["10.1073/pnas.072223799"]}, {"surname": ["Tocchini-Valentini", "Fruscoloni", "Tocchini-Valentini"], "given-names": ["GD", "P", "GP"], "article-title": ["From the Cover: Structure, function, and evolution of the tRNA endonucleases of Archaea: An example of subfunctionalization"], "source": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["102"], "issue": ["25"], "fpage": ["8933"], "lpage": ["8938"], "pub-id": ["10.1073/pnas.0502350102"]}, {"surname": ["Shiu", "Bleecker"], "given-names": ["S-H", "AB"], "article-title": ["Receptor-like kinases from Arabidopsis form a monophyletic gene family related to animal receptor kinases"], "source": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["98"], "issue": ["19"], "fpage": ["10763"], "lpage": ["10768"], "pub-id": ["10.1073/pnas.181141598"]}, {"surname": ["Farrar", "Asp", "Lubberstedt", "Xu", "Thomas", "Christiansen", "Humphreys", "Donnison"], "given-names": ["K", "T", "T", "ML", "AM", "C", "MO", "IS"], "article-title": ["Construction of two Lolium perenne BAC libraries and identification of BACs containing candidate genes for disease resistance and forage quality"], "source": ["Molecular Breeding"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["19"], "issue": ["1"], "fpage": ["15"], "lpage": ["23"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/s11032-006-9036-z"]}, {"surname": ["Nei", "Kumar"], "given-names": ["M", "S"], "source": ["Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics"], "year": ["2000"], "publisher-name": ["Oxford University Press"]}, {"surname": ["Yang"], "given-names": ["Z"], "article-title": ["PAML: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood"], "source": ["Computational Applied Bioscience"], "year": ["1997"], "volume": ["13"], "issue": ["5"], "fpage": ["555"], "lpage": ["556"]}, {"surname": ["Hall"], "given-names": ["TA"], "article-title": ["BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT"], "source": ["Nucleic Acids Symposium Series"], "year": ["1999"], "volume": ["41"], "fpage": ["95"], "lpage": ["98"]}, {"surname": ["Aikake"], "given-names": ["H"], "article-title": ["A new look at the statistical model identification"], "source": ["IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control"], "year": ["1974"], "volume": ["19"], "issue": ["3"], "fpage": ["716"], "lpage": ["723"], "pub-id": ["10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
58
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 17:11:36
BMC Evol Biol. 2008 Sep 5; 8:245
oa_package/09/cc/PMC2542378.tar.gz
PMC2542379
18775069
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Modern birds derive from theropod dinosaurs. The most ancient Avialae [##UREF##0##1##] is the well-known \"dinobird\" <italic>Archaeopteryx lithographica</italic>, which lived some 150 million years ago (mya) and possessed teeth. The most recent toothed Avialae in the fossil recor...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Blast search</title>", "<p>AMEL, AMBN, ENAM, DSPP were searched (BLASTN) in the most recent chicken assembly genome (WASHUC2) using either full-length amniote sequences or various e-primers defined from conserved regions. In addition to various mammalian sequences available for...
[ "<title>Results and discussion</title>", "<title>Search for dental protein genes in the chicken genome using BLASTN</title>", "<p>Searching for the four genes (AMEL, AMBN, ENAM, DSPP) in the chicken genome failed to return any result. Blast searching for these genes proved to be unfruitful, even when low sensit...
[ "<title>Results and discussion</title>", "<title>Search for dental protein genes in the chicken genome using BLASTN</title>", "<p>Searching for the four genes (AMEL, AMBN, ENAM, DSPP) in the chicken genome failed to return any result. Blast searching for these genes proved to be unfruitful, even when low sensit...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Eliciting well-developed, reptilian teeth (i.e. with enamel cap) in chicken will remain unachievable because all genes encoding the structural proteins crucial for enamel and dentine formation have been invalidated or have disappeared from the chicken genome. The odontogenic pathw...
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>The ability to form teeth was lost in an ancestor of all modern birds, approximately 100-80 million years ago. However, experiments in chicken have revealed that the oral epithelium can respond to inductive signals from mouse mesenchyme, leading to reactivation of the odontogenic ...
[ "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>JYS and MG designed the research and analyzed the data; JYS, MG, and SD performed the research; MG contributed analytic tools; and JYS wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.</p>" ]
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>SD and JYS were financially supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Université Pierre &amp; Marie Curie-Paris 6 via UMR 7138; MG supports came from the CNRS and the Université Paris Sud via UMR 8079.</p>" ]
[ "<fig id=\"F1\" position=\"float\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>(<italic>A</italic>) Location of amelogenin (AMEL) on human chromosome X. (<italic>B</italic>) Homologous region on chicken chromosome 1 and the putative location of AMEL</bold>. In chicken, HCCS is located on chromosome 8 (LOC424482). ARHG...
[]
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[]
[]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-246-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-246-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-246-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-246-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-246-5\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-246-6\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\...
[]
[{"surname": ["Gauthier"], "given-names": ["J"], "article-title": ["Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds"], "source": ["Mem Calif Acad Sci"], "year": ["1986"], "volume": ["8"], "fpage": ["185"], "lpage": ["197"]}, {"surname": ["Clarke"], "given-names": ["JA"], "article-title": ["Morphology, phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of "], "italic": ["Ichthyornis ", "Apatornis "], "source": ["Bull Amer Mus Nat Hist"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["286"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage": ["179"], "pub-id": ["10.1206/0003-0090(2004)286<0001:MPTASO>2.0.CO;2"]}, {"surname": ["Fountaine", "Benton", "Dyke", "Nudds"], "given-names": ["TMR", "MJ", "GJ", "RL"], "article-title": ["The quality of the fossil record of Mesozoic birds"], "source": ["Proc R Soc London, B"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["272"], "fpage": ["289"], "lpage": ["294"], "pub-id": ["10.1098/rspb.2004.2923"]}, {"surname": ["Zhou"], "given-names": ["Z"], "article-title": ["The origin and early evolution of birds: discoveries, disputes, and perspectives from fossil evidence"], "source": ["Naturwissenchaften"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["91"], "fpage": ["455"], "lpage": ["471"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/s00114-004-0570-4"]}, {"surname": ["Smith", "Peterson"], "given-names": ["AB", "KJ"], "article-title": ["Dating the time of origin of major clades: Molecular clocks and the fossil record"], "source": ["Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci"], "year": ["2002"], "volume": ["30"], "fpage": ["65"], "lpage": ["88"], "pub-id": ["10.1146/annurev.earth.30.091201.140057"]}, {"surname": ["Haze", "Taylor", "Blumenfeld", "Rosenfeld", "Leiser", "Dafni", "Shay", "Gruenbaum-Cohen", "Fermon", "Haegewald"], "given-names": ["A", "AL", "A", "E", "Y", "L", "B", "Y", "E", "S"], "collab": ["(and 2 co-authors)"], "article-title": ["Amelogenin expression in long bone and cartilage cells and in bone marrow progenitor cells"], "source": ["Anat Rec"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["290"], "fpage": ["455"], "lpage": ["460"], "pub-id": ["10.1002/ar.20520"]}, {"surname": ["Kawasaki", "Weiss"], "given-names": ["K", "KM"], "article-title": ["Gene duplication and the evolution of vertebrate skeletal mineralization"], "source": ["Cell Tissue Organ"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["186"], "fpage": ["7"], "lpage": ["24"], "pub-id": ["10.1159/000102678"]}, {"surname": ["Sire", "Davit-B\u00e9al", "Delgado", "Gu"], "given-names": ["JY", "T", "S", "X"], "article-title": ["The origin and evolution of enamel mineralization genes"], "source": ["Cell Tissue Organ"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["186"], "fpage": ["25"], "lpage": ["48"], "pub-id": ["10.1159/000102679"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
32
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 17:11:36
BMC Evol Biol. 2008 Sep 5; 8:246
oa_package/26/a7/PMC2542379.tar.gz
PMC2542380
18778480
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>F<sc>REGENE</sc> (FoRward Evolution of GENomic rEgions) is <italic>C</italic><sup>++ </sup>code for simulating sequence-level genetic data over large genomic regions in large populations. Unlike coalescent-based simulators it runs forward-in-time, which allows it to provide a wide...
[]
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>'Ready to use' simulated data sets</title>", "<p>Two standard population models, each with 10.5 K individuals, have been simulated over 20 Mb genomes, and the final generations are available as test datasets: population A is panmictic, while population B is subdivided into thre...
[]
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>F<sc>REGENE</sc> incorporates many useful features for population biologists and genetic epidemiologists, and has already been used to assess methods for the analysis of genome-wide association studies [##REF##17033967##10##, ####REF##17616979##11##, ##REF##18200594##12####1820059...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Implementation</title>", "<title>Overview</title>", "<p>F<sc>REGENE</sc> simulates the evolution of a monoecious, diploid, potentially subdivided, population over non-overlapping generations. The genome consists of a single, linear chromosome, whose sequence is recorded as a list of sites at which the m...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>MCH and CH were funded by the UK Medical Research Council and POR by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. This work has been carried out within the BARGEN project, under the LINK scheme operated by the UK Department of Trade and Industry. We thank Will...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Recombination rate (log scale) along the chromosome for populations A and B</bold>. Solid green and dotted blue vertical lines represent first and last position of regions and subregions respectively.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Simulation parameters. </p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"2\"><bold>General parameters </bold>(only applies to populations A and B)</td></tr><tr><td align=\"right\">Chromosome Le...
[ "<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\" name=\"1471-2105-9-364-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mi mathvariant=\"script\">N</mml:mi></mml:semantics></mml:math></inline-formula>", "<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" i...
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p><bold>F<sc>REGENE</sc> and S<sc>AMPLE</sc> codes</bold>. this file contains F<sc>REGENE</sc> and S<sc>AMPLE</sc> source codes, together with the extensive documentation, and example files to run F<sc>REGENE</s...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>The first section only applies to populations A and B; the corresponding values for population C are detailed in the main the text and some are also illustrated in Figure 2.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>Mean diversity over the final 50 k generations (number of polymorphic site...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-364-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-364-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-364-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-364-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-364-5\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-364-S1.tgz\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"x-zip-compressed\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-364-S2.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"surname": ["Hey"], "given-names": ["J"], "article-title": ["FPG \u2013 A computer program for forward population genetic simulation"], "year": ["2004"]}, {"surname": ["Weir"], "given-names": ["BS"], "source": ["Genetic Data Analysis II"], "year": ["1996"], "publisher-name": ["Sunderland, MA 01375, USA: Sinauer Associates, Inc."]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
12
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Bioinformatics. 2008 Sep 8; 9:364
oa_package/7e/bf/PMC2542380.tar.gz
PMC2542381
18752676
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Seven years after the first drafts of the human genome were published [##REF##11237011##1##,##REF##11181995##2##] and three years after the completion of sequencing the human genome, the exact number of the protein-coding genes encoded in this genome is still unknown: the most lik...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Protein sequence data analyzed</title>", "<title>Protein sequence databases</title>", "<p>In the analysis of the Swiss-Prot section of the UniProtKB we have included Metazoan species that have at least 1000 Swiss-Prot entries. The UniProtKB Swiss-Prot [##REF##17142230##37##] ...
[ "<title>Results and discussion</title>", "<title>Validation of the MisPred approach on the Swiss-Prot section of the UniProtKB</title>", "<p>The Swiss-Prot section of UniProtKB is the gold standard of protein databases therefore we have used Swiss-Prot as the benchmark with which to validate the concepts behind...
[ "<title>Results and discussion</title>", "<title>Validation of the MisPred approach on the Swiss-Prot section of the UniProtKB</title>", "<p>The Swiss-Prot section of UniProtKB is the gold standard of protein databases therefore we have used Swiss-Prot as the benchmark with which to validate the concepts behind...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>MisPred may identify proteins as suspicious for three different reasons.</p>", "<title>MisPred may identify normal, viable proteins as suspicious due to errors of genomic data and limitations of the bioinformatic tools incorporated in MisPred</title>", "<p>MisPred analyses of ...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Summary</title>", "<p>Recent studies have shown that a significant proportion of eukaryotic genes may be mispredicted at the transcript level [##REF##16925836##5##,##REF##18087260##6##]. Since the MisPred routines described here are able to detect many of these errors and may aid the correction of these e...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>This work was carried out as part of the BioSapiens project. The BioSapiens project is funded by the European Commission within its FP6 Programme, under the thematic area \"Life sciences, genomics and biotechnology for health\", contract number LHSG-CT-2003-503265. The autho...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Error detected by MisPred routine for Conflict 1: the case of the Swiss-Prot entry LPLC4_HUMAN</bold>. The protein contains extracellular domains LBP_BPI_CETP and LBP_BPI_CETP_C but was found to lack both a signal peptide and transmembrane ...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>MisPred analysis of Swiss-Prot entries</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"12\"><bold>UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot</bold></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Conflict 1</b...
[]
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[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Comments on entries identified by MisPred routines as suspicious and detailed description of Conflict 4. The file describes detailed analyses and comments of the entries identified as suspicious by the differe...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>*Values for suspicious, false positive and true positive sequences are expressed as percentage of the proteins relevant for the given conflict.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>*Values for suspicious, false positive and true positive sequences are expressed as percentage of the pr...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-353-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-353-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-353-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-353-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-353-5\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-353-6\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-353-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-353-S2.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:hr...
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
47
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Bioinformatics. 2008 Aug 27; 9:353
oa_package/69/49/PMC2542381.tar.gz
PMC2542383
18755027
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Cytochrome P450 is the collective name for a super family of heme-containing monooxygenases. P450 enzymes not only participate in the production of diverse metabolites but also play critical roles in organism's adaptation to specific ecological and/or nutritional niches by modifyi...
[]
[]
[ "<title>Utilities and discussion</title>", "<title>Accessing lists and sequences of fungal P450s based on species of origin and taxonomic position</title>", "<p>To support efficient search and retrieval of sequences of P450s, data archived in FCPD can be browsed and searched through multiple methods. Upon selec...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>To our knowledge, FCPD is the most comprehensive database that archives and classifies P450s in publicly available fungal and oomycete genomes (65 fungal and 4 oomycete species) through a systematic identification pipeline. The reliability of the pipeline in retrieving fungal P450...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Construction and content</title>", "<title>Pipeline for identifying and classifying fungal P450s</title>", "<p>To identify P450 proteins from genome sequences, standardized genome databases managed by CFGP (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://cfgp.snu.ac.kr/\"/>) [##REF##17947331##3##] a...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>This research was partially supported by grants from Crop Functional Genomics Center (CG1141) and a grant from Biogreen21 Project (20080401034044) funded by the Rural Development Administration to Y.H.L. A USDA-NRI grant to S.K. (2008-55605-18773) also supported this work. J...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Data retrieval pipeline in FCPD</bold>. Four-steps involved in identifying and classifying fungal P450s in FCPD are presented as a flowchart.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bol...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>P450s in the fungal kingdom</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Species<sup>a</sup></bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold># of ORFs</bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold># of P450s</bold></t...
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[ "<table-wrap-foot><p><sup><bold>a</bold></sup>List of species archived in FCPD sorted by a recently established taxonomic scheme [##REF##17572334##46##].</p><p><sup><bold>b</bold></sup>These genomes have not been completed sequenced.</p><p><sup><bold>c</bold></sup>Insufficient exon/intron information</p><p><sup><bo...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-402-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-402-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-402-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-402-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-402-5\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Park", "Kim", "Kim", "Kong", "Park", "Kim", "Han", "Park", "Jung", "Lee"], "given-names": ["J", "H", "S", "S", "J", "S", "H", "B", "K", "Y-H-"], "article-title": ["A comparative genome-wide analysis of GATA transcription factors in fungi"], "source": ["Genomics & Informatics"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["4"], "fpage": ["147"], "lpage": ["160"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/j.aei.2005.09.003"]}, {"surname": ["Wortman", "Fedorova", "Crabtree", "Joardar", "Maiti", "Haas", "Amedeo", "Lee", "Angiuoli", "Jiang", "Anderson", "Denning", "White", "Nierman"], "given-names": ["JR", "N", "J", "V", "R", "BJ", "P", "E", "SV", "B", "MJ", "DW", "OR", "WC"], "article-title": ["Whole genome comparison of the "], "italic": ["A. fumigatus "], "source": ["Med Mycol"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["44"], "fpage": ["3"], "lpage": ["7"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/13693780600835799"]}, {"surname": ["Payne", "Nierman", "Wortman", "Pritchard", "Brown", "Dean", "Bhatnagar", "Cleveland", "Machida", "Yu"], "given-names": ["GA", "WC", "JR", "BL", "D", "RA", "D", "TE", "M", "J"], "article-title": ["Whole genome comparison of "], "italic": ["A. flavus ", "A. oryzae"], "source": ["Med Mycol"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["44"], "fpage": ["9"], "lpage": ["11"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/13693780600835716"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
46
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Genomics. 2008 Aug 28; 9:402
oa_package/b2/cc/PMC2542383.tar.gz
PMC2542384
18713476
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>One of the loci responsible for feather development in chickens was described by Serebrovsky in 1922 [##UREF##0##1##] and is designated by the symbol K, standing for 'kürzer flügel' (short wing) [##UREF##1##2##]. The K allele is associated with the late feathering phenotype (LF) t...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>DNA collection</title>", "<p>Chicken genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of EF and LF animals provided by Hendrix Genetics (the Netherlands) using the Puregene DNA purification blood kit (Gentra System, USA). DNA concentration and quality were measured using the Nanodrop N...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Molecular analysis of the K locus</title>", "<p>A quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach, as described by Weksberg et al. [##REF##16351727##16##], was used to investigate the K locus. Copy number variation was determined at fourteen markers (STS_1-STS_14) designed to surround the ev2...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The detailed molecular analysis presented in this study confirmed the presence of the duplication first described by Iraqi and Smith [##REF##7793680##12##]. The total size of the tandem duplication is 176,324 bp, which is in agreement with the estimated 180 kb [##REF##7793680##12#...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>The detailed molecular analysis presented in this study indicates the presence of a 176,324 bp tandem duplication in the K allele. An identical duplicated block is found in Broiler, White Leghorn, and Brown Layer lines. The duplication results in the partial duplication of two gen...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>List of abbreviations</title>", "<p>bp: basepair; BL: Brown Layer; BR: Broiler; cM: centi Morgan; Ct: Cyclesneeded to reach Threshold; DΔCt: the difference between the ΔCt of K/Kand K/k+; EF: early feathering; ev21: endogenous virus 21; kb: kilobasepairs; LF: late feathering; PRL: prolactin; PRLR: prolact...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>The authors would like to thank Tineke Veenendaal and Kaveh Hemmatian for their excellent help and guidance in conducting the experiments. Gerard Albers and Addie Vereijken from the Breeding Research and Technology Centre (Hendrix Genetics) are thanked for providing blood sa...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>The organization of the k+ and K alleles</bold>. The k+ allele contains two genes; <italic>PRLR </italic>(purple exons) and <italic>SPEF2 </italic>(black exons). The K allele contains the original genes and the two partial duplicate genes, ...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>STS markers used in the molecular analysis of the K locus.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Marker Name</bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold>Location<sup>1 </sup>(bp)</bold></td><td al...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>1</sup>Genomic location on the Z-chromosome in basepairs (WASHUC2 assembly), <sup>2</sup>Marker STS_0 is located on chromosome 1, <sup>3</sup>in late feathering animals only.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>1 </sup>BR: Broiler, WL: White Leghorn. Normal font indicates a...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-391-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-391-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-391-3\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Serebrovsky"], "given-names": ["AS"], "article-title": ["Crossing-over involving three sex-linked genes in chickens"], "source": ["Amer Nat"], "year": ["1922"], "volume": ["56"], "fpage": ["571"], "lpage": ["572"], "pub-id": ["10.1086/279898"]}, {"surname": ["Hertwig", "Rittershaus"], "given-names": ["P", "T"], "article-title": ["Die Erbaktoren der Haushuhner"], "source": ["Z ind Abst Vereb"], "year": ["1929"], "volume": ["51"], "fpage": ["354"], "lpage": ["72"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/BF01847140"]}, {"surname": ["Siegel", "Mueller", "Craig"], "given-names": ["PB", "CD", "JV"], "article-title": ["Some phenotypic differences among homozygous, heterozygous, and hemizygous late feathering chicks"], "source": ["Poult Sci"], "year": ["1957"], "volume": ["36"], "fpage": ["232"], "lpage": ["239"]}, {"surname": ["Chambers", "Smith", "Dunnington", "Siegel"], "given-names": ["JR", "EJ", "EA", "PB"], "article-title": ["Sex-linked feathering (K, k+) in chickens: a review"], "source": ["Poult Sci"], "year": ["1993"], "volume": ["5"], "fpage": ["97"], "lpage": ["116"]}, {"surname": ["Radi", "Warren"], "given-names": ["MH", "DC"], "article-title": ["Studies on the physiology and inheritance of feathering in the growing chick"], "source": ["J Agric Res"], "year": ["1938"], "volume": ["56"], "fpage": ["679"], "lpage": ["705"]}, {"surname": ["Warren"], "given-names": ["DC"], "article-title": ["Developing early-feathering strains in heavy breeds of poultry"], "source": ["Agricultural experiment station"], "year": ["1944"], "volume": ["224"]}, {"surname": ["Clevenger", "Freier", "Kline"], "given-names": ["CV", "DO", "JB"], "article-title": ["Prolactin receptor signal transduction in cells of the immune system"], "source": ["J Enocrinol"], "year": ["1998"], "volume": ["157"], "fpage": ["187"], "lpage": ["197"], "pub-id": ["10.1677/joe.0.1570187"]}, {"article-title": ["Primer3 website"]}, {"article-title": ["Ensembl Genome Browser"]}, {"article-title": ["Staden Package Home Page"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
33
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Genomics. 2008 Aug 20; 9:391
oa_package/a0/ea/PMC2542384.tar.gz
PMC2542385
18721459
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Insect cuticles are formed during molting under hormonal regulation and are composed of complex and composite materials, made mainly of chitinous filaments embedded in proteinaceous layers (see [##UREF##0##1##] for review). The cuticle acts as both skin and exoskeleton, and has di...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Experimental animals and developmental stages</title>", "<p>The laboratory silkworm stocks +<sup>p </sup>(normal) and their sib-mating strain, p<sup>S </sup>(Striped) were reared on the artificial diet Silkmate 2 M (Kyodo Shiryo, Yokohama) under a 16 h: 8 h L:D photoperiod at 2...
[ "<title>Results &amp; Discussion</title>", "<title>Construction and characterization of the epM EST data set</title>", "<p>To exhaustively identify the cuticular protein components and epidermal genes expressed during the larval molting stages of the silkworm, we constructed a library of full-length cDNAs by mi...
[ "<title>Results &amp; Discussion</title>", "<title>Construction and characterization of the epM EST data set</title>", "<p>To exhaustively identify the cuticular protein components and epidermal genes expressed during the larval molting stages of the silkworm, we constructed a library of full-length cDNAs by mi...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>By exhaustive sequencing and the analysis of full-length cDNA clones, we identified 1,380 putative genes expressed in the silkworm epidermis during the larval molt. Ninety-two of these encode putative cuticular proteins, and a comparison of the epM and epV3 ESTs revealed that the ...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Abbreviations</title>", "<p>CPF: cuticular protein(s) with 44-amino acid motif; CPFL: CPF-like protein; CPG: cuticular protein glycine-rich; CPH: cuticular protein hypothetical; CPR: cuticular protein(s) with the R&amp;R Consensus; CPT: cuticular protein(s) with a Tweedle motif; EST: expressed sequence ta...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>This work was supported in part by grants in aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan, National Bio-resource Project (NBRP), and Culture of Japan, PROBRAIN, the Basic Research Program to HF, and Research Fellowship of Japan So...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Assignment of Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms to the two epidermal EST data sets of <italic>Bombyx mori</italic></bold>. (A) The ratio of gene numbers (upper) and total EST clones (lower) of the representative 4 GO terms are sho...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Summary of epM EST data set</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">Number of sequenced bacterial clones</td><td align=\"left\">10,368</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\">Number of ESTs</td><td align=...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional File 1</title><p>List of nonredundant gene sequence and its number of epM data set. 1–1380 nonredundant sequences in epM were listed. The column of \"Other libraries\" indicates the numbers of the corresponding sequence found ...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>*1: 71 clusters were considered to be isoforms/premature forms of other clusters.</p><p>*2: The threshold maximum E-value was set to 1e-05 by Blastx search.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>* E-value and score are calculated in <italic>Drosophila </italic>homologs.</p></table-wrap...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-396-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-396-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-396-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-396-4\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-396-S1.xls\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"vnd.ms-excel\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-396-S2.xls\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"vnd.ms-excel\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", ...
[{"surname": ["Willis", "Iconomidou", "Smith", "Hamodrakas", "Gilbert LI, Iatrou K, Gill S"], "given-names": ["JH", "VA", "RF", "SJ"], "article-title": ["Cuticular proteins"], "source": ["Comprehensive Insect Science"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["4"], "publisher-name": ["Oxford, Elsevier"], "fpage": ["79"], "lpage": ["109"]}, {"surname": ["Futahashi", "Okamoto", "Kawasaki", "Zhong", "Iwanaga", "Mita", "Fujiwara"], "given-names": ["R", "S", "H", "YS", "M", "K", "H"], "article-title": ["Genome-wide identification of cuticular protein genes in the silkworm, "], "italic": ["Bombyx mori"], "source": ["Insect Biochem Mol Biol"]}, {"article-title": ["FlyBase"]}, {"surname": ["Cox", "Willis"], "given-names": ["DC", "JH"], "article-title": ["The cuticular proteins of Hyalophora cecropia from different anatomical regions and metamorphic stages."], "source": ["Insect Biochem"], "year": ["1985"], "volume": ["15"], "fpage": ["349"], "lpage": ["362"]}, {"article-title": ["SignalP 3.0"]}, {"surname": ["Kramer"], "given-names": ["KJ"], "suffix": ["Hopkins, T.L."], "article-title": ["Tyrosine metabolism for insect cuticle tanning."], "source": ["Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"], "year": ["1987"], "volume": ["6"], "fpage": ["279"], "lpage": ["301"]}, {"surname": ["Kiguchi"], "given-names": ["K"], "suffix": ["Agui, N"], "article-title": ["Ecdysteroid levels and developmental events during larval moulting in the silkworm, "], "italic": ["Bombyx mori"], "source": ["J Insect Physiol"], "year": ["1981"], "volume": ["27"], "fpage": ["805"], "lpage": ["812"]}, {"article-title": ["InterProScan"]}, {"article-title": ["Gene Ontology"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
79
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Genomics. 2008 Aug 22; 9:396
oa_package/1a/75/PMC2542385.tar.gz
PMC2542386
18699995
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Initial analyses of the human genome sequence have showed that ~5% of the human genome is composed by interspersed segmental duplications (SDs) [##REF##11381028##1##]. SDs can be defined as blocks of DNA ranging from 1–400 kb in length, with copies found in multiple sites and that...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Structural information</title>", "<p>Coordinates of telomeres and centromeres of all chromosomes were obtained from Build 35 of the human genome and NCBI Build 1 of the chimpanzee genome [##UREF##6##71##]. We considered as rearranged chromosomes all those for which major chromo...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>We addressed three main sets of questions. First, how are SDs distributed in the genome relative to rearrangements? Second, what is the genomic distribution of divergence between paralogous copies of human SDs, especially in relation to rearrangements? And, third, what are the diverg...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Several conclusions arise from our whole-genome SDs analysis. First, there is an accumulation of relatively recent human SDs within some chromosomes that carry an evolutionary rearrangement between human and chimpanzees. Seven of the nine major inversions between humans and chimpa...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>In summary, we conclude that some rearrangements in the human and chimpanzee genome may be associated with dynamic regions in the genome that may result in rearrangements in one lineage and duplications in the other, although the effect is not seen in all chromosomes. On the other...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>TM–B, EEE and AN designed the overall project. TM–B, ZC, XS and AN analyzed the data. TM–B and AN wrote the manuscript.</p>", "<title>Supplementary Material</title>" ]
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We want to thank J. Bertranpetit, E. Gazave, O. Fernando, M. Przeworski, T. Newman, A. Sharp and the members of the Evolutionary Biology Unit in UPF and Evan Eichler's lab at University of Washington for enriching discussions and lots of help during the preparation of this w...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Distribution of SDs identities relative to major rearrangements (Inversions) between humans and chimpanzees.</bold> In Blue, the distribution of percentages of SDs that are located within the inversion of human chromosomes rearranged relati...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Distribution of SD identities relative to major genomic rearrangements between humans and chimpanzees.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"right\"><bold>Inside rearranged regions</bold></td><td ...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Construction of Dataset 2 (Non-overlapping intraspecific dataset). There are the 3 main steps to construct Dataset 2. STEP1, we constructed the \"coverage map\", basically we recorded the bound coordinates of ...
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>The percentages were calculated as the proportion of pairwise alignments at each percent identity.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>The percentages were calculated as the proportion of pairwise alignments at each percent identity.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>Div...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-384-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-384-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-384-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-384-4\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-384-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1471-2164-9-384-S2.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>" ]
[{"surname": ["Ranz", "Maurin", "Chan", "von Grotthuss", "Hillier", "Roote", "Ashburner", "Bergman"], "given-names": ["JM", "D", "YS", "M", "LW", "J", "M", "CM"], "article-title": ["Principles of Genome Evolution in the Drosophila melanogaster Species Group"], "source": ["Plos Biology (In press)"], "year": ["2007"]}, {"surname": ["Casals", "Navarro"], "given-names": ["F", "A"], "article-title": ["Inversions \u2013 the chicken or the egg?"], "source": ["Plos Biology (News & Comments) (In press)"], "year": ["2007"]}, {"surname": ["Noor", "Grams", "Bertucci", "Reiland"], "given-names": ["MAF", "KL", "LA", "J"], "article-title": ["Chromosomal inversions and the reproductive isolation of species"], "source": ["P Natl Acad Sci USA P Natl Acad Sci USA"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["98"], "fpage": ["12084"], "lpage": ["12088"], "pub-id": ["10.1073/pnas.221274498"]}, {"surname": ["Marques-Bonet", "S\u00e0nchez-Ruiz", "Armengol", "Khaja", "Bertranpetit", "Rocchi", "Gazave", "Navarro"], "given-names": ["T", "J", "LL", "R", "J", "M", "E", "A"], "article-title": ["On the association between chromosomal rearrangements and genic evolution in humans and chimpanzees."], "source": ["Genome Biol 2007 Oct 30;8 (10):R230 17971225"], "year": ["2007"]}, {"surname": ["Li", "Yi", "Makova"], "given-names": ["WH", "SJ", "K"], "article-title": ["Male-driven evolution"], "source": ["Curr Opin Genet Dev Curr Opin Genet Dev"], "year": ["2002"], "volume": ["12"], "fpage": ["650"], "lpage": ["656"]}, {"surname": ["Eyrewalker"], "given-names": ["A"], "article-title": ["Recombination and Mammalian Genome Evolution"], "source": ["P Roy Soc Lond B Bio"], "year": ["1993"], "volume": ["252"], "fpage": ["237"], "lpage": ["243"], "pub-id": ["10.1098/rspb.1993.0071"]}, {"surname": ["Browser"], "given-names": ["UCSCG"], "article-title": ["UCSC Genome Browser"]}, {"surname": ["Feuk", "MacDonald", "Tang", "Carson", "Li", "Rao", "Khaja", "Scherer"], "given-names": ["L", "JR", "T", "AR", "M", "G", "R", "SW"], "article-title": ["Discovery of human inversion polymorphisms by comparative analysis of human and chimpanzee DNA sequence assemblies"], "source": ["Plos Genetics"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["1"], "fpage": ["489"], "lpage": ["498"], "pub-id": ["10.1371/journal.pgen.0010056"]}, {"article-title": ["Chimpanzee Segmental Duplication Database"]}, {"article-title": ["Human Segmental Duplication Database "]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
84
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
BMC Genomics. 2008 Aug 12; 9:384
oa_package/a0/a0/PMC2542386.tar.gz
PMC2542387
18806885
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is characterized by an age-dependent deposition of abnormal fibrillar material in both ocular and non-ocular tissues. The most readily identifiable pathological manifestation is the appearance of this extracellular material on the aqueous bathed surfac...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Western blotting</title>", "<p>Ocular tissues from post-mortem human eyes were obtained through the Eye Bank of South Australia (Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia) and aqueous humor from patients undergoing cataract surgery at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Austr...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Western blotting</title>", "<p>We determined CLU protein expression in human ocular tissues of the anterior segment as well as the optic nerve by western blotting under reducing conditions. A protein band of approximately 100 kDa, which is higher than the expected size of the u...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>A common haplotype of the <italic>LOXL1</italic> gene has recently been shown to be a major genetic factor associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome [##REF##17690259##7##]. However, given that the disease-associated haplotype is not fully penetrant, particularly in non-Nordic pop...
[]
[ "<p>Dr. Burdon and Dr. Sharma contributed equally to this work.</p>", "<p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the\n Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,\n distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original\n work is p...
[]
[ "<title>Acknowledgments</title>", "<p>This work was supported by a grant from Glaucoma Australia and the Ophthalmic Research Institute of Australia. K.P.B. is supported by a Peter Doherty Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC), A.W.H. by an NHMRC postgraduate researc...
[ "<fig id=\"f1\" fig-type=\"figure\" position=\"float\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>CLU protein expression in human ocular tissues. Expression of the CLU protein in the human iris, ciliary body, lens capsule, optic nerve, and aqueous humor was analyzed by western blotting with an anti-clusterin antibody. Lens...
[ "<table-wrap id=\"t1\" position=\"float\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Allele and genotype frequencies for cases (n=86) and controls (n=2422) and p-values for χ<sup>2</sup> test of independence for allele or genotype counts.</title></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><col width=\"33\" span=\...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>The asterisk indicates that p=0.072 when the age of controls is restricted.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>All variables were added to the model as a block. Significant factors are highlighted in bold. Results are shown for both the whole study and the age-restricted control set...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"mv-v14-1727-f1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"mv-v14-1727-f2\"/>" ]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
38
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Mol Vis. 2008 Sep 22; 14:1727-1736
oa_package/63/4e/PMC2542387.tar.gz
PMC2542388
18761752
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Amodiaquine, a Manic base related to chloroquine, is considered a safe drug for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated, <italic>Plasmodium falciparum </italic>malaria [##REF##8898036##1##], and is increasingly used as partner drug for artemisinin [##UREF##0##2##, ####REF##11978332#...
[ "<title>Patients and methods</title>", "<title>Patients</title>", "<p>The study was conducted in children aged ≤ 12 years with acute, uncomplicated, <italic>P. falciparum </italic>malaria in Ibadan, a malaria endemic area in southwestern Nigeria [##REF##2256767##17##]. Fully informed consent was obtained from t...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Baseline characteristics of patients at enrolment</title>", "<p>Between September 2000 and December 2006, 615 children (297 males, 318 females) with <italic>P. falciparum </italic>malaria, aged between 0.5–12 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD] = 6.5 ± 3.2 years) were enrolle...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The study showed continuing efficacy of amodiaquine against asexual parasites, relative lack of gametocytocidal effects, and peak gametocyte carriage occurring 3–7 days after treatment commenced. The last finding is in contradistinction to that following treatment with artemisinin...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Amodiaquine may significantly increase gametocyte carriage, density and sex ratio in African children treated for falciparum malaria, and may potentially influence transmission. It is also possible that anaemia could have contributed to the less female biased sex ratio.</p>" ]
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Conflict of interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>AS led the design, conduct, data analysis and manuscript preparation. STB was involved in data analysis and manuscript preparation. GOG and CTH were involve...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We are grateful to A.A. Adedeji and B.A. Fateye for help with collation of data, and to our clinic staff especially Moji Amao and Adeola Alabi for assistance with running the study.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Kaplan-Meier plot (survival curve) of cumulative probability of remaining gametocyte-free after amodiaquine treatment of malarious children in 2000 (thick broken line), 2004 (thin broken line) and 2006 (solid line) (Log rank statistic = 0.8, P = ...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Overall baseline characteristics and immediate therapeutic response of the children enrolled into the study, and by year of enrolment</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td/><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"...
[]
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[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>*P = &lt; 0.0001</p><p>SD, standard deviation; GM, geometric mean.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>GM, geometric mean; Number in parenthesis indicates number of patients</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>SE, standard error of mean; Number in parenthesis indicates num...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-169-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-169-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-169-3\"/>" ]
[]
[{"collab": ["World Health Organization"], "article-title": ["Antimalarial drug combination therapy. Report of a WHO Technical Consultation"], "year": ["2001"], "bold": ["WHO/CDS/RBM/2001.35.Geneva:WHO"]}, {"surname": ["Sirima", "Gansane"], "given-names": ["SB", "A"], "article-title": ["Artesunate-amodiaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria"], "source": ["Exp Opin Invest Drugs"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["16"], "fpage": ["1079"], "lpage": ["1085"], "pub-id": ["10.1517/13543784.16.7.1079"]}, {"surname": ["Carter", "Graves", "Wernsdorfer WH, McGregor I"], "given-names": ["R", "PM"], "article-title": ["Gametocytes"], "source": ["Malaria: Principles and Practice of Malariology"], "year": ["1988"], "volume": ["1"], "publisher-name": ["Edingburgh: Churchill Livingstone"], "fpage": ["253"], "lpage": ["303"]}, {"surname": ["Pickering", "Read", "Guerrero", "West"], "given-names": ["J", "AF", "S", "SA"], "article-title": ["Sex ratio and virulence in two species of lizard malaria parasites"], "source": ["Evol Ecol Res"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["2"], "fpage": ["171"], "lpage": ["184"]}, {"collab": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"], "source": ["Epi Info Version 6 A word processing data base and statistics program for public health on IBM-compatible microcomputers"], "year": ["1994"], "publisher-name": ["Atlanta, GA"]}, {"collab": ["SPSS Inc"], "source": ["SPSS for Windows release 1001 (standard version)"], "year": ["1999"], "publisher-name": ["Chicago, IL"]}, {"surname": ["Read", "Anwar", "Shutler", "Nee"], "given-names": ["AF", "M", "D", "S"], "article-title": ["Sex allocation and population structure in malaria and related parasitic protozoa"], "source": ["Proc R Soc Lond B"], "year": ["1995"], "volume": ["260"], "fpage": ["359"], "lpage": ["363"], "pub-id": ["10.1098/rspb.1995.0105"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
37
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Malar J. 2008 Sep 2; 7:169
oa_package/46/66/PMC2542388.tar.gz
PMC2542389
18782445
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Malaria remains one of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Globally, there are between 300–500 million cases of clinical malaria every year, with 85% of these from Africa [##REF##10697880##1##]. Currently, 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths are attributable to mala...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>study design</title>", "<p>This was a descriptive, open label, multi-centre, non-comparative trial of three-day regimen of a combination of AM for efficacy, safety and tolerability. Patients were stratified into two treatment groups according to their weights. Treatment group I...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>General</title>", "<p>A total of 4,139 patients who had not taken any antimalarial medication in the previous seven days were screened in the four sites. Overall, 446 patients fulfilled the criteria for enrolment and were enrolled, but a total of 431 (96.6%) patients consisting...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The therapeutic efficacy study of co-packaged three day treatment preparation of artesunate and mefloquine in four different geographic areas of Nigeria showed that the combination is both effective and well tolerated in the treatment of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria.</p>...
[]
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>PUA, MMM, and IMW conceived the idea, wrote the protocol and supervised data collection and writing of this paper. PUA played a central role in coordinating t...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We are grateful to the entire management and staff of Ijede Health Centre and to the Staff Clinic of PHCN at Egbin Power Station, Ijede, Ikorodu, Lagos. We also thank the Borno state Hospital Management Board, the staff of General Hospital, Damboa, Borno State, Primary Healt...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Artequin<sup>® </sup>trial profile in four geographic zones of Nigeria.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Adverse Events Reported By Study Participants.</p></caption></fig>" ]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients at enrolment (Day 0)</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"left\"><bold>Group 1 Weight ≥30 kg</bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold>Group 2 Chara...
[ "<disp-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\" name=\"1475-2875-7-172-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Parasite Density </mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>parasites </mml:mtext><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mtext>l</mml:mt...
[]
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[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>* Not Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR) corrected</p></table-wrap-foot>" ]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-172-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-172-2\"/>" ]
[]
[{"collab": ["National Antimalarial Policy"], "article-title": ["Federal Ministry of Health, 2004, Abuja World Health Organization: The implementation of the global malaria control strategy: WHO Technical report series No 839, 1993, Geneva"]}, {"surname": ["White", "Olliaro"], "given-names": ["NJ", "P"], "article-title": ["Artemisinin and derivatives in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria"], "source": ["Medicine Tropical (Mars)"], "year": ["1998"], "volume": ["58"], "fpage": ["54"], "lpage": ["56"]}, {"surname": ["Bruce"], "given-names": ["S"], "source": ["Chemotherapy of Malaria"], "year": ["1986"], "edition": ["2"], "publisher-name": ["World Health Organization, Geneva"]}, {"surname": ["Li", "Guo", "Fu", "Jean", "Wang"], "given-names": ["GQ", "XB", "LC", "Hx", "XH"], "article-title": ["Clinical trials of artemisinin and its derivates in the treatment of malaria in China"], "source": ["Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"], "year": ["1994"], "volume": ["88"], "fpage": ["5"], "lpage": ["6"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/0035-9203(94)90460-X"]}, {"collab": ["WHO"], "article-title": ["Assessment and monitoring of Antimalarial Drug Efficacy for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria"], "source": ["WHO/HTM/RBM/200350"]}, {"surname": ["Krudsood", "Looareesuwan", "Silachamroon", "Chalermrut", "Pittrow", "Cambon", "Mueller"], "given-names": ["S", "S", "U", "K", "D", "N", "EA"], "article-title": ["Artesunate and Mefloquine given simultaneously for three days via a prepacked blister is equally effective and tolerated as a standard sequential treatment of uncomplicated acute "], "italic": ["plasmodium falciparum "], "source": ["Am J Trop Med Hyg"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["67"], "fpage": ["460"], "lpage": ["472"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
24
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:39
Malar J. 2008 Sep 9; 7:172
oa_package/7e/ad/PMC2542389.tar.gz
PMC2542390
18702828
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that interaction between genetic and environmental events occurring during critical early periods of neuronal growth may negatively influence the way by which nerve cells are laid down, differentiated, selectively culled ...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Subjects</title>", "<p>The subjects consisted of 188 patients with methamphetamine psychosis (158 male, 30 female; mean age ± SD, 36.6 ± 11.8) and 240 age-, gender-, and geographical origin-matched healthy controls (192 male, 48 female; mean age ± SD, 36.6 ± 10.6), who have no ...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>The genotype distribution and allele frequencies of the each polymorphism are shown in Table ##TAB##0##1##. The genotype distributions of patients and control subjects did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at any SNP examined. The allele frequencies of SNP1, SNP2, and SNP3 ...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>We revealed that the <italic>FZD3 </italic>gene is significantly associated with the vulnerability to psychosis induced by methamphetamine abuse, and two haplotypes of the <italic>FZD3 </italic>gene comprising SNP3-4-5-6 (rs2241802-rs2323019-rs352203-rs880481) were identified as p...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>We examined genetic association of <italic>FZD3 </italic>and found that two kinds of <italic>FZD3 </italic>haplotypes showed strong associations with methamphetamine psychosis. Having the G-A-T-G or A-G-C-A haplotype of rs2241802-rs2323019-rs352203-rs880481 was a potent negative r...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>HU conceived of the study, reviewed the manuscript and supervised all management, analysis, and interpretation of the data. MKi, YO, TK supervised by MT and M...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>We thank the Zikei Institute of Psychiatry (Okayama, Japan) and the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan.</p>" ]
[]
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Genotype and allele distribution of six SNPs of the FZD3 gene in controls and patients with methamphetamine (MAP) psychosis</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td/><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"4\"><bold>...
[]
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[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism.</p><p>Numbers in parentheses indicate percentages.</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>Linkage disequilibrium was tested using χ<sup>2 </sup>test. Upper right and lower left diagonals show D' and r-square values, respectively. D'&gt;0.7 and r-squa...
[]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
38
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:40
Behav Brain Funct. 2008 Aug 15; 4:37
oa_package/4d/ee/PMC2542390.tar.gz
PMC2542391
18771581
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>The annual stroke incidence is approximately 180 patients per 100,000 inhabitants in the industrialized world. About 30% of the surviving patients suffer from a severe upper limb paresis with a non functional hand. The prognosis for regaining meaningful hand activity six months ...
[]
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>In addition to their regular programme, the four A group patients practised with the Finger Trainer for 20 minutes every workday for four weeks. The cam shaft rotation ranged from 20 to 25 revolutions/minute, and the vibration frequency from 25 to 35 Hz. Therapy-related side effects ...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The Finger Trainer is a newly developed device for the sensory-motor rehabilitation of the plegic fingers after stroke. This small study shows a clinically significant difference in spasticity in the treatment &amp; control groups, which would require a larger series to test stati...
[]
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Device</title>", "<p>The Finger Trainer, Reha-Digit, (figure ##FIG##0##1##) consists of four, mutually independent plastic rolls, each fixed eccentrically to the powered axle of the device, forming a cam-shaft. Each finger-roll can be repositioned &amp; secured by turning a knob on the main axle, on the o...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>The \"Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Neurologischen Rehabilitation e.V.\" supported the study.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>The Finger Trainer, \"Reha-Digit\", without a patient (left), and a left-hemiparetic patient practicing with the device (right).</p></caption></fig>" ]
[]
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[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Table 1: Clinical data of both groups at study onset</p></caption></supplementary-material>", "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S3\"><caption><title>Additional file 3</title><p>Table ...
[]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-0003-5-21-1\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1743-0003-5-21-S1.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlink:href=\"1743-0003-5-21-S3.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>", "<media xlin...
[{"surname": ["Hesse", "Werner", "Bardeleben"], "given-names": ["S", "C", "A"], "article-title": ["The severely affected arm after stroke: more research needed"], "source": ["Neurol Rehabil"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["10"], "fpage": ["123"], "lpage": ["130"]}, {"surname": ["Hogan", "Krebs", "Charnarong", "Sharon"], "given-names": ["N", "HI", "J", "A"], "source": ["Interactive robotics therapist"], "year": ["1995"], "publisher-name": ["Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology: US Patent No.5466213"]}, {"surname": ["Jenkins", "Merzenich", "Ochs", "Allard", "Guic-Robles"], "given-names": ["WM", "MM", "MT", "T", "E"], "article-title": ["Functional reorganization of primary somatosensory cortex in adult owl monkeys after behaviourally controlled tactile stimulation"], "source": ["J Neurphysiol"], "year": ["1990"], "volume": ["63"], "fpage": ["82"], "lpage": ["104"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
32
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:40
J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2008 Sep 4; 5:21
oa_package/3f/98/PMC2542391.tar.gz
PMC2542392
18764954
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Post-acute rehabilitation is a key component of the health care delivery system, yet we know little about the active ingredients of the rehabilitation process that produce the best outcomes [##UREF##0##1##]. Rehabilitation care has been compared to a black box [##REF##8664701##2##...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Study design</title>", "<p>Participants were observed continuously during their physical therapy sessions while accelerometer signals from a WBAN were recorded simultaneously (Figure ##FIG##0##1##). A sample of convenience was recruited from the Intensive Functional Rehabilitat...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>Five patients (77.4 ± 5.2 y) with 4 different admission diagnoses were recruited in this study. The participants' clinical profiles are presented in Table ##TAB##0##1##. Disability scores on the SMAF scale [##REF##17298673##22##] varied from -19 to -40 (mean -32.4 ± 8.4 on a total of...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The primary objective of this study was to explore the feasibility and accuracy of a WBAN composed of three accelerometer modules to estimate active time in physical therapy sessions. Our results show that WBAN estimates of active time using inputs from three accelerometer modules...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>This study is the first step in a process to validate and use accelerometer-based WBAN to estimate active time in rehabilitation. Errors of estimate of active time using accelerometers are considerably inferior to most observation methods. While the use of three accelerometer modu...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>SC and PB developed study concept and design. SC, PB and MH all participated in data analyses and interpretation. SC assumed manuscript preparation and the co...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>This study is supported by an operating grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Stephane Choquette is supported by M.Sc. fellowship awards from the CIHR and Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec (FRSQ). Patrick Boissy is supported by a Junior 2 resea...
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Time and motion observations and recording of body accelerations. The WBAN used in this study was comprised of three 3D accelerometers modules. Signals recorded by accelerometers were transmitted to a receiver located on the Tablet-PC. The Tablet...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Clinical characteristics of participants at baseline evaluation and description of observations.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"7\">CLINICAL</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td/><...
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>Values are presented as mean ± SD. All patients needed to use a walker in order to perform mobility tests, like TUG and the 5-m walk. An asterisk (*) indicates that the patient was unable to accomplish a given test at baseline evaluation. Mean values for performance tests were calculated only o...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-0003-5-20-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-0003-5-20-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-0003-5-20-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-0003-5-20-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-0003-5-20-5\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Heinemann"], "given-names": ["AW"], "article-title": ["State of the science on postacute rehabilitation: setting a research agenda and developing an evidence base for practice and public policy: an introduction"], "source": ["JAssist Technol"], "year": ["2008"], "volume": ["20"], "fpage": ["55"], "lpage": ["60"]}, {"surname": ["Boissy", "Choquette", "Perreault", "Desrosiers", "Bernier R, Roy P"], "given-names": ["P", "S", "K", "J"], "collab": ["the CHARGE team"], "article-title": ["Une \u00e9tude de temps et mouvements en r\u00e9adaptation fonctionnelle intensive : le point de vue des usagers"], "source": ["L'avancement des connaissances et des technologies au service de la personne \u00e2g\u00e9e Actes des \u00e9changes cliniques et scientifiques sur le vieillissement"], "year": ["2007"], "publisher-name": ["Montr\u00e9al: EDISEM \u00e9diteur;"], "fpage": ["64"], "lpage": ["81"]}, {"surname": ["Welk"], "given-names": ["G"], "source": ["Physical activity assessments for health-related research"], "year": ["2002"], "publisher-name": ["Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics"]}, {"surname": ["H\u00e9bert", "Carrier", "Bilodeau"], "given-names": ["R", "R", "A"], "article-title": ["Le Syst\u00e8me de mesure de l'autonomie fonctionnelle (SMAF)"], "source": ["Revue de g\u00e9riatrie"], "year": ["1988"], "volume": ["13"], "fpage": ["161"], "lpage": ["167"]}, {"surname": ["Hamel", "Fontaine", "Boissy"], "given-names": ["M", "R", "P"], "article-title": ["Wearable wireless body area sensor networks for increased telepresence in geriatric telerehabilitation applications"], "source": ["IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["27"], "fpage": ["29"], "lpage": ["37"], "pub-id": ["10.1109/MEMB.2008.919491"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
32
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:40
J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2008 Sep 2; 5:20
oa_package/9d/63/PMC2542392.tar.gz
PMC2542393
18782429
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Cough provocation tests are mainly used for research purposes with capsaicin and citric acid being the most commonly used tussigens. The coughs are usually counted by a technician during the challenge and the test is stopped when a pre-determined number of coughs have been provoke...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Subjects</title>", "<p>The present analysis is based on two adult patient populations which were recruited for two clinical studies investigating hypertonicity-provoked cough. The study utilising a saline challenge [##REF##18462452##5##] included nineteen healthy subjects, 26 a...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<p>Two saline challenges lacked video recordings due to technical problems with the video recorder. The analysis thus includes 82 saline challenges performed on 66 subjects, providing 1984 observation minutes with both simultaneous and video cough counts. Ten hypertonic histamine challe...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The present study shows that the agreement between simultaneous and video counting of coughs during hypertonic challenges is generally good. However, as the coughing frequency increases the video counted coughs may outnumber those counted simultaneously. This finding suggests that...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Though the agreement between simultaneous and video counting of coughs during hypertonic challenges is good, simultaneous counting may miss coughs occurring at high frequencies. Utilisation of video recording to count coughs had no effect on the hypertonic saline challenge end poi...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>HK and MP planned the studies. HK, MP and RT recruited the subjects. RT performed most of the challenges and counted the coughs. HK analysed the results and w...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>The authors thank Pirjo Vänttinen for assistance.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>The Bland-Altman plot for cough counts in hypertonic saline challenge. </bold>The difference between video vs. simultaneously counted coughs for each observation minute is plotted against the mean of the counted coughs per minute. The solid...
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[]
[]
[ "<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Simultaneous versus video counting of coughs in hypertonic cough challenges. The data provided represent the statistical analysis of the difference between simultaneous and video counting of coughs in two hype...
[]
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1745-9974-4-8-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1745-9974-4-8-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1745-9974-4-8-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1745-9974-4-8-4\"/>" ]
[ "<media xlink:href=\"1745-9974-4-8-S1.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>" ]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
14
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:40
Cough. 2008 Sep 9; 4:8
oa_package/72/62/PMC2542393.tar.gz
PMC2542394
18694483
[ "<title>Background</title>", "<p>Soft drinks, fast food, and hours of computer games and television viewing are common features in today's youth. Unhealthy diets and lack of physical activity are the leading causes of avoidable illness and premature death in Europe [##UREF##0##1##]. Of particular concern is the i...
[ "<title>Methods</title>", "<title>Study design and participants</title>", "<p>The DOiT-study was a cluster randomised controlled trial, with measurements at baseline, after eight, twelve, and twenty months. We recruited for participation in the trial 18 prevocational secondary schools located at a maximum of 15...
[ "<title>Results</title>", "<title>Baseline characteristics</title>", "<p>Of 1323 invited adolescents, 1108 (84%) returned both the parental and student informed consent. In total 1053 students were measured at baseline while 1031 (98%) were measured at 8-month follow-up. Table ##TAB##0##1## shows the baseline c...
[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The purpose of this paper was to examine whether the DOiT- program was effective in improving the targeted mediators – i.e. attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and habit strength – and to identify the mediating mechanisms targeted by the DOiT-program. In girl...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>Our findings imply that interventions aimed at reducing sugar containing beverage consumption that are developed gender-specific may be more effective. Interventions aimed at reducing sugar containing beverage consumption among boys may be more effective when focussing on modifica...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<title>Authors' contributions</title>", "<p>MC, AS, JB, and WvM participated in the design of the study and contributed intellectual input into the main ideas of this paper. MC performed the statistical...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>This study is part of NHF-NRG and is funded by the Netherlands Heart Foundation (No: 2000Z002), the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sports, and the Royal Association of Teachers of Physical Education.</p>" ]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Intervention materials and strategies used to change each of the hypothesized determinants in the DOiT-intervention.</bold> Example: determinants of reduction consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demographic and anthropometric characteristics at baseline in intervention and control schools.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"2\"><bold>girls</bold></td><td align=\"cent...
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[]
[]
[ "<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a </sup>using cut-off values described by Cole et al. [##REF##10797032##16##].</p><p>* significantly different from the control group (p = 0.01)</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap-foot><p>* significantly different from the control group (p ≤ 0.02)</p></table-wrap-foot>", "<table-wrap...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5868-5-41-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5868-5-41-2\"/>" ]
[]
[{"collab": ["World Health Organization"], "article-title": ["The world health report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life"], "source": ["Geneva, Switzerland"], "year": ["2002"]}, {"surname": ["MacKinnon", "Krull", "Lockwood"], "given-names": ["DP", "JL", "CM"], "article-title": ["Equivalence of the Mediation, Confounding and Suppression Effect"], "source": ["Preventive Science"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["1"], "fpage": ["173"], "lpage": ["182"], "pub-id": ["10.1023/A:1026595011371"]}, {"surname": ["Ajzen"], "given-names": ["I"], "article-title": ["The theory of planned behavior"], "source": ["Org Behav Hum Decis"], "year": ["1991"], "volume": ["50"], "fpage": ["179"], "lpage": ["211"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T"]}, {"surname": ["Bartholomew", "Parcel", "Kok", "Gottlieb"], "given-names": ["LK", "GS", "G", "NH"], "source": ["Intervention Mapping: designing theory and evidence-based health promotion programs"], "year": ["2001"], "publisher-name": ["MountainView, CA: Mayfield"]}, {"surname": ["Chaiken", "Trope"], "given-names": ["S", "Y"], "source": ["Dual-Process Theory in Social Psychology"], "year": ["1999"], "publisher-name": ["New York: Guilford Press"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
25
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:40
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008 Aug 11; 5:41
oa_package/70/b3/PMC2542394.tar.gz
PMC2542395
18755014
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Recently, a number of new treatment options have become available for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. In particular, CPT-11 (irinotecan), a specific inhibitor of topoisomerase I, has been proven to have efficacy in the treatment of CRC. Most recent studies have demonstrated a ...
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[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Although CMV colitis is not frequently encountered, severe CMV colitis has been reported in neoplastic patients after chemotherapy [##REF##14651217##1##,##REF##16036515##2##]. The diagnosis of CMV colitis often poses a clinical challenge. Although endoscopic biopsies taken from th...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>This case demonstrates that CMV colitis appears to be an extremely rare but potentially serious complication for patients with CRC following chemotherapy. Therefore, in individuals with CRC who do not respond to traditional medical therapy, other diagnoses including CMV should be ...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Case presentation</title>", "<p>A 77-year-old man with known recurrence of colon cancer, which was not previously treated with any adjuvant chemotherapies, was admitted for vomiting and diarrhea 2 weeks after standard FOLFIRI chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU (350 mg/bolus/m<sup>2 </sup>plus 2300 mg/infuser...
[]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Abdominal computed tomography shows massive large bowel dilatation of the entire colon.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Initial colonoscopy reveals multiple punched-out ulcers of the r...
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[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-289-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-289-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-289-3\"/>" ]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
7
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:40
J Med Case Reports. 2008 Aug 28; 2:289
oa_package/cb/a8/PMC2542395.tar.gz
PMC2542396
18782437
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Leiomyoma of the scrotum is a rare entity described as a benign pathology. Immunohistochemistry helps differentiate this condition from a leiomyosarcoma. However, we raise the entity of symplastic scrotal leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei and increased mitosis on immunohistochemistr...
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[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>Scrotal wall leiomyomas are rare, usually asymptomatic tunica dartos tumours, commonly seen in middle-aged Caucasian men [##REF##945360##1##]. They are typically slow growing presenting in the fifth decade of life [##REF##15175778##2##].</p>", "<p>They are often less than 3 cm i...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>In symplastic scrotal leiomyoma, the presence of nuclear pleomorphism and mitoses, just falling short of the criteria for malignancy, makes prediction of biological behaviour difficult. Immunohistochemistry helps identify this subgroup of patients who warrant close follow-up in vi...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Case presentation</title>", "<p>A 65-year-old man presented with a single well-defined, soft, non-tender, mobile right scrotal lump, increasing in size for 4 weeks, with no palpable connection to his testis, epididymis or spermatic cord. Herniae and palpable inguinal lymph nodes were absent. An ultrasound...
[]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Histology shows: (a) A well-defined lesion, with a pseudocapsule, made up of interlacing bundles of regular smooth muscle cells (N) with apparent hypercellular areas (open arrow); residual bundles of dartoic muscle are seen in adjacent fibrovascu...
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[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-295-1\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Ragsdale", "Elder D, Elenitsas R, Jaworsky C, Johnson B Jr"], "given-names": ["BD"], "article-title": ["Tumours of fatty, muscular and osseous tissue: fat as a tissue, an organ and a source of tumors"], "source": ["Lever's Histopathology of the Skin"], "year": ["1997"], "edition": ["8"], "publisher-name": ["Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven"], "fpage": ["457"], "lpage": ["502"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
6
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:40
J Med Case Reports. 2008 Sep 9; 2:295
oa_package/54/2e/PMC2542396.tar.gz
PMC2542397
18710584
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Primary Hepatic Lymphoma (PHL) is a rare variant of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with an incidence of &lt; 1%. The presence of diffuse hepatic involvement is uncommon and therefore presentation as hepatocellular jaundice or acute fulminant hepatic failure is rare.</p>", "<p>We prese...
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[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>PHL is defined as lymphoma either confined to the liver or with major liver involvement [##REF##16507204##1##]. Median survival is 8 to 16 months and complete remission is low (&lt; 20%). It is important to recognize that in rare circumstances, it can present with fulminant hepati...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>PHL can manifest as progressive hepatitis and acute hepatic failure. The presence of constitutional symptoms, hematological abnormalities and altered acute phase reactants can complicate diagnostic evaluation.</p>", "<p>If the clinical picture is suspicious for PHL, a liver biop...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Case presentation</title>", "<p>A 53-year-old Caucasian woman was transferred to our facility for 3 weeks of intermittent fevers, chills, weight loss, myalgias and arthralgias. She had mild epigastric discomfort with nausea and vomiting. Dalteparin and warfarin were started for a recently diagnosed pulmon...
[]
[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Computed tomography scan of the abdomen without contrast after the liver biopsy showed acute hemorrhage (arrows).</bold> The unenhanced liver is normal in size and attenuation.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><lab...
[ "<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Liver function tests</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\">Hospital day</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"9\"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td/><td align=\"left\">1</td><td align=\"left\"...
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[ "<table-wrap-foot><p>TBil, total bilirubin (0.3–1.3.mg/dl); DBil, direct bilirubin (0.0–0.2 mg/dl); AST, aspartate aminotransferase (8–46 U/liter); ALT, alanine aminotransferase (8–50 U/liter); ALP, alkaline phosphatase (25–125 U/liter); PT, prothrombin time (12–14.secs); INR, International Normalized Ratio. *Addit...
[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-279-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-279-2\"/>" ]
[]
[]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
15
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:40
J Med Case Reports. 2008 Aug 19; 2:279
oa_package/0a/37/PMC2542397.tar.gz
PMC2542398
18702811
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Ondansetron is a 5-hydroxytryptamine<sub>3 </sub>(5-HT<sub>3</sub>) receptor antagonist widely used in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, especially caused by highly emetogenic drugs such as cisplatin, and is considered a gold standard for ...
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[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>5-HT<sub>3 </sub>receptor antagonists such as ondansetron, tropisetron, granisetron and palonosetron are generally associated with a wide safety margin and are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. There are, however, reports of life-threatening adverse events such as generalized to...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>We emphasize the need to be judicious in the use of ondansetron and five other HT<sub>3 </sub>receptor antagonists due to their association with various unusual and life-threatening reactions. We also caution against the off label use of the drugs, especially in an out-of-hospital...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Case presentation</title>", "<p>A 19-year-old female patient visited the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary referral center with 3–4 episodes of nausea, vomiting and epigastric distress. She had been diagnosed with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) and had been on treatment with cyproterone acetate 2...
[ "<title>Acknowledgements</title>", "<p>Dr. M. E. Yeolekar, Director, Medical Education &amp; Health, Seth GS Medical College &amp; KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai (Bombay) 400012, India</p>" ]
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[{"source": ["Current Index of Medical Specialties India: Oct 2007\u2013Jan 2008 [Update 4]"], "year": ["2008"], "publisher-name": ["CMP Medica India Pvt. Ltd"], "fpage": ["191"], "lpage": ["193"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
9
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:40
J Med Case Reports. 2008 Aug 14; 2:274
oa_package/b0/43/PMC2542398.tar.gz
PMC2542399
18700977
[ "<title>Introduction</title>", "<p>Originally described in an anthropologic population study in 1942, bipartite medial cuneiforms are an uncommon tarsal developmental variant (Figure ##FIG##0##1##) at the Lisfranc joint line occurring in approximately 0.3% of individuals [##UREF##0##1##]. There has been no descri...
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[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>The bipartite medial cuneiform was originally described by Barlow in 1942 [##UREF##0##1##]. Subsequent cadaveric study demonstrated that the incidence of this variant is between 0.3% and 2.4% [##UREF##1##4##]. In cases of medial cuneiform bipartition, the cuneiform bone is divide...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>A bipartite medial cuneiform is a rare developmental anomaly of the midfoot and has a characteristic appearance on MRI (E-Sign). Knowledge of the presence and appearance of this osseous variant is important in being able to identify this entity and to differentiate it from a fract...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Case presentations</title>", "<title>Case 1: Bipartite medial cuneiform</title>", "<p>A 59-year-old male with chronic lateral ankle pain was referred for an MRI of the ankle by his podiatrist. The MRI demonstrated a split type tear of the peroneus brevis tendon and a plantar calcaneal heel spur. Inciden...
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[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Drawing shows an axial and sagittal configuration of the bipartite medial cuneiform. Typically, there is a horizontal joint space between both cuneiform counterparts seen in the axial and sagittal (arrows) sections.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig ...
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[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-272-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-272-2\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-272-3\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-272-4\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-272-5\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-272-6\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\...
[]
[{"surname": ["Barlow"], "given-names": ["TE"], "article-title": ["Os cuneiform 1 bipartum"], "source": ["Am J Phys Anthropol"], "year": ["1942"], "volume": ["29"], "fpage": ["95"], "lpage": ["111"], "pub-id": ["10.1002/ajpa.1330290108"]}, {"surname": ["Kjellstrom"], "given-names": ["A"], "article-title": ["A case study of os cuneiform mediale bipartum from Sigtuna, Sweden"], "source": ["Int J Osteoarchaeol"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["14"], "fpage": ["475"], "lpage": ["480"], "pub-id": ["10.1002/oa.735"]}, {"surname": ["Bismil", "Foster", "Venkateswaran", "Shanker"], "given-names": ["Q", "PAL", "B", "J"], "article-title": ["Symptomatic bipartite medial cuneiform after injury: a case report"], "source": ["Foot Ankle Surg"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["11"], "fpage": ["55"], "lpage": ["58"]}, {"surname": ["Fulwadhva", "Parker"], "given-names": ["U", "RJ"], "article-title": ["Symptomatic Bipartite Medial Cuneiform"], "source": ["Appl Radiol"], "year": ["2007"], "volume": ["3"], "fpage": ["42"], "lpage": ["44"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
9
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:40
J Med Case Reports. 2008 Aug 13; 2:272
oa_package/ec/a9/PMC2542399.tar.gz
PMC2542400
18727822
[ "<title>Introduction and Case presentation</title>", "<p>We describe a 49-year-old woman with seronegative polyarthritis who developed pustular psoriasis whilst on etanercept and subsequently developed disseminated herpes simplex on infliximab in combination with methotrexate. Our patient presented in 2004 and wa...
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[ "<title>Discussion</title>", "<p>We believe that this is the first description of widespread cutaneous HSV-1 infection following treatment with infliximab. Our patient also developed pustular psoriasis whilst taking etanercept and the psoriasis worsened on re-challenge with etanercept.</p>", "<p>HSV-1 is one of...
[ "<title>Conclusion</title>", "<p>This is the first reported case of disseminated cutaneous HSV-1 infection following treatment with infliximab in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. We believe this unusual adverse reaction to be as a direct result of her immunosuppressive therapy.</p>", "<p>Prophylactic acyclo...
[ "<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper...
[ "<title>Competing interests</title>", "<p>Elizabeth Justice, Sophia Khan and Sarah Logan declare that they have no competing interests.</p>", "<p>Dr Paresh Jobanputra has been involved in commercially sponsored trials of adalimumab and etanercept in rheumatic diseases. He has also received support for education...
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[ "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Scaly pustular lesions on soles of feet typical of pustular psoriasis</bold>.</p></caption></fig>", "<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Vesicular rash on lower legs.</p></caption></fig>" ]
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[ "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-282-1\"/>", "<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-282-2\"/>" ]
[]
[{"surname": ["Oxman", "Gorbach SL, Bartlett JG, Blacklow NR"], "given-names": ["MN"], "article-title": ["Herpes simplex viruses and human herpes virus 6"], "source": ["Infectious Disease"], "year": ["1992"], "publisher-name": ["Philadelphia, PA: Saunders"], "fpage": ["1667"], "lpage": ["1700"]}, {"surname": ["Lefore", "Anderson", "Fletcher"], "given-names": ["S", "PL", "CV"], "article-title": ["A risk-benefit evaluation of Aciclovir for the treatment and prophylaxis of herpes simplex virus infections"], "source": [" Drug Saf"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["23"], "fpage": ["113"], "lpage": ["142"]}, {"article-title": ["BSRBR Newsletter 2007"]}]
{ "acronym": [], "definition": [] }
15
CC BY
no
2022-01-12 14:47:40
J Med Case Reports. 2008 Aug 26; 2:282
oa_package/9e/e7/PMC2542400.tar.gz