---
dataset_name: Smart Contract Intent & Vulnerability Dataset
pretty_name: Smart Contract Intent and Vulnerability Dataset
language:
  - code
task_categories:
  - text-classification
size_categories:
  - 50K-100K
license: mit
multilinguality: monolingual
---

# Smart Contract Intent & Vulnerability Dataset

This dataset contains a large-scale collection of smart contracts annotated with **malicious intents** and **security vulnerabilities**, designed for research on smart contract security analysis and program understanding.

The dataset includes **90,000+ smart contracts** collected from **Ethereum** and **Binance Smart Chain (BSC)**. All data are distributed as a **MySQL database dump** (`.sql.gz`) to support flexible querying and large-scale analysis.

## Dataset Structure

The dataset consists of a single MySQL database with **three tables**:

- **`contracts`**: Main table containing smart contract source code (Solidity) and basic metadata (e.g., contract address and chain).
- **`tokens`**: Intent annotations for token-related smart contracts.
- **`vulnerabilities`**: Vulnerability annotations for smart contracts.

The `contracts` table serves as the primary table and is referenced by both `tokens` and `vulnerabilities`.

## Smart Contract Intent Annotations

The `tokens` table labels token contracts with one or more intent categories that describe potentially malicious or risky behaviors.

| Intent Type | Explanation | Num |
|------------|------------|-----|
| Fee | Arbitrarily modifies transaction fees and redirects them to specific addresses | 33,268 |
| DisableTrading | Enables or disables trading functionality | 6,617 |
| Blacklist | Restricts designated users from trading or transferring tokens | 4,729 |
| Reflection | Redistributes transaction taxes to token holders | 46,452 |
| MaxTX | Limits maximum transaction volume or frequency | 17,043 |
| Mint | Allows minting of new tokens (controlled or unlimited) | 10,572 |
| Honeypot | Prevents users from selling tokens after purchase | 290 |
| Reward | Distributes rewards to incentivize participation | 4,178 |
| Rebase | Algorithmically adjusts token supply | 659 |
| MaxSell | Restricts selling volume or timing | 68 |

## Smart Contract Vulnerability Annotations

The `vulnerabilities` table provides labels for well-known smart contract security issues.

| Vulnerability Type | Num |
|-------------------|-----|
| Block Number Dependency (BN) | 116 |
| Timestamp Dependency (TP) | 214 |
| Dangerous Delegatecall (DE) | 48 |
| Ether Frozen (EF) | 57 |
| Ether Strict Equality (SE) | 45 |
| Integer Overflow (OF) | 23 |
| Reentrancy (RE) | 103 |
| Unchecked External Call (UC) | 113 |

## Data Format and Usage

- **Format**: MySQL database dump (`.sql`, compressed as `.sql.gz`)
- **Language**: Solidity smart contracts
- **Encoding**: UTF-8

To use the dataset, import it into a MySQL database.

```sql
CREATE DATABASE web3;
````

```bash
gunzip web3_all.sql.gz
mysql -u <username> -p web3 < web3_all.sql
```

After import, the database will contain the following tables:

* `contracts`
* `tokens`
* `vulnerabilities`

## Preprocessing

Newline (`\n`) and tab (`\t`) characters in smart contract source code were normalized to a single whitespace to ensure consistency in the input format. This normalization does not change the semantic content and is commonly used in smart contract understanding tasks.

## Intended Use

This dataset is intended for research on:

* Smart contract intent detection
* Vulnerability detection and analysis
* Malicious behavior classification
* Large-scale empirical studies on smart contract security

## Citation

```tex
@article{huang2025smart,
  title={Smart Contract Intent Detection with Pre-trained Programming Language Model},
  author={Huang, Youwei and Li, Jianwen and Fang, Sen and Li, Yao and Yang, Peng and Hu, Bin},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.20086},
  year={2025}
}
```

```tex
@inproceedings{huang2025deep,
  title={Deep smart contract intent detection},
  author={Huang, Youwei and Fang, Sen and Li, Jianwen and Hu, Bin and Tao, Jiachun and Zhang, Tao},
  booktitle={2025 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)},
  pages={124--135},
  year={2025},
  organization={IEEE}
}
```

```tex
@article{huang2022smartintentnn,
  title={Smartintentnn: Towards smart contract intent detection},
  author={Huang, Youwei and Fang, Sen and Li, Jianwen and Hu, Bin and Zhang, Tao},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.13670},
  year={2022}
}
```

## Contributor

- [Youwei Huang](https://www.devil.ren)
- [Sen Fang](https://tomasandersonfang.github.io)

## Acknowledgment

- [Institute of Intelligent Computing Technology, Suzhou, CAS](http://iict.ac.cn/)
- [Macau University of Science and Technology](http://www.must.edu.mo)