Factory manager: One reason the automobile parts this factory produces are expensive is that our manufacturing equipment is outdated and inefficient. Our products would be more competitively priced if we were to refurbish the factory completely with new, more efficient equipment. Ttherefore, since to survive in today' s market we have to make our products more competitively priced, we must completely refurbish the factory in order to survive.
The reasoning in the factory manager's argument is flawed because this argument shifts without justification from treating something as one way of achieving a goal to treating it as the only way of achieving that goal.