One adaptation that enables an animal species to survive despite predation by other species is effective camouflage. Yet some prey species with few or no other adaptations to counteract predation have endured for a long time with black-and-white coloration that seems unlikely to provide effective camouflage.
The statement 'Conspicuous black-and-white areas help animals of the same species avoid encounters with one another' most contributes to a resolution of the apparent discrepancy mentioned above.