Reverse incentive refers to the phenomenon that the original intention of policy design and the actual implementation effect are contrary to one's wishes. Once the reverse incentive effect is stimulated, it will not only worsen the current situation and damage the credit of policy makers, but also further strengthen the relevant negative consequences and eventually lead to a vicious cycle.
The statement 'The teacher helps shy students overcome nervous problems by deliberately asking questions in class' is not a reverse incentive according to the above definition.