<s>
Zotero	B-Application
(	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
reference	B-Application
management	I-Application
software	I-Application
to	O
manage	O
bibliographic	O
data	O
and	O
related	O
research	O
materials	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
PDF	B-Application
files	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Features	O
include	O
web	O
browser	O
integration	O
,	O
online	O
syncing	O
,	O
generation	O
of	O
in-text	O
citations	O
,	O
footnotes	O
,	O
and	O
bibliographies	O
,	O
an	O
integrated	O
PDF	B-Application
reader	O
and	O
note	O
editor	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
integration	O
with	O
the	O
word	B-Application
processors	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Word	I-Application
,	O
LibreOffice	B-Protocol
Writer	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Google	B-Application
Docs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
"	O
Zotero	B-Application
"	O
is	O
loosely	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
Albanian	O
verb	O
zotëroj	O
,	O
meaning	O
"	O
to	O
master	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
Zotero	B-Application
Connector	O
extension	O
is	O
installed	O
in	O
a	O
compatible	O
web	O
browser	O
,	O
a	O
special	O
icon	O
appears	O
in	O
the	O
browser	O
toolbar	O
when	O
a	O
catalog	O
entry	O
or	O
a	O
resource	O
(	O
book	O
,	O
article	O
,	O
thesis	O
)	O
is	O
being	O
viewed	O
on	O
many	O
websites	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
library	O
catalogs	O
or	O
databases	O
like	O
PubMed	B-Library
,	O
Google	B-Library
Scholar	I-Library
,	O
Google	B-Application
Books	I-Application
,	O
Amazon.com,	O
Wikipedia	O
,	O
and	O
publishers	O
 '	O
websites	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clicking	O
this	O
icon	O
saves	O
reference	O
information	O
to	O
the	O
Zotero	B-Application
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
mobile	O
devices	O
or	O
browsers	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
the	O
Zotero	B-Application
Connector	O
extension	O
a	O
bookmarklet	B-Language
is	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
can	O
also	O
save	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
webpage	O
,	O
or	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
academic	O
articles	O
,	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
text	O
PDF	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
users	O
can	O
generate	O
citations	O
and	O
bibliographies	O
through	O
word	B-Application
processor	O
plugins	O
,	O
or	O
directly	O
in	O
Zotero	B-Application
,	O
using	O
Citation	O
Style	O
Language	O
styles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
house	O
styles	O
of	O
most	O
academic	O
journals	O
are	O
available	O
in	O
Zotero	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
bibliography	O
can	O
be	O
reformatted	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
clicks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
also	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
create	O
their	O
own	O
customized	O
citation	O
styles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
can	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
citations	O
from	O
or	O
to	O
many	O
formats	O
,	O
including	O
Wikipedia	O
Citation	O
Templates	O
,	O
BibTeX	B-Language
,	O
BibLateX	O
,	O
RefWorks	B-Library
,	O
MODS	O
,	O
COinS	B-General_Concept
,	O
Citation	O
Style	O
Language/JSON	O
,	O
refer/BibIX	O
,	O
RIS	O
,	O
TEI	B-Language
,	O
several	O
flavours	O
of	O
RDF	O
,	O
Evernote	B-Application
,	O
and	O
EndNote	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
can	O
associate	O
notes	O
with	O
bibliographic	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
annotate	O
PDFs	B-Application
and	O
synchronize	O
them	O
with	O
any	O
of	O
its	O
desktop	O
apps	O
and	O
its	O
iOS	B-Application
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2022	O
,	O
Zotero	B-Application
supports	O
more	O
than	O
forty	O
languages	O
(	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
not	O
totally	O
translated	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
has	O
no	O
institutional	O
customer	O
support	O
service	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Zotero	B-Application
website	O
provides	O
extensive	O
information	O
,	O
including	O
instructional	O
screencasts	O
,	O
troubleshooting	O
tips	O
,	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
known	O
issues	O
,	O
and	O
user	O
forums	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
academic	O
institutions	O
provide	O
Zotero	B-Application
tutorials	O
to	O
their	O
members	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
citation	O
style	O
and	O
translator	O
codes	O
are	O
written	O
by	O
volunteers	O
from	O
the	O
community	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
open-source	B-Application
scripts	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
third	O
party	O
tools	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
Wikipedia	O
's	O
'	O
Citoid	O
 '	O
citation	O
generator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
using	O
the	O
Cita	O
plugin	O
,	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
2021	O
,	O
Zotero	B-Application
supports	O
automated	O
retrieval	O
and	O
sharing	O
of	O
citation	O
network	O
data	O
from	O
and	O
to	O
external	O
sources	O
,	O
and	O
local	O
citation	O
network	O
visualization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
further	O
integrates	O
Zotero	B-Application
to	O
the	O
Initiative	O
for	O
Open	O
Citations	O
ecosystem	O
,	O
including	O
OpenCitations	O
and	O
Wikidata	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PDFs	B-Application
(	O
or	O
other	O
files	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
synchronized	O
from	O
Zotero	B-Application
to	O
other	O
mobile	O
apps	O
through	O
the	O
ZotFile	O
plugin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Juris-M	O
is	O
a	O
fork	O
of	O
Zotero	B-Application
with	O
additional	O
features	O
supporting	O
legal	O
research	O
and	O
multilingual	O
citations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
mobile	O
apps	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
(	O
iPad	O
and	O
iPhone	O
)	O
and	O
for	O
Android	O
tablets	O
and	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
iOS	B-Application
app	O
is	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
creators	O
of	O
the	O
Zotero	B-Application
desktop	O
app	O
and	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
March	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Android	O
app	O
by	O
Zotero	B-Application
is	O
also	O
under	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Synchronizing	O
a	O
library	O
to	O
zotero.org	B-Application
allows	O
users	O
to	O
access	O
and	O
edit	O
the	O
library	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
web	O
library	O
"	O
interface	O
from	O
any	O
current	O
web	O
browser	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
mobile	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
website	O
on	O
a	O
tablet	O
or	O
mobile	O
phone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2018	O
,	O
Zotero	B-Application
's	O
creators	O
launched	O
the	O
web-based	B-Application
bibliography	O
tool	O
ZoteroBib	O
(	O
zbib.org	O
)	O
,	O
where	O
users	O
can	O
generate	O
bibliographies	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
without	O
installing	O
Zotero	B-Application
or	O
creating	O
a	O
Zotero	B-Application
account	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
of	O
Zotero	B-Application
has	O
been	O
funded	O
by	O
the	O
Andrew	O
W	O
.	O
Mellon	O
Foundation	O
,	O
the	O
Alfred	O
P	O
.	O
Sloan	O
Foundation	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Institute	O
of	O
Museum	O
and	O
Library	O
Services	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
user	O
donations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
has	O
won	O
awards	O
from	O
PC	O
Magazine	O
,	O
Northwestern	O
University	O
's	O
CiteFest	O
competition	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
American	O
Political	O
Science	O
Association	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
Zotero	B-Application
,	O
1.0.0b2.r1	O
,	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
in	O
October	O
2006	O
as	O
an	O
add-on	B-Operating_System
for	O
the	O
Firefox	B-Application
web	I-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
of	O
Zotero	B-Application
1.0.x	O
continued	O
until	O
May	O
2009	O
,	O
when	O
Zotero	B-Application
1.0.10	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
Thomson	O
Reuters	O
sued	O
the	O
Commonwealth	O
of	O
Virginia	B-Application
and	O
George	O
Mason	O
University	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
claim	O
that	O
Zotero	B-Application
's	O
developers	O
had	O
,	O
in	O
violation	O
of	O
the	O
EndNote	B-Library
EULA	O
,	O
reverse-engineered	O
EndNote	B-Library
and	O
provided	O
Zotero	B-Application
with	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
convert	O
EndNote	B-Library
's	O
proprietary	O
.ens	O
styles	O
into	O
Citation	O
Style	O
Language	O
(	O
CSL	O
)	O
styles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
George	O
Mason	O
University	O
responded	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
renew	O
their	O
site	O
license	O
for	O
EndNote	B-Library
and	O
that	O
"	O
anything	O
created	O
by	O
users	O
of	O
Zotero	B-Application
belongs	O
to	O
those	O
users	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
as	O
easy	O
as	O
possible	O
for	O
Zotero	B-Application
users	O
to	O
move	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
software	O
as	O
they	O
wish	O
,	O
without	O
friction	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
journal	O
Nature	O
editorialized	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
virtues	O
of	O
interoperability	O
and	O
easy	O
data	B-Application
sharing	I-Application
among	O
researchers	O
are	O
worth	O
restating	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Imagine	O
if	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Word	I-Application
or	O
Excel	B-Application
files	O
could	O
be	O
opened	O
and	O
saved	O
only	O
in	O
these	O
proprietary	O
formats	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
would	O
be	O
impossible	O
for	O
OpenOffice	B-Application
and	O
other	O
such	O
software	O
to	O
read	O
and	O
save	O
these	O
files	O
using	O
open	O
standards	O
—	O
as	O
they	O
can	O
legally	O
do.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
Virginia	B-Application
Supreme	O
Court	O
granted	O
an	O
appeal	O
to	O
Thomson	O
Reuters	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
on	O
December	O
18	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
appeal	O
was	O
withdrawn	O
on	O
January	O
11	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
2.0	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
February	O
2010	O
,	O
added	O
online	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
metadata	O
and	O
file	O
syncing	O
and	O
group	O
libraries	O
,	O
and	O
included	O
a	O
license	O
change	O
from	O
the	O
Educational	B-License
Community	I-License
License	I-License
to	O
GPLv3	B-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
of	O
Zotero	B-Application
2.0.x	O
continued	O
until	O
October	O
2010	O
,	O
when	O
Zotero	B-Application
2.0.9	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
2.1	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
March	O
2011	O
,	O
adds	O
CSL	O
1.0	O
support	O
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
4	O
compatibility	O
(	O
the	O
minimum	O
is	O
Firefox	B-Application
3.6	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Zotero	B-Application
Commons	O
,	O
through	O
which	O
materials	O
can	O
be	O
uploaded	O
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
Archive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
Standalone	O
,	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
2011	O
,	O
allowed	O
Zotero	B-Application
to	O
be	O
run	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
program	O
outside	O
Firefox	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
XULRunner	B-Language
,	O
Zotero	B-Application
Standalone	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
for	O
Windows	O
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
and	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Browser	O
connectors	O
were	O
available	O
to	O
use	O
Zotero	B-Application
Standalone	O
with	O
the	O
web	O
browsers	O
Safari	O
and	O
Chrome	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
3.0	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
2012	O
,	O
includes	O
the	O
stable	O
release	O
of	O
Zotero	B-Application
Standalone	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
several	O
new	O
major	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
overhauled	O
Word	B-Application
and	O
LibreOffice	B-Application
integration	O
and	O
duplicate	O
detection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
3.0	O
also	O
introduced	O
the	O
Zotero	B-Application
bookmarklet	B-Language
for	O
iOS	B-Application
browsers	O
,	O
Android	O
browser	O
,	O
Chrome	O
for	O
Android	O
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
mobile	O
,	O
and	O
Opera	O
mobile	O
allowing	O
uses	O
to	O
save	O
reference	O
data	O
to	O
their	O
Zotero	B-Application
library	O
when	O
using	O
mobile	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
4.0	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
April	O
2013	O
,	O
includes	O
new	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
automatic	O
journal	O
abbreviations	O
,	O
direct	O
downloading	O
of	O
PDFs	B-Application
to	O
Zotero	B-Application
Standalone	O
from	O
the	O
Zotero	B-Application
Firefox	B-Application
plugin	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
save	O
button	O
on	O
the	O
Zotero	B-Application
browser	O
plugin	O
(	O
which	O
combines	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
the	O
address	O
bar	O
icon	O
and	O
the	O
“	O
Create	O
Web	O
Page	O
Item	O
from	O
Current	O
Page	O
”	O
button	O
)	O
,	O
colored	O
tags	O
,	O
and	O
on-demand	O
file	O
syncing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zotero	B-Application
5.0	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
July	O
2017	O
,	O
did	O
away	O
with	O
the	O
Firefox	B-Application
plugin	O
,	O
replacing	O
it	O
with	O
a	O
Firefox	B-Application
connector	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
standalone	O
product	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
now	O
simply	O
branded	O
as	O
the	O
Zotero	B-Application
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
move	O
was	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
Mozilla	O
discontinuing	O
its	O
powerful	O
extension	O
framework	O
on	O
which	O
Zotero	B-Application
for	O
Firefox	B-Application
was	O
based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Zotero	B-Application
Connectors	O
for	O
Chrome	O
and	O
Safari	O
were	O
also	O
revamped	O
,	O
and	O
given	O
additional	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
point	O
update	O
also	O
introduced	O
a	O
new	O
PDF	B-Application
recognizer	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
Zotero-designed	O
web	O
service	O
that	O
does	O
n't	O
rely	O
on	O
Google	B-Library
Scholar	I-Library
,	O
to	O
retrieve	O
metadata	O
for	O
PDF	B-Application
files	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2018	O
,	O
automatic	O
PDF	B-Application
file	I-Application
retrieval	O
,	O
until	O
then	O
limited	O
to	O
directly	O
saving	O
from	O
original	O
web	O
sources	O
,	O
was	O
expanded	O
to	O
include	O
open-access	O
PDF	B-Application
files	I-Application
available	O
at	O
Unpaywall	O
,	O
and	O
integration	O
with	O
word	B-Application
processors	O
was	O
extended	O
to	O
include	O
Google	B-Application
Docs	I-Application
through	O
the	O
Firefox	B-Application
and	O
Chrome	O
connectors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2019	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Retraction	O
Watch	O
,	O
Zotero	B-Application
started	O
flagging	O
retracted	O
publications	O
in	O
its	O
app	O
,	O
and	O
warns	O
users	O
who	O
try	O
to	O
cite	O
retracted	O
articles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
version	O
6.0	O
,	O
Zotero	B-Application
added	O
an	O
integrated	O
PDF	B-Application
viewer	O
and	O
annotation	O
functionality	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
note	O
editor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
iOS	B-Application
app	O
was	O
also	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
