<s>
In	O
computing	O
,	O
a	O
zooming	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
or	O
zoomable	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
ZUI	B-Application
,	O
pronounced	O
zoo-ee	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
environment	I-Application
where	O
users	O
can	O
change	O
the	O
scale	O
of	O
the	O
viewed	O
area	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
see	O
more	O
detail	O
or	O
less	O
,	O
and	O
browse	O
through	O
different	O
documents	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
ZUI	B-Application
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Information	O
elements	O
appear	O
directly	O
on	O
an	O
infinite	O
virtual	B-Application
desktop	I-Application
(	O
usually	O
created	O
using	O
vector	O
graphics	O
)	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
in	O
windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZUIs	B-Application
use	O
zooming	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
metaphor	O
for	O
browsing	O
through	O
hyperlinked	O
or	O
multivariate	B-General_Concept
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Objects	O
present	O
inside	O
a	O
zoomed	O
page	O
can	O
in	O
turn	O
be	O
zoomed	O
themselves	O
to	O
reveal	O
further	O
detail	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
recursive	O
nesting	B-General_Concept
and	O
an	O
arbitrary	O
level	O
of	O
zoom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
detail	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
resized	O
object	O
is	O
changed	O
to	O
fit	O
the	O
relevant	O
information	O
into	O
the	O
current	O
size	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
proportional	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
object	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
called	O
semantic	B-Application
zooming	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
consider	O
the	O
ZUI	B-Application
paradigm	O
as	O
a	O
flexible	O
and	O
realistic	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
traditional	O
windowing	O
GUI	B-Application
,	O
being	O
a	O
Post-WIMP	B-Application
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ivan	O
Sutherland	O
presented	O
the	O
first	O
program	O
for	O
zooming	O
through	O
and	O
creating	O
graphical	O
structures	O
with	O
constraints	O
and	O
instancing	O
,	O
on	O
a	O
CRT	O
in	O
his	O
Sketchpad	B-Application
program	O
in	O
1962	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hand	O
tracking	O
,	O
touchscreen	B-Device
,	O
joystick	B-Device
,	O
and	O
voice	B-Application
control	I-Application
were	O
employed	O
to	O
control	O
an	O
infinite	O
plane	O
of	O
projects	O
,	O
documents	B-Protocol
,	O
contacts	O
,	O
video	O
and	O
interactive	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
GUI	B-Application
environment	O
of	O
the	O
70	O
's	O
,	O
which	O
used	O
the	O
zooming	O
idea	O
was	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
at	O
Xerox	O
PARC	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
infinite	O
desktops	O
(	O
only	O
later	O
named	O
such	O
by	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
)	O
,	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
zoomed	O
in	O
upon	O
from	O
a	O
birds	O
eye	O
view	O
after	O
the	O
user	O
had	O
recognized	O
a	O
miniature	O
of	O
the	O
window	O
setup	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
longest	O
running	O
effort	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
ZUI	B-Application
has	O
been	O
the	O
Pad++	O
project	O
begun	O
by	O
Ken	O
Perlin	O
,	O
Jim	O
Hollan	O
,	O
and	O
Ben	O
Bederson	O
at	O
New	O
York	O
University	O
and	O
continued	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
New	O
Mexico	O
under	O
Hollan	O
's	O
direction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Pad++	O
,	O
Bederson	O
developed	O
Jazz	O
,	O
then	O
Piccolo	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
Piccolo2D	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Maryland	O
,	O
College	O
Park	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
maintained	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
C#	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
recent	O
ZUI	B-Application
efforts	O
include	O
Archy	B-Application
by	O
the	O
late	O
Jef	O
Raskin	O
,	O
developed	O
at	O
INRIA	O
(	O
which	O
uses	O
the	O
Sigma	O
lens	O
technique	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
simple	O
ZUI	B-Application
of	O
the	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
Smalltalk	I-Operating_System
programming	O
environment	O
and	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
ZUI	B-Application
itself	O
was	O
coined	O
by	O
Franklin	O
Servan-Schreiber	O
and	O
Tom	O
Grauman	O
while	O
they	O
worked	O
together	O
at	O
the	O
Sony	O
Research	O
Laboratories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
were	O
developing	O
the	O
first	O
Zooming	B-Application
User	I-Application
Interface	I-Application
library	B-Library
based	O
on	O
Java	B-Language
1.0	O
,	O
in	O
partnership	O
with	O
Prof	O
.	O
Ben	O
Bederson	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
New	O
Mexico	O
,	O
and	O
Prof	O
.	O
Ken	O
Perlin	O
,	O
New	O
York	O
University	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2002	O
,	O
Pieter	O
Muller	O
extended	O
the	O
Oberon	B-Application
System	I-Application
with	O
a	O
zooming	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
and	O
named	O
it	O
Active	O
Object	O
System	O
(	O
AOS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
copyright	O
issues	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
renamed	O
to	O
Bluebottle	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
2008	O
,	O
to	O
A2	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Live	O
Labs	O
released	O
a	O
zooming	O
UI	O
for	O
web	O
browsing	O
called	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Live	I-Operating_System
Labs	I-Operating_System
Deepfish	I-Operating_System
for	O
the	O
Windows	O
Mobile	O
5	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
's	O
iPhone	B-Device
(	O
premiered	O
June	O
2007	O
)	O
uses	O
a	O
stylized	O
form	O
of	O
ZUI	B-Application
,	O
in	O
which	O
panning	O
and	O
zooming	O
are	O
performed	O
through	O
a	O
touch	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
TUI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
more	O
fully	O
realised	O
ZUI	B-Application
is	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
home	O
screen	O
(	O
as	O
of	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
7	I-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
with	O
zooming	O
from	O
the	O
homescreen	O
in	O
to	O
folders	O
and	O
finally	O
in	O
to	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
full	O
ZUI	B-Application
implementation	O
since	O
these	O
operations	O
are	O
applied	O
to	O
bounded	O
spaces	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
web	O
pages	O
or	O
photos	O
)	O
and	O
have	O
a	O
limited	O
range	O
of	O
zooming	O
and	O
panning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
2008	O
to	O
2010	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
used	O
a	O
zooming	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
for	O
virtual	O
workspaces	B-Application
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
ZUI	B-Application
was	O
eventually	O
replaced	O
by	O
a	O
different	O
,	O
scrolling-based	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
bigpictu.re	O
offers	O
an	O
infinite	O
(	O
pan	O
and	O
zoom	O
)	O
notepad	O
as	O
a	O
web	O
application	O
based	O
on	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
ZUI	B-Application
open-source	O
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
UI	O
library	B-Library
that	O
uses	O
zoomable	B-Application
navigation	O
and	O
circular	O
shapes	O
.	O
</s>
