<s>
Zeta	B-Protocol
Instrument	I-Protocol
Processor	I-Protocol
Interface	I-Protocol
(	O
ZIPI	B-Protocol
)	O
was	O
a	O
research	O
project	O
initiated	O
by	O
Zeta	O
Instruments	O
and	O
UC	O
Berkeley	O
's	O
CNMAT	O
(	O
Center	O
for	O
New	O
Music	O
and	O
Audio	O
Technologies	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Introduced	O
in	O
1994	O
in	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
publications	O
in	O
Computer	O
Music	O
Journal	O
from	O
MIT	O
Press	O
,	O
ZIPI	B-Protocol
was	O
intended	O
as	O
the	O
next-generation	O
transport	B-Architecture
protocol	I-Architecture
for	O
digital	O
musical	O
instruments	O
,	O
designed	O
with	O
compliance	O
to	O
the	O
OSI	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
draft	O
working	O
version	O
of	O
ZIPI	B-Protocol
was	O
primarily	O
aimed	O
at	O
addressing	O
many	O
limitations	O
of	O
MIDI	O
(	O
Musical	O
Instrument	O
Digital	O
Interface	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
MIDI	O
which	O
uses	O
a	O
peer-to-peer	O
serial	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
connection	O
,	O
ZIPI	B-Protocol
was	O
designed	O
to	O
run	O
over	O
a	O
star	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
with	O
a	O
hub	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allowed	O
for	O
faster	O
connection	O
and	O
disconnection	O
,	O
because	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
daisy-chain	B-Application
multiple	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
10BASE-T	B-Protocol
was	O
used	O
at	O
the	O
physical	B-Application
layer	I-Application
,	O
but	O
the	O
protocol	O
did	O
not	O
depend	O
on	O
any	O
physical	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
were	O
proposals	O
for	O
querying	O
device	O
capabilities	O
,	O
patch	O
names	O
and	O
other	O
system	O
and	O
patch	O
parameters	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
uploading	B-Application
and	O
downloading	B-Application
samples	O
into	O
device	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZIPI	B-Protocol
used	O
completely	O
new	O
message	O
system	O
and	O
a	O
complex	O
note	O
addressing	O
scheme	O
based	O
on	O
Music	O
Parameter	O
Description	O
Language	O
(	O
MPDL	O
)	O
protocol	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
direct	O
replacement	O
to	O
MIDI	O
events	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
were	O
also	O
some	O
higher-level	O
messages	O
corresponding	O
to	O
advanced	O
program	O
parameters	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
modulation	B-Application
,	O
envelopes	O
and	O
3D	O
spatialization	O
of	O
voices	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
instrument-specific	O
messages	O
for	O
guitar	O
,	O
wind	O
,	O
and	O
drum	O
controllers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
ZIPI	B-Protocol
provided	O
many	O
outstanding	O
new	O
features	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
line	O
up	O
well	O
with	O
existing	O
MIDI-based	O
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maintaining	O
1,016,127	O
individual	O
synthesis	O
states	O
was	O
far	O
beyond	O
the	O
capabilities	O
of	O
synth	O
hardware	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
ZIPI	B-Protocol
developers	O
hinted	O
that	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
some	O
practical	O
limits	O
upon	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
simultaneously	O
available	O
programs	O
and	O
notes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
no	O
commercial	O
devices	O
were	O
released	O
supporting	O
ZIPI	B-Protocol
,	O
the	O
sufficiency	O
of	O
MIDI	O
for	O
most	O
applications	O
and	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
"	O
(	O
IEEE1394	B-Protocol
)	O
as	O
the	O
alternative	O
physical	B-Application
layer	I-Application
soon	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
practical	O
demise	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZIPI	B-Protocol
web	O
site	O
at	O
CNMAT	O
asserts	O
that	O
IEEE1394	B-Protocol
"	O
supersedes	O
ZIPI	B-Protocol
in	O
every	O
respect	O
,	O
"	O
mainly	O
because	O
it	O
has	O
simpler	O
interface	O
requirements	O
:	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
a	O
hub	O
,	O
supports	O
hot	O
plugging	O
(	O
devices	O
may	O
be	O
added	O
or	O
removed	O
more	O
conveniently	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
includes	O
an	O
isolated	O
power	O
distribution	O
scheme	O
.	O
</s>
