<s>
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
(	O
also	O
spelled	O
ØMQ	B-Operating_System
,	O
0MQ	B-Operating_System
or	O
ZMQ	B-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
an	O
asynchronous	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
library	O
,	O
aimed	O
at	O
use	O
in	O
distributed	B-Architecture
or	O
concurrent	B-Operating_System
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
a	O
message	B-Operating_System
queue	I-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
unlike	O
message-oriented	B-Application
middleware	I-Application
,	O
a	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
system	O
can	O
run	O
without	O
a	O
dedicated	O
message	B-General_Concept
broker	I-General_Concept
;	O
the	O
zero	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
is	O
for	O
zero	O
broker	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
library	O
's	O
API	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
resemble	O
Berkeley	B-Protocol
sockets	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
is	O
developed	O
by	O
a	O
large	O
community	O
of	O
contributors	O
,	O
founded	O
by	O
iMatix	B-Application
,	O
which	O
holds	O
the	O
domain	O
name	O
and	O
trademarks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
API	O
provides	O
sockets	O
(	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
generalization	O
over	O
the	O
traditional	O
IP	B-Protocol
and	O
Unix	B-Protocol
domain	I-Protocol
sockets	I-Protocol
)	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
can	O
represent	O
a	O
many-to-many	B-Architecture
connection	O
between	O
endpoints	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Operating	O
with	O
a	O
message-wise	O
granularity	O
,	O
they	O
require	O
that	O
a	O
messaging	B-Operating_System
pattern	I-Operating_System
be	O
used	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
particularly	O
optimized	O
for	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
pattern	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basic	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
patterns	O
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
remote	B-Operating_System
procedure	I-Operating_System
call	I-Operating_System
and	O
task	O
distribution	O
pattern	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
parallel	B-Operating_System
task	O
distribution	O
and	O
collection	O
pattern	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Request-reply	B-Protocol
defines	O
a	O
so-called	O
"	O
service	O
bus	O
"	O
,	O
publish-subscribe	B-Operating_System
defines	O
a	O
"	O
data	O
distribution	O
tree	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
push-pull	O
defines	O
"	O
parallelised	O
pipeline	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
message	O
through	O
the	O
socket	O
is	O
treated	O
as	O
an	O
opaque	O
blob	B-General_Concept
of	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Delivery	O
to	O
a	O
subscriber	O
can	O
be	O
automatically	O
filtered	O
by	O
the	O
blob	B-General_Concept
leading	O
string	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Available	O
message	O
transports	O
include	O
TCP	B-Protocol
,	O
PGM	B-Protocol
(	O
reliable	O
multicast	O
)	O
,	O
inter-process	B-Operating_System
communication	I-Operating_System
(	O
IPC	B-Operating_System
)	O
and	O
inter-thread	B-Operating_System
communication	I-Operating_System
(	O
ITC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
core	O
library	O
performs	O
very	O
well	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
internal	O
threading	O
model	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
outperform	O
conventional	O
TCP	B-Protocol
applications	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
throughput	O
by	O
utilizing	O
an	O
automatic	O
message	O
batching	O
technique	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
implements	O
ZMTP	O
,	O
the	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
Message	O
Transfer	O
Protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
projects	O
implement	O
ZMTP	O
directly	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
using	O
the	O
full	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iMatix	B-Application
CEO	O
Pieter	O
Hintjens	O
registered	O
the	O
zeromq.org	O
domain	O
in	O
May	O
2007	O
and	O
started	O
the	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
project	O
together	O
with	O
Martin	O
Sustrik	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
its	O
architect	O
and	O
lead	O
developer	O
until	O
December	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
30	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
Hintjens	O
announced	O
that	O
iMatix	B-Application
(	O
the	O
original	O
designer	O
of	O
Advanced	B-Operating_System
Message	I-Operating_System
Queuing	I-Operating_System
Protocol	I-Operating_System
)	O
would	O
leave	O
the	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
workgroup	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
plan	O
to	O
support	O
AMQP/1.0	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
the	O
significantly	O
simpler	O
and	O
faster	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CERN	O
study	O
compared	O
two	O
open	O
source	O
implementations	O
of	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
,	O
Ice	B-Operating_System
,	O
Thrift	B-Protocol
,	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
,	O
YAMI4	O
,	O
RTI	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Qpid	B-Application
(	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
)	O
and	O
scored	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
highest	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
for	O
its	O
versatility	O
,	O
including	O
its	O
easy	O
adaptability	O
to	O
the	O
LynxOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
2012	O
,	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
developers	O
forked	B-Application
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
as	O
Crossroads	O
I/O	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Martin	O
Sustrik	O
has	O
started	O
nanomsg	O
,	O
a	O
rewrite	O
of	O
the	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
core	O
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2012	O
,	O
Dongmin	O
Yu	O
announced	O
his	O
pure	O
Java	O
conversion	O
of	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
,	O
JeroMQ	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2013	O
,	O
Pieter	O
Hintjens	O
announced	O
a	O
new	O
draft	O
of	O
the	O
ZMTP	O
wire-level	O
protocol	O
bringing	O
extensible	O
security	O
mechanisms	O
to	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
community	O
mostly	O
uses	O
the	O
Collective	O
Code	O
Construction	O
Contract	O
(	O
C4	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
development	O
contract	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C4	O
is	O
inspired	O
by	O
Wikipedia	O
processes	O
and	O
GitHub	B-Application
's	O
fork	B-Application
+	O
pull	O
request	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
