<s>
Carl	O
Zeiss	O
AG	O
(	O
,	O
)	O
,	O
branded	O
as	O
ZEISS	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
German	O
manufacturer	O
of	O
optical	B-Algorithm
systems	I-Algorithm
and	O
optoelectronics	O
,	O
founded	O
in	O
Jena	B-Application
,	O
Germany	O
in	O
1846	O
by	O
optician	O
Carl	O
Zeiss	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZEISS	O
is	O
active	O
in	O
four	O
business	O
segments	O
with	O
approximately	O
equal	O
revenue	O
(	O
Industrial	O
Quality	O
and	O
Research	O
,	O
Medical	O
Technology	O
,	O
Consumer	O
Markets	O
and	O
Semiconductor	B-Architecture
Manufacturing	I-Architecture
Technology	O
)	O
in	O
almost	O
50	O
countries	O
,	O
has	O
30	O
production	O
sites	O
and	O
around	O
25	O
development	O
sites	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Zeiss	O
Group	O
has	O
its	O
headquarters	O
in	O
southern	O
Germany	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
small	O
town	O
of	O
Oberkochen	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
second	O
largest	O
,	O
and	O
founding	O
site	O
,	O
being	O
Jena	B-Application
in	O
eastern	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung	O
is	O
the	O
glass	O
manufacturer	O
Schott	O
AG	O
,	O
located	O
in	O
Mainz	O
and	O
Jena	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Carl	O
Zeiss	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
oldest	O
existing	O
optics	B-Algorithm
manufacturers	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Carl	O
Zeiss	O
opened	O
an	O
optics	B-Algorithm
workshop	O
in	O
Jena	B-Application
in	O
1846	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Hensoldt	O
System	O
Technology	O
division	O
(	O
resulting	O
from	O
a	O
merger	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
optics	B-Algorithm
operations	O
of	O
Leica	O
and	O
Hensoldt	O
)	O
was	O
continued	O
by	O
Zeiss	O
under	O
the	O
Hensoldt	O
name	O
until	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
great	O
respect	O
for	O
the	O
engineering	O
innovation	O
that	O
came	O
out	O
of	O
Dresden	O
—	O
before	O
the	O
war	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	O
35mm	O
single-lens	B-Algorithm
reflex	I-Algorithm
camera	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
Kine	B-Algorithm
Exakta	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
miniature	O
camera	O
with	O
good	O
picture	O
quality	O
were	O
developed	O
there	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
war	O
,	O
Jena	B-Application
was	O
occupied	O
by	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Army	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Jena	B-Application
and	O
Dresden	O
were	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
Soviet	O
occupation	O
zone	O
,	O
later	O
East	O
Germany	O
,	O
some	O
parts	O
of	O
Zeiss	O
Jena	B-Application
were	O
relocated	O
by	O
the	O
US	O
army	O
to	O
the	O
Contessa	O
manufacturing	O
facility	O
in	O
Stuttgart	O
,	O
West	O
Germany	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
remainder	O
of	O
Zeiss	O
Jena	B-Application
was	O
reestablished	O
by	O
the	O
(	O
eastern	O
)	O
German	O
Democratic	O
Republic	O
as	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Soviet	O
Army	O
took	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
existing	O
Zeiss	O
factories	O
and	O
tooling	O
as	O
World	O
War	O
II	O
spoils	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
Soviet	O
Union	O
,	O
establishing	O
the	O
Kiev	B-Algorithm
camera	I-Algorithm
works	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
eastern	O
Zeiss	O
Jena	B-Application
was	O
also	O
well	O
known	O
for	O
producing	O
high-quality	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1991	O
,	O
was	O
split	O
in	O
two	O
,	O
with	O
taking	O
over	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
divisions	O
for	O
microscopy	O
and	O
other	O
precision	O
optics	B-Algorithm
(	O
effectively	O
reuniting	O
the	O
pre-war	O
Carl	O
Zeiss	O
enterprise	O
)	O
and	O
moving	O
its	O
microscopy	O
and	O
planetarium	O
divisions	O
back	O
to	O
Jena	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Hensoldt	O
AG	O
was	O
renamed	O
Carl	O
Zeiss	O
Sports	O
Optics	B-Algorithm
GmbH	O
on	O
1	O
October	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
this	O
becomes	O
exemplarily	O
visible	O
in	O
the	O
latest	O
EUV	B-Algorithm
lithography	I-Algorithm
systems	O
,	O
the	O
equipment	O
needed	O
to	O
produce	O
the	O
latest	O
generations	O
of	O
semiconductor	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Abbe	O
was	O
instrumental	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
famous	O
Jena	B-Application
optical	O
glass	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
His	O
challenge	O
to	O
glass	O
manufacturers	O
was	O
finally	O
answered	O
by	O
Dr.	O
Otto	O
Schott	O
,	O
who	O
established	O
the	O
famous	O
glassworks	O
at	O
Jena	B-Application
from	O
which	O
new	O
types	O
of	O
optical	O
glass	O
began	O
to	O
appear	O
from	O
1888	O
to	O
be	O
employed	O
by	O
Zeiss	O
and	O
other	O
makers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
Jena	B-Application
optical	O
glass	O
also	O
opened	O
up	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
increased	O
performance	O
of	O
photographic	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
use	O
of	O
Jena	B-Application
glass	O
in	O
a	O
photographic	O
lens	O
was	O
by	O
Voigtländer	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
the	O
lens	O
was	O
an	O
old	O
design	O
its	O
performance	O
was	O
not	O
greatly	O
improved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
partitioning	O
of	O
Germany	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
Carl	O
Zeiss	O
optical	O
company	O
was	O
established	O
in	O
Oberkochen	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
original	O
Zeiss	O
firm	O
in	O
Jena	B-Application
continued	O
to	O
operate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jena	B-Application
's	O
new	O
direction	O
was	O
to	O
concentrate	O
on	O
developing	O
lenses	O
for	O
35mm	O
single-lens	B-Algorithm
reflex	I-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
many	O
achievements	O
were	O
made	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
ultra-wide	O
angle	O
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
that	O
,	O
Oberkochen	O
also	O
worked	O
on	O
designing	O
lenses	O
for	O
the	O
35mm	O
single-lens	B-Algorithm
reflex	I-Algorithm
camera	I-Algorithm
Contarex	B-Algorithm
,	O
for	O
the	O
medium	O
format	O
camera	O
Hasselblad	B-Algorithm
,	O
for	O
large	O
format	O
cameras	O
like	O
the	O
Linhof	O
Technika	O
,	O
interchangeable	O
front	O
element	O
lenses	O
such	O
as	O
for	O
the	O
35mm	O
single-lens	B-Algorithm
reflex	I-Algorithm
Contaflex	B-Algorithm
and	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
has	O
licensed	O
its	O
name	O
or	O
technology	O
to	O
various	O
other	O
companies	O
including	O
Hasselblad	B-Algorithm
,	O
Rollei	O
,	O
Yashica	O
,	O
Sony	O
,	O
Logitech	O
and	O
Alpa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
collaboration	O
varies	O
,	O
from	O
co-branding	O
optics	B-Algorithm
designed	O
by	O
another	O
firm	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
Sony	O
)	O
to	O
complete	O
optical	O
design	O
and	O
manufacturing	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
Hasselblad	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
27	O
April	O
2005	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
announced	O
a	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Nokia	O
in	O
the	O
camera	O
phone	O
market	O
,	O
with	O
Zeiss	O
providing	O
camera	O
optics	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
smartphone	B-Application
to	O
be	O
co-engineered	O
with	O
Zeiss	O
optics	B-Algorithm
was	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Language
N90	I-Language
,	O
Zeiss	O
will	O
again	O
provide	O
optics	B-Algorithm
for	O
Nokia	O
products	O
through	O
a	O
collaboration	O
with	O
HMD	O
Global	O
announced	O
on	O
6	O
July	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
collaboration	O
agreement	O
,	O
Vivo	O
and	O
Zeiss	O
will	O
establish	O
the	O
Vivo	O
Zeiss	O
Imaging	O
Lab	O
,	O
a	O
joint	O
R&D	O
program	O
to	O
innovate	O
mobile	O
imaging	O
technology	O
for	O
Vivo	O
’s	O
flagship	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
World	O
War	O
II	O
,	O
Japanese	O
Nippon	O
Kogaku	O
offered	O
the	O
"	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
"	O
camera	O
,	O
and	O
Zeiss	O
Ikon	O
prevented	O
some	O
European	O
distribution	O
under	O
the	O
theory	O
that	O
"	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
"	O
was	O
an	O
infringement	O
on	O
their	O
brand	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
World	O
War	O
II	O
,	O
the	O
Soviets	O
removed	O
the	O
Contax	O
factory	O
to	O
Kiev	B-Algorithm
,	O
as	O
war	O
reparations	O
,	O
and	O
produced	O
the	O
Contax	O
II	O
and	O
III	O
cameras	O
under	O
the	O
Kiev	B-Algorithm
brand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Kiev	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
were	O
identical	O
except	O
for	O
logos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
IIa	O
and	O
IIIa	O
hit	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
they	O
faced	O
strong	O
competition	O
from	O
many	O
European	O
and	O
Asian	O
brands	O
,	O
notably	O
the	O
visually	O
similar	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
which	O
was	O
a	O
high	O
quality	O
camera	O
sharing	O
the	O
same	O
lens-mount	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
mid-1950s	O
,	O
Zeiss	O
Ikon	O
was	O
focusing	O
on	O
single-lens	B-Algorithm
reflex	I-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
and	O
while	O
offering	O
rangefinders	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
adding	O
features	O
and	O
became	O
uncompetitive	O
with	O
Japanese	O
brands	O
including	O
Canon	O
,	O
Yashica	O
,	O
Minolta	O
,	O
and	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Zeiss	B-Algorithm
Ikon	I-Algorithm
Contaflex	I-Algorithm
single-lens	B-Algorithm
reflex	I-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
were	O
viable	O
in	O
the	O
mid	O
1950s	O
,	O
but	O
soon	O
lost	O
market	O
share	O
to	O
the	O
Japanese	O
brands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
recent	O
"	O
Zeiss	O
Ikon	O
"	O
rangefinder	O
camera	O
was	O
an	O
M	B-Algorithm
mount	I-Algorithm
camera	O
with	O
automatic	O
exposure	O
,	O
introduced	O
by	O
Zeiss	O
in	O
2004	O
,	O
manufactured	O
in	O
Japan	O
by	O
Cosina	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
discontinued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Carl	O
Zeiss	O
AG	O
has	O
produced	O
lenses	O
for	O
Hasselblad	B-Algorithm
and	O
Rollei	O
cameras	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
has	O
produced	O
lenses	O
for	O
large	O
format	O
and	O
press	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
has	O
departed	O
the	O
large-format	O
optics	B-Algorithm
field	O
along	O
with	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
,	O
leaving	O
Schneider	O
and	O
Rodenstock	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
makers	O
of	O
such	O
lenses	O
today	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
ZM	O
lenses	O
fit	O
Leica	B-Algorithm
M	I-Algorithm
mount	I-Algorithm
cameras	O
,	O
including	O
Leica	B-Algorithm
M	I-Algorithm
series	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
Ricoh	B-Device
GXR	I-Device
A12	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
mirrorless	B-Device
interchangeable-lens	I-Device
cameras	I-Device
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
adapters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
produces	O
optically	O
identical	O
manual-focus	O
lenses	O
for	O
multiple	O
SLR	B-Algorithm
lens	O
mounts	O
under	O
the	O
ZE	O
,	O
ZF	O
,	O
ZK	O
,	O
and	O
ZS	O
lines	O
,	O
manufactured	O
in	O
Japan	O
by	O
Cosina	O
to	O
Zeiss	O
specifications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZE	O
lenses	O
fit	O
the	O
Canon	B-Application
EF	I-Application
lens	I-Application
mount	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
feature	O
electronic	O
contacts	O
allowing	O
for	O
focus-confirmation	O
,	O
and	O
electric	O
aperture	O
operation	O
as	O
with	O
standard	O
Canon	B-Application
EF	I-Application
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZF	O
series	O
lenses	O
fit	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Architecture
F-mount	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
are	O
manual-focus	O
designs	O
with	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
AI-S	O
type	O
aperture	O
indexing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZF.2	O
lenses	O
are	O
like	O
ZF	O
lenses	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
addition	O
CPU	O
functionality	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
AI-P	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
allow	O
electronic	O
focus	O
confirmation	O
,	O
full	O
metering	O
compatibility	O
,	O
and	O
electronic	O
aperture	O
control	O
with	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
SLR	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
which	O
require	O
CPU	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZK	O
lenses	O
fit	O
the	O
Pentax	B-Algorithm
K-mount	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZS	O
lenses	O
fit	O
the	O
M42	B-Algorithm
lens	I-Algorithm
mount	I-Algorithm
(	O
Pentacon/Practica/Pentax	O
screw	O
mount	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
use	O
of	O
mount	O
adapters	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
adapted	O
to	O
most	O
35mm	O
bayonet	O
camera	O
mounts	O
including	O
Canon	O
FD	O
and	O
EF	O
,	O
Pentax	O
K	O
,	O
Minolta	O
SR	O
and	O
Sony/Konica	O
Minolta/Minolta	O
A	O
mounts	O
(	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
Nikon	B-Architecture
F	I-Architecture
mount	I-Architecture
)	O
,	O
usually	O
losing	O
open-aperture-metering	O
,	O
multi-segment	O
metering	O
,	O
focus	O
confirmation	O
,	O
automatic	O
flash	O
zoom	O
capabilities	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
some	O
built-in	O
shake	O
reduction	O
performance	O
and	O
Exif	O
data	O
accuracy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
produces	O
manual	O
focus	O
Otus	O
lenses	O
for	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Architecture
F-mount	I-Architecture
and	O
Canon	B-Application
EF	I-Application
mount	I-Application
,	O
with	O
electronic	O
features	O
equivalent	O
to	O
Zeiss	O
ZF.2	O
and	O
ZE	O
lenses	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
produces	O
autofocus	O
Batis	O
lenses	O
for	O
the	O
Sony	B-Algorithm
E-mount	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
produces	O
manual	O
focus	O
Loxia	O
lenses	O
for	O
the	O
Sony	B-Algorithm
E-mount	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
produces	O
autofocus	O
Touit	O
lenses	O
for	O
the	O
Fujifilm	B-Algorithm
X-mount	I-Algorithm
and	O
Sony	B-Algorithm
E-mount	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
cover	O
the	O
APS-C	B-Algorithm
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
produces	O
manual	O
focus	O
Milvus	O
lenses	O
for	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Architecture
F-mount	I-Architecture
(	O
ZF.2	O
)	O
and	O
Canon	B-Application
EF	I-Application
lens	I-Application
mount	I-Application
(	O
ZE	O
)	O
,	O
covering	O
the	O
35mm	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Available	O
mounts	O
:	O
Canon	B-Application
EF	I-Application
,	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
F	O
,	O
Sony	O
Alpha/Konica	O
Minolta/Minolta	O
A	O
mount	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
worked	O
with	O
Nokia	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
with	O
Microsoft	O
Mobile	O
as	O
they	O
continued	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
Lumia	B-Device
series	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nokia	B-Language
808	I-Language
PureView	I-Language
features	O
a	O
lens	O
custom-developed	O
by	O
Zeiss	O
for	O
its	O
1/1.2	O
inch	O
sensor	O
;	O
as	O
did	O
its	O
successor	O
,	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Device
Lumia	I-Device
1020	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nokia	B-Language
N90	I-Language
and	O
Nokia	B-Language
N8	I-Language
also	O
used	O
Zeiss	O
optics	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
Zeiss	O
again	O
provided	O
optics	B-Algorithm
for	O
Nokia	O
products	O
through	O
a	O
collaboration	O
with	O
HMD	O
Global	O
,	O
beginning	O
with	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Application
8	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
E-mount	O
ZA-lenses	O
are	O
fully	O
dedicated	O
Sony	B-Algorithm
E-mount	I-Algorithm
autofocus	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lenses	O
carrying	O
the	O
E	O
designation	O
cover	O
the	O
APS-C	B-Algorithm
format	O
,	O
while	O
lenses	O
designated	O
FE	O
cover	O
35mm	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
these	O
Sony	O
collaboration	O
lenses	O
,	O
Zeiss	O
offers	O
Touit	O
(	O
APS-C	B-Algorithm
format	O
)	O
,	O
Loxia	O
(	O
35mm	O
format	O
)	O
and	O
Batis	O
(	O
35mm	O
format	O
)	O
lenses	O
for	O
E-mount	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
offers	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
products	O
related	O
to	O
optics	B-Algorithm
and	O
vision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
largest	O
part	O
of	O
Carl	O
Zeiss	O
AG	O
's	O
revenue	O
is	O
generated	O
by	O
its	O
Semiconductor	B-Architecture
Manufacturing	I-Architecture
Technologies	O
division	O
,	O
which	O
produces	O
lithographic	O
systems	O
for	O
the	O
semiconductor	O
industry	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
process	O
control	O
solutions	O
(	O
electron	O
microscopes	O
,	O
mask	O
repair	O
tools	O
,	O
helium	O
ion	O
microscopes	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Carl	O
Zeiss	O
Sports	O
Optics	B-Algorithm
division	O
produces	O
rifle	O
telescopic	O
sights	O
,	O
spotting	O
scopes	O
,	O
binoculars	O
,	O
and	O
distance	O
measuring	O
devices	O
for	O
outdoors	O
enthusiasts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2019	O
the	O
following	O
Zeiss	O
sport	O
optics	B-Algorithm
products	O
series	O
are	O
in	O
production	O
:	O
</s>
