<s>
The	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
(	O
or	O
Z-curve	B-Algorithm
)	O
method	O
is	O
a	O
bioinformatics	O
algorithm	O
for	O
genome	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Z-curve	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
three-dimensional	O
curve	O
that	O
constitutes	O
a	O
unique	O
representation	O
of	O
a	O
DNA	O
sequence	O
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
Z-curve	B-Algorithm
and	O
the	O
given	O
DNA	O
sequence	O
each	O
can	O
be	O
uniquely	B-Algorithm
reconstructed	I-Algorithm
from	I-Algorithm
the	I-Algorithm
other	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
resulting	O
curve	O
has	O
a	O
zigzag	O
shape	O
,	O
hence	O
the	O
name	O
Z-curve	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Z	B-Algorithm
Curve	I-Algorithm
method	O
was	O
first	O
created	O
in	O
1994	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
visually	O
map	O
a	O
DNA	O
or	O
RNA	O
sequence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Different	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
,	O
such	O
as	O
its	O
symmetry	O
and	O
periodicity	O
can	O
give	O
unique	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
DNA	O
sequence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
is	O
generated	O
from	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
nodes	O
,	O
P0	O
,	O
P1	O
,...	O
PN	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
coordinates	O
xn	O
,	O
yn	O
,	O
and	O
zn	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
0	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
...	O
N	O
,	O
with	O
N	O
being	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
the	O
DNA	O
sequence	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
is	O
created	O
by	O
connecting	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
nodes	O
sequentially	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Information	O
on	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
nucleotides	O
in	O
a	O
DNA	O
sequence	O
can	O
be	O
determined	O
from	O
the	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
x	O
,	O
y	O
,	O
and	O
z	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
display	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
each	O
of	O
these	O
categories	O
of	O
bases	O
for	O
the	O
DNA	O
sequence	O
being	O
studied	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Z-curve	B-Algorithm
method	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
different	O
areas	O
of	O
genome	O
research	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
replication	O
origin	O
identification	O
,,	O
ab	O
initio	O
gene	O
prediction	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
has	O
also	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
predict	O
if	O
a	O
gene	O
contains	O
introns	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Experiments	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
replication	O
origin	O
in	O
various	O
organisms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
study	O
analyzed	O
the	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
for	O
multiple	O
species	O
of	O
Archaea	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
oriC	O
is	O
located	O
at	O
a	O
sharp	O
peak	O
on	O
the	O
curve	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
broad	O
base	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
and	O
other	O
similar	O
studies	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
program	O
that	O
could	O
predict	O
the	O
origins	O
of	O
replication	O
using	O
the	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
has	O
also	O
been	O
experimentally	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
phylogenetic	O
relationships	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
one	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
in	O
China	O
was	O
analyzed	O
using	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
and	O
the	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
method	O
to	O
determine	O
its	O
phylogenetic	O
relationship	O
to	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
determined	O
that	O
similarities	O
and	O
differences	O
in	O
related	O
species	O
can	O
quickly	O
by	O
determined	O
by	O
visually	O
examining	O
their	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curves	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
algorithm	O
was	O
created	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
geometric	O
center	O
and	O
other	O
trends	O
in	O
the	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
of	O
24	O
species	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
method	O
proved	O
superior	O
because	O
while	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
creates	O
a	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
based	O
solely	O
on	O
coding	O
sequences	O
in	O
the	O
genome	O
,	O
the	O
Z	B-Algorithm
curve	I-Algorithm
method	O
analyzed	O
the	O
entire	O
genome	O
.	O
</s>
