<s>
ZPL	B-Language
(	O
short	O
for	O
Z-level	O
Programming	O
Language	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
array	B-Application
programming	I-Application
language	I-Application
designed	O
to	O
replace	O
C	B-Language
and	O
C++	O
programming	O
languages	O
in	O
engineering	O
and	O
scientific	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
its	O
design	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
obtain	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
high	O
performance	O
,	O
ZPL	B-Language
programs	O
run	O
fast	O
on	O
both	O
sequential	O
and	O
parallel	B-Operating_System
computers	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Highly-parallel	O
ZPL	B-Language
programs	O
are	O
simple	O
and	O
easy	O
to	O
write	O
because	O
it	O
exclusively	O
uses	O
implicit	B-Operating_System
parallelism	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
called	O
Orca	O
C	B-Language
,	O
ZPL	B-Language
was	O
designed	O
and	O
implemented	O
during	O
1993	O
–	O
1995	O
by	O
the	O
Orca	O
Project	O
of	O
the	O
Computer	O
Science	O
and	O
Engineering	O
Department	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Washington	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZPL	B-Language
uses	O
the	O
array	B-Application
abstraction	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
data	B-Operating_System
parallel	I-Operating_System
programming	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
reason	O
why	O
ZPL	B-Language
achieves	O
such	O
good	O
performance	O
:	O
having	O
no	O
parallel	O
directives	O
or	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
explicit	O
parallelism	B-Operating_System
,	O
ZPL	B-Language
exploits	O
the	O
operational	O
trait	O
that	O
when	O
aggregate	O
computations	O
are	O
described	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
arrays	O
,	O
many	O
scalar	O
operations	O
must	O
be	O
(	O
implicitly	O
)	O
performed	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
array	B-Application
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
implied	O
computation	O
can	O
be	O
automatically	O
allotted	O
to	O
different	O
processors	O
to	O
achieve	O
concurrency	O
:	O
Parallelism	B-Operating_System
arises	O
from	O
the	O
semantics	O
of	O
the	O
array	B-Application
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZPL	B-Language
is	O
translated	O
into	O
a	O
conventional	O
abstract	B-Data_Structure
syntax	I-Data_Structure
tree	I-Data_Structure
representation	I-Data_Structure
on	O
which	O
program	O
analysis	O
and	O
program	O
optimizations	O
are	O
performed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANSI	O
C	B-Language
code	O
is	O
generated	O
as	O
the	O
object	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
C	B-Language
program	I-Language
(	O
which	O
is	O
machine	B-Operating_System
independent	I-Operating_System
because	O
it	O
implements	O
certain	O
operations	O
in	O
abstract	O
form	O
)	O
is	O
then	O
compiled	O
using	O
the	O
native	O
C	B-Language
compiler	O
on	O
the	O
target	O
machine	O
with	O
custom	O
libraries	O
optimized	O
to	O
the	O
specific	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
creators	O
of	O
ZPL	B-Language
were	O
:	O
Brad	O
Chamberlain	O
,	O
Sung-Eun	O
Choi	O
,	O
E	O
Christopher	O
Lewis	O
,	O
Calvin	O
Lin	O
,	O
Jason	O
Secosky	O
,	O
Larry	O
Snyder	O
,	O
and	O
W	O
.	O
Derrick	O
Weathersby	O
with	O
assistance	O
from	O
Ruth	O
Anderson	O
,	O
A.J.	O
</s>
<s>
ZPL	B-Language
's	O
status	O
as	O
an	O
active	O
project	O
is	O
in	O
question	O
;	O
the	O
latest	O
"	O
What	O
's	O
new	O
"	O
item	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
page	O
of	O
the	O
official	O
website	O
is	O
dated	O
9	O
January	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
