<s>
Z88	O
is	O
a	O
software	O
package	O
for	O
the	O
finite	B-Application
element	I-Application
method	I-Application
(	O
FEM	O
)	O
and	O
topology	O
optimization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
software	O
package	O
contains	O
several	O
solvers	O
and	O
two	O
post-processors	O
and	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
and	O
Unix/Linux	O
computers	O
in	O
32-bit	O
and	O
64-bit	B-Device
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
written	O
in	O
FORTRAN77	O
,	O
the	O
program	O
was	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
programming	O
language	O
C	B-Language
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
programs	O
for	O
finite	B-Application
element	I-Application
analysis	I-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
Z88OS	O
(	O
current	O
version	O
15.0	O
)	O
is	O
available	O
as	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
including	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Z88Aurora	O
(	O
current	O
version	O
5.0	O
)	O
originally	O
described	O
the	O
user	O
interface	O
of	O
the	O
Z88	O
finite	B-Application
element	I-Application
analysis	I-Application
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Z88Aurora	O
is	O
freeware	B-License
,	O
however	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
is	O
not	O
publicly	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Z88Tina	O
is	O
a	O
freeware	B-License
FEA	O
program	O
for	O
Android	O
smartphones	O
and	O
tablets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Regardless	O
of	O
what	O
module	O
was	O
selected	O
the	O
finite	B-Application
element	I-Application
analysis	I-Application
using	O
Z88Aurora	O
can	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
areas	O
:	O
pre-processor	O
,	O
solver	O
(	O
processor	O
)	O
and	O
post-processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Geometries	O
can	O
be	O
imported	O
from	O
STEP	O
files	O
( *	O
.STP	O
)	O
,	O
STL	O
files	O
in	O
ASCII	O
or	O
binary	O
format	O
( *	O
.STL	O
)	O
or	O
Autocad	O
files	O
( *	O
.DXF	O
)	O
,	O
while	O
FE	O
structure	O
data	O
can	O
be	O
imported	O
from	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
files	O
( *	O
.NAS	O
)	O
,	O
ABAQUS	O
files	O
( *	O
.INP	O
)	O
,	O
ANSYS	O
files	O
( *	O
.ANS	O
)	O
or	O
COSMOS	O
files	O
( *	O
.COS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Four	O
numerical	O
solvers	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
linear	O
finite	B-Application
element	I-Application
analysis	I-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
software	O
comes	O
with	O
a	O
Windows	B-Application
user	O
interface	O
with	O
context-sensitive	O
online	O
help	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Freeware	B-License
is	O
available	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
textbook	O
is	O
designed	O
for	O
entry-level	O
users	O
of	O
finite	B-Application
element	I-Application
analysis	I-Application
and	O
useas	O
Z88	O
to	O
let	O
the	O
user	O
follow	O
the	O
examples	O
shown	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
on	O
his	O
own	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
book	O
Maschinenelemente	O
-	O
Funktion	O
,	O
Gestaltung	O
und	O
Berechnung	O
by	O
Decker	O
(	O
19th	O
edition	O
)	O
uses	O
practical	O
applications	O
with	O
Z88	O
to	O
teach	O
the	O
calculation	O
of	O
machine	O
elements	O
with	O
finite	B-Application
element	I-Application
analysis	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
availability	O
of	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
and	O
thus	O
the	O
transparency	O
of	O
applied	O
algorithms	O
and	O
material	O
models	O
make	O
Z88	O
ideal	O
as	O
a	O
reference	O
software	O
for	O
commercial	O
tools	O
such	O
as	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
and	O
ABAQUS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Frank	O
Rieg	O
,	O
Reinhard	O
Hackenschmidt	O
,	O
Bettina	O
Alber-Laukant	O
:	O
Finite	B-Application
Element	I-Application
Analysis	I-Application
for	O
Engineers	O
:	O
Basics	O
and	O
Practical	O
Applications	O
with	O
Z88Aurora	O
.	O
</s>
