<s>
Yellowstone	B-Device
was	O
the	O
inaugural	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
at	O
the	O
NCAR-Wyoming	O
Supercomputing	B-Architecture
Center	O
(	O
NWSC	O
)	O
in	O
Cheyenne	B-Device
,	O
Wyoming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Yellowstone	B-Device
supercomputing	B-Architecture
cluster	O
was	O
decommissioned	O
on	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
being	O
replaced	O
by	O
its	O
successor	O
Cheyenne	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yellowstone	B-Device
was	O
a	O
highly	O
capable	O
petascale	B-General_Concept
system	O
designed	O
for	O
conducting	O
breakthrough	O
scientific	O
research	O
in	O
the	O
interdisciplinary	O
field	O
of	O
Earth	O
system	O
science	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Funded	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Science	O
Foundation	O
and	O
the	O
State	O
and	O
University	O
of	O
Wyoming	O
,	O
and	O
operated	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Center	O
for	O
Atmospheric	O
Research	O
,	O
Yellowstone	B-Device
's	O
purpose	O
was	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
predictive	O
power	O
of	O
Earth	O
system	O
science	O
simulation	O
to	O
benefit	O
decision-making	O
and	O
planning	O
for	O
society	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yellowstone	B-Device
was	O
a	O
1.5-petaflops	O
IBM	O
iDataPlex	B-Device
cluster	O
computer	O
with	O
4,536	O
dual-socket	O
compute	O
nodes	B-Operating_System
that	O
contained	O
9	O
,	O
072	O
,	O
2.6-GHz	O
Intel	O
Xeon	O
E5-2670	O
8-core	O
processors	O
(	O
72,576	O
cores	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
aggregate	O
memory	O
size	O
was	O
145	O
terabytes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
nodes	B-Operating_System
interconnected	O
in	O
a	O
full	O
fat	B-Protocol
tree	I-Protocol
network	I-Protocol
via	O
a	O
Mellanox	O
FDR	O
InfiniBand	B-Architecture
switching	O
fabric	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
software	O
includes	O
the	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Enterprise	O
Linux	O
operating	O
system	O
for	O
Scientific	O
Computing	O
,	O
LSF	B-Operating_System
Batch	O
Subsystem	O
and	O
Resource	O
Manager	O
,	O
and	O
IBM	B-Application
General	I-Application
Parallel	I-Application
File	I-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
GPFS	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yellowstone	B-Device
was	O
integrated	O
with	O
many	O
other	O
high-performance	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
resources	O
in	O
the	O
NWSC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
central	O
feature	O
of	O
this	O
supercomputing	B-Architecture
architecture	O
was	O
its	O
shared	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
that	O
streamlined	O
science	O
workflows	B-Operating_System
by	O
providing	O
computation	O
,	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
visualization	B-Application
work	O
spaces	O
common	O
to	O
all	O
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
common	O
data	O
storage	O
pool	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
GLobally	O
Accessible	O
Data	O
Environment	O
(	O
GLADE	O
)	O
,	O
provides	O
36.4	O
petabytes	O
of	O
online	O
disk	O
capacity	O
shared	O
by	O
the	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
,	O
two	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
and	O
visualization	B-Application
(	O
DAV	O
)	O
cluster	O
computers	O
(	O
Geyser	O
and	O
Caldera	O
)	O
,	O
data	O
servers	O
for	O
both	O
local	O
and	O
remote	O
users	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
data	O
archive	O
with	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
store	O
320	O
petabytes	O
of	O
research	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High-speed	O
networks	B-Architecture
connect	O
this	O
Yellowstone	B-Device
environment	O
to	O
science	O
gateways	O
,	O
data	O
transfer	O
services	O
,	O
remote	O
visualization	B-Application
resources	O
,	O
Extreme	O
Science	O
and	O
Engineering	O
Discovery	O
Environment	O
(	O
XSEDE	O
)	O
sites	O
,	O
and	O
partner	O
sites	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
integration	O
of	O
computing	O
resources	O
,	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
data	O
storage	O
,	O
and	O
broadband	O
networks	B-Architecture
allowed	O
scientists	O
to	O
simulate	O
future	O
geophysical	O
scenarios	O
at	O
high	O
resolution	O
,	O
then	O
analyze	O
and	O
visualize	O
them	O
on	O
one	O
computing	O
complex	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Yellowstone	B-Device
environment	O
at	O
NWSC	O
makes	O
more	O
than	O
600	O
million	O
processor-hours	O
available	O
each	O
year	O
to	O
researchers	O
in	O
the	O
Earth	O
system	O
sciences	O
.	O
</s>
