<s>
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
platform	I-Architecture
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Russian	O
internet	O
company	O
Yandex	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
provides	O
private	O
and	O
corporate	O
users	O
with	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
computing	O
resources	O
in	O
an	O
‘	O
as	O
a	O
service’	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yandex	O
's	O
plans	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
public	O
cloud	O
market	O
have	O
been	O
known	O
since	O
2016	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
first	O
news	O
about	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
service	O
appeared	O
in	O
2017	O
when	O
Yan	O
Leshchinsky	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
previously	O
worked	O
on	O
cloud	O
platforms	O
at	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
Salesforce	B-Application
and	O
AWS	B-Application
,	O
joined	O
the	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Closed	O
testing	O
of	O
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
began	O
in	O
April	O
2018	O
with	O
the	O
participation	O
of	O
over	O
50	O
large	O
Russian	O
and	O
international	O
companies	O
,	O
including	O
Tinkoff	O
Bank	O
,	O
X5	O
Retail	O
Group	O
,	O
S7	O
and	O
Skyeng	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
base	O
and	O
revenue	O
of	O
the	O
platform	O
grew	O
consistently	O
,	O
so	O
in	O
October	O
2020	O
,	O
Yandex	O
moved	O
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
from	O
an	O
experimental	O
direction	O
to	O
an	O
independent	O
business	O
unit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
platform	O
uses	O
the	O
same	O
infrastructure	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
Yandex	O
services	O
and	O
is	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
components	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
internal	O
tools	O
,	O
originally	O
developed	O
for	O
in-company	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
is	O
also	O
used	O
:	O
KVM	B-Application
for	O
the	O
hypervisor	B-Operating_System
,	O
Tungsten	O
Fabric	O
(	O
OpenContrail	O
)	O
for	O
software-defined	O
networking	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
first	O
Russian	O
partner	O
of	O
Nvidia	O
GPU	O
Cloud	O
(	O
NGC	O
)	O
,	O
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
provides	O
access	O
to	O
specialized	O
applications	O
which	O
are	O
optimized	O
for	O
Nvidia	O
GPUs[6]	O
for	O
working	O
with	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
,	O
machine	O
learning	O
,	O
neural	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
and	O
high-performance	O
computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
includes	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
data	O
management	O
services	O
,	O
tools	O
for	O
developing	O
cloud	B-Architecture
applications	I-Architecture
and	O
machine	O
learning	O
models	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
proprietary	O
ML-based	O
services	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
MS	O
for	O
Apache	B-Language
Kafka	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
complies	O
with	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
ISO/IEC	O
information	O
security	O
standard	O
27001:2013	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
cloud	B-Architecture
platform	I-Architecture
in	O
Russia	O
and	O
the	O
CIS	O
countries	O
to	O
be	O
certified	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
information	O
security	O
standard	O
ISO/IEC	O
27017:2015	O
and	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
the	O
protection	O
of	O
personal	O
data	O
ISO/IEC	O
27018:2019	O
,	O
which	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
specifics	O
of	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
's	O
hardware	O
base	O
is	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
as	O
Yandex	O
's	O
other	O
services	O
,	O
but	O
physically	O
separated	O
by	O
hardware	O
firewalls	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inside	O
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
HIPS	O
is	O
used	O
,	O
and	O
ACL	O
access	O
control	O
is	O
applied	O
at	O
the	O
top-of-rack	O
switch	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
virtual	O
machines	O
,	O
the	O
QEMU/KVM	O
assembly	O
is	O
used	O
with	O
a	O
minimum	O
set	O
of	O
code	O
and	O
libraries	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
processes	O
are	O
launched	O
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
AppArmor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
is	O
also	O
the	O
first	O
public	O
cloud	O
in	O
Russia	O
that	O
has	O
confirmed	O
compliance	O
with	O
the	O
PCI	O
DSS	O
standard	O
for	O
all	O
categories	O
of	O
services	O
:	O
IaaS	O
,	O
SaaS	O
,	O
PaaS	O
and	O
serverless	O
computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yan	O
Leshchinsky	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
head	O
of	O
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2020	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
Alexey	O
Bashkeev	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
previously	O
led	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
cloud	O
infrastructure	O
for	O
Yandex	O
's	O
own	O
services	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
that	O
later	O
became	O
components	O
of	O
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
2021	O
,	O
Yandex	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
was	O
serving	O
9700	O
commercial	O
customers	O
(	O
a	O
1.4X	O
increase	O
)	O
,	O
including	O
270	O
large	O
companies	O
,	O
providing	O
about	O
half	O
of	O
its	O
1	O
billion	O
RUB	O
revenue	O
.	O
</s>
