<s>
Yandex	O
LLC	O
(	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
Russian	O
multinational	O
technology	O
company	O
providing	O
Internet-related	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
,	O
including	O
an	O
Internet	B-Application
search	I-Application
engine	I-Application
,	O
information	O
services	O
,	O
e-commerce	O
,	O
transportation	O
,	O
maps	O
and	O
navigation	O
,	O
mobile	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
and	O
online	O
advertising	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
firm	O
is	O
the	O
largest	O
technology	O
company	O
in	O
Russia	O
and	O
the	O
second	O
largest	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
in	O
Russian	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
market	O
share	O
of	O
over	O
42%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
And	O
second	O
largest	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
in	O
Belarus	O
,	O
Tajikistan	O
,	O
Uzbekistan	O
,	O
Turkey	O
,	O
Kazakhstan	O
,	O
Ukraine	O
&	O
Armenia	O
with	O
a	O
market	O
share	O
of	O
over	O
21.5	O
%	O
,	O
15%	O
,	O
15.5	O
%	O
,	O
17.15	O
%	O
,	O
12.5	O
%	O
,	O
8.4	O
%	O
&	O
5.8	O
%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
has	O
the	O
largest	O
market	O
share	O
of	O
any	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
from	O
Europe	O
and	O
the	O
Commonwealth	O
of	O
Independent	O
States	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
5th	O
largest	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
worldwide	O
after	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
Bing	B-Application
,	O
Yahoo	O
!,	O
and	O
Baidu	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
main	O
competitors	O
on	O
the	O
Russian	O
market	O
are	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
VK	O
,	O
and	O
Rambler	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
's	O
Shanghai	B-Device
office	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
2015	O
to	O
facilitate	O
work	O
with	O
Chinese	O
companies	O
operating	O
on	O
the	O
Russian	O
language	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Yandex.ru	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
was	O
launched	O
on	O
September	O
23	O
,	O
1997	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
presented	O
at	O
the	O
Softool	O
exhibition	O
in	O
Moscow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
the	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Comptek	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1998	O
,	O
Yandex	O
launched	O
contextual	O
advertisement	O
on	O
its	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
Yandex	O
introduced	O
a	O
customized	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
for	O
Ukrainian	O
users	O
;	O
Yandex	O
also	O
opened	O
its	O
development	O
center	O
in	O
Kyiv	O
in	O
May	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Yandex	O
launched	O
its	O
"	O
Poltava	O
"	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
algorithm	O
for	O
Ukrainian	O
users	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
its	O
MatrixNet	B-Application
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2009	O
,	O
Mozilla	B-Language
Firefox	I-Language
3.5	I-Language
,	O
replaced	O
Google	B-Application
with	O
Yandex	O
as	O
the	O
default	O
search	O
provider	O
for	O
Russian-language	O
builds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
had	O
introduced	O
a	O
player	O
of	O
free	O
legal	O
music	O
in	O
its	O
search	B-Application
results	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2010	O
,	O
Yandex	O
launched	O
Yandex	B-Application
Music	I-Application
,	O
a	O
music	O
streaming	O
service	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
catalogue	O
of	O
800,000	O
tracks	O
from	O
58,000	O
performers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
19	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
it	O
launched	O
an	O
English-only	O
web	B-Application
search	I-Application
engine	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
added	O
an	O
English	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
to	O
its	O
translation	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
10	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
introduced	O
its	O
intelligent	B-Protocol
personal	I-Protocol
assistant	I-Protocol
,	O
Alisa	B-Operating_System
(	O
Alice	B-Operating_System
)	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
was	O
acquired	O
by	O
Facebook	B-Application
in	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2011	O
,	O
it	O
launched	O
a	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
and	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
other	O
services	O
in	O
Turkey	O
,	O
opening	O
an	O
office	O
in	O
Istanbul	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
acquired	O
KinoPoisk	O
,	O
the	O
biggest	O
Russian	O
movie	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2015	O
,	O
it	O
acquired	O
Internet	B-Application
security	I-Application
company	O
Agnitum	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
7	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
Uber	B-Application
and	O
Yandex	O
NV	O
merged	O
their	O
businesses	O
in	O
Russia	O
,	O
Kazakhstan	O
,	O
Azerbaijan	O
,	O
Armenia	O
,	O
Belarus	O
and	O
Georgia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uber	B-Application
invested	O
$225	O
million	O
and	O
owns	O
36.6	O
%	O
stake	O
in	O
the	O
venture	O
while	O
Yandex	O
invested	O
$100	O
million	O
and	O
owns	O
a	O
59.3	O
%	O
stake	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
24	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
it	O
raised	O
$1.3	O
billion	O
in	O
an	O
initial	O
public	O
offering	O
on	O
NASDAQ	O
,	O
the	O
biggest	O
initial	O
public	O
offering	O
for	O
a	O
dot-com	O
company	O
since	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
offering	O
in	O
2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yandex.Games	B-Application
is	O
Internet	O
gaming	O
platform	O
made	O
by	O
Yandex	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
both	O
browser	O
and	O
mobile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandatory	O
requirements	O
include	O
integration	O
with	O
the	O
Yandex.Games	B-Application
SDK	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
HTTPS	B-Protocol
and	O
offline	O
Service	O
Worker	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Edwards	O
and	O
four	O
expert	O
researchers	O
,	O
including	O
Cher	O
Scarlett	O
,	O
a	O
former	O
Apple	O
security	O
engineer	O
,	O
found	O
that	O
a	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kit	I-Application
(	O
SDK	O
)	O
called	O
AppMetrica	O
,	O
a	O
product	O
of	O
Yandex	O
,	O
was	O
harvesting	O
data	O
from	O
more	O
than	O
52,000	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
device	B-Protocol
fingerprint	I-Protocol
and	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
and	O
storing	O
it	O
in	O
Russia	O
on	O
Yandex	O
's	O
servers	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
said	O
due	O
to	O
Russian	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
SDKs	O
,	O
could	O
be	O
accessed	O
by	O
Russian	O
authorities	O
without	O
their	O
knowledge	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
