<s>
The	O
Xputer	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
design	O
for	O
a	O
reconfigurable	B-Architecture
computer	I-Architecture
,	O
proposed	O
by	O
computer	O
scientist	O
Reiner	O
Hartenstein	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hartenstein	O
uses	O
various	O
terms	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
various	O
innovations	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
,	O
including	O
config-ware	O
,	O
flow-ware	O
,	O
morph-ware	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
anti-machine	B-General_Concept
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Xputer	B-General_Concept
represents	O
a	O
move	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
traditional	O
Von	B-Architecture
Neumann	I-Architecture
computer	I-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
,	O
to	O
a	O
coarse-grained	O
"	O
soft	O
Arithmetic	B-General_Concept
logic	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
(	O
ALU	O
)	O
"	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parallelism	B-Operating_System
is	O
achieved	O
by	O
configurable	O
elements	O
known	O
as	O
reconfigurable	O
datapath	O
arrays	O
(	O
rDPA	O
)	O
,	O
organized	O
in	O
a	O
two-dimensional	O
array	O
of	O
ALU	O
's	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
KressArray	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Xputer	B-General_Concept
architecture	O
is	O
data-stream-based	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
counterpart	O
of	O
the	O
instruction-based	O
von	B-Architecture
Neumann	I-Architecture
computer	I-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Xputer	B-General_Concept
architecture	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
coarse-grained	O
reconfigurable	O
architectures	O
,	O
and	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
reconfigurable	O
datapath	O
array	O
(	O
rDPA	O
)	O
organized	O
as	O
a	O
two-dimensional	O
array	O
of	O
ALUs	O
(	O
rDPU	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
bus-width	O
between	O
ALU	O
's	O
were	O
32-bit	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Xputer	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ALUs	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
rDPUs	B-Architecture
)	O
are	O
used	O
for	O
computing	O
a	O
single	O
mathematical	O
operation	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
addition	O
,	O
subtraction	O
or	O
multiplication	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
purely	O
for	O
routing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programs	O
for	O
the	O
Xputer	B-General_Concept
are	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
C	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
and	O
compiled	O
for	O
usage	O
on	O
the	O
Xputer	B-General_Concept
using	O
the	O
CoDeX	O
compiler	O
written	O
by	O
the	O
author	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CoDeX	O
compiler	O
maps	O
suitable	O
portions	O
of	O
the	O
C	B-Language
program	I-Language
onto	O
the	O
Xputer	B-General_Concept
's	O
rDPA	O
fabric	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
remainder	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
is	O
executed	O
on	O
the	O
host	O
system	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
reconfigurable	O
datapath	O
array	O
(	O
rDPA	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
semiconductor	O
device	O
containing	O
reconfigurable	B-Architecture
data	I-Architecture
path	I-Architecture
units	I-Architecture
and	O
programmable	O
interconnects	O
,	O
first	O
proposed	O
by	O
Rainer	O
Kress	O
in	O
1993	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Kaiserslautern	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
FPGAs	B-Architecture
(	O
field-programmable	B-Architecture
gate	I-Architecture
arrays	I-Architecture
)	O
having	O
single	O
bit	O
configurable	O
logic	O
blocks	O
(	O
CLBs	O
)	O
,	O
rDPAs	O
have	O
multiple	O
bits	O
wide	O
(	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
32	O
bit	O
path	O
width	O
)	O
reconfigurable	O
datapath	O
units	O
(	O
rDPUs	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
rDPU	B-Architecture
can	O
be	O
configured	O
to	O
perform	O
an	O
individual	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
rDPUs	B-Architecture
and	O
interconnects	O
can	O
be	O
programmed	O
after	O
the	O
manufacturing	O
process	O
by	O
the	O
customer/designer	O
(	O
hence	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
reconfigurable	O
"	O
)	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
rDPA	O
can	O
perform	O
whatever	O
complex	O
computation	O
is	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
rDPUs	B-Architecture
are	O
multiple	O
bits	O
wide	O
(	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
32	O
bits	O
)	O
,	O
we	O
talk	O
about	O
coarse-grained	O
reconfigurability	O
-	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
FPGAs	B-Architecture
with	O
single-bit	O
wide	O
configurable	O
logic	O
blocks	O
,	O
called	O
fine-gained	O
reconfigurable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
rDPAs	O
are	O
not	O
instruction-stream-driven	O
and	O
have	O
no	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
fetch	O
at	O
run	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
rDPUs	B-Architecture
do	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
program	O
counter	O
.	O
</s>
