<s>
The	O
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
designation	O
for	O
a	O
band	O
of	O
frequencies	O
in	O
the	O
microwave	O
radio	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
electromagnetic	O
spectrum	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
communication	O
engineering	O
,	O
the	O
frequency	O
range	O
of	O
the	O
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
is	O
rather	O
indefinitely	O
set	O
at	O
approximately	O
7.0	O
–	O
11.2GHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
radar	B-Application
engineering	O
,	O
the	O
frequency	O
range	O
is	O
specified	O
by	O
the	O
Institute	O
of	O
Electrical	O
and	O
Electronics	O
Engineers	O
(	O
IEEE	O
)	O
as	O
8.0	O
–	O
12.0GHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
is	O
used	O
for	O
radar	B-Application
,	O
satellite	O
communication	O
,	O
and	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
computer	I-General_Concept
networks	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
is	O
used	O
in	O
radar	B-Application
applications	O
including	O
continuous-wave	O
,	O
pulsed	O
,	O
single-polarization	O
,	O
dual-polarization	O
,	O
synthetic	B-Application
aperture	I-Application
radar	I-Application
,	O
and	O
phased	O
arrays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
radar	B-Application
frequency	O
sub-bands	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
civil	O
,	O
military	O
,	O
and	O
government	O
institutions	O
for	O
weather	B-Application
monitoring	I-Application
,	O
air	B-Application
traffic	I-Application
control	I-Application
,	O
maritime	O
vessel	O
traffic	O
control	O
,	O
defense	O
tracking	O
,	O
and	O
vehicle	O
speed	O
detection	O
for	O
law	O
enforcement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
is	O
often	O
used	O
in	O
modern	O
radars	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
shorter	O
wavelengths	O
of	O
the	O
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
allow	O
for	O
higher	O
resolution	O
imagery	O
from	O
high-resolution	B-Algorithm
imaging	B-Algorithm
radars	I-Algorithm
for	O
target	O
identification	O
and	O
discrimination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
10.15	O
to	O
10.7GHz	O
segment	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
terrestrial	O
broadband	B-General_Concept
in	O
many	O
countries	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Brazil	O
,	O
Mexico	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
Denmark	O
,	O
Ukraine	O
,	O
Spain	O
and	O
Ireland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DOCSIS	B-Protocol
(	O
Data	B-Protocol
Over	I-Protocol
Cable	I-Protocol
Service	I-Protocol
Interface	I-Protocol
Specification	I-Protocol
)	O
the	O
standard	O
used	O
for	O
providing	O
cable	B-Device
internet	I-Device
to	O
customers	O
,	O
uses	O
some	O
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
frequencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
way	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
broadband	B-General_Concept
typically	O
use	O
a	O
350MHz	O
TX	O
offset	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Portions	O
of	O
the	O
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
are	O
assigned	O
by	O
the	O
International	O
Telecommunication	O
Union	O
(	O
ITU	O
)	O
exclusively	O
for	O
deep	O
space	O
telecommunications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DSN	O
stations	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
using	O
the	O
older	O
and	O
lower	O
S	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
deep-space	O
radio	O
communications	O
allocations	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
higher	O
frequencies	O
on	O
a	O
more-or-less	O
experimental	O
basis	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
K	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
deep	O
space	O
probe	O
programs	O
that	O
have	O
employed	O
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
communications	O
include	O
the	O
Viking	B-Application
Mars	B-Application
landers	O
;	O
the	O
Voyager	O
missions	O
to	O
Jupiter	O
,	O
Saturn	B-Device
,	O
and	O
beyond	O
;	O
the	O
Galileo	O
Jupiter	O
orbiter	O
;	O
the	O
New	O
Horizons	O
mission	O
to	O
Pluto	O
and	O
the	O
Kuiper	O
belt	O
,	O
the	O
Curiosity	O
rover	O
and	O
the	O
Cassini-Huygens	O
Saturn	B-Device
orbiter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
European	O
double	O
Mars	B-Application
Mission	O
ExoMars	O
will	O
also	O
use	O
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
communication	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
instrument	O
LaRa	O
,	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
internal	O
structure	O
of	O
Mars	B-Application
,	O
and	O
to	O
make	O
precise	O
measurements	O
of	O
the	O
rotation	O
and	O
orientation	O
of	O
Mars	B-Application
by	O
monitoring	O
two-way	O
Doppler	O
frequency	O
shifts	O
between	O
the	O
surface	O
platform	O
and	O
Earth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
important	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
communications	O
came	O
with	O
the	O
two	O
Viking	B-Application
program	O
landers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
planet	O
Mars	B-Application
was	O
passing	O
near	O
or	O
behind	O
the	O
Sun	O
,	O
as	O
seen	O
from	O
the	O
Earth	O
,	O
a	O
Viking	B-Application
lander	O
would	O
transmit	O
two	O
simultaneous	O
continuous-wave	O
carriers	O
,	O
one	O
in	O
the	B-Algorithm
S	I-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
and	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
the	O
Earth	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
were	O
picked	O
up	O
by	O
DSN	O
ground	O
stations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
case	O
pertaining	O
to	O
X	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
military	O
communications	O
satellites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
for	O
fixed-satellite	O
service	O
and	O
mobile-satellite	O
service	O
,	O
the	O
NATO	O
nations	O
negotiated	O
the	O
NATO	B-Algorithm
Joint	I-Algorithm
Civil/Military	I-Algorithm
Frequency	I-Algorithm
Agreement	I-Algorithm
(	O
NJFA	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
bands	O
7900-7975	O
and	O
8025-8400	O
MHz	O
the	O
transportable	O
earth	O
stations	O
must	O
not	O
cause	O
harmful	O
interference	O
to	O
other	O
services.8500	O
MHz-10.5	O
GHz	O
RADIOLOCATION	O
Radiolocation	O
Military	O
requirement	O
for	O
land	O
,	O
airborne	O
and	O
naval	O
radars	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
3-centimeter	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
by	O
amateurs	O
and	O
the	O
X-band	B-Algorithm
by	O
AMSAT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Particle	O
accelerators	O
may	O
be	O
powered	O
by	O
X-band	B-Algorithm
RF	B-Protocol
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
frequencies	O
are	O
then	O
standardized	O
at	O
11.9942GHz	O
(	O
Europe	O
)	O
or	O
11.424GHz	O
(	O
US	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
second	O
harmonic	O
of	O
C-band	O
and	O
fourth	O
harmonic	O
of	O
S-band	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
European	O
X-band	B-Algorithm
frequency	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
Compact	O
Linear	O
Collider	O
(	O
CLIC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
