<s>
XScale	B-Application
is	O
a	O
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
for	O
central	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
units	I-General_Concept
initially	O
designed	O
by	O
Intel	O
implementing	O
the	O
ARM	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
(	O
version	O
5	O
)	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
XScale	B-Application
comprises	O
several	O
distinct	O
families	O
:	O
IXP	O
,	O
IXC	O
,	O
IOP	O
,	O
PXA	O
and	O
CE	O
(	O
see	O
more	O
below	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
later	O
models	O
designed	O
as	O
system-on-a-chip	B-Architecture
(	O
SoC	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Marvell	O
then	O
extended	O
the	O
brand	O
to	O
include	O
processors	O
with	O
other	O
microarchitectures	B-General_Concept
,	O
like	O
ARM	B-Architecture
's	O
Cortex	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XScale	B-Application
architecture	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
ARMv5TE	O
ISA	B-General_Concept
without	O
the	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
instructions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XScale	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
seven-stage	O
integer	O
and	O
an	O
eight-stage	O
memory	O
super-pipelined	O
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
Intel	O
StrongARM	B-Device
line	O
of	O
microprocessors	B-Architecture
and	O
microcontrollers	B-Architecture
,	O
which	O
Intel	O
acquired	O
from	O
DEC	O
's	O
Digital	O
Semiconductor	O
division	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
settlement	O
of	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
used	O
the	O
StrongARM	B-Device
to	O
replace	O
its	O
ailing	O
line	O
of	O
outdated	O
RISC	B-Architecture
processors	I-Architecture
,	O
the	O
i860	B-General_Concept
and	O
i960	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
the	O
generations	O
of	O
XScale	B-Application
are	O
32-bit	O
ARMv5TE	O
processors	O
manufactured	O
with	O
a	O
0.18μm	O
or	O
0.13μm	O
(	O
as	O
in	O
IXP43x	O
parts	O
)	O
process	O
and	O
have	O
a	O
32KB	O
data	B-General_Concept
cache	I-General_Concept
and	O
a	O
32KB	O
instruction	O
cache	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
-	O
and	O
second-generation	O
XScale	B-Application
multi-core	B-Architecture
processors	I-Architecture
also	O
have	O
a	O
2KB	O
mini	O
data	B-General_Concept
cache	I-General_Concept
(	O
claimed	O
it	O
"	O
avoids	O
'	O
thrashing	O
 '	O
of	O
the	O
D-Cache	O
for	O
frequently	O
changing	O
data	O
streams	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Products	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
third-generation	O
XScale	B-Application
have	O
up	O
to	O
512KB	O
unified	O
L2	O
cache	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XScale	B-Application
core	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
families	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Intel	O
and	O
Marvell	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
four	O
generations	O
of	O
XScale	B-Application
application	O
processors	O
,	O
described	O
below	O
:	O
PXA210/PXA25x	O
,	O
PXA26x	O
,	O
PXA27x	O
,	O
and	O
PXA3xx	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Control	B-Protocol
plane	I-Protocol
processors	O
(	O
with	O
the	O
prefix	O
IXC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
standalone	O
processors	O
:	O
the	O
80200	O
and	O
80219	O
(	O
targeted	O
primarily	O
at	O
PCI	B-Protocol
applications	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PXA	O
System	B-Architecture
on	I-Architecture
a	I-Architecture
Chip	I-Architecture
(	O
SoC	B-Architecture
)	O
products	O
were	O
designed	O
in	O
Austin	O
,	O
Texas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
code-names	O
for	O
this	O
product	O
line	O
are	O
small	O
towns	O
in	O
Texas	O
,	O
primarily	O
near	O
deer	O
hunting	O
leases	O
frequented	O
by	O
the	O
Intel	B-Application
XScale	I-Application
core	O
and	O
mobile	O
phone	O
SoC	B-Architecture
marketing	O
team	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PXA210	O
was	O
Intel	O
's	O
entry-level	O
XScale	B-Application
targeted	O
at	O
mobile	O
phone	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
with	O
the	O
PXA250	B-Application
in	O
February	O
2002	O
and	O
comes	O
clocked	O
at	O
133MHz	O
and	O
200MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PXA25x	O
family	O
(	O
code-named	O
Cotulla	O
)	O
consists	O
of	O
the	O
PXA250	B-Application
and	O
PXA255	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PXA250	B-Application
was	O
Intel	O
's	O
first	O
generation	O
of	O
XScale	B-Application
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
revision	O
C0	O
of	O
the	O
PXA250	B-Application
was	O
renamed	O
to	O
PXA255	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
differences	O
were	O
a	O
doubled	O
internal	O
bus	O
speed	O
(	O
100MHz	O
to	O
200MHz	O
)	O
for	O
faster	O
data	O
transfer	O
,	O
lower	O
core	O
voltage	O
(	O
only	O
1.3V	O
at	O
400MHz	O
)	O
for	O
lower	O
power	O
consumption	O
and	O
writeback	O
functionality	O
for	O
the	O
data	B-General_Concept
cache	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
which	O
had	O
severely	O
impaired	O
performance	O
on	O
the	O
PXA250	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Application
XScale	I-Application
Core	O
Features	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PXA260	O
is	O
a	O
stand-alone	O
processor	O
clocked	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
frequency	O
as	O
the	O
PXA25x	O
,	O
but	O
features	O
a	O
TPBGA	O
package	O
which	O
is	O
about	O
53%	O
smaller	O
than	O
the	O
PXA25x	O
's	O
PBGA	B-Algorithm
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PXA261-PXA263	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
PXA260	O
but	O
have	O
Intel	O
StrataFlash	B-Device
memory	O
stacked	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
processor	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
package	O
;	O
16MB	O
of	O
16-bit	O
memory	O
in	O
the	O
PXA261	O
,	O
32MB	O
of	O
16-bit	O
memory	O
in	O
the	O
PXA262	O
and	O
32MB	O
of	O
32-bit	O
memory	O
in	O
the	O
PXA263	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
revision	O
is	O
a	O
huge	O
update	O
to	O
the	O
XScale	B-Application
family	O
of	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PXA271	O
can	O
be	O
clocked	O
to	O
13	O
,	O
104	O
,	O
208MHz	O
or	O
416MHz	O
and	O
has	O
32MB	O
of	O
16-bit	O
stacked	O
StrataFlash	B-Device
memory	O
and	O
32MB	O
of	O
16-bit	O
SDRAM	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PXA272	O
can	O
be	O
clocked	O
to	O
312MHz	O
,	O
416MHz	O
or	O
520MHz	O
and	O
has	O
64MB	O
of	O
32-bit	O
stacked	O
StrataFlash	B-Device
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SpeedStep	B-Device
:	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
can	O
clock	O
the	O
processor	O
down	O
based	O
on	O
load	O
to	O
save	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wireless	O
MMX	B-Architecture
(	O
code-named	O
Concan	O
;	O
"	O
iwMMXt	B-Architecture
"	O
)	O
:	O
43	O
new	O
SIMD	B-Device
instructions	O
containing	O
the	O
full	O
MMX	B-Architecture
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
integer	O
instructions	O
from	O
Intel	O
's	O
SSE	B-General_Concept
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
along	O
with	O
some	O
instructions	O
unique	O
to	O
the	O
XScale	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wireless	O
MMX	B-Architecture
provides	O
16	O
extra	O
64-bit	O
registers	B-General_Concept
that	O
can	O
be	O
treated	O
as	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
two	O
32-bit	O
words	O
,	O
four	O
16-bit	O
halfwords	O
or	O
eight	O
8-bit	O
bytes	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XScale	B-Application
core	O
can	O
then	O
perform	O
up	O
to	O
eight	O
adds	O
or	O
four	O
MACs	O
in	O
parallel	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
cycle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
capability	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
boost	O
speed	O
in	O
decoding	B-General_Concept
and	O
encoding	B-General_Concept
of	O
multimedia	O
and	O
in	O
playing	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
peripherals	B-Device
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
USB-Host	O
interface	O
and	O
a	O
camera	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internal	O
256KB	O
SRAM	B-Architecture
to	O
reduce	O
power	O
consumption	O
and	O
latency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Along	O
with	O
the	O
PXA27x	O
family	O
Intel	O
released	O
the	O
2700G	B-Device
embedded	O
graphics	O
co-processor(code-named Marathon )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
demonstrated	O
it	O
showing	O
its	O
capability	O
to	O
play	O
back	O
high	O
definition	O
encoded	O
video	O
on	O
a	O
PDA	B-Application
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
announced	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
2700G	B-Device
graphics	O
processor	O
,	O
code	O
named	O
Stanwood	O
,	O
has	O
since	O
been	O
canceled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
extra	O
graphics	O
capabilities	O
,	O
Intel	O
recommends	O
third-party	O
chips	O
like	O
the	O
Nvidia	B-Device
GoForce	I-Device
chip	O
family	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Codenamed	O
Manitoba	O
,	O
Intel	O
PXA800F	O
was	O
a	O
SoC	B-Architecture
introduced	O
by	O
Intel	O
in	O
2003	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
GSM	O
-	O
and	O
GPRS-enabled	O
mobile	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
chip	O
was	O
built	O
around	O
an	O
XScale	B-Application
processor	O
core	O
,	O
the	O
likes	O
of	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
PDAs	B-Application
,	O
clocked	O
at	O
312MHz	O
and	O
manufactured	O
with	O
a	O
0.13	O
μm	O
process	O
,	O
with	O
4MB	O
of	O
integrated	O
flash	O
memory	O
and	O
a	O
digital	B-Architecture
signal	I-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
noted	O
it	O
was	O
in	O
talks	O
with	O
leading	O
mobile	O
phone	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Nokia	O
,	O
Motorola	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
,	O
Siemens	O
and	O
Sony	O
Ericsson	O
,	O
about	O
incorporating	O
Manitoba	O
into	O
their	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PXA90x	O
,	O
codenamed	O
Hermon	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
Manitoba	O
with	O
3G	B-Architecture
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SoC	B-Architecture
continued	O
being	O
marketed	O
by	O
Marvell	O
as	O
they	O
acquired	O
Intel	O
's	O
XScale	B-Application
business	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PXA16x	O
is	O
a	O
processor	O
designed	O
by	O
Marvell	O
,	O
combining	O
the	O
earlier	O
Intel	O
designed	O
PXA	O
SoC	B-Architecture
components	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
ARMv5TE	O
CPU	B-Architecture
core	I-Architecture
named	O
Mohawk	O
or	O
PJ1	O
from	O
Marvell	O
's	O
Sheeva	O
family	O
instead	O
of	O
using	O
wdc	O
Xscale	B-Application
or	O
ARM	B-Architecture
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CPU	B-Architecture
core	I-Architecture
is	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
Feroceon	O
core	O
used	O
in	O
Marvell	O
's	O
embedded	O
Kirkwood	O
product	O
line	O
,	O
but	O
extended	O
for	O
instruction	O
level	O
compatibility	O
with	O
the	O
XScale	B-Application
IWMMX	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PXA930	O
and	O
PXA935	O
processor	O
series	O
were	O
again	O
built	O
using	O
the	O
Sheeva	O
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
developed	O
by	O
Marvell	O
but	O
upgraded	O
to	O
ARMv7	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
compatibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
core	O
is	O
a	O
so-called	O
Tri-core	B-Architecture
architecture	O
codenamed	O
Tavor	O
;	O
Tri-core	B-Architecture
means	O
it	O
supports	O
the	O
ARMv5TE	O
,	O
ARMv6	O
and	O
ARMv7	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
sets	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
new	O
architecture	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
leap	O
from	O
the	O
old	O
Xscale	B-Application
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PXA930	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Bold	O
9700	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
PXA940	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
ARM	B-Application
Cortex-A8	I-Application
compliant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
utilized	O
in	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Torch	O
9800	O
and	O
is	O
built	O
using	O
45nm	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
XScale	B-Application
and	O
Sheeva	O
,	O
the	O
PXA98x	O
uses	O
the	O
third	O
CPU	B-Architecture
core	I-Architecture
design	O
,	O
this	O
time	O
licensed	O
directly	O
from	O
ARM	B-Architecture
,	O
in	O
form	O
of	O
dual	B-Architecture
core	I-Architecture
Cortex	B-Application
A9	I-Application
application	O
processors	O
utilized	O
by	O
devices	O
like	O
Samsung	B-Device
Galaxy	I-Device
Tab	I-Device
3	I-Device
7.0	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
quad	B-Architecture
core	I-Architecture
Cortex	B-Application
A7	I-Application
application	O
processor	O
with	O
Vivante	O
GPU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IXC1100	O
processor	O
features	O
clock	O
speeds	O
at	O
266	O
,	O
400	O
,	O
and	O
533MHz	O
,	O
a	O
133MHz	O
bus	O
,	O
32KB	O
of	O
instruction	O
cache	B-General_Concept
,	O
32KB	O
of	O
data	B-General_Concept
cache	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
2KB	O
of	O
mini-data	O
cache	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
chip	O
comes	O
in	O
the	O
35mm	O
PBGA	B-Algorithm
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IOP	O
line	O
of	O
processors	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
allow	O
computers	O
and	O
storage	O
devices	O
to	O
transfer	O
data	O
and	O
increase	O
performance	O
by	O
offloading	O
I/O	O
functionality	O
from	O
the	O
main	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IOP3XX	O
processors	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
XScale	B-Application
architecture	O
and	O
designed	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
older	O
80219	O
sd	O
and	O
i960	B-General_Concept
family	O
of	O
chips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
processors	O
also	O
differ	O
in	O
PCI	B-Protocol
bus	I-Protocol
type	O
,	O
PCI	B-Protocol
bus	I-Protocol
speed	O
,	O
memory	O
type	O
,	O
maximum	O
memory	O
allowable	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
processor	O
cores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XScale	B-Application
core	O
is	O
utilized	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
of	O
Intel	O
's	O
IXP	O
network	O
processor	O
line	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
first	O
generation	O
used	O
StrongARM	B-Device
cores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
IXP4XX	O
devices	O
the	O
XScale	B-Application
core	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
both	O
a	O
control	O
and	O
data	O
plane	O
processor	O
,	O
providing	O
both	O
system	O
control	O
and	O
data	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
task	O
of	O
the	O
XScale	B-Application
in	O
the	O
IXP2XXX	O
devices	O
is	O
typically	O
to	O
provide	O
control	B-Protocol
plane	I-Protocol
functionality	O
only	O
,	O
with	O
data	O
processing	O
performed	O
by	O
the	O
microengines	O
,	O
examples	O
of	O
such	O
control	B-Protocol
plane	I-Protocol
tasks	O
include	O
routing	O
table	O
updates	O
,	O
microengine	O
control	O
,	O
memory	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2007	O
,	O
Intel	O
announced	O
an	O
XScale-based	O
processor	O
targeting	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
markets	O
,	O
the	O
Intel	O
CE	O
2110	O
(	O
codenamed	O
Olo	O
River	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XScale	B-Application
microprocessors	B-Architecture
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
popular	O
RIM	B-Operating_System
BlackBerry	I-Operating_System
handheld	O
,	O
the	O
Dell	B-Operating_System
Axim	I-Operating_System
family	O
of	O
Pocket	B-Device
PCs	I-Device
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
Zire	B-Application
,	O
Treo	O
and	O
Tungsten	B-Application
Handheld	I-Application
lines	O
by	O
Palm	O
,	O
later	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
Sharp	B-Operating_System
Zaurus	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
A780	I-Device
,	O
the	O
Acer	O
n50	O
,	O
the	O
Compaq	B-Application
iPaq	I-Application
3900	O
series	O
and	O
many	O
other	O
PDAs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
Iyonix	B-Device
PC	I-Device
desktop	O
computer	O
running	O
RISC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
the	O
NSLU2	B-Application
(	O
Slug	O
)	O
running	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XScale	B-Application
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
PVPs	O
(	O
Portable	O
Video	O
Players	O
)	O
,	O
PMCs	O
(	O
Portable	O
Media	O
Centres	O
)	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Creative	O
Zen	O
Portable	O
Media	O
Player	O
and	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
Kindle	I-General_Concept
E-Book	O
reader	O
,	O
and	O
industrial	O
embedded	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
other	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
the	O
XScale	B-Application
IOP33x	O
Storage	O
I/O	O
processors	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
some	O
Intel	O
Xeon-based	O
server	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
27	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
Intel	O
's	O
XScale	B-Application
PXA	O
mobile	O
processor	O
assets	O
was	O
announced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
agreed	O
to	O
sell	O
the	O
XScale	B-Application
PXA	O
business	O
to	O
Marvell	O
Technology	O
Group	O
for	O
an	O
estimated	O
$600	O
million	O
in	O
cash	O
and	O
the	O
assumption	O
of	O
unspecified	O
liabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Marvell	O
holds	O
a	O
full	O
architecture	O
license	O
for	O
ARM	B-Architecture
,	O
allowing	O
it	O
to	O
design	O
chips	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
ARM	B-Architecture
instruction	I-Architecture
set	I-Architecture
,	O
not	O
just	O
license	O
a	O
processor	O
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
was	O
expected	O
to	O
continue	O
manufacturing	O
XScale	B-Application
processors	O
until	O
Marvell	O
secures	O
other	O
manufacturing	O
facilities	O
,	O
and	O
would	O
continue	O
manufacturing	O
and	O
selling	O
the	O
IXP	O
and	O
IOP	O
processors	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
deal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XScale	B-Application
effort	O
at	O
Intel	O
was	O
initiated	O
by	O
the	O
purchase	O
of	O
the	O
StrongARM	B-Device
division	O
from	O
Digital	O
Equipment	O
Corporation	O
in	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
still	O
holds	O
an	O
ARM	B-Architecture
license	O
even	O
after	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
XScale	B-Application
;	O
this	O
license	O
is	O
at	O
the	O
architectural	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
