<s>
XPages	B-Application
is	O
an	O
IBM	O
implementation	O
of	O
JavaServer	B-Language
Faces	I-Language
with	O
a	O
server	O
side	O
JavaScript	B-Language
runtime	O
and	O
the	O
built-in	O
NoSQL	O
database	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Domino	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
data	O
from	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Notes	I-Operating_System
and	O
Relational	B-Application
Databases	I-Application
to	O
be	O
displayed	O
to	O
browser	O
clients	O
on	O
all	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
programming	O
model	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
web	O
development	O
languages	O
and	O
standards	O
including	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
Ajax	B-General_Concept
,	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
the	O
Dojo	B-General_Concept
Toolkit	I-General_Concept
,	O
Server-side	O
JavaScript	B-Language
and	O
JavaServer	B-Language
Faces	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
XPages	B-Application
uses	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Domino	I-Operating_System
,	O
IBM	O
's	O
rapid	O
application	O
development	O
platform	O
,	O
including	O
functionality	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
document-oriented	B-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
utilizing	O
web	O
standards	O
,	O
XPages	B-Application
applications	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
by	O
web	O
clients	O
and	O
mobile	O
devices	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
developer	O
to	O
deliver	O
cross-platform	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
user	O
interface	O
,	O
XPages	B-Application
focus	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
development	O
standards	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
CSS	O
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
themes	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
manage	O
multiple	O
CSS	O
files	O
,	O
and	O
XPages	B-Application
comes	O
with	O
default	O
themes	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
the	O
OneUI	O
theme	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
client	O
side	O
logic	O
various	O
JavaScript	B-Application
frameworks	I-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
,	O
though	O
XPages	B-Application
comes	O
with	O
the	O
Dojo	B-General_Concept
Toolkit	I-General_Concept
and	O
Dojo	O
controls	O
can	O
be	O
easily	O
referenced	O
in	O
XPages	B-Application
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XPages	B-Application
also	O
uses	O
Dojo	O
internally	O
for	O
certain	O
functionality	O
to	O
make	O
key	O
features	O
easier	O
to	O
use	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
write	O
Dojo	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
special	O
XPages	B-Application
JavaScript	B-Language
library	O
contains	O
further	O
convenience	O
functionality	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
for	O
client	O
side	O
field	O
validations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
any	O
web	O
application	O
XPages	B-Application
applications	O
can	O
use	O
REST	B-Protocol
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XPages	B-Application
also	O
provides	O
easy	O
mechanisms	O
to	O
bind	O
data	O
sources	O
to	O
UI	O
controls	O
so	O
that	O
for	O
many	O
scenarios	O
no	O
code	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
written	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
XPages	B-Application
allows	O
to	O
declaratively	O
only	O
refresh	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
page	O
via	O
Ajax	B-General_Concept
when	O
submitting	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
XPages	B-Application
applications	O
is	O
done	O
using	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Domino	I-Operating_System
Designer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
for	O
the	O
business	O
logic	O
both	O
JavaScript	B-Language
and	O
Java	B-Language
code	I-Language
can	O
be	O
written	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XPages	B-Application
base	O
internally	O
on	O
JavaServer	B-Language
Faces	I-Language
,	O
but	O
the	O
sources	O
of	O
a	O
XPages	B-Application
pages	O
are	O
an	O
XML	O
derivative	O
called	O
XSP	O
which	O
is	O
translated	O
into	O
Java	B-Language
code	I-Language
when	O
running	O
the	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
runtime	O
,	O
this	O
code	O
returns	O
the	O
HTML	B-Language
to	O
various	O
clients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
access	O
data	O
,	O
XPages	B-Application
and	O
Domino	B-Operating_System
Designer	O
use	O
data	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UI	O
controls	O
and	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
controls	O
show	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
palette	O
of	O
controls	O
in	O
Domino	B-Operating_System
Designer	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
dragged	O
and	O
dropped	O
onto	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Domino	B-Operating_System
Designer	O
also	O
comes	O
with	O
further	O
convenience	O
functionality	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
field	O
validations	O
and	O
translations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XPages	B-Application
functionality	O
can	O
be	O
modularized	O
in	O
Custom	O
Controls	O
which	O
are	O
XPages	B-Application
controls	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
reused	O
in	O
multiple	O
XPages	B-Application
pages	O
and	O
parametrized	O
based	O
on	O
context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
write	O
business	O
backend	O
code	O
Serverside	O
JavaScript	B-Language
is	O
used	O
primarily	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
APIs	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
document	B-General_Concept
oriented	I-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
XPages	B-Application
context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
XPages	B-Application
are	O
based	O
on	O
JSF	B-Language
and	O
JSF	B-Language
is	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
standard	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
possible	O
to	O
invoke	O
standard	O
Java	B-Language
SDK	O
code	O
from	O
the	O
JavaScript	B-Language
code	O
and	O
to	O
write	O
custom	O
Java	B-Language
code	I-Language
using	O
JSF	B-Language
managed	O
beans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XPages	B-Application
runtime	O
can	O
be	O
extended	O
using	O
the	O
Extensibility	O
API	O
which	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
JavaServer	B-Language
Faces	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
capability	O
can	O
for	O
example	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
ISVs	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
provide	O
their	O
own	O
libraries	O
of	O
XPages	B-Application
controls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XPages	B-Application
runtime	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Domino	I-Operating_System
and	O
leverages	O
the	O
proven	O
and	O
mature	O
capabilities	O
Domino	B-Operating_System
provides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Domino	B-Operating_System
uses	O
a	O
document-oriented	B-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
called	O
NSF	O
(	O
Notes	B-Operating_System
Storage	I-Operating_System
Facility	I-Operating_System
)	O
to	O
manage	O
semi-structured	O
data	O
like	O
rich	O
text	O
and	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Domino	B-Operating_System
also	O
supports	O
full	O
text	O
search	O
for	O
a	O
full	O
database	O
as	O
built	O
in	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XPages	B-Application
applications	O
can	O
be	O
deployed	O
on	O
Domino	B-Operating_System
servers	O
or	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
Domino	B-Operating_System
servers	O
using	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Domino	I-Operating_System
Administrator	O
and	O
the	O
replication/synchronization	O
mechanism	O
built	O
into	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Domino	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XPages	B-Application
development	O
community	O
manages	O
the	O
website	O
XPages.info	O
with	O
various	O
types	O
of	O
information	O
about	O
XPages	B-Application
,	O
including	O
how	O
to	O
get	O
started	O
,	O
downloads	O
,	O
resources	O
and	O
demos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenNTF	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
site	O
for	O
applications	O
based	O
on	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Domino	I-Operating_System
and	O
contains	O
several	O
applications	O
and	O
development	O
controls	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
origins	O
of	O
XPages	B-Application
technology	O
can	O
be	O
traced	O
as	O
far	O
back	O
as	O
year	O
2000	O
,	O
when	O
Trilog	O
Group	O
,	O
an	O
IBM	O
Business	O
Partner	O
,	O
invented	O
a	O
component-oriented	O
rapid	O
web	O
application	O
development	O
model	O
,	O
called	O
XSP	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
Domino	B-Operating_System
RAD	O
model	O
,	O
but	O
based	O
on	O
J2EE	O
,	O
XML	O
and	O
open	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2004	O
,	O
IBM	O
acquired	O
the	O
XSP	O
technology	O
assets	O
from	O
Trilog	O
Group	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
offer	O
a	O
RAD	O
tool	O
for	O
IBM	O
Workplace	O
that	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
Domino	B-Operating_System
Designer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XPages	B-Application
technology	O
,	O
based	O
upon	O
JSF	B-Language
and	O
J2EE	O
,	O
started	O
life	O
at	O
IBM	O
,	O
from	O
2005	O
to	O
2007	O
,	O
inside	O
the	O
now	O
discontinued	O
IBM	O
Lotus	O
Workplace	O
Designer	O
and	O
subsequently	O
under	O
the	O
code	O
name	O
'	O
XFaces	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
mid	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
XFaces	O
technology	O
became	O
'	O
XPages	B-Application
 '	O
and	O
adopted	O
by	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Lotus	I-Operating_System
Notes	I-Operating_System
Domino	B-Operating_System
,	O
incorporated	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
cycle	O
for	O
the	O
8.5	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XPages	B-Application
was	O
previewed	O
at	O
Lotusphere	O
2008	O
(	O
AD303	O
Transforming	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Lotus	I-Operating_System
Domino	I-Operating_System
Web	O
Apps	O
with	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Lotus	I-Operating_System
Domino	I-Operating_System
Designer	O
Speakers	O
:	O
Rocky	O
Oliver	O
,	O
Martin	O
Donnelly	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Operating_System
Lotus	I-Operating_System
Notes	I-Operating_System
Domino	B-Operating_System
8.5	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
December	O
2008	O
and	O
in	O
time	O
for	O
Lotusphere	O
2009	O
where	O
it	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
many	O
highlights	O
of	O
the	O
show	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Operating_System
Lotus	I-Operating_System
Notes	I-Operating_System
Domino	B-Operating_System
8.5.1	O
continued	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
XPages	B-Application
technology	O
including	O
the	O
running	O
of	O
XPages	B-Application
applications	O
inside	O
the	O
Notes	O
Client	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
release	O
also	O
included	O
several	O
improvements	O
to	O
performance	O
and	O
UI	O
which	O
helped	O
XPages	B-Application
applications	O
perform	O
and	O
scale	O
better	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Operating_System
Lotus	I-Operating_System
Notes	I-Operating_System
Domino	B-Operating_System
8.5.2	O
contained	O
many	O
more	O
improvements	O
and	O
additions	O
to	O
the	O
feature	O
set	O
of	O
XPages	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
'	O
XPages	B-Application
 '	O
name	O
was	O
inspired	O
from	O
the	O
original	O
XSP	O
naming	O
idea	O
,	O
where	O
XSP	O
was	O
actually	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
'	O
XML	O
Server	O
Pages	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
a	O
first	O
rebranding	O
of	O
XSP	O
to	O
'	O
XFaces	O
 '	O
,	O
IBM	O
chose	O
'	O
XPages	B-Application
 '	O
as	O
the	O
project	O
code	O
name	O
for	O
the	O
pre-release	O
technology	O
included	O
in	O
Domino	B-Operating_System
Designer	O
.	O
</s>
