<s>
XML	B-Language
data	I-Language
binding	I-Language
refers	O
to	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
representing	O
information	O
in	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
document	I-Protocol
as	O
a	O
business	B-General_Concept
object	I-General_Concept
in	O
computer	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
applications	B-Application
to	O
access	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
the	O
XML	B-Protocol
from	O
the	O
object	O
rather	O
than	O
using	O
the	B-General_Concept
DOM	I-General_Concept
or	O
SAX	B-Application
to	O
retrieve	O
the	O
data	O
from	O
a	O
direct	O
representation	O
of	O
the	O
XML	B-Protocol
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
XML	B-Protocol
data	O
binder	O
accomplishes	O
this	O
by	O
automatically	O
creating	O
a	O
mapping	O
between	O
elements	O
of	O
the	O
XML	B-Language
schema	I-Language
of	O
the	O
document	O
we	O
wish	O
to	O
bind	O
and	O
members	B-Application
of	O
a	O
class	O
to	O
be	O
represented	O
in	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
this	O
process	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
convert	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
document	I-Protocol
to	O
an	O
object	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
called	O
unmarshalling	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
reverse	O
process	O
,	O
to	O
serialize	B-Application
an	O
object	O
as	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
is	O
called	O
marshalling	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
XML	B-Language
schema	I-Language
based	O
:	O
Based	O
on	O
an	O
existing	O
XML	B-Language
schema	I-Language
,	O
classes	O
that	O
correspond	O
to	O
the	O
schema	O
are	O
generated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Class	O
based	O
:	O
Based	O
on	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
classes	O
to	O
be	O
serialized	O
,	O
a	O
corresponding	O
XML	B-Language
schema	I-Language
is	O
generated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mapping-based	O
:	O
A	O
mapping	O
description	O
,	O
usually	O
itself	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
document	I-Protocol
,	O
describes	O
how	O
an	O
existing	O
XML	B-Language
schema	I-Language
maps	O
to	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
classes	O
,	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
XML	B-Protocol
is	O
inherently	O
sequential	O
and	O
objects	O
are	O
(	O
usually	O
)	O
not	O
,	O
XML	B-Language
data	I-Language
binding	I-Language
mappings	O
often	O
have	O
difficulty	O
preserving	O
all	O
the	O
information	O
in	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
document	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifically	O
,	O
information	O
like	O
comments	O
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
entity	O
references	O
,	O
and	O
sibling	O
order	O
may	O
fail	O
to	O
be	O
preserved	O
in	O
the	O
object	O
representation	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
binding	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
not	O
always	O
the	O
case	O
;	O
sufficiently	O
complex	O
data	O
binders	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
preserving	O
100%	O
of	O
the	O
information	O
in	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
document	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
,	O
since	O
objects	O
in	O
computer	O
memory	O
are	O
not	O
inherently	O
sequential	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
include	O
links	O
to	O
other	O
objects	O
(	O
including	O
self-referential	O
links	O
)	O
,	O
XML	B-Language
data	I-Language
binding	I-Language
mappings	O
often	O
have	O
difficulty	O
preserving	O
all	O
the	O
information	O
about	O
an	O
object	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
marshalled	O
to	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
alternative	O
approach	O
to	O
automatic	O
data	O
binding	O
relies	O
instead	O
on	O
hand-crafted	O
XPath	B-Language
expressions	O
that	O
extract	O
the	O
data	O
from	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
of	O
the	O
XML	B-Protocol
tree	O
structure	O
,	O
which	O
developers	O
can	O
determine	O
by	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
XML	B-Protocol
data	O
;	O
XML	B-Language
schemas	I-Language
are	O
no	O
longer	O
mandatory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
XPath	B-Language
allows	O
the	O
application	O
to	O
bind	O
the	O
relevant	O
data	O
items	O
and	O
filter	O
out	O
everything	O
else	O
,	O
avoiding	O
the	O
unnecessary	O
processing	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
completely	O
unmarshall	B-Application
the	O
entire	O
XML	B-Protocol
document	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
drawback	O
of	O
this	O
approach	O
is	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
automation	O
in	O
implementing	O
the	O
object	O
model	O
and	O
XPath	B-Language
expressions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
XML	B-Language
data	I-Language
binding	I-Language
's	O
strengths	O
is	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
un/serialize	B-Application
objects	O
across	O
programs	O
,	O
languages	O
,	O
and	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
You	O
can	O
dump	O
a	O
time	O
series	O
of	O
structured	O
objects	O
from	O
a	O
datalogger	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
(	O
programming	O
language	O
)	O
on	O
an	O
embedded	O
processor	O
,	O
bring	O
it	O
across	O
the	O
network	O
to	O
process	O
in	O
Perl	B-Language
and	O
finally	O
visualize	O
in	O
Octave	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
not	O
unique	O
to	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
YAML	B-Protocol
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
is	O
emerging	O
as	O
a	O
powerful	O
data	O
binding	O
alternative	O
to	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
JSON	B-General_Concept
(	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
YAML	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
often	O
suitable	O
for	O
lightweight	O
or	O
restricted	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Name	O
Programming	O
Language	O
License	O
First	O
release	O
Last	O
stable	O
release	O
Code	O
generation	O
from	O
XSD	O
Custom	O
mapping	O
Note	O
Apache	B-Language
Commons	I-Language
Betwixt	O
Java	O
0.8	O
Dormant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Serializes	B-Application
objects	O
to	O
XML	B-Protocol
without	O
requiring	O
an	O
XML	B-Language
schema	I-Language
definition	O
Apache	B-Language
XMLBeans	I-Language
Java	O
3.1.0	O
,	O
Castor	B-Library
Java	O
1.4.1	O
,	O
Earlier	O
versions	O
also	O
supported	O
Java-to-SQL	O
persistence	O
but	O
this	O
has	O
since	O
been	O
forked	O
into	O
a	O
separate	O
project	O
CodeSynthesis	B-Language
XSD	I-Language
C++	B-Language
and	O
proprietary	O
4.0.0	O
,	O
with	O
SAX	B-Application
or	O
tree-like	O
mapping	O
into	O
C++	B-Language
classes	O
gSOAP	O
C	B-Language
and	O
C++	B-Language
and	O
proprietary	O
2.8.94	O
,	O
Supports	O
XML	B-Language
schema	I-Language
,	O
WSDL	O
,	O
and	O
SOAP	O
;	O
XML	B-Language
schemas	I-Language
are	O
not	O
required	O
to	O
serialize	B-Application
C/C	O
++	O
data	O
to	O
XML	B-Protocol
;	O
custom	O
mapping	O
of	O
XML	B-Language
schema	I-Language
types	O
to	O
C/C	O
++	O
types	O
via	O
a	O
type	O
mapping	O
file	O
and	O
from	O
C/C	O
++	O
types	O
to	O
compatible	O
XML	B-Language
schema	I-Language
types	O
by	O
source	O
code	O
annotation	O
Java	B-Language
Architecture	I-Language
for	I-Language
XML	I-Language
Binding	I-Language
(	O
JAXB	B-Language
)	O
Java	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
JiBX	B-Language
Java	O
1.2.6	O
,	O
Maps	O
classes	O
to	O
XML	B-Language
schemas	I-Language
via	O
bytecode	O
manipulation	O
Simple	O
Java	O
2.7.1	O
,	O
System.Xml.Serialization	O
C#	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
the	O
.NET	O
framework	O
,	O
contains	O
XML	B-Language
data	I-Language
binding	I-Language
classes	O
;	O
includes	O
xsd.exe	O
tool	O
to	O
generate	O
classes	O
from	O
XSD	O
schema	O
xmlbeansxx	B-Language
C++	B-Language
0.9.1	O
,	O
C++	B-Language
port	O
of	O
Apache	B-Language
XMLBeans	I-Language
XStream	B-Language
Java	O
1.4.10	O
,	O
Also	O
capable	O
of	O
serializing	B-Application
to	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
Zeus	O
Java	O
?	O
</s>
