<s>
X-Road	B-Application
is	O
a	O
centrally	O
managed	O
distributed	O
Data	O
Exchange	O
Layer	O
(	O
DXL	O
)	O
between	O
information	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Organizations	O
can	O
exchange	O
information	O
over	O
the	O
Internet	O
using	O
X-Road	B-Application
to	O
ensure	O
confidentiality	O
,	O
integrity	O
and	O
interoperability	O
between	O
data	O
exchange	O
parties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
X-Road	B-Application
iteration	O
was	O
developed	O
and	O
launched	O
by	O
Estonia	O
's	O
Information	O
System	O
Authority	O
(	O
RIA	O
)	O
in	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
source	O
codes	O
of	O
its	O
central	O
components	O
were	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
3	O
,	O
2016	O
under	O
an	O
MIT	B-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
Finland	O
and	O
Estonia	O
established	O
the	O
Nordic	O
Institute	O
for	O
Interoperability	O
Solutions	O
(	O
NIIS	O
)	O
to	O
continue	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
X-Road	B-Application
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
their	O
web	O
page	O
,	O
"	O
The	O
X-Road	B-Application
is	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
data	O
exchange	O
layer	O
solution	O
that	O
enables	O
organizations	O
to	O
exchange	O
information	O
over	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
X-Road	B-Application
is	O
a	O
centrally	O
managed	O
distributed	O
integration	O
layer	O
between	O
Information	O
Systems	O
that	O
provides	O
a	O
standardized	O
and	O
secure	O
way	O
to	O
produce	O
and	O
consume	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
X-Road	B-Application
ensures	O
confidentiality	O
,	O
integrity	O
and	O
interoperability	O
between	O
data	O
exchange	O
parties.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
X-Road	B-Application
was	O
started	O
in	O
1998	O
as	O
a	O
pilot	O
project	O
under	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Economy	O
and	O
Communications	O
and	O
first	O
prototype	O
was	O
publicly	O
presented	O
in	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Information	O
System	O
Authority	O
(	O
RIA	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Economy	O
and	O
Communications	O
,	O
developed	O
X-Road	B-Application
and	O
launched	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
in	O
2001	O
and	O
holds	O
the	O
registered	O
trademark	O
,	O
X-Road	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
28	O
,	O
2014	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
Namibia	O
entered	O
into	O
a	O
two-year	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
e-Governance	O
Academy	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
data	O
exchange	O
layer	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
X-Road	B-Application
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
3	O
,	O
2016	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
central	O
components	O
of	O
X-Road	B-Application
was	O
released	O
under	O
an	O
MIT	B-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
X-Road	B-Application
is	O
used	O
nationwide	O
in	O
the	O
Estonian	O
public	O
administration	O
(	O
X-tee	O
)	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
Suomi.fi	O
Data	O
Exchange	O
Layer	O
(	O
Suomi.fi-palveluväylä	O
)	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
X-Road	B-Application
has	O
built-in	O
support	O
for	O
connecting	O
two	O
X-Road	B-Application
ecosystems	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
which	O
enables	O
a	O
native	O
cross-border	O
data	O
exchange	O
between	O
Estonia	O
and	O
Finland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nordic	O
Institute	O
for	O
Interoperability	O
Solutions	O
(	O
NIIS	O
)	O
was	O
founded	O
jointly	O
in	O
June	O
2017	O
by	O
Finland	O
and	O
Estonia	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
mission	O
"	O
to	O
develop	O
e-governance	O
solutions	O
...	O
with	O
the	O
X-Road	B-Application
technology	O
used	O
nationwide	O
in	O
the	O
Estonian	O
X-tee	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
Finnish	O
Suomi.fi	O
Data	O
Exchange	O
Layer	O
services	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NIIS	O
manages	O
,	O
develops	O
,	O
verifies	O
,	O
and	O
audits	O
X-Road	B-Application
'	O
s	O
source	O
code	O
;	O
administers	O
documentation	O
,	O
business	O
and	O
technical	O
requirements	O
;	O
conducts	O
development	O
;	O
develops	O
and	O
implements	O
principles	O
of	O
licensing	O
and	O
distribution	O
;	O
provides	O
second-line	O
support	O
for	O
members	O
,	O
and	O
engages	O
in	O
international	O
cooperation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
April	O
2018	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
articles	O
erroneously	O
stated	O
that	O
X-Road	B-Application
is	O
a	O
"	O
blockchain-based	O
technology	O
or	O
it	O
utilizes	O
blockchain	O
internally	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
an	O
April	O
18	O
,	O
2018	O
article	O
by	O
Petteri	O
Kivimäki	O
the	O
CTO	O
of	O
the	O
Nordic	O
Institute	O
for	O
Interoperability	O
Solutions	O
(	O
NIIS	O
)	O
,	O
"	O
There	O
is	O
no	O
blockchain	O
technology	O
in	O
the	O
X-Road.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Kivimäki	O
"	O
was	O
the	O
technical	O
lead	O
of	O
X-Road	B-Application
implementation	O
project	O
in	O
Finland	O
and	O
was	O
coordinating	O
the	O
joint	O
open	O
source	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
X-Road	B-Application
solution	O
between	O
Finland	O
and	O
Estonia.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Still	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
contested	O
claims	O
around	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
blockchain	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
X-Road	B-Application
.	O
</s>
