<s>
In	O
computing	O
,	O
a	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
is	O
a	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
with	O
an	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
into	O
mutually	O
non-overlapping	O
frames	B-General_Concept
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
more	O
common	O
approach	O
(	O
used	O
by	O
stacking	B-Device
window	I-Device
managers	I-Device
)	O
of	O
coordinate-based	O
stacking	B-Device
of	O
overlapping	O
objects	O
(	O
windows	O
)	O
that	O
tries	O
to	O
fully	O
emulate	O
the	O
desktop	B-Application
metaphor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Xerox	B-Operating_System
Star	I-Operating_System
system	O
(	O
released	O
in	O
1981	O
)	O
tiled	O
application	O
windows	O
,	O
but	O
allowed	O
dialogs	O
and	O
property	O
windows	O
to	O
overlap	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
Xerox	O
PARC	O
also	O
developed	O
CEDAR	B-Language
(	O
released	O
in	O
1982	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
windowing	O
system	O
using	O
a	O
tiled	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Next	O
in	O
1983	O
came	O
Andrew	B-Operating_System
WM	O
,	O
a	O
complete	O
tiled	O
windowing	O
system	O
later	O
replaced	O
by	O
X11	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
's	O
Windows	B-Application
1.0	I-Application
(	O
released	O
in	O
1985	O
)	O
also	O
used	O
tiling	O
(	O
see	O
sections	O
below	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1986	O
came	O
Digital	O
Research	O
's	O
GEM	B-Application
2.0	O
,	O
a	O
windowing	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
CP/M	B-Application
which	O
used	O
tiling	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RTL	O
ran	O
on	O
X11R2	B-Operating_System
and	O
R3	O
,	O
mainly	O
on	O
the	O
"	O
native	O
"	O
Siemens	O
systems	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
SINIX	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Andrew	B-Operating_System
Project	I-Operating_System
(	O
AP	O
or	O
tAP	O
)	O
was	O
a	O
desktop	O
client	O
system	O
(	O
like	O
early	O
GNOME	B-Application
)	O
for	O
X	B-Operating_System
with	O
a	O
tiling	O
and	O
overlapping	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
MacOS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.11	I-Operating_System
El	I-Operating_System
Capitan	I-Operating_System
released	O
in	O
September	O
2015	O
introduces	O
new	O
window	B-Application
management	I-Application
features	O
such	O
as	O
creating	O
a	O
full-screen	O
split	O
view	O
limited	O
to	O
two	O
app	O
windows	O
side-by-side	O
in	O
full	O
screen	O
by	O
holding	O
down	O
the	O
full-screen	O
button	O
in	O
the	O
upper-left	O
corner	O
of	O
a	O
window	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
built-in	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
has	O
,	O
since	O
Windows	B-Application
2.0	I-Application
,	O
followed	O
the	O
traditional	O
stacking	B-Device
approach	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
also	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
rudimentary	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
options	O
were	O
later	O
changed	O
in	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
to	O
Show	O
Windows	O
Side	O
by	O
Side	O
and	O
Show	O
Windows	O
Stacked	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
added	O
"	O
Aero	O
Snap	O
"	O
which	O
adds	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
drag	O
windows	O
to	O
either	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
simple	O
side-by-side	O
tiled	O
layout	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
to	O
maximize	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
introduced	O
Windows	O
Store	O
apps	O
;	O
unlike	O
desktop	O
applications	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
operate	O
in	O
a	O
window	O
,	O
and	O
could	O
only	O
run	O
in	O
full	O
screen	O
,	O
or	O
"	O
snapped	O
"	O
as	O
a	O
sidebar	O
alongside	O
another	O
app	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
desktop	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Along	O
with	O
allowing	O
Windows	O
Store	O
apps	O
to	O
run	O
in	O
a	O
traditional	O
window	O
,	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
enhanced	O
the	O
snapping	O
features	O
introduced	O
in	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
by	O
allowing	O
windows	O
to	O
be	O
tiled	O
into	O
screen	O
quadrants	O
by	O
dragging	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
corner	O
,	O
and	O
adding	O
"	O
Snap	O
Assist	O
"	O
—	O
which	O
prompts	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
select	O
the	O
application	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
occupy	O
the	O
other	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
when	O
they	O
snap	O
a	O
window	O
to	O
one	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
,	O
and	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
automatically	O
resize	O
both	O
windows	O
at	O
once	O
by	O
dragging	O
a	O
handle	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
also	O
supports	O
FancyZones	O
,	O
a	O
more	O
complete	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
facility	O
allowing	O
customized	O
tiling	O
zones	O
and	O
greater	O
user	O
control	O
,	O
configured	O
through	O
Microsoft	B-Application
PowerToys	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
1.0	I-Application
)	O
featured	O
a	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
,	O
partly	O
because	O
of	O
litigation	O
by	O
Apple	O
claiming	O
ownership	O
of	O
the	O
overlapping	O
window	O
desktop	B-Application
metaphor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
due	O
to	O
complaints	O
,	O
the	O
next	O
version	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
2.0	I-Application
)	O
followed	O
the	O
desktop	B-Application
metaphor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
later	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
stuck	O
to	O
this	O
approach	O
as	O
the	O
default	O
behaviour	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
-	O
dynamic	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
along	O
the	O
lines	O
of	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
bug.n	O
–	O
open	O
source	O
,	O
configurable	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
built	O
as	O
an	O
AutoHotKey	B-Language
script	O
and	O
licensed	O
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
GPL	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
–	O
move	O
and/or	O
resize	O
window	O
's	O
using	O
a	O
grid	O
selection	O
system	O
combining	O
benefits	O
of	O
floating	O
,	O
stacking	B-Device
and	O
tiling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
keyboard/mouse	O
shortcuts	O
to	O
instantly	O
move	O
and	O
resize	O
a	O
window	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stack	O
–	O
customizable	O
grid	O
(	O
XAML	O
)	O
,	O
global	O
hotkeys	O
and/or	O
middle	O
mouse	B-Device
button	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supports	O
HiDPI	B-Algorithm
and	O
multiple	O
monitors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supports	O
HiDPI	B-Algorithm
monitors	O
,	O
keyboard	B-Device
hotkeys	O
and	O
customization	O
of	O
hotkeys	O
(	O
XAML	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
workspacer	O
—	O
an	O
MIT	B-License
licensed	I-License
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
for	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
that	O
aims	O
to	O
be	O
fast	O
and	O
compatible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Written	O
and	O
configurable	O
using	O
C#	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
dwm-win32	O
—	O
port	O
of	O
dwm	B-Language
's	O
general	O
functionality	O
to	O
win32	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Is	O
MIT	B-License
licensed	I-License
and	O
is	O
configured	O
by	O
editing	O
a	O
config	O
header	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
style	O
as	O
dwm	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
is	O
a	O
separate	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
X	B-Operating_System
itself	O
enforces	O
no	O
specific	O
window	B-Application
management	I-Application
approach	O
and	O
remains	O
usable	O
even	O
without	O
any	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Current	O
X	B-Operating_System
protocol	O
version	O
X11	B-Operating_System
explicitly	O
mentions	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
managers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Siemens	O
RTL	O
Tiled	O
Window	B-Application
Manager	I-Application
(	O
released	O
in	O
1988	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
implement	O
automatic	O
placement/sizing	O
strategies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
from	O
this	O
period	O
was	O
the	O
Cambridge	O
Window	B-Application
Manager	I-Application
developed	O
by	O
IBM	O
's	O
Academic	O
Information	O
System	O
group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2000	O
,	O
both	O
larswm	O
and	O
Ion	B-Application
released	O
a	O
first	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
awesome	B-Language
–	O
a	O
dwm	B-Language
derivative	O
with	O
window	O
tiling	O
,	O
floating	O
and	O
tagging	O
,	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
and	O
configurable	O
and	O
extensible	O
in	O
Lua	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
WM	O
to	O
be	O
ported	O
from	O
Xlib	B-Language
to	O
XCB	B-Language
,	O
and	O
supports	O
D-Bus	B-Language
,	O
pango	B-Language
,	O
XRandR	O
,	O
Xinerama	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
bspwm	O
–	O
a	O
small	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
that	O
,	O
similarly	O
to	O
yabai	O
,	O
represents	O
windows	O
as	O
the	O
leaves	O
of	O
a	O
full	O
binary	O
tree	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
sxhkd	O
)	O
to	O
translate	O
input	O
to	O
X	B-Operating_System
events	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compiz	B-Language
–	O
a	O
compositing	B-Operating_System
window	I-Operating_System
manager	I-Operating_System
available	O
for	O
usage	O
without	O
leaving	O
familiar	O
interfaces	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
ones	O
from	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
KDE	B-Application
or	O
Mate	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
plugins	O
can	O
be	O
configured	O
through	O
the	O
Compiz	B-Language
Config	O
Settings	O
Manager	O
/	O
CCSM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
dwm	B-Language
–	O
allows	O
for	O
switching	O
tiling	O
layouts	O
by	O
clicking	O
a	O
textual	O
ascii	O
art	O
'	O
icon	O
 '	O
in	O
the	O
status	O
bar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
is	O
a	O
main	O
area	O
+	O
stacking	B-Device
area	O
arrangement	O
,	O
represented	O
by	O
a	O
[]=	O
character	O
glyph	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third	O
party	O
patches	B-Application
exist	O
to	O
add	O
a	O
golden	O
section-based	O
Fibonacci	O
layout	O
,	O
horizontal	O
and	O
vertical	O
row-based	O
tiling	O
or	O
a	O
grid	O
layout	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
keyboard-driven	O
menu	O
utility	O
"	O
dmenu	O
"	O
,	O
developed	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
dwm	B-Language
,	O
is	O
used	O
with	O
other	O
tiling	O
WMs	O
such	O
as	O
xmonad	B-Device
,	O
and	O
sometimes	O
also	O
with	O
other	O
"	O
light-weight	O
"	O
software	O
like	O
Openbox	B-Language
and	O
uzbl	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
herbstluftwm	O
–	O
a	O
manual	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
(	O
similar	O
to	O
i3	B-Language
or	O
Sway	B-Language
)	O
that	O
uses	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
monitor	O
independent	O
tags	O
as	O
workspaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
i3	B-Language
and	O
Sway	B-Language
,	O
herbstluftwm	O
is	O
configured	O
at	O
runtime	O
via	O
IPC	B-Operating_System
calls	O
from	O
herbstclient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
i3	B-Language
–	O
a	O
built-from-scratch	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
,	O
based	O
on	O
wmii	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
vi-like	O
keybindings	O
,	O
and	O
treats	O
extra	O
monitors	O
as	O
extra	O
workspaces	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
windows	O
can	O
be	O
moved	O
between	O
monitors	O
easily	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
entirely	O
from	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
,	O
but	O
a	O
mouse	B-Device
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ion	B-Application
–	O
combines	O
tiling	O
with	O
a	O
tabbing	O
interface	O
:	O
the	O
display	O
is	O
manually	O
split	O
in	O
non-overlapping	O
regions	O
(	O
frames	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LeftWM	O
–	O
a	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
based	O
on	O
theming	O
and	O
supporting	O
large	O
monitors	O
such	O
as	O
ultrawides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Qtile	O
–	O
a	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
written	O
,	O
configurable	O
and	O
extensible	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ratpoison	B-Language
—	O
A	O
keyboard-driven	O
GNU	B-Application
Screen	I-Application
for	O
X	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
spectrwm	O
—	O
a	O
dynamic	O
tiling	O
and	O
reparenting	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
for	O
X11	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
StumpWM	B-Language
–	O
a	O
keyboard	B-Device
driven	O
offshoot	O
of	O
ratpoison	B-Language
supporting	O
multiple	O
displays	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
Emacs-compatible	O
keybindings	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
wmii	B-Language
(	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
improved	O
2	O
)	O
supports	O
tiling	O
and	O
stacking	B-Device
window	B-Application
management	I-Application
with	O
extended	O
keyboard	B-Device
,	O
mouse	B-Device
,	O
and	O
filesystem	O
based	O
remote	O
control	O
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
workspace	O
paradigm	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
tagging	O
approach	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
configuration	O
uses	O
keystrokes	O
derived	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
vi	B-Application
text	O
editor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
offers	O
extensive	O
configuration	O
through	O
a	O
virtual	O
filesystem	O
using	O
the	O
9P	B-Operating_System
filesystem	O
protocol	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
offered	O
by	O
Plan	B-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
from	I-Operating_System
Bell	I-Operating_System
Labs	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
RPC	O
system	O
allows	O
many	O
different	O
configuration	O
styles	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
provided	O
in	O
the	O
base	O
distribution	O
in	O
plan9port	B-Application
and	O
Bourne	B-Device
shell	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
release	O
3.9	O
also	O
includes	O
configurations	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
and	O
Ruby	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
release	O
supports	O
Xinerama	B-Device
,	O
shipping	O
with	O
its	O
own	O
keyboard-based	O
menu	O
program	O
called	O
wimenu	O
,	O
featuring	O
history	O
and	O
programmable	O
completion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
xmonad	B-Device
–	O
an	O
extensible	O
WM	O
written	O
in	O
Haskell	B-Language
,	O
which	O
was	O
both	O
influenced	O
by	O
and	O
has	O
since	O
influenced	O
dwm	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wayland	B-Language
is	O
a	O
new	O
windowing	O
system	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
replacing	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
tiling	O
managers	O
that	O
support	O
Wayland	B-Language
natively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
—	O
Hyprland	O
is	O
a	O
dynamic	O
tiling	O
wayland	B-Language
compositor	O
that	O
offers	O
unique	O
features	O
like	O
smooth	O
animations	O
,	O
dynamic	O
tiling	O
and	O
rounded	O
corners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sway	B-Language
—	O
Sway	B-Language
is	O
"	O
a	O
drop-in	O
replacement	O
for	O
the	O
i3	B-Language
window	I-Language
manager	I-Language
,	O
but	O
for	O
Wayland	B-Language
instead	O
of	O
X11	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
works	O
with	O
your	O
existing	O
i3	B-Language
configuration	O
and	O
supports	O
most	O
of	O
i3	B-Language
's	O
features	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
few	O
extras	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
-	O
River	O
is	O
a	O
dynamic	O
tiling	O
Wayland	B-Language
compositor	O
with	O
flexible	O
runtime	O
configuration	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
maintained	O
and	O
under	O
regular	O
updates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
a	O
tiling	O
compositor	O
for	O
wayland	B-Language
,	O
based	O
on	O
cage	O
and	O
inspired	O
by	O
(	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
easily	O
controlled	O
through	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
and	O
a	O
unix	O
domain	O
socket	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
-	O
dwl	O
is	O
a	O
wayland	B-Language
compositor	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
same	O
space	O
in	O
the	O
Wayland	B-Language
world	O
that	O
dwm	B-Language
does	O
in	O
X11	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
dwm	B-Language
,	O
it	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
,	O
has	O
a	O
small	O
codebase	O
and	O
lacks	O
any	O
configuration	O
interface	O
besides	O
editing	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Oberon	B-Application
operating	O
and	O
programming	O
system	O
,	O
from	O
ETH	O
Zurich	O
includes	O
a	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Acme	B-Application
programmer	O
's	O
editor	O
/	O
windowing	O
system	O
/	O
shell	O
program	O
in	O
Plan	B-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Samsung	B-Application
Galaxy	I-Application
S3	I-Application
,	O
S4	B-Application
,	O
Note	B-Operating_System
II	I-Operating_System
and	O
Note	B-Application
3	I-Application
smartphones	O
,	O
running	O
a	O
custom	O
variant	O
of	O
Android4	O
,	O
have	O
a	O
multi-window	O
feature	O
that	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
tile	O
two	O
apps	O
on	O
the	O
device	O
's	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
feature	O
was	O
integrated	O
into	O
stock	O
Android	B-Application
as	O
of	O
version	O
7.0	O
"	O
Nougat	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pop	O
Shell	O
extension	O
,	O
from	O
Pop	O
!	O
_OS	O
can	O
add	O
tiling	O
windows	B-Application
manager	I-Application
functionalities	O
to	O
GNOME	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amethyst	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
by	O
ianyh	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
window	O
tiling	O
for	O
macOS	B-Application
and	O
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
xmonad	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
tiling	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
default	O
mode	O
of	O
window	B-Application
managers	I-Application
on	O
any	O
widely	O
used	O
platform	O
,	O
most	O
applications	O
already	O
display	O
multiple	O
functions	O
internally	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Paned	O
windows	O
are	O
a	O
common	O
way	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
master	B-Application
–	I-Application
detail	I-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developed	O
since	O
the	O
1970s	O
,	O
the	O
Emacs	B-Application
text	O
editor	O
contains	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
implementations	O
of	O
tiling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
frames	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
markup	O
language-based	O
implementation	O
of	O
tiling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tiling	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
extends	O
this	O
usefulness	O
beyond	O
multiple	O
functions	O
within	O
an	O
application	O
,	O
to	O
multiple	O
applications	O
within	O
a	O
desktop	O
.	O
</s>
