<s>
Wireless	B-Protocol
tools	I-Protocol
for	I-Protocol
Linux	I-Protocol
is	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
user-space	O
utilities	O
written	O
for	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel-based	O
operating	O
systems	O
to	O
support	O
and	O
facilitate	O
the	O
configuration	O
of	O
device	O
drivers	O
of	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
interface	I-General_Concept
controllers	I-General_Concept
and	O
some	O
related	O
aspects	O
of	O
networking	O
using	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Wireless	O
Extension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wireless	B-Protocol
tools	I-Protocol
for	I-Protocol
Linux	I-Protocol
and	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Wireless	O
Extension	O
are	O
maintained	O
by	O
Jean	O
Tourrilhes	O
and	O
sponsored	O
by	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
included	O
with	O
most	O
operating	O
system	O
distributions	O
built	O
on	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
many	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
distributions	O
,	O
this	O
package	O
is	O
included	O
by	O
default	O
,	O
or	O
based	O
on	O
whether	O
a	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
card	I-General_Concept
is	O
present	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iwlist	B-Protocol
and	O
iwconfig	B-Protocol
to	O
find	O
and	O
sync	O
with	O
a	O
wireless	B-Device
access	I-Device
point	I-Device
)	O
,	O
some	O
recommend	O
using	O
frontends	O
provided	O
by	O
GNOME	B-Application
and	O
KDE	B-Application
,	O
or	O
an	O
application	O
called	O
NetGo	O
,	O
to	O
manipulate	O
these	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
authors	O
consider	O
wireless	O
tools	O
package	O
deprecated	O
;	O
the	O
alternative	O
being	O
the	O
more	O
recent	O
iw	O
utility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Especially	O
the	O
iw	O
dev	O
wlan0	O
scan	O
output	O
provides	O
many	O
additional	O
details	O
over	O
the	O
iwlist	B-Protocol
scan	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ifrename	O
allows	O
to	O
rename	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
interfaces	I-General_Concept
based	O
on	O
various	O
static	O
criteria	O
to	O
assign	O
a	O
consistent	O
name	O
to	O
each	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
interface	O
names	O
are	O
dynamic	O
,	O
and	O
each	O
network	B-Protocol
adapter	I-Protocol
is	O
assigned	O
the	O
first	O
available	O
name	O
(	O
eth0	O
,	O
eth1	O
...	O
)	O
while	O
the	O
order	O
network	O
interfaces	O
are	O
created	O
may	O
vary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ifrename	O
must	O
be	O
run	O
before	O
interfaces	O
are	O
brought	O
up	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
why	O
it	O
's	O
mostly	O
useful	O
in	O
various	O
scripts	O
(	O
init	B-Operating_System
,	O
hotplug	B-Device
)	O
but	O
is	O
seldom	O
used	O
directly	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iwconfig	B-Protocol
is	O
used	O
to	O
display	O
and	O
change	O
the	O
parameters	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
interface	O
which	O
are	O
specific	O
to	O
the	O
wireless	O
operation	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
interface	O
name	O
,	O
frequency	O
,	O
SSID	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
free	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
UNIX	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
iwconfig	B-Protocol
is	O
performed	O
by	O
an	O
expanded	O
ifconfig	B-Protocol
command	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
information	O
reported	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
one	O
shown	O
by	O
iwconfig	B-Protocol
,	O
but	O
iwgetid	O
is	O
easier	O
to	O
integrate	O
in	O
various	O
scripts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iwlist	B-Protocol
is	O
used	O
to	O
scan	O
for	O
available	O
wireless	O
networks	O
and	O
display	O
additional	O
information	O
about	O
them	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
displayed	O
by	O
iwconfig	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
argument	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
select	O
a	O
category	O
of	O
information	O
,	O
iwlist	B-Protocol
displays	O
in	O
detailed	O
form	O
all	O
information	O
related	O
to	O
this	O
category	O
,	O
including	O
information	O
already	O
shown	O
by	O
iwconfig	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
is	O
primarily	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
nearby	O
wireless	B-Device
access	I-Device
points	I-Device
and	O
their	O
MAC	O
addresses	O
and	O
SSIDs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
screen	O
dialog	O
shows	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
scanning	O
for	O
nearby	O
wireless	B-Device
access	I-Device
points	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
scan	O
yields	O
only	O
one	O
nearby	O
wireless	B-Device
access	I-Device
point	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
manipulate	O
parameters	O
and	O
setting	O
of	O
the	O
Wireless	O
Extension	O
specific	O
to	O
each	O
driver	O
(	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
iwconfig	B-Protocol
which	O
deals	O
with	O
generic	O
ones	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Without	O
any	O
argument	O
,	O
iwpriv	B-Protocol
lists	O
the	O
available	O
private	O
commands	O
available	O
on	O
each	O
interface	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
parameters	O
that	O
they	O
require	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iwspy	B-Protocol
is	O
used	O
to	O
monitor	O
a	O
set	O
list	O
of	O
nodes	O
and	O
record	O
the	O
link	O
quality	O
of	O
each	O
of	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
those	O
reasons	O
this	O
functionality	O
is	O
mostly	O
useful	O
in	O
ad	B-General_Concept
hoc	I-General_Concept
and	O
master	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
wpa_supplicant	O
and	O
hostapd	O
come	O
as	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
complementary	O
client	O
and	O
host	O
for	O
wireless	B-Device
access	I-Device
points	I-Device
.	O
</s>
