<s>
A	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
Internet	I-General_Concept
service	I-General_Concept
provider	I-General_Concept
(	O
WISP	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
Internet	O
service	O
provider	O
with	O
a	O
network	O
based	O
on	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
networking	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Technology	O
may	O
include	O
commonplace	O
Wi-Fi	O
wireless	O
mesh	O
networking	O
,	O
or	O
proprietary	O
equipment	O
designed	O
to	O
operate	O
over	O
open	O
900	B-Algorithm
MHz	I-Algorithm
,	O
2.4	B-Algorithm
GHz	I-Algorithm
,	O
4.9	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
24	O
,	O
and	O
60GHz	O
bands	O
or	O
licensed	O
frequencies	O
in	O
the	O
UHF	O
band	O
(	O
including	O
the	O
MMDS	O
frequency	O
band	O
)	O
,	O
LMDS	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
bands	O
from	O
6	O
GHz	O
to	O
80	O
GHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
July	O
2015	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
over	O
2,000	O
fixed	B-General_Concept
wireless	I-General_Concept
broadband	O
providers	O
operating	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
,	O
servicing	O
nearly	O
4	O
million	O
customers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
WISPs	O
were	O
only	O
found	O
in	O
rural	O
areas	O
not	O
covered	O
by	O
cable	B-Device
television	O
or	O
DSL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LARIAT	O
originally	O
used	O
WaveLAN	O
equipment	O
,	O
manufactured	O
by	O
the	O
NCR	O
Corporation	O
,	O
which	O
operated	O
on	O
the	O
900	B-Algorithm
MHz	I-Algorithm
unlicensed	O
radio	O
band	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LARIAT	O
was	O
taken	O
private	O
in	O
2003	O
and	O
continues	O
to	O
exist	O
as	O
a	O
for-profit	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
ISP	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
what	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
wireless	O
LAN	O
products	O
available	O
for	O
wireless	O
barcode	O
scanning	O
in	O
stores	O
,	O
called	O
Aironet	O
(	O
now	O
owned	O
by	O
Cisco	O
)	O
,	O
they	O
worked	O
out	O
if	O
they	O
ran	O
a	O
dedicated	O
Telco	O
link	O
into	O
the	O
highest	O
building	O
in	O
a	O
business	O
area	O
or	O
CBD	O
they	O
could	O
wirelessly	O
"	O
cable	B-Device
"	O
up	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
buildings	O
back	O
to	O
this	O
main	O
point	O
and	O
would	O
only	O
require	O
one	O
link	O
from	O
the	O
Telco	O
to	O
connect	O
up	O
hundreds	O
of	O
businesses	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
were	O
879	O
Wi-Fi	O
based	O
WISPs	O
in	O
the	O
Czech	O
Republic	O
as	O
of	O
May	O
2008	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
the	O
country	O
with	O
most	O
Wi-Fi	B-Device
access	I-Device
points	I-Device
in	O
the	O
whole	O
EU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Geekcorps	O
actively	O
help	O
in	O
Africa	O
with	O
among	O
others	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
building	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
typical	O
WISP	O
system	O
is	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
one	O
deployed	O
by	O
Gaiacom	O
Wireless	B-General_Concept
Networks	I-General_Concept
which	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
Wi-Fi	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
One	O
Laptop	O
per	O
Child	O
project	O
strongly	O
relies	O
on	O
good	O
Internet	O
connectivity	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
most	O
likely	O
be	O
provided	O
in	O
rural	O
areas	O
only	O
with	O
satellite	O
or	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
Internet	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
WISP	O
networks	O
have	O
been	O
started	O
in	O
rural	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
,	O
to	O
address	O
issues	O
with	O
poor	O
broadband	O
DSL	O
service	O
(	O
bandwidth	O
)	O
in	O
rural	O
areas	O
(	O
"	O
notspots	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
including	O
slow	O
rollout	O
of	O
fibre	O
based	O
services	O
which	O
could	O
improve	O
service	O
(	O
usually	O
Fibre	B-Architecture
to	I-Architecture
the	I-Architecture
cabinet	I-Architecture
to	O
groups	O
of	O
rural	O
buildings	O
,	O
potentially	O
Fibre	B-Architecture
to	I-Architecture
the	I-Architecture
premises	I-Architecture
for	O
isolated	O
buildings	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WISPs	O
often	O
offer	O
additional	O
services	O
like	O
location-based	O
content	O
,	O
Virtual	B-Application
Private	I-Application
Networking	I-Application
(	O
VPN	B-Application
)	O
and	O
Voice	B-Application
over	I-Application
IP	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Isolated	O
municipal	O
ISPs	O
and	O
larger	O
statewide	O
initiatives	O
alike	O
are	O
tightly	O
focused	O
on	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
networking	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
WISPs	O
have	O
a	O
large	O
market	O
share	O
in	O
rural	O
environments	O
where	O
cable	B-Device
and	O
digital	O
subscriber	O
lines	O
are	O
not	O
available	O
;	O
further	O
,	O
with	O
technology	O
available	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
meet	O
or	O
beat	O
speeds	O
of	O
legacy	O
cable	B-Device
and	O
telephone	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
urban	O
environments	O
,	O
gigabit	B-General_Concept
wireless	I-General_Concept
links	O
are	O
common	O
and	O
provide	O
levels	O
of	O
bandwidth	O
previously	O
only	O
available	O
through	O
expensive	O
fiber	B-Architecture
optic	I-Architecture
connections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
there	O
,	O
the	O
WISP	O
will	O
start	O
building	O
backhauls	O
(	O
gigabit	B-General_Concept
wireless	I-General_Concept
or	O
fiber	O
)	O
to	O
elevated	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
radio	O
towers	O
,	O
tall	O
buildings	O
,	O
grain	O
silos	O
,	O
or	O
water	O
towers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WISP	O
may	O
also	O
use	O
gigabit	B-General_Concept
wireless	I-General_Concept
links	O
to	O
connect	O
a	O
PoP	O
(	O
Point	O
of	O
Presence	O
)	O
to	O
several	O
towers	O
,	O
reducing	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
fiber	O
circuits	O
to	O
the	O
tower	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
fixed	B-General_Concept
wireless	I-General_Concept
connections	O
,	O
a	O
small	O
dish	O
or	O
antenna	O
is	O
mounted	O
to	O
the	O
roof	O
of	O
the	O
customer	O
's	O
building	O
and	O
aligned	O
to	O
the	O
WISP	O
's	O
nearest	O
antenna	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
operating	O
over	O
the	O
tightly	O
limited	O
range	O
of	O
the	O
heavily	O
populated	O
2.4GHz	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
,	O
as	O
nearly	O
all	O
802.11-based	O
Wi‑Fi	O
providers	O
do	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
uncommon	O
to	O
also	O
see	O
access	O
points	O
mounted	O
on	O
light	O
posts	O
and	O
customer	O
buildings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
wireless	O
services	O
have	O
latency	B-Protocol
comparable	O
to	O
other	O
terrestrial	O
broadband	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
