<s>
Winner-take-all	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
computational	O
principle	O
applied	O
in	O
computational	O
models	B-Architecture
of	I-Architecture
neural	I-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
by	O
which	O
neurons	O
compete	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
for	O
activation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
theory	O
of	O
artificial	B-Architecture
neural	I-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
,	O
winner-take-all	B-Algorithm
networks	O
are	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
competitive	B-Algorithm
learning	I-Algorithm
in	O
recurrent	B-Algorithm
neural	I-Algorithm
networks	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Winner-take-all	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
general	O
computational	O
primitive	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
using	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
neural	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
models	I-Architecture
,	O
including	O
both	O
continuous-time	O
and	O
spiking	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Winner-take-all	B-Algorithm
networks	O
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
computational	O
models	O
of	O
the	O
brain	O
,	O
particularly	O
for	O
distributed	O
decision-making	O
or	O
action	B-General_Concept
selection	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
cortex	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
also	O
common	O
in	O
artificial	B-Architecture
neural	I-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
and	O
neuromorphic	O
analog	O
VLSI	O
circuits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
formally	O
proven	O
that	O
the	O
winner-take-all	B-Algorithm
operation	O
is	O
computationally	O
powerful	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
nonlinear	O
operations	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
thresholding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
simple	O
,	O
but	O
popular	O
CMOS	B-Device
winner-take-all	B-Algorithm
circuit	O
is	O
shown	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
1989	O
)	O
using	O
MOS	B-Architecture
transistors	I-Architecture
biased	O
to	O
operate	O
in	O
the	O
weak-inversion	O
or	O
subthreshold	O
regime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
SPICE-based	O
DC	O
simulation	O
of	O
the	O
CMOS	B-Device
winner-take-all	B-Algorithm
circuit	O
in	O
the	O
two-input	O
case	O
is	O
shown	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
stereo	O
matching	O
algorithms	O
,	O
following	O
the	O
taxonomy	O
proposed	O
by	O
Scharstein	O
and	O
Szelliski	O
,	O
winner-take-all	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
local	O
method	O
for	O
disparity	O
computation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adopting	O
a	O
winner-take-all	B-Algorithm
strategy	O
,	O
the	O
disparity	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
minimum	O
or	O
maximum	O
cost	O
value	O
is	O
selected	O
at	O
each	O
pixel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
axiomatic	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
electronic	O
commerce	O
market	O
,	O
early	O
dominant	O
players	O
such	O
as	O
AOL	O
or	O
Yahoo	B-Application
!	I-Application
</s>
<s>
The	O
winner-take-all	B-Algorithm
hypothesis	O
in	O
economics	O
suggests	O
that	O
once	O
a	O
technology	O
or	O
a	O
firm	O
gets	O
ahead	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
do	O
better	O
and	O
better	O
over	O
time	O
,	O
whereas	O
lagging	O
technology	O
and	O
firms	O
will	O
fall	O
further	O
behind	O
.	O
</s>
