<s>
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
is	O
the	O
eighth	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
server	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
developed	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
family	I-Device
of	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
developed	O
alongside	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
and	O
is	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
Windows	O
8.1-based	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2012	O
R2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
was	O
released	O
on	O
September	O
26	O
,	O
2016	O
at	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Ignite	O
conference	O
and	O
broadly	O
released	O
for	O
retail	O
sale	O
on	O
October	O
12	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
succeeded	O
by	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2019	I-Device
and	O
the	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
Semi-Annual	O
Channel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
Defender	I-Application
:	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
Antimalware	O
is	O
installed	O
and	O
enabled	O
by	O
default	O
without	O
the	O
GUI	B-Application
,	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
installable	O
Windows	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Storage	O
Services	O
:	O
Central	O
Storage	O
QoS	O
Policies	O
;	O
Storage	O
Replicas	O
(	O
storage-agnostic	O
,	O
block-level	O
,	O
volume-based	O
,	O
synchronous	O
and	O
asynchronous	O
replication	O
using	O
SMB3	O
between	O
servers	O
for	O
disaster	B-General_Concept
recovery	I-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DNS	B-Protocol
:	O
</s>
<s>
Hyper-V	O
Network	B-Protocol
virtualization	I-Protocol
:	O
Programmable	O
Hyper-V	O
switch	O
(	O
a	O
new	O
building	O
block	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
software-defined	O
networking	O
solution	O
)	O
;	O
VXLAN	B-Protocol
encapsulation	O
support	O
;	O
Microsoft	O
Software	O
Load	O
Balancer	O
interoperability	O
;	O
better	O
IEEE	O
Ethernet	O
standard	O
compliance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rolling	O
Hyper-V	O
cluster	O
update	O
:	O
Unlike	O
upgrading	O
clusters	O
from	O
Windows	O
2008	O
R2	O
to	O
2012	O
level	O
,	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
cluster	O
nodes	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
a	O
Hyper-V	O
Cluster	O
with	O
nodes	O
running	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2012	O
R2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cluster	O
continues	O
to	O
function	O
at	O
a	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2012	O
R2	O
feature	O
level	O
until	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
nodes	O
in	O
the	O
cluster	O
have	O
been	O
upgraded	O
and	O
the	O
cluster	O
functional	O
level	O
has	O
been	O
upgraded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
announced	O
a	O
new	O
installation	O
option	O
,	O
Nano	O
Server	B-Application
,	O
which	O
offers	O
a	O
minimal-footprint	O
headless	O
version	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
excludes	O
the	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
WoW64	B-Application
(	O
support	O
for	O
32-bit	O
software	O
)	O
and	O
Windows	B-Application
Installer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
console	B-Device
login	B-General_Concept
,	O
either	O
locally	O
or	O
via	O
Remote	B-Protocol
Desktop	I-Protocol
Connection	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
management	O
is	O
performed	O
remotely	O
via	O
Windows	B-Library
Management	I-Library
Instrumentation	I-Library
(	O
WMI	O
)	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerShell	I-Application
and	O
Remote	O
Server	B-Application
Management	O
Tools	O
(	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
web-based	O
GUI	B-Application
and	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
tools	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
Technical	O
Preview	O
5	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
has	O
re-added	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
administer	O
Nano	O
Server	B-Application
locally	O
through	O
PowerShell	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
engineer	O
Jeffrey	O
Snover	O
,	O
Nano	O
Server	B-Application
has	O
93%	O
lower	O
VHD	O
size	O
,	O
92%	O
fewer	O
critical	O
security	O
advisories	O
,	O
and	O
80%	O
fewer	O
reboots	O
than	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nano	O
Server	B-Application
is	O
only	O
available	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
Software	O
Assurance	O
customers	O
and	O
on	O
cloud	O
computing	O
platforms	O
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Azure	I-Application
and	O
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
feature	O
release	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
version	O
1709	O
,	O
Nano	O
Server	B-Application
can	O
only	O
be	O
installed	O
inside	O
a	O
container	B-Application
host	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
has	O
been	O
reorganized	O
by	O
Satya	O
Nadella	O
,	O
putting	O
the	O
Server	B-Application
and	O
System	O
Center	O
teams	O
together	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previously	O
,	O
the	O
Server	B-Application
team	O
was	O
more	O
closely	O
aligned	O
with	O
the	O
Windows	O
client	O
team	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Azure	B-Application
team	O
is	O
also	O
working	O
closely	O
with	O
the	O
Server	B-Application
team	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2017	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
demonstrated	O
an	O
internal	O
version	O
of	O
Server	B-Device
2016	I-Device
running	O
on	O
the	O
ARMv8-A	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
James	O
Vincent	O
of	O
The	O
Verge	O
,	O
this	O
decision	O
endangers	O
Intel	O
's	O
dominance	O
of	O
the	O
server	B-Application
CPU	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
later	O
inquiry	O
from	O
Microsoft	O
revealed	O
that	O
this	O
version	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
is	O
only	O
for	O
internal	O
use	O
and	O
only	O
impacts	O
subscribers	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Azure	I-Application
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
public	O
beta	O
version	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
(	O
then	O
still	O
called	O
vNext	O
)	O
branded	O
as	O
"	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
Technical	O
Preview	O
"	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
1	O
,	O
2014	O
;	O
the	O
technical	O
preview	O
builds	O
are	O
aimed	O
toward	O
enterprise	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
Insider	O
Preview	O
Build	O
16237	O
was	O
released	O
to	O
Windows	O
Insiders	O
on	O
July	O
13	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
was	O
officially	O
released	O
at	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Ignite	O
Conference	O
on	O
September	O
26	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
its	O
predecessor	O
,	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
is	O
licensed	O
by	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
CPU	B-Architecture
cores	I-Architecture
rather	O
than	O
number	O
of	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
sockets	I-General_Concept
—	O
a	O
change	O
that	O
has	O
similarly	O
been	O
adopted	O
by	O
BizTalk	B-Application
Server	I-Application
2013	I-Application
and	O
SQL	B-Application
Server	I-Application
2014	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
licensing	O
structure	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
adopted	O
by	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
has	O
also	O
moved	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2012/2012R2	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
socket	I-General_Concept
licensing	O
model	O
in	O
that	O
now	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
cores	O
covered	O
under	O
one	O
license	O
is	O
limited	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
Standard	O
and	O
Datacenter	O
core	O
licensing	O
now	O
covers	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
8	O
core	O
licenses	O
for	O
each	O
physical	O
processor	O
and	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
16	O
core	O
licenses	O
for	O
each	O
server	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
server	B-Application
goes	O
over	O
16	O
core	O
licenses	O
for	O
a	O
2	O
processor	O
server	B-Application
additional	O
licenses	O
will	O
now	O
be	O
required	O
with	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
Technical	O
Preview	O
,	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
1	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
beta	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
made	O
publicly	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
Technical	O
Preview	O
2	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
on	O
May	O
4	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
A	O
similar	O
jump	O
in	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
version	O
number	O
from	O
6	O
to	O
10	O
is	O
seen	O
in	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Installation	O
options	O
:	O
Minimal	O
Server	B-Application
Interface	O
was	O
made	O
default	O
and	O
renamed	O
the	O
Server	B-Application
installation	O
option	O
to	O
“	O
Server	B-Application
with	O
local	O
admin	O
tools	O
”	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
third	O
technical	O
preview	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
was	O
made	O
available	O
on	O
August	O
19	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Installation	O
options	O
:	O
The	O
Server	B-Application
installation	O
option	O
had	O
been	O
renamed	O
to	O
“	O
Server	B-Application
with	O
Desktop	O
Experience	O
”	O
having	O
the	O
shell	O
and	O
Desktop	O
Experience	O
installed	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
structural	O
changes	O
required	O
to	O
deliver	O
the	O
Desktop	O
Experience	O
on	O
Server	B-Application
,	O
it	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
possible	O
to	O
convert	O
from	O
Server	B-Application
with	O
Desktop	O
Experience	O
to	O
Server	B-Application
Core	O
or	O
to	O
convert	O
Server	B-Application
Core	O
up	O
to	O
Server	B-Application
with	O
Desktop	O
Experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fourth	O
technical	O
preview	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
was	O
made	O
available	O
on	O
November	O
19	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
one	O
year	O
and	O
one	O
month	O
after	O
the	O
initial	O
technical	O
preview	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
version	O
number	O
was	O
10.0.10586	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
version	O
1511	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nano	O
Server	B-Application
supports	O
the	O
DNS	B-Protocol
Server	I-Protocol
and	O
IIS	B-Application
server	I-Application
roles	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
MPIO	O
,	O
VMM	O
,	O
SCOM	B-General_Concept
,	O
DSC	O
push	O
mode	O
,	O
DCB	O
,	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
Installer	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
WMI	O
provider	O
for	O
Windows	O
Update	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
Recovery	O
Console	B-Device
supports	O
editing	O
and	O
repairing	O
the	O
network	O
configuration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerShell	I-Application
module	O
is	O
now	O
available	O
to	O
simplify	O
building	O
Nano	O
Server	B-Application
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hyper-V	O
Containers	B-Application
encapsulates	O
each	O
container	B-Application
in	O
a	O
light	O
weight	O
virtual	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
technical	O
preview	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
was	O
made	O
available	O
on	O
April	O
27	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nano	O
Server	B-Application
:	O
an	O
updated	O
module	O
for	O
building	O
Nano	O
Server	B-Application
images	O
,	O
including	O
more	O
separation	O
of	O
physical	O
host	O
and	O
guest	O
virtual	O
machine	O
functionality	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
support	O
for	O
different	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
editions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
a	O
distributed	O
firewall	O
and	O
Network	O
security	O
groups	O
,	O
this	O
enables	O
dynamically	O
segmented	O
and	O
secure	O
workloads	O
in	O
a	O
manner	O
similar	O
to	O
Azure	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
was	O
released	O
to	O
manufacturing	O
on	O
September	O
26	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
bearing	O
the	O
version	O
number	O
of	O
10.0.14393	O
(	O
same	O
as	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
Anniversary	O
Update	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
,	O
version	O
1709	O
(	O
version	O
shared	O
with	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
Fall	O
Creators	O
Update	O
)	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
17	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
has	O
dropped	O
the	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
name	O
and	O
is	O
just	O
called	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
by	O
Microsoft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
offered	O
to	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
Software	O
Assurance	O
customers	O
who	O
have	O
an	O
active	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2016	I-Device
license	O
and	O
has	O
the	O
same	O
system	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
product	O
to	O
fall	O
under	O
the	O
"	O
Semi-Annual	O
Channel	O
"	O
(	O
SAC	O
)	O
release	O
cadence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
product	O
only	O
features	O
the	O
Server	B-Application
Core	O
and	O
the	O
Nano	O
Server	B-Application
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Of	O
the	O
two	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
Server	B-Application
Core	O
mode	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
can	O
be	O
installed	O
on	O
a	O
bare	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nano	O
Server	B-Application
mode	O
is	O
only	O
available	O
as	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
container	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
,	O
version	O
1803	O
(	O
version	O
shared	O
with	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
April	O
2018	O
Update	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
second	O
Semi-Annual	O
Channel	O
release	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
final	O
version	O
to	O
be	O
branched	O
off	O
the	O
Server	B-Device
2016	I-Device
codebase	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
next	O
release	O
shares	O
the	O
version	O
number	O
1809	O
with	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2019	I-Device
.	O
</s>
