<s>
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
,	O
codenamed	O
"	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
7	I-Device
"	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
fifth	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
produced	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
released	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
family	I-Device
of	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
to	O
manufacturing	O
on	O
July	O
22	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
and	O
became	O
generally	O
available	O
on	O
October	O
22	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
shortly	O
after	O
the	O
completion	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
,	O
which	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
codebase	O
,	O
released	O
the	O
previous	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
succeeded	O
by	O
the	O
Windows	O
8-based	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2012	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Enhancements	O
in	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
include	O
new	O
functionality	O
for	O
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
,	O
new	O
virtualization	B-General_Concept
and	O
management	O
features	O
,	O
version	O
7.5	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	B-Application
Information	I-Application
Services	I-Application
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
and	O
support	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
256	O
logical	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
built	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
used	O
with	O
the	O
client-oriented	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
,	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
server	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
released	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
not	O
to	O
support	O
32-bit	O
processors	O
,	O
a	O
move	O
which	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
consumer-oriented	O
Windows	B-Application
11	I-Application
in	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
is	O
the	O
final	O
version	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
that	O
includes	O
Enterprise	O
and	O
Web	B-Application
Server	I-Application
editions	O
,	O
the	O
final	O
that	O
got	O
a	O
service	O
pack	O
from	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
the	O
final	O
version	O
that	O
supports	O
IA-64	B-General_Concept
and	O
processors	O
without	O
PAE	B-General_Concept
,	O
SSE2	B-General_Concept
and	O
NX	B-General_Concept
(	O
although	O
a	O
2018	O
update	O
dropped	O
support	O
for	O
non-SSE2	O
processors	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
's	O
successor	O
,	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2012	I-Device
,	O
requires	O
a	O
processor	O
with	O
PAE	B-General_Concept
,	O
SSE2	B-General_Concept
and	O
NX	B-General_Concept
in	O
any	O
supported	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Seven	O
editions	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
were	O
released	O
:	O
Foundation	O
,	O
Standard	O
,	O
Enterprise	O
,	O
Datacenter	O
,	O
Web	O
,	O
HPC	B-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
and	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Windows	O
Storage	O
Server	B-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
home	B-Application
server	I-Application
variant	O
called	O
Windows	O
Home	B-Application
Server	I-Application
2011	O
was	O
also	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
introduced	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
at	O
the	O
2008	O
Professional	O
Developers	O
Conference	O
as	O
the	O
server	B-Application
variant	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
7	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
a	O
beta	O
release	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
was	O
made	O
available	O
to	O
subscribers	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
TechNet	O
and	O
MSDN	O
programs	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
those	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
Connect	O
program	O
for	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
Blog	O
,	O
the	O
following	O
are	O
the	O
dates	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
2009	O
when	O
Microsoft	B-Device
Windows	I-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
available	O
to	O
various	O
distribution	O
channels	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
OEMs	O
received	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
in	O
English	O
and	O
all	O
language	O
packs	O
on	O
July	O
29	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Independent	B-Application
software	I-Application
vendor	I-Application
(	O
ISV	O
)	O
and	O
independent	B-Device
hardware	I-Device
vendor	I-Device
(	O
IHV	O
)	O
partners	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
download	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
from	O
MSDN	O
starting	O
on	O
August	O
14	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IT	O
professionals	O
with	O
TechNet	O
subscriptions	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
download	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
and	O
obtain	O
product	O
keys	O
for	O
English	O
,	O
French	O
,	O
German	O
,	O
Italian	O
,	O
and	O
Spanish	O
variants	O
beginning	O
August	O
14	O
and	O
all	O
remaining	O
languages	O
beginning	O
August	O
21	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developers	O
with	O
MSDN	O
subscriptions	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
download	O
and	O
obtain	O
product	O
keys	O
for	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
in	O
English	O
,	O
French	O
,	O
German	O
,	O
Italian	O
,	O
and	O
Spanish	O
starting	O
August	O
14	O
and	O
all	O
remaining	O
languages	O
starting	O
August	O
21	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
Partner	O
Program	O
(	O
MPP	O
)	O
gold/certified	O
members	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
download	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
through	O
the	O
MPP	O
portal	O
on	O
August	O
19	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Volume	B-License
licensing	I-License
customers	O
with	O
an	O
existing	O
Software	O
Assurance	O
(	O
SA	O
)	O
contracts	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
download	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
on	O
August	O
19	O
via	O
the	O
Volume	B-License
License	I-License
Service	O
Center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Volume	B-License
licensing	I-License
customers	O
without	O
an	O
SA	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
purchase	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
through	O
volume	B-License
licensing	I-License
by	O
September	O
1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
qualifying	O
students	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
download	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
Standard	O
edition	O
in	O
15	O
languages	O
from	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
Imagine	O
program	O
(	O
known	O
as	O
DreamSpark	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
has	O
announced	O
that	O
Server	B-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
will	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
version	O
of	O
Windows	O
supporting	O
the	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
architecture	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
extended	O
support	O
ending	O
earlier	O
than	O
for	O
x86-64	B-Device
editions	O
or	O
"	O
until	O
July	O
10	O
,	O
2018.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
new	O
virtualization	B-General_Concept
capabilities	O
(	O
Live	O
Migration	O
,	O
Cluster	O
Shared	O
Volumes	O
using	O
Failover	B-General_Concept
Clustering	I-General_Concept
and	O
Hyper-V	O
)	O
,	O
reduced	O
power	O
consumption	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
set	O
of	O
management	O
tools	O
and	O
new	O
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
capabilities	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
recycle	O
bin	O
"	O
for	O
deleted	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IIS	O
7.5	O
has	O
been	O
added	O
to	O
this	O
release	O
which	O
also	O
includes	O
updated	O
FTP	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Security	O
enhancements	O
include	O
encrypted	O
clientless	O
authenticated	O
VPN	O
services	O
through	O
DirectAccess	B-Application
for	O
clients	O
using	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
,	O
and	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
DNSSEC	B-Protocol
support	O
for	O
DNS	B-Protocol
Server	I-Protocol
Service	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
though	O
DNSSEC	B-Protocol
as	O
such	O
is	O
supported	O
,	O
only	O
one	O
signature	O
algorithm	O
is	O
available	O
:	O
#5	O
/RSA/SHA	O
-1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
many	O
zones	O
use	O
a	O
different	O
algorithm	O
–	O
including	O
the	O
root	B-Protocol
zone	I-Protocol
–	O
this	O
means	O
that	O
in	O
reality	O
Windows	O
still	O
ca	O
n't	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
recursive	O
resolver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DHCP	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
supports	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
enhancements	O
such	O
as	O
MAC	O
address-based	O
control	O
filtering	O
,	O
converting	O
active	O
leases	O
into	O
reservations	O
or	O
link	B-Protocol
layer	I-Protocol
based	O
filters	O
,	O
DHCppP	O
Name	O
protection	O
for	O
non-Windows	O
machines	O
to	O
prevent	O
name	O
squatting	O
,	O
better	O
performance	O
through	O
aggressive	O
lease	O
database	O
caching	O
,	O
DHCP	B-Protocol
activity	O
logging	O
,	O
auto-population	O
of	O
certain	O
network	O
interface	O
fields	O
,	O
a	O
wizard	O
for	O
split-scope	O
configuration	O
,	O
DHCP	B-Protocol
Server	I-Protocol
role	O
migration	O
using	O
WSMT	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
DHCPv6	O
Option	O
15	O
(	O
User	O
Class	O
)	O
and	O
Option	O
32	O
(	O
Information	O
Refresh	O
Time	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DHCP	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
runs	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
Network	O
Service	O
account	O
which	O
has	O
fewer	O
privileges	O
to	O
reduce	O
potential	O
damage	O
if	O
compromised	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
supports	O
up	O
to	O
64	O
physical	O
processors	O
or	O
up	O
to	O
256	O
logical	O
processors	O
per	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Only	O
the	O
Datacenter	O
and	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
editions	O
can	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
64	O
physical	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
deployed	O
in	O
a	O
file	O
server	B-Application
role	O
,	O
new	O
File	O
Classification	O
Infrastructure	O
services	O
allow	O
files	O
to	O
be	O
stored	O
on	O
designated	O
servers	O
in	O
the	O
enterprise	O
based	O
on	O
business	O
naming	O
conventions	O
,	O
relevance	O
to	O
business	O
processes	O
and	O
overall	O
corporate	O
policies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Server	B-Application
Core	O
includes	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Framework	I-Application
,	O
so	O
that	O
some	O
applications	O
(	O
including	O
ASP.NET	B-Application
web	O
sites	O
and	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerShell	I-Application
2.0	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Performance	O
improvement	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
area	O
of	O
focus	O
for	O
this	O
release	O
;	O
Microsoft	O
has	O
stated	O
that	O
work	O
was	O
done	O
to	O
decrease	O
boot	O
time	O
,	O
improve	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
I/O	O
operations	O
while	O
using	O
less	O
processing	O
power	O
,	O
and	O
generally	O
improve	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
storage	O
devices	O
,	O
especially	O
iSCSI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
has	O
several	O
new	O
features	O
when	O
raising	O
the	O
forest	O
and	O
domain	O
functional	O
levels	O
to	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
:	O
Two	O
added	O
features	O
are	O
Authentication	O
Mechanism	O
Assurance	O
and	O
Automatic	O
SPN	O
Management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
raising	O
the	O
forest	O
functional	O
level	O
,	O
the	O
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
recycle	O
bin	O
feature	O
is	O
available	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
enabled	O
using	O
the	O
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
Module	O
for	O
PowerShell	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
the	O
RTM	O
version	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
ended	O
on	O
April	O
9	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
13	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
exited	O
mainstream	O
support	O
and	O
entered	O
the	O
extended	O
support	O
phase	O
;	O
Microsoft	O
continued	O
to	O
provide	O
security	O
updates	O
every	O
month	O
for	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
,	O
however	O
,	O
free	O
technical	O
support	O
,	O
warranty	O
claims	O
,	O
and	O
design	O
changes	O
were	O
no	O
longer	O
offered	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extended	O
support	O
ended	O
on	O
January	O
14	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
about	O
ten	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
12	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
announced	O
a	O
paid	O
"	O
Extended	O
Security	O
Updates	O
"	O
service	O
that	O
will	O
offer	O
additional	O
updates	O
for	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
Standard	O
,	O
Enterprise	O
and	O
Datacenter	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
3	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
extended	O
support	O
,	O
lasting	O
until	O
January	O
10	O
,	O
2023	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2021	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
extended	O
ESU	O
support	O
for	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
until	O
January	O
9	O
,	O
2024	O
,	O
only	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Azure	I-Application
customers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ESU	O
support	O
for	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
systems	O
is	O
not	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2019	O
,	O
researchers	O
reported	O
that	O
"	O
all	O
modern	O
versions	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
"	O
may	O
be	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
"	O
critical	O
"	O
system	O
compromise	O
due	O
to	O
design	O
flaws	O
of	O
hardware	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
from	O
multiple	O
providers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
same	O
month	O
,	O
computer	O
experts	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
BlueKeep	O
security	O
vulnerability	O
,	O
,	O
that	O
potentially	O
affects	O
older	O
unpatched	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
versions	O
via	O
the	O
program	O
's	O
Remote	B-Protocol
Desktop	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
remote	O
code	O
execution	O
,	O
may	O
now	O
include	O
related	O
flaws	O
,	O
collectively	O
named	O
DejaBlue	O
,	O
affecting	O
newer	O
Windows	O
versions	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
and	O
all	O
recent	O
versions	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
experts	O
reported	O
a	O
Microsoft	O
security	O
vulnerability	O
,	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
legacy	B-Device
code	I-Device
involving	O
Microsoft	O
CTF	O
and	O
ctfmon	O
(	O
ctfmon.exe	O
)	O
,	O
that	O
affects	O
all	O
Windows	O
versions	O
from	O
the	O
older	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
version	I-Application
to	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
Windows	O
10	O
versions	O
;	O
a	O
patch	O
to	O
correct	O
the	O
flaw	O
is	O
currently	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
9	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
officially	O
released	O
Service	O
Pack	O
1	O
(	O
SP1	O
)	O
for	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
and	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
to	O
OEM	O
partners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dynamic	O
Memory	O
makes	O
it	O
possible	O
for	O
a	O
VM	O
to	O
only	O
allocate	O
as	O
much	O
physical	O
RAM	B-Architecture
as	O
is	O
needed	O
temporarily	O
for	O
its	O
execution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
16	O
,	O
SP1	O
became	O
available	O
for	O
MSDN	O
and	O
TechNet	O
subscribers	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
volume	B-License
licensing	I-License
customers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
for	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
are	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Computers	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
16GB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
require	O
more	O
disk	O
space	O
for	O
paging	O
and	O
dump	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
