<s>
Windows	B-Operating_System
HPC	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
2008	I-Operating_System
,	O
released	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
on	O
22	O
September	O
2008	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
successor	O
product	O
to	O
Windows	O
Compute	O
Cluster	O
Server	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
WCCS	O
,	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
HPC	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
2008	I-Operating_System
is	O
designed	O
for	O
high-end	O
applications	O
that	O
require	O
high	O
performance	O
computing	O
clusters	O
(	O
HPC	O
stands	O
for	O
High	O
Performance	O
Computing	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
features	O
unique	O
to	O
HPC	O
workloads	O
:	O
a	O
new	O
high-speed	O
NetworkDirect	O
RDMA	O
,	O
highly	O
efficient	O
and	O
scalable	O
cluster	O
management	O
tools	O
,	O
a	O
service-oriented	O
architecture	O
(	O
SOA	O
)	O
job	O
scheduler	O
,	O
an	O
MPI	B-Application
library	O
based	O
on	O
open-source	O
MPICH2	B-Library
,	O
and	O
cluster	O
interoperability	O
through	O
standards	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
High	O
Performance	O
Computing	O
Basic	O
Profile	O
(	O
HPCBP	O
)	O
specification	O
produced	O
by	O
the	O
Open	O
Grid	O
Forum	O
(	O
OGF	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2008	O
,	O
a	O
system	O
built	O
collaboratively	O
with	O
the	O
National	B-General_Concept
Center	I-General_Concept
for	I-General_Concept
Supercomputing	I-General_Concept
Applications	I-General_Concept
(	O
NCSA	O
)	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
ranked	O
#23	O
on	O
the	O
TOP500	B-Operating_System
list	O
,	O
a	O
ranking	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
fastest	B-Operating_System
supercomputers	I-Operating_System
,	O
with	O
a	O
LINPACK	B-Application
score	O
of	O
68.5	O
teraflops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
all	O
Windows	O
computers	O
have	O
dropped	O
off	O
the	O
TOP500	B-Operating_System
list	O
,	O
and	O
Linux	O
has	O
replaced	O
all	O
other	O
operating	O
systems	O
on	O
the	O
list	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
November	O
2008	O
rankings	O
,	O
published	O
by	O
TOP500	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
HPC	I-Operating_System
system	O
built	O
by	O
the	O
Shanghai	O
Supercomputer	O
Center	O
achieved	O
a	O
peak	O
performance	O
of	O
180.6	O
teraflops	O
and	O
was	O
ranked	O
#11	O
on	O
the	O
list	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2015	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
Windows	O
machine	O
left	O
on	O
the	O
list	O
(	O
dropped	O
off	O
later	O
)	O
then	O
ranked	O
436	O
,	O
just	O
barely	O
made	O
the	O
TOP500	B-Operating_System
(	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
Azure	I-Application
dropping	O
off	O
earlier	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Operating_System
HPC	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
2008	I-Operating_System
R2	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
HPC	O
Edition	O
(	O
codenamed	O
Windows	O
7	O
Server	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
R2	I-Device
,	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
20	O
September	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
HPC	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
2008	I-Operating_System
R2	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
released	O
HPC	O
Pack	O
2008	O
R2	O
in	O
four	O
flavors	O
:	O
Express	O
,	O
Enterprise	O
,	O
Workstation	O
and	O
Cycle	O
Harvesting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HPC	O
Pack	O
2012	O
can	O
be	O
installed	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
any	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2012	I-Device
Standard	O
or	O
Datacenter	O
.	O
</s>
