<s>
WinFS	B-Application
(	O
short	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
Future	I-Application
Storage	I-Application
)	O
was	O
the	O
code	B-General_Concept
name	I-General_Concept
for	O
a	O
canceled	O
data	O
storage	O
and	O
management	B-General_Concept
system	O
project	O
based	O
on	O
relational	B-Application
databases	I-Application
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
first	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
2003	O
as	O
an	O
advanced	O
storage	O
subsystem	O
for	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
designed	O
for	O
persistence	B-Application
and	O
management	B-General_Concept
of	O
structured	B-Application
,	O
semi-structured	B-General_Concept
and	O
unstructured	B-Application
data	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
includes	O
a	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
for	O
storage	O
of	O
information	O
,	O
and	O
allows	O
any	O
type	O
of	O
information	O
to	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
it	O
,	O
provided	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
well	O
defined	O
schema	B-Application
for	O
the	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Individual	O
data	O
items	O
could	O
then	O
be	O
related	B-Architecture
together	O
by	O
relationships	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
either	O
inferred	O
by	O
the	O
system	O
based	O
on	O
certain	O
attributes	O
or	O
explicitly	O
stated	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
data	O
has	O
a	O
well	O
defined	O
schema	B-Application
,	O
any	O
application	O
can	O
reuse	O
the	O
data	O
;	O
and	O
using	O
the	O
relationships	O
,	O
related	B-Architecture
data	O
can	O
be	O
effectively	O
organized	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
retrieved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
WinFS	B-Application
and	O
its	O
shared	O
type	O
schema	B-Application
make	O
it	O
possible	O
for	O
an	O
application	O
to	O
recognize	O
the	O
different	O
data	O
types	O
,	O
the	O
application	O
still	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
coded	O
to	O
render	O
the	O
different	O
data	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consequently	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
allow	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
application	O
that	O
can	O
view	O
or	O
edit	O
all	O
data	O
types	O
;	O
rather	O
,	O
what	O
WinFS	B-Application
enables	O
applications	O
to	O
do	O
is	O
understand	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
all	O
data	O
and	O
extract	O
the	O
information	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
use	O
further	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
WinFS	B-Application
was	O
introduced	O
at	O
the	O
2003	O
Professional	O
Developers	O
Conference	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
also	O
released	O
a	O
video	O
presentation	O
,	O
named	O
IWish	O
,	O
showing	O
mockup	O
interfaces	O
that	O
showed	O
how	O
applications	O
would	O
expose	O
interfaces	O
that	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
a	O
unified	O
type	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concepts	O
shown	O
in	O
the	O
video	O
ranged	O
from	O
applications	O
using	O
the	O
relationships	O
of	O
items	O
to	O
dynamically	O
offer	O
filtering	O
options	O
to	O
applications	O
grouping	O
multiple	O
related	B-Architecture
data	O
types	O
and	O
rendering	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
unified	O
presentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
was	O
billed	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
pillars	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Longhorn	O
"	O
wave	O
of	O
technologies	O
,	O
and	O
would	O
ship	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
next	O
version	O
of	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
subsequently	O
decided	O
that	O
WinFS	B-Application
would	O
ship	O
after	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
,	O
but	O
those	O
plans	O
were	O
shelved	O
in	O
June	O
2006	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
component	O
technologies	O
being	O
integrated	O
into	O
ADO.NET	B-Device
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
SQL	I-Application
Server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
filesystems	B-Application
found	O
on	O
common	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
including	O
the	O
NTFS	B-Application
filesystem	B-Application
which	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
modern	O
versions	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
store	O
files	O
and	O
other	O
objects	B-Language
only	O
as	O
a	O
stream	O
of	O
bytes	B-Application
,	O
and	O
have	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
data	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
also	O
provide	O
only	O
a	O
single	O
way	O
of	O
organizing	O
the	O
files	O
,	O
namely	O
via	O
directories	O
and	O
file	O
names	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
a	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
has	O
no	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
data	O
it	O
stores	O
,	O
applications	O
tend	O
to	O
use	O
their	O
own	O
,	O
often	O
proprietary	O
,	O
file	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
becomes	O
difficult	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
application	O
which	O
processes	B-Operating_System
information	O
from	O
multiple	O
file	O
types	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
programmers	O
have	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
semantics	B-Application
of	O
all	O
the	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
with	O
standardized	O
schema	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
XML	B-Protocol
documents	I-Protocol
and	O
relational	B-Application
data	I-Application
fare	O
better	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
standardized	O
structure	O
and	O
run-time	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
a	O
traditional	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
can	O
retrieve	O
and	O
search	O
data	O
based	O
only	O
on	O
the	O
filename	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
only	O
knowledge	O
it	O
has	O
about	O
the	O
data	O
is	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
files	O
that	O
store	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
attributes	O
can	O
be	O
recognizable	O
by	O
either	O
the	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
natively	O
,	O
or	O
via	O
some	O
extension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Desktop	B-Application
search	I-Application
applications	O
take	O
this	O
concept	O
a	O
step	O
further	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
this	O
still	O
does	O
not	O
help	O
in	O
managing	O
related	B-Architecture
data	O
,	O
as	O
disparate	O
items	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
relationships	O
defined	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
a	O
search	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
done	O
unless	O
it	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
data	B-Application
model	I-Application
which	O
has	O
both	O
the	O
semantics	B-Application
as	O
well	O
as	O
relationships	O
of	O
data	O
defined	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
aims	O
to	O
provide	O
such	O
a	O
data	B-Application
model	I-Application
and	O
the	O
runtime	O
infrastructure	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
store	O
the	O
data	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
relationships	O
between	O
data	O
items	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
data	B-Application
model	I-Application
,	O
doing	O
so	O
at	O
a	O
satisfactory	O
level	O
of	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
natively	O
recognizes	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
data	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
picture	O
,	O
e-mail	O
,	O
document	O
,	O
audio	O
,	O
video	O
,	O
calendar	O
,	O
contact	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
just	O
leaving	O
them	O
as	O
raw	O
unanalyzed	O
bytestreams	O
(	O
as	O
most	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
do	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
stored	O
and	O
managed	O
by	O
the	O
system	O
are	O
instances	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
type	O
recognized	O
by	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
runtime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	O
are	O
structured	B-Application
by	O
means	O
of	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
that	O
,	O
WinFS	B-Application
also	O
allows	O
different	O
data	O
instances	O
to	O
be	O
related	B-Architecture
together	O
;	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
document	O
and	O
a	O
contact	O
can	O
be	O
related	B-Architecture
by	O
an	O
Authored	O
By	O
relationship	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Relationships	O
are	O
also	O
exposed	O
as	O
properties	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
if	O
a	O
document	O
is	O
related	B-Architecture
to	O
a	O
contact	O
by	O
a	O
Created	O
By	O
relationship	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
document	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
Created	O
By	O
property	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
it	O
is	O
accessed	O
,	O
the	O
relationship	O
is	O
traversed	O
and	O
the	O
related	B-Architecture
data	O
returned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
following	O
the	O
relations	O
,	O
all	O
related	B-Architecture
data	O
can	O
be	O
reached	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
promotes	O
sharing	O
of	O
data	O
between	O
applications	O
by	O
making	O
the	O
data	O
types	O
accessible	O
to	O
all	O
applications	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
their	O
schemas	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
an	O
application	O
wants	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
WinFS	B-Application
type	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
use	O
the	O
schema	B-Application
to	O
find	O
the	O
data	O
structure	O
and	O
can	O
use	O
the	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
,	O
an	O
application	O
has	O
access	O
to	O
all	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
developer	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
write	O
parsers	B-Language
to	O
recognize	O
the	O
different	O
data	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
also	O
use	O
relationships	O
and	O
related	B-Architecture
data	O
to	O
create	O
dynamic	O
filters	O
to	O
present	O
the	O
information	O
the	O
application	O
deals	O
with	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WinFS	B-Application
API	B-Application
further	O
abstracts	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
accessing	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
WinFS	B-Application
types	O
are	O
exposed	O
as	O
.NET	B-Application
objects	B-Language
with	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
object	O
directly	O
mapping	O
to	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
by	O
letting	O
different	O
applications	O
that	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
data	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
WinFS	B-Application
data	O
instance	O
rather	O
than	O
storing	O
the	O
same	O
data	O
in	O
different	O
files	O
,	O
the	O
hassles	O
of	O
synchronizing	O
the	O
different	O
stores	O
when	O
the	O
data	O
change	O
are	O
removed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
WinFS	B-Application
can	O
reduce	O
redundancies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Access	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
the	O
system	O
allows	O
complex	O
searches	O
for	O
data	O
across	O
all	O
the	O
data	O
items	O
managed	O
by	O
WinFS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
example	O
used	O
above	O
(	O
"	O
the	O
phone	O
numbers	O
of	O
all	O
persons	O
who	O
live	O
in	O
Acapulco	O
and	O
each	O
have	O
more	O
than	O
100	O
appearances	O
in	O
my	O
photo	O
collection	O
and	O
with	O
whom	O
I	O
have	O
had	O
e-mail	O
within	O
last	O
month	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
WinFS	B-Application
can	O
traverse	O
the	O
subject	O
relationship	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
photos	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
contact	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
fully	O
schematized	O
data	O
(	O
like	O
XML	B-Protocol
and	O
relational	B-Application
data	I-Application
)	O
,	O
WinFS	B-Application
supports	O
semi-structured	B-General_Concept
data	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
images	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
an	O
unstructured	O
bitstream	O
plus	O
structured	B-Application
metadata	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
unstructured	B-Application
data	I-Application
(	O
such	O
as	O
files	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
stores	O
the	O
unstructured	O
components	O
as	O
files	O
while	O
storing	O
the	O
structured	B-Application
metadata	O
in	O
the	O
structured	B-Application
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internally	O
,	O
WinFS	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
to	O
manage	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
does	O
not	O
limit	O
the	O
data	O
to	O
belonging	O
to	O
any	O
particular	O
data	B-Application
model	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WinFS	B-Application
runtime	O
maps	B-General_Concept
the	O
schema	B-Application
to	O
a	O
relational	B-Application
modality	O
,	O
by	O
defining	O
the	O
tables	O
it	O
will	O
store	O
the	O
types	O
in	O
and	O
the	O
primary	B-Application
keys	I-Application
and	O
foreign	B-Application
keys	I-Application
that	O
would	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
relationships	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
includes	O
mappings	O
for	O
object	O
and	O
XML	B-Language
schemas	I-Language
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mappings	O
for	O
other	O
schemas	B-Application
must	O
be	O
specified	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Object	O
schemas	B-Application
are	O
specified	O
in	O
XML	B-Protocol
;	O
WinFS	B-Application
generates	O
code	O
to	O
surface	O
the	O
schemas	B-Application
as	O
.NET	B-Application
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ADO.NET	B-Device
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
directly	O
specify	O
the	O
relational	B-Application
schema	B-Application
,	O
though	O
a	O
mapping	O
to	O
the	O
object	O
schema	B-Application
must	O
be	O
provided	O
to	O
surface	O
it	O
as	O
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
also	O
automatically	O
creates	O
indexes	B-Data_Structure
on	O
these	O
tables	O
,	O
to	O
enable	O
fast	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indexing	O
speeds	O
up	O
joins	O
significantly	O
,	O
and	O
traversing	O
relationships	O
to	O
retrieve	O
related	B-Architecture
data	O
is	O
performed	O
very	O
fast	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indexes	B-Data_Structure
are	O
also	O
used	O
during	O
information	O
search	O
;	O
searching	O
and	O
querying	B-Language
use	O
the	O
indexes	B-Data_Structure
to	O
quickly	O
complete	O
the	O
operations	O
,	O
much	O
like	O
desktop	B-Application
search	I-Application
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
WinFS	B-Application
is	O
an	O
extension	O
to	O
a	O
feature	O
that	O
was	O
initially	O
planned	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dubbed	O
Object	B-Application
File	I-Application
System	I-Application
,	O
it	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
included	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Cairo	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OFS	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
have	O
powerful	O
data	O
aggregation	O
features	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Cairo	B-Application
project	O
was	O
shelved	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
it	O
OFS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
later	O
during	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
COM	B-Application
,	O
a	O
storage	O
system	O
,	O
called	O
Storage+	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
then-upcoming	O
SQL	B-Language
Server	O
8.0	O
,	O
was	O
planned	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
slated	O
to	O
offer	O
similar	O
aggregation	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
never	O
materialized	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
similar	O
technology	O
,	O
Relational	B-Application
File	B-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
RFS	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
conceived	O
to	O
be	O
launched	O
with	O
SQL	B-Language
Server	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
SQL	B-Language
Server	O
2000	O
ended	O
up	O
being	O
a	O
minor	O
upgrade	O
to	O
SQL	B-Language
Server	O
7.0	O
and	O
RFS	O
was	O
not	O
implemented	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
was	O
not	O
scrapped	O
,	O
and	O
served	O
as	O
the	O
base	O
for	O
WinFS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
was	O
initially	O
planned	O
for	O
inclusion	O
in	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
,	O
and	O
build	O
4051	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
,	O
then	O
called	O
by	O
its	O
codename	O
"	O
Longhorn	O
"	O
,	O
given	O
to	O
developers	O
at	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
Professional	O
Developers	O
Conference	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
included	O
WinFS	B-Application
,	O
but	O
it	O
suffered	O
from	O
significant	O
performance	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2004	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
announced	O
that	O
WinFS	B-Application
would	O
not	O
ship	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
;	O
it	O
would	O
instead	O
be	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
downloadable	O
update	O
after	O
Vista	B-Application
's	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
29	O
,	O
2005	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
quietly	O
made	O
Beta	O
1	O
of	O
WinFS	B-Application
available	O
to	O
MSDN	O
subscribers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
worked	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
,	O
and	O
required	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Framework	I-Application
to	O
run	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WinFS	B-Application
API	B-Application
was	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
System.Storage	O
namespace	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
beta	O
was	O
refreshed	O
on	O
December	O
1	O
,	O
2005	O
to	O
be	O
compatible	O
with	O
version	O
2.0	O
of	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Framework	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
Beta	O
2	O
was	O
planned	O
for	O
some	O
time	O
later	O
in	O
2006	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
include	O
integration	O
with	O
Windows	O
Desktop	B-Application
Search	I-Application
,	O
so	O
that	O
search	O
results	O
include	O
results	O
from	O
both	O
regular	O
files	O
and	O
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
allow	O
access	O
of	O
WinFS	B-Application
data	O
using	O
ADO.NET	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
23	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
team	O
at	O
Microsoft	O
announced	O
that	O
WinFS	B-Application
would	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
delivered	O
as	O
a	O
separate	O
product	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
components	O
would	O
be	O
brought	O
under	O
the	O
umbrella	O
of	O
other	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
the	O
principle	O
features	O
Microsoft	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
with	O
WinFS	B-Application
included	O
a	O
pane	O
for	O
metadata	O
property	O
editing	O
,	O
breadcrumb-based	O
property	O
navigation	O
,	O
filtering	O
or	O
stacking	O
items	O
over	O
properties	O
,	O
incremental	B-Application
search	I-Application
,	O
and	O
saved	O
searches	O
;	O
these	O
features	O
were	O
incorporated	O
in	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Query	B-Language
composition	O
,	O
a	O
feature	O
of	O
WinFS	B-Application
that	O
allowed	O
users	O
to	O
perform	O
additional	O
searches	O
that	O
reuse	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
previous	O
query	B-Language
,	O
was	O
later	O
incorporated	O
in	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
uses	O
of	O
the	O
technology	O
are	O
the	O
object-relational	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
components	O
into	O
ADO.NET	B-Device
Entity	O
Framework	O
;	O
support	O
for	O
unstructured	B-Application
data	I-Application
,	O
adminless	O
mode	O
of	O
operation	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
objects	B-Language
via	O
the	O
FILESTREAM	O
data	O
type	O
,	O
and	O
hierarchical	O
data	O
in	O
SQL	B-Language
Server	O
2008	O
,	O
then	O
codenamed	O
Katmai	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
integration	O
with	O
Win32	B-Library
APIs	I-Library
and	O
Windows	B-Application
Shell	I-Application
and	O
support	O
for	O
traversal	O
of	O
hierarchies	O
by	O
traversing	O
relationships	O
into	O
later	O
releases	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
SQL	I-Application
Server	I-Application
;	O
and	O
the	O
synchronization	O
components	O
into	O
Microsoft	B-Device
Sync	I-Device
Framework	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
Bill	O
Gates	O
cited	O
WinFS	B-Application
as	O
his	O
greatest	O
disappointment	O
at	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
WinFS	B-Application
was	O
ahead	O
of	O
its	O
time	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
re-emerge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
relational	B-Application
engine	O
,	O
which	O
derives	O
from	O
SQL	B-Language
Server	O
2005	O
,	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
data-relations	O
mechanism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
are	O
simply	O
SQL	B-Language
Server	O
database	O
(	O
.MDF	O
)	O
files	O
with	O
the	O
FILESTREAM	O
attribute	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
files	O
are	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
access-restricted	O
folder	O
named	O
"	O
System	O
Volume	O
Information	O
"	O
(	O
placed	O
in	O
the	O
volume	O
root	O
)	O
,	O
in	O
folders	O
under	O
the	O
folder	O
"	O
WinFS	B-Application
"	O
with	O
names	O
of	O
GUIDs	O
of	O
these	O
stores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
stack	O
lies	O
WinFS	B-Application
Core	O
,	O
which	O
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
filesystem	B-Application
and	O
provides	O
file-access	O
and	O
-addressing	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
relational	B-Application
engine	O
leverages	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
core	O
services	O
to	O
present	O
a	O
structured	B-Application
store	O
and	O
other	O
services	O
such	O
as	O
locking	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
runtime	O
uses	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WinFS	B-Application
runtime	O
exposes	O
services	O
such	O
as	O
Synchronization	O
and	O
Rules	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
synchronize	O
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
or	O
perform	O
certain	O
actions	O
on	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
certain	O
events	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
runs	O
as	O
a	O
service	O
that	O
runs	O
three	O
processes	B-Operating_System
:	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
programmatic	O
access	O
to	O
its	O
features	O
via	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
.NET	B-Application
Framework	I-Application
APIs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
data	O
in	O
relational	B-Application
stores	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
exposed	O
as	O
virtual	O
locations	O
called	O
stores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
WinFS	B-Application
store	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
repository	O
where	O
any	O
application	O
can	O
store	O
data	O
along	O
with	O
its	O
metadata	O
,	O
relationships	O
and	O
schema	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
runtime	O
can	O
apply	O
certain	O
relationships	O
itself	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
the	O
subject	O
property	O
of	O
a	O
picture	O
and	O
the	O
name	O
property	O
of	O
a	O
contact	O
are	O
same	O
,	O
then	O
WinFS	B-Application
can	O
relate	O
the	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
picture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
provides	O
unified	O
storage	O
,	O
but	O
stops	O
short	O
of	O
defining	O
the	O
format	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
data	O
stores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
applications	O
must	O
provide	O
a	O
schema	B-Application
that	O
defines	O
how	O
the	O
file	O
format	O
should	O
be	O
interpreted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
schema	B-Application
could	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
allow	O
WinFS	B-Application
to	O
understand	O
how	O
to	O
read	O
and	O
thus	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
search	O
and	O
analyze	O
,	O
(	O
say	O
)	O
a	O
PDF	B-Application
file	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
using	O
the	O
schema	B-Application
,	O
any	O
application	O
can	O
read	O
data	O
from	O
any	O
other	O
application	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
also	O
allows	O
different	O
applications	O
to	O
write	O
in	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
format	O
by	O
sharing	O
the	O
schema	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
can	O
be	O
created	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
,	O
by	O
default	O
,	O
provides	O
only	O
one	O
store	O
,	O
named	O
"	O
DefaultStore	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
are	O
exposed	O
as	O
shell	B-Application
objects	B-Language
,	O
akin	O
to	O
Virtual	O
folders	O
,	O
which	O
dynamically	O
generate	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
all	O
items	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
store	O
and	O
present	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
folder	O
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
shell	B-Application
object	O
also	O
allows	O
searching	O
information	O
in	O
the	O
datastore	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
data	O
unit	O
that	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
WinFS	B-Application
store	O
is	O
called	O
a	O
WinFS	B-Application
Item	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
WinFS	B-Application
item	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
core	O
data	O
item	O
,	O
also	O
contains	O
information	O
on	O
how	O
the	O
data	O
item	O
is	O
related	B-Architecture
to	O
other	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Links	O
specify	O
which	O
other	O
data	O
items	O
the	O
current	O
item	O
is	O
related	B-Architecture
with	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
the	O
objects	B-Language
that	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
link	O
ID	O
are	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
related	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
XML	B-Language
schema	I-Language
,	O
defining	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
items	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
WinFS	B-Application
,	O
must	O
be	O
supplied	O
to	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
runtime	O
beforehand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Beta	O
1	O
of	O
WinFS	B-Application
,	O
the	O
schema	B-Application
assembly	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
GAC	O
before	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
models	O
data	O
using	O
the	O
data	O
items	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
their	O
relationships	O
,	O
extensions	O
and	O
rules	O
governing	O
its	O
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
needs	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
type	O
and	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
items	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
information	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
data	O
item	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
available	O
to	O
any	O
application	O
that	O
requests	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
done	O
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
schemas	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
every	O
type	O
of	O
data	O
item	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
WinFS	B-Application
,	O
a	O
corresponding	O
schema	B-Application
needs	O
to	O
be	O
provided	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
type	O
,	O
structure	O
and	O
associations	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
schemas	B-Application
are	O
defined	O
using	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Predefined	O
WinFS	B-Application
schemas	B-Application
include	O
schemas	B-Application
for	O
documents	O
,	O
e-mail	O
,	O
appointments	O
,	O
tasks	O
,	O
media	O
,	O
audio	O
,	O
video	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
includes	O
system	O
schemas	B-Application
that	O
include	O
configuration	O
,	O
programs	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
system-related	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Custom	O
schemas	B-Application
can	O
be	O
defined	O
on	O
a	O
per-application	O
basis	O
,	O
in	O
situations	O
where	O
an	O
application	O
wants	O
to	O
store	O
its	O
data	O
in	O
WinFS	B-Application
,	O
but	O
not	O
share	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
that	O
data	O
with	O
other	O
applications	O
,	O
or	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
available	O
across	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
important	O
difference	O
between	O
a	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
and	O
WinFS	B-Application
is	O
that	O
WinFS	B-Application
knows	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
each	O
data	O
item	O
that	O
it	O
stores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WinFS	B-Application
type	O
system	O
is	O
closely	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
framework	I-Application
's	O
concept	O
of	O
classes	B-Language
and	I-Language
inheritance	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
type	O
can	O
be	O
created	O
by	O
extending	B-Language
and	O
nesting	O
any	O
predefined	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
provides	O
four	O
predefined	O
base	O
types	O
Items	O
,	O
Relationships	O
,	O
ScalarTypes	O
and	O
NestedTypes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
all	O
WinFS	B-Application
items	O
must	O
have	O
a	O
type	O
,	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
item	O
stored	O
defines	O
its	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
WinFS	B-Application
types	O
are	O
made	O
available	O
as	O
.NET	B-Application
CLR	O
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
object	O
represented	O
as	O
a	O
data	O
unit	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
contact	O
,	O
image	O
,	O
video	O
,	O
document	O
etc.	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
WinFS	B-Application
store	O
as	O
a	O
specialization	O
of	O
the	O
Item	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
WinFS	B-Application
provides	O
Item	O
types	O
for	O
Files	O
,	O
Contact	O
,	O
Documents	O
,	O
Pictures	O
,	O
Audio	O
,	O
Video	O
,	O
Calendar	O
,	O
and	O
Messages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
File	O
Item	O
can	O
store	O
any	O
generic	O
data	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
stored	O
in	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
as	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
unless	O
an	O
advanced	O
schema	B-Application
is	O
provided	O
for	O
the	O
file	O
,	O
by	O
defining	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
specialized	O
Item	O
,	O
WinFS	B-Application
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
access	O
its	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
a	O
file	O
Item	O
can	O
only	O
support	O
being	O
related	B-Architecture
to	O
other	O
Items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
the	O
type	O
is	O
defined	O
,	O
a	O
schema	B-Application
has	O
to	O
be	O
defined	O
,	O
which	O
denotes	O
the	O
primitive	O
type	O
of	O
each	O
field	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
Name	O
field	O
is	O
a	O
String	O
,	O
the	O
Address	O
field	O
is	O
a	O
custom	O
defined	O
Address	O
class	O
,	O
both	O
the	O
fields	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
Strings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
primitive	O
types	O
that	O
WinFS	B-Application
supports	O
are	O
Integer	O
,	O
Byte	B-Application
,	O
Decimal	O
,	O
Float	O
,	O
Double	O
,	O
Boolean	O
and	O
DateTime	O
,	O
among	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
schema	B-Application
will	O
also	O
define	O
which	O
fields	O
are	O
mandatory	O
and	O
which	O
are	O
optional	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
creates	O
tables	O
for	O
all	O
defined	O
Items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
schema	B-Application
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
specifies	O
which	O
tables	O
are	O
involved	O
and	O
what	O
the	O
kind	O
and	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
is	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WinFS	B-Application
runtime	O
manages	O
the	O
relationship	O
schemas	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
Items	O
are	O
exposed	O
as	O
.NET	B-Application
CLR	O
objects	B-Language
,	O
with	O
a	O
uniform	O
interface	O
providing	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
data	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
fields	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
types	O
are	O
exposed	O
as	O
.NET	B-Application
classes	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
instantiated	O
as	O
.NET	B-Application
objects	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
done	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
persisted	O
into	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
WinFS	B-Application
store	O
is	O
accessed	O
using	O
an	O
ItemContext	O
class	O
(	O
see	O
Data	O
retrieval	O
section	O
for	O
details	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ItemContext	O
allows	O
transactional	B-General_Concept
access	O
to	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
store	O
;	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
code	O
snippet	O
,	O
written	O
in	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
creates	O
a	O
contact	O
and	O
stores	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
WinFS	B-Application
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
datum	O
can	O
be	O
related	B-Architecture
to	O
one	O
more	O
item	O
,	O
giving	O
rise	O
to	O
a	O
one-to-one	O
relationship	O
,	O
or	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
items	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
one-to-many	O
relationship	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
related	B-Architecture
items	O
,	O
in	O
turn	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
related	B-Architecture
to	O
other	O
data	O
items	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
network	O
of	O
relationships	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
called	O
a	O
many-to-many	O
relationship	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Creating	O
a	O
relationship	O
between	O
two	O
Items	O
creates	O
another	O
field	O
in	O
the	O
data	O
of	O
the	O
Items	O
concerned	O
which	O
refer	O
the	O
row	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
Item	O
's	O
table	O
where	O
the	O
related	B-Architecture
object	O
is	O
stored	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
WinFS	B-Application
,	O
a	O
Relationship	O
is	O
an	O
instance	O
of	O
the	O
base	O
type	O
Relationship	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
extended	O
to	O
signify	O
a	O
specialization	O
of	O
a	O
relation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
provides	O
three	O
types	O
of	O
primitive	O
relationships	O
–	O
Holding	O
Relationship	O
,	O
Reference	O
Relationship	O
and	O
Embedding	O
Relationship	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Relationships	O
between	O
two	O
Items	O
can	O
either	O
be	O
set	O
programmatically	O
by	O
the	O
application	O
creating	O
the	O
data	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
use	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
Item	O
Browser	O
to	O
manually	O
relate	O
the	O
Items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
WinFS	B-Application
item	O
browser	O
can	O
also	O
graphically	O
display	O
the	O
items	O
and	O
how	O
they	O
are	O
related	B-Architecture
,	O
to	O
enable	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
know	O
how	O
their	O
data	O
are	O
organized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
includes	O
Rules	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
executed	O
when	O
a	O
certain	O
condition	O
is	O
met	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
rules	O
work	O
on	O
data	O
and	O
data	O
relationships	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
rules	O
can	O
also	O
access	O
any	O
external	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
rules	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
add	O
new	O
properties	O
fields	O
to	O
existing	O
data	O
Items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
rules	O
are	O
also	O
exposed	O
as	O
.NET	B-Application
CLR	O
objects	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
supports	O
creating	O
Rich	O
Application	O
Views	O
(	O
RAV	O
)	O
by	O
aggregating	O
different	O
data	O
in	O
a	O
virtual	O
table	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
database	B-Language
view	I-Language
,	O
where	O
each	O
individual	O
element	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
a	O
scalar	O
value	O
,	O
RAVs	O
can	O
have	O
complex	O
Items	O
or	O
even	O
collections	O
of	O
Items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAVs	O
are	O
intrinsically	O
paged	O
(	O
dividing	O
the	O
entire	O
set	O
of	O
data	O
into	O
smaller	O
pages	O
containing	O
disconnected	O
subsets	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
)	O
by	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
runtime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
page	O
size	O
is	O
defined	O
during	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
view	O
and	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
API	B-Application
exposes	O
methods	O
to	O
iterate	O
over	O
the	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
uses	O
the	O
Windows	O
authentication	O
system	O
to	O
provide	O
two	O
data	O
protection	O
mechanisms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
share-level	O
security	O
that	O
controls	O
access	O
to	O
your	O
WinFS	B-Application
share	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
Vista	B-Application
there	O
is	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
"	O
integrity	O
level	O
"	O
for	O
an	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
mode	O
of	O
data	O
retrieval	O
from	O
a	O
WinFS	B-Application
store	O
is	O
querying	B-Language
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
store	O
according	O
to	O
some	O
criteria	O
,	O
which	O
returns	O
an	O
enumerable	O
set	O
of	O
items	O
matching	O
the	O
criteria	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
criteria	O
for	O
the	O
query	B-Language
is	O
specified	O
using	O
the	O
OPath	O
query	B-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
returned	O
data	O
are	O
made	O
available	O
as	O
instances	O
of	O
the	O
type	O
schemas	B-Application
,	O
conforming	O
to	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
object	B-Language
model	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	O
in	O
them	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
by	O
accessing	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
individual	O
objects	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
WinFS	B-Application
Item	O
has	O
two	O
properties	O
,	O
named	O
IncomingRelationships	O
and	O
OutgoingRelationships	O
,	O
which	O
provide	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
relationship	O
instances	O
the	O
item	O
participates	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
data	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
using	O
its	O
description	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
location	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
provide	O
end-user	O
organizational	O
capabilities	O
without	O
limiting	O
to	O
the	O
hierarchical	O
organization	O
as	O
used	O
in	O
file-systems	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
each	O
file	O
or	O
folder	O
is	O
contained	O
in	O
only	O
one	O
folder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
WinFS	B-Application
Items	O
can	O
participate	O
in	O
any	O
number	O
of	O
holding	O
relationships	O
,	O
that	O
too	O
with	O
any	O
other	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
legacy	O
compatibility	O
,	O
WinFS	B-Application
includes	O
a	O
pseudo-type	O
called	O
Folder	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
present	O
only	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
holding	O
relationships	O
and	O
emulate	O
file/folder	O
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
any	O
WinFS	B-Application
Item	O
can	O
be	O
related	B-Architecture
with	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
Folder	O
item	O
,	O
from	O
an	O
end	O
user	O
perspective	O
,	O
an	O
item	O
can	O
reside	O
in	O
multiple	O
folders	O
without	O
duplicating	O
the	O
actual	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
can	O
also	O
analyze	O
the	O
relationship	O
graphs	B-Application
to	O
present	O
various	O
filters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
an	O
email	O
application	O
can	O
analyze	O
the	O
related	B-Architecture
contacts	O
and	O
the	O
relationships	O
of	O
the	O
contacts	O
with	O
restaurant	O
bills	O
and	O
dynamically	O
generate	O
filters	O
like	O
"	O
Emails	O
sent	O
to	O
people	O
I	O
had	O
lunch	O
with	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WinFS	B-Application
API	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
class	O
called	O
the	O
ItemContext	O
class	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
bound	O
to	O
a	O
WinFS	B-Application
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
provides	O
transactional	B-General_Concept
access	O
to	O
the	O
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
object	O
of	O
this	O
class	O
can	O
then	O
spawn	O
an	O
ItemSearcher	O
object	O
which	O
then	O
takes	O
the	O
type	O
(	O
an	O
object	O
representing	O
the	O
type	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
item	O
to	O
be	O
retrieved	O
or	O
the	O
relationship	O
and	O
the	O
OPath	O
query	B-Language
string	O
representing	O
the	O
criteria	O
for	O
the	O
search	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Related	B-Architecture
items	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
accessed	O
through	O
the	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
relationship	O
objects	B-Language
expose	O
the	O
other	O
item	O
via	O
a	O
property	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
a	O
picture	O
is	O
related	B-Architecture
to	O
a	O
picture	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
by	O
traversing	O
the	O
relationship	O
as	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
OPath	O
query	B-Language
string	O
allows	O
to	O
express	O
the	O
parameters	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
queried	O
for	O
to	O
be	O
specified	O
using	O
Item	O
properties	O
,	O
embedded	O
Items	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Relationships	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
boolean	O
and	O
relational	B-Application
operations	O
can	O
be	O
specified	O
using	O
C#	B-Application
like	O
&&	O
,	O
||	O
,	O
=	O
,	O
!=	O
operators	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
their	O
English-like	O
equivalent	O
like	O
EQUAL	O
,	O
NOT	O
EQUAL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SQL	B-Language
like	O
operators	O
such	O
as	O
LIKE	O
,	O
GROUP	O
BY	O
and	O
ORDER	O
BY	O
are	O
also	O
supported	O
,	O
as	O
are	O
wildcard	O
conditions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
,	O
"	O
title	O
LIKE	O
'	O
any*	O
 '	O
"	O
is	O
a	O
valid	O
query	B-Language
string	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
above	O
code	O
snippet	O
creates	O
an	O
ItemSearcher	O
object	O
that	O
searches	O
on	O
the	O
OutContactRelationship	O
instance	O
that	O
relates	O
pictures	O
and	O
contacts	O
,	O
in	O
effect	O
searching	O
all	O
pictures	O
related	B-Architecture
with	O
a	O
contact	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
then	O
runs	O
the	O
query	B-Language
Name	O
LIKE	O
'	O
A*	O
 '	O
"	O
on	O
all	O
contacts	O
reachable	O
through	O
OutContactRelationship	O
,	O
returning	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
"	O
contacts	O
whose	O
names	O
start	O
with	O
A	O
and	O
whose	O
pictures	O
I	O
have	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Further	O
,	O
a	O
natural	O
language	O
query	B-Language
processor	O
,	O
which	O
parses	O
query	B-Language
in	O
natural	O
language	O
and	O
creates	O
a	O
well-formed	O
OPath	O
query	B-Language
string	O
to	O
search	O
via	O
proper	O
relationships	O
,	O
can	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
make	O
searches	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
find	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
wine	O
I	O
had	O
with	O
person	O
X	O
last	O
month	O
"	O
,	O
provided	O
financial	O
management	B-General_Concept
applications	O
are	O
using	O
WinFS	B-Application
to	O
store	O
bills	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
when	O
a	O
search	O
is	O
made	O
that	O
encompasses	O
multiple	O
relations	O
,	O
the	O
different	O
sets	O
of	O
data	O
are	O
retrieved	O
individually	O
and	O
a	O
union	B-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
different	O
sets	O
is	O
computed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
includes	O
better	O
support	O
for	O
handling	O
data	O
that	O
changes	O
frequently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
WinFS	B-Application
Notifications	O
,	O
applications	O
choose	O
to	O
be	O
notified	O
of	O
changes	O
to	O
selected	O
data	O
Items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
will	O
raise	O
an	O
ItemChangedEvent	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Event	O
model	O
,	O
when	O
a	O
subscribed-to	O
Item	O
changes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
event	O
will	O
be	O
published	O
to	O
the	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
includes	O
an	O
Information	O
Agent	O
feature	O
for	O
the	O
management	B-General_Concept
,	O
retrieval	O
,	O
and	O
storage	O
of	O
end-user	O
notification	O
rules	O
and	O
preferences	O
for	O
changes	O
to	O
items	O
in	O
the	O
data	O
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
Information	O
Agent	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
automatically	O
define	O
relations	O
to	O
new	O
items	O
based	O
on	O
events	O
such	O
as	O
appointments	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
example	O
being	O
that	O
appointments	O
can	O
be	O
related	B-Architecture
to	O
photos	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
dates	O
the	O
photos	O
were	O
taken	O
,	O
enabling	O
queries	O
for	O
birthdays	O
or	O
holidays	O
without	O
needing	O
to	O
know	O
the	O
actual	O
dates	O
of	O
such	O
events	O
(	O
"	O
find	O
all	O
photos	O
taken	O
on	O
this	O
birthday	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Information	O
Agent	O
can	O
also	O
forward	O
notifications	O
to	O
other	O
devices	O
(	O
"	O
if	O
I	O
receive	O
a	O
high	O
priority	O
email	O
from	O
my	O
boss	O
,	O
send	O
a	O
notification	O
to	O
my	O
phone	O
"	O
)	O
and	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
Rules	O
and	O
Alerts	O
functionality	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Outlook	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
allows	O
easy	O
sharing	O
of	O
data	O
between	O
applications	O
,	O
and	O
among	O
multiple	O
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
reside	O
on	O
different	O
computers	O
,	O
by	O
copying	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
WinFS	B-Application
item	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
copied	O
to	O
a	O
non-WinFS	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
but	O
unless	O
that	O
data	O
item	O
is	O
put	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
store	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
not	O
support	O
the	O
advanced	O
services	O
provided	O
by	O
WinFS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WinFS	B-Application
API	B-Application
also	O
provides	O
some	O
support	O
for	O
sharing	O
with	O
non-WinFS	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
exposes	O
a	O
shell	B-Application
object	O
to	O
access	O
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
object	O
maps	B-General_Concept
WinFS	B-Application
items	O
to	O
a	O
virtual	O
folder	O
hierarchy	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
by	O
any	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Virtual	O
folders	O
can	O
automatically	O
share	O
new	O
content	O
referenced	O
by	O
the	O
query	B-Language
with	O
users	O
(	O
a	O
virtual	O
folder	O
for	O
"	O
all	O
vacation	O
photos	O
"	O
can	O
automatically	O
share	O
new	O
items	O
returned	O
by	O
this	O
query	B-Language
with	O
users	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
data	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
manually	O
shared	O
using	O
network	B-General_Concept
shares	I-General_Concept
,	O
by	O
sharing	O
the	O
legacy	O
shell	B-Application
object	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Non-WinFS	O
file	O
formats	O
can	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
File	O
Item	O
,	O
provided	O
by	O
WinFS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Importers	O
can	O
be	O
written	O
,	O
to	O
convert	O
specific	O
file	O
formats	O
to	O
WinFS	B-Application
Item	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
WinFS	B-Application
provides	O
services	O
to	O
automatically	O
synchronize	O
items	O
in	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
,	O
subject	O
to	O
some	O
predefined	O
condition	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
share	O
only	O
photos	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
share	O
photos	O
that	O
have	O
an	O
associated	O
contact	O
X	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
synchronization	O
,	O
WinFS	B-Application
finds	O
the	O
new	O
and	O
modified	O
Items	O
,	O
and	O
updates	O
accordingly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
changes	O
conflict	O
,	O
WinFS	B-Application
can	O
either	O
resort	O
to	O
automatic	O
resolution	O
based	O
on	O
predefined	O
rules	O
,	O
or	O
defer	O
the	O
synchronization	O
for	O
manual	O
resolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
also	O
updates	O
the	O
schemas	B-Application
,	O
if	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
Beta	O
1	O
includes	O
a	O
shell	B-Application
namespace	O
extension	O
,	O
which	O
surfaces	O
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
as	O
top	O
level	O
objects	B-Language
in	O
My	O
Computer	O
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
uses	O
Importer	O
plug-ins	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
files	O
as	O
they	O
were	O
being	O
imported	O
to	O
the	O
store	O
and	O
create	O
proper	O
WinFS	B-Application
schemas	B-Application
and	O
objects	B-Language
,	O
and	O
when	O
taking	O
the	O
objects	B-Language
out	O
,	O
re-pack	O
them	O
into	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
Rave	O
is	O
an	O
application	O
that	O
shipped	O
with	O
WinFS	B-Application
Beta	O
1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
synchronization	O
of	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
,	O
and	O
supports	O
synchronization	O
in	O
full	O
mesh	O
mode	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
central	O
hub	O
topology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
WinFS	B-Application
Beta	O
1	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
included	O
an	O
unsupported	O
application	O
called	O
StoreSpy	O
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
one	O
to	O
browse	O
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
by	O
presenting	O
a	O
hierarchical	O
view	O
of	O
WinFS	B-Application
Items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
application	O
also	O
presented	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
view	O
of	O
WinFS	B-Application
Rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
project	O
was	O
cut	O
back	O
before	O
it	O
could	O
materialize	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
also	O
includes	O
another	O
application	O
,	O
named	O
WinFS	B-Application
Type	O
Browser	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
browse	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
types	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
visualize	O
the	O
hierarchical	O
relationship	O
between	O
WinFS	B-Application
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
WinFS	B-Application
type	O
,	O
both	O
built-in	O
types	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
custom	O
schemas	B-Application
,	O
can	O
be	O
visualized	O
along	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
properties	O
and	O
methods	O
that	O
it	O
supports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
shows	O
the	O
types	O
that	O
it	O
derives	O
from	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
types	O
that	O
extend	O
the	O
type	O
schema	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
while	O
it	O
was	O
included	O
with	O
WinFS	B-Application
,	O
it	O
was	O
released	O
as	O
an	O
unsupported	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WinFS	B-Application
Beta	O
1	O
also	O
includes	O
an	O
unsupported	O
application	O
,	O
named	O
OPather	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
presents	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
interface	I-Application
for	O
writing	O
Opath	O
queries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
selecting	O
target	O
object	O
type	O
and	O
specifying	O
the	O
parameters	O
of	O
the	O
query	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
includes	O
Intellisense-like	O
parameter	O
completion	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
then	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
perform	O
visualization	O
tasks	O
like	O
binding	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
query	B-Language
to	O
a	O
DataGrid	O
control	O
,	O
create	O
views	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
WinFS	B-Application
itself	O
,	O
or	O
just	O
extract	O
the	O
query	B-Language
string	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
launched	O
a	O
project	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
data	O
visualization	O
application	O
for	O
WinFS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
codenamed	O
"	O
Project	O
Orange	O
"	O
and	O
was	O
supposedly	O
built	O
using	O
Windows	B-Device
Presentation	I-Device
Foundation	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
provide	O
exploration	O
of	O
Items	O
stored	O
in	O
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
,	O
and	O
data	O
relationships	O
were	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
prominent	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
navigation	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
let	O
people	O
allow	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
stores	O
graphically	O
as	O
well	O
–	O
productizing	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
concepts	O
shown	O
in	O
the	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
WinFS	B-Application
project	O
went	O
dark	O
,	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
this	O
project	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O
</s>
