<s>
Wisdom	O
(	O
Whitewater	B-General_Concept
Interactive	I-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
Development	I-General_Concept
with	I-General_Concept
Object	I-General_Concept
Models	I-General_Concept
)	O
is	O
a	O
software	O
development	O
process	O
and	O
method	O
to	O
design	O
software-intensive	O
interactive	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
object	O
modelling	O
,	O
and	O
focuses	O
human-computer	O
interaction	O
(	O
HCI	O
)	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
model	O
the	O
software	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
of	O
the	O
system	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
focus	O
on	O
HCI	O
while	O
being	O
architecture-centric	O
places	O
Wisdom	O
as	O
a	O
pioneer	O
method	O
within	O
human-centered	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wisdom	O
was	O
conceived	O
by	O
Nuno	O
Nunes	O
and	O
first	O
published	O
in	O
the	O
years	O
1999-2000	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
close	O
the	O
gaps	O
of	O
existing	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
methods	O
regarding	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notably	O
,	O
the	O
Wisdom	O
method	O
identifies	O
for	O
each	O
use	B-Architecture
case	I-Architecture
the	O
tasks	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
,	O
the	O
interaction	O
spaces	O
of	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
system	O
responsibilities	O
that	O
support	O
that	O
user	O
activity	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
complemented	O
with	O
the	O
data	O
entities	O
used	O
in	O
each	O
case	O
,	O
completing	O
a	O
usable	O
software	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
,	O
an	O
MVC	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
relevant	O
contribution	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
effort	O
estimation	O
of	O
software	O
development	O
,	O
the	O
iUCP	O
method	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
based	O
in	O
traditional	O
UCP	O
method	O
leveling	O
the	O
estimation	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
predicted	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
comparison	O
study	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
using	O
both	O
methods	O
,	O
revealing	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
positive	O
effect	O
in	O
the	O
usage	O
of	O
iUCP	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
UCP	O
when	O
considering	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
design	O
,	O
a	O
recurrent	O
situation	O
in	O
nowadays	O
software	O
systems	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
