<s>
Web	B-Application
operations	I-Application
(	O
WebOps	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
domain	O
of	O
expertise	O
within	O
IT	O
systems	O
management	O
that	O
involves	O
the	O
deployment	O
,	O
operation	O
,	O
maintenance	O
,	O
tuning	O
,	O
and	O
repair	O
of	O
web-based	B-Application
applications	I-Application
and	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Increasingly	O
,	O
"	O
a	O
web	B-Application
application	I-Application
involves	O
many	O
specialists	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
takes	O
people	O
in	O
web	O
ops	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
everything	O
works	O
together	O
throughout	O
an	O
application	O
's	O
lifetime.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
web	O
technologies	O
since	O
mid-1995	O
,	O
specialists	O
have	O
emerged	O
that	O
understand	O
the	O
complexities	O
of	O
running	O
a	O
web	B-Application
application	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
are	O
unique	O
in	O
many	O
ways	O
,	O
presenting	O
challenges	O
that	O
other	O
software	O
types	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
way	O
in	O
which	O
web	O
pages	O
are	O
delivered	O
as	O
atomic	O
transactions	O
,	O
requiring	O
additional	O
technologies	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
HTTP	B-Application
cookies	I-Application
)	O
to	O
associate	O
sequences	O
of	O
pages	O
into	O
a	O
user	O
interaction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
three-tiered	B-Operating_System
model	I-Operating_System
of	O
web	O
,	O
application	O
,	O
and	O
database	O
components	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
LAMP	B-Application
environments	O
consisting	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Apache	O
,	O
MySQL	B-Application
and	O
either	O
Perl	B-Language
or	O
PHP	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
requirement	O
that	O
you	O
must	O
often	O
import	O
the	O
application	O
's	O
database	O
and	O
uploaded	O
files	O
(	O
including	O
potentially	O
sensitive	O
user	O
data	O
)	O
to	O
properly	O
develop	O
or	O
test	O
the	O
application	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
when	O
building	O
a	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
system	I-Protocol
,	O
or	O
using	O
a	O
CMS	O
framework	O
such	O
as	O
Drupal	B-Application
,	O
Wordpress	B-Application
,	O
or	O
webframeworks	O
like	O
Django	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
sense	O
,	O
WebOps	O
simply	O
refers	O
to	O
DevOps	O
for	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-Application
operations	I-Application
teams	O
are	O
tasked	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
responsibilities	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Configuring	O
load-balancing	O
and	O
working	O
with	O
content	B-Operating_System
delivery	I-Operating_System
networks	I-Operating_System
to	O
improve	O
the	O
reliability	O
and	O
reduce	O
the	O
latency	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
web	B-Application
operations	I-Application
personnel	O
are	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
,	O
the	O
http	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
,	O
HTML	B-Language
page	O
markup	O
,	O
and	O
Rich	B-Application
Internet	I-Application
applications	I-Application
(	O
RIAs	O
)	O
such	O
as	O
AJAX	B-Device
and	O
the	O
like	O
.	O
</s>
