<s>
DR-WebSpyder	O
is	O
a	O
DOS	B-Device
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
,	O
mail	B-Protocol
client	I-Protocol
and	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
runtime	B-Device
environment	I-Device
that	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Caldera	O
UK	O
in	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
networking	O
components	O
from	O
Novell	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
Arachne	B-Language
web	I-Language
browser	I-Language
by	O
Michal	B-Language
Polák	I-Language
of	O
xChaos	B-Language
software	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
low-end	O
desktop	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
but	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
boot	O
and	O
execute	O
from	O
disk	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
from	O
ROM	O
or	O
network	B-Device
,	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
tailored	O
for	O
x86-based	O
thin	B-Device
clients	I-Device
and	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
with	O
or	O
without	O
disk	O
drives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
the	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
as	O
its	O
principal	O
user	O
interface	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
kiosk	B-Application
systems	I-Application
and	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Named	O
Embrowser	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
ported	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
in	O
1999	O
and	O
was	O
called	O
Embedix	O
Browser	B-Application
since	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DR-WebSpyder	O
was	O
originally	O
conceived	O
as	O
project	O
NIOS	O
(	O
Novell	O
Internet	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
)	O
at	O
Novell	O
's	O
European	O
Development	O
Centre	O
(	O
EDC	O
)	O
,	O
UK	O
in	O
1994	O
by	O
then	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
engineer	O
Roger	O
Alan	O
Gross	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
working	O
on	O
Novell	B-Application
's	I-Application
Embedded	I-Application
Systems	I-Application
Technology	I-Application
(	O
NEST	B-Application
)	O
initiative	O
to	O
create	O
embedded	B-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
applications	O
that	O
connect	O
intelligent	O
devices	O
to	O
NetWare	B-Operating_System
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NIOS	O
was	O
conceived	O
as	O
a	O
thin	B-Device
client	I-Device
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
that	O
provided	O
Novell	O
with	O
a	O
graphical	O
client	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
to	O
run	O
web	O
applications	O
hosted	O
on	O
NetWare	B-Operating_System
,	O
creating	O
a	O
Novell-centric	O
platform	O
for	O
software	B-Architecture
as	I-Architecture
a	I-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
(	O
SaaS	B-Architecture
)	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
require	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Windows	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
NIOS	O
comprised	O
32-bit	O
versions	O
of	O
Novell	O
's	O
existing	O
16-bit	O
DOS	B-Device
technologies	O
including	O
the	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
Novell	O
's	O
modem	O
dialer	O
and	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
from	O
LAN	O
Workplace	O
for	O
DOS	B-Device
/	O
NetWare	B-Operating_System
Mobile	O
plus	O
licensed	O
third-party	O
components	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Kaffe	B-Language
Java	B-Language
virtual	I-Language
machine	I-Language
(	O
JVM	B-Language
)	O
,	O
Allegro	B-Language
for	O
graphics	O
,	O
and	O
Mosaic	B-Application
for	O
the	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gross	O
's	O
plans	O
were	O
interrupted	O
when	O
Caldera	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
acquired	O
the	O
remaining	O
Digital	O
Research	O
assets	O
including	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
from	O
Novell	O
on	O
23	O
July	O
1996	O
,	O
but	O
without	O
the	O
personnel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gross	O
telephoned	O
Caldera	O
's	O
Ransom	O
H	O
.	O
Love	O
the	O
same	O
day	O
offering	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
new	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
team	O
outside	O
of	O
Novell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gross	O
subsequently	O
joined	O
Caldera	O
as	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
the	O
Digital	O
Research	O
Systems	O
Group	O
(	O
DSG	O
)	O
in	O
December	O
that	O
year	O
and	O
set	O
about	O
rehiring	O
the	O
DRDOS/NIOS	O
team	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
new	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
Caldera	O
,	O
NIOS	O
was	O
renamed	O
IOS	O
(	O
Internet	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
plan	O
to	O
use	O
Mosaic	B-Application
was	O
also	O
dropped	O
and	O
instead	O
Caldera	O
licensed	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
16-bit	O
DOS	B-Device
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
Arachne	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
team	O
replaced	O
Arachne	B-Language
's	O
dialer	O
and	O
packet	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
with	O
Novell	O
's	O
dialer	O
,	O
ODI	B-General_Concept
driver	O
suite	O
(	O
from	O
Personal	B-Application
NetWare	I-Application
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
,	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
animated	O
and	O
scaled	O
GIFs	O
,	O
an	O
optional	O
on-screen	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
for	O
mouse	O
and	O
touch	O
panel	O
usage	O
(	O
SoftKeyboards	O
)	O
for	O
possible	O
keyboardless	O
operation	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
install	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
they	O
completely	O
changed	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
(	O
customizable	O
chrome	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
implemented	O
support	O
for	O
NetScape-compatible	O
frames	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
used	O
Allegro	B-Language
for	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
browser	B-Application
also	O
supported	O
"	O
execute	O
links	O
"	O
to	O
run	O
and	O
interact	O
with	O
DOS	B-Device
programs	O
and	O
batchjobs	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
web	B-Application
client	I-Application
,	O
a	O
feature	O
originally	O
introduced	O
as	O
DOS	B-Device
Gateway	O
Interface	O
(	O
DGI	O
)	O
in	O
Arachne	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
IOS	O
became	O
formally	O
known	O
as	O
WebSpyder	B-Protocol
in	O
May	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
months	O
later	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
ported	O
to	O
compile	O
as	O
a	O
32-bit	O
protected	B-Application
mode	I-Application
extended	B-Device
DOS	I-Device
application	I-Device
(	O
utilizing	O
DPMI	O
using	O
DJGPP	B-Application
,	O
a	O
GNU	O
compiler	O
for	O
DOS	B-Device
)	O
,	O
then	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
WebSpyder	B-Protocol
32	O
,	O
but	O
renamed	O
DR-WebSpyder	O
in	O
early	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
11	O
May	O
1998	O
,	O
Caldera	O
started	O
shipping	O
DR-WebSpyder	O
2.0	O
as	O
both	O
a	O
HTML	O
3.2	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
application	O
and	O
browser	B-Application
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
maintenance	O
release	O
DR-WebSpyder	O
2.0a	O
was	O
issued	O
on	O
19	O
August	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
distributed	O
a	O
free	O
demo	O
version	O
of	O
DR-WebSpyder	O
2.0a	O
on	O
a	O
bootable	O
fully	O
self-contained	O
3.5-inch	O
floppy	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
in	O
fact	O
the	O
DR-WebSpyder	O
OS	O
configured	O
as	O
loosely	O
coupled	O
components	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
special	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
ANSI.SYS	O
driver	O
would	O
mute	O
the	O
stream	O
of	O
text	O
messages	O
at	O
startup	O
of	O
the	O
DOS	B-Device
system	O
while	O
a	O
graphical	O
company	O
logo	O
was	O
displayed	O
until	O
the	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
was	O
launched	O
as	O
a	O
shell	B-Operating_System
via	O
CONFIG.SYS	B-Device
SHELL	I-Device
replacing	O
the	O
default	O
COMMAND.COM	B-Operating_System
command	O
line	O
interpreter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
386	B-General_Concept
PCs	O
with	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
4MB	O
of	O
RAM	O
,	O
the	O
floppy	B-Device
would	O
boot	O
the	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
7.02	O
based	O
browser	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
complete	O
with	O
memory	O
manager	O
,	O
RAM	B-Application
disk	I-Application
,	O
dial-up	O
modem	O
,	O
LAN	O
,	O
mouse	O
and	O
display	O
drivers	O
and	O
automatically	O
launch	O
into	O
the	O
graphical	O
browser	B-Application
,	O
without	O
ever	O
touching	O
the	O
machine	O
's	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
in	O
order	O
not	O
to	O
interfere	O
with	O
other	O
systems	O
installed	O
on	O
the	O
machine	O
and	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
its	O
potential	O
usage	O
in	O
diskless	B-Device
workstations	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
further	O
refined	O
international	O
revision	O
of	O
the	O
demo	O
by	O
Matthias	O
R	O
.	O
Paul	O
utilized	O
more	O
sophisticated	O
multi-level	O
compression	O
to	O
free	O
enough	O
space	O
on	O
the	O
floppy	B-Device
image	O
to	O
also	O
include	O
menu	O
options	O
and	O
additional	O
drivers	O
to	O
choose	O
between	O
several	O
languages	O
and	O
keyboard	O
layouts	O
and	O
give	O
room	O
for	O
further	O
expansion	O
or	O
customization	O
of	O
the	O
operation	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
browser	B-Application
through	O
OEMs	O
or	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
2	O
September	O
1998	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
Digital	O
Research	O
Systems	O
Group	O
and	O
consequently	O
also	O
Caldera	O
UK	O
was	O
spun	O
out	O
as	O
a	O
separate	O
company	O
Caldera	O
Thin	B-Device
Clients	I-Device
(	O
CTC	O
)	O
,	O
incorporated	O
earlier	O
in	O
August	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
1998	O
,	O
DR-WebSpyder	O
2.0	O
achieved	O
commercial	O
success	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
selected	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
an	O
internet	O
set-top	O
box	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
satellite	O
internet	O
access	O
solution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
3	O
November	O
1998	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
announced	O
DR-WebSpyder	O
2.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
DR-WebSpyder	O
2.1	O
Beta	O
2	O
being	O
available	O
since	O
7	O
November	O
1998	O
,	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
was	O
released	O
on	O
30	O
November	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
the	O
Secure	B-Protocol
Sockets	I-Protocol
Layer	I-Protocol
(	O
SSL	O
)	O
protocol	O
,	O
cookies	B-Application
,	O
sound	O
files	O
,	O
printing	O
on	O
a	O
multitude	O
of	O
printers	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
user	O
profiles	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
multiple	O
mail	O
accounts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
added	O
scrollable	O
quarter-screen	O
VGA	O
support	O
for	O
low-resolution	O
LCD	B-Device
displays	I-Device
as	O
well	O
as	O
anti-aliased	O
fonts	O
for	O
display	O
on	O
TVs	B-Operating_System
in	O
an	O
optional	O
TV	B-Operating_System
interface	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
UK	O
also	O
investigated	O
possibilities	O
to	O
add	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
JVM	B-Language
support	O
to	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
,	O
but	O
this	O
component	O
never	O
left	O
prototype	O
status	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
desired	O
prerequisites	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
integration	O
were	O
to	O
add	O
support	O
for	O
long	O
filenames	O
(	O
LFNs	O
)	O
and	O
Unicode	O
to	O
DOS	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
's	O
DPMS-enabled	O
dynamically	O
loadable	O
LONGNAME	O
driver	O
provided	O
VFAT-compatible	O
LFNs	O
in	O
the	O
FAT	B-Application
file	I-Application
system	I-Application
utilizing	O
UCS-2	O
internally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Matthias	O
R	O
.	O
Paul	O
conducted	O
research	O
how	O
to	O
achieve	O
this	O
with	O
minimal	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
existing	O
system	O
and	O
to	O
not	O
cause	O
bloat	O
to	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
also	O
tailored	O
for	O
thin	B-Device
clients	I-Device
and	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Expanded	O
DRFONT-style	O
.CPI	O
files	O
could	O
have	O
been	O
provided	O
to	O
retrieve	O
bitmaps	O
for	O
the	O
required	O
larger	O
character	O
repertoire	O
(	O
Basic	O
Multilingual	O
Plane	O
)	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
support	O
a	O
lot	O
more	O
code	O
pages	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
wider	O
character	B-General_Concept
sets	I-General_Concept
similar	O
to	O
what	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
DOS/V	B-Application
-compatible	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
conjunction	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
COUNTRY.SYS	O
file	O
,	O
Paul	O
's	O
enhanced	O
NLSFUNC	O
4.xx	O
driver	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
introduced	O
with	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
7.02	O
,	O
could	O
have	O
provided	O
the	O
framework	O
to	O
integrate	O
optional	O
UTF-8	O
support	O
into	O
the	O
system	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
similar	O
to	O
DBCS	B-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Gross	O
resigned	O
in	O
January	O
1999	O
,	O
Caldera	O
Thin	B-Device
Clients	I-Device
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
closed	O
the	O
Caldera	O
UK	O
Ltd	O
.	O
development	O
office	O
in	O
February	O
1999	O
soon	O
after	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
7.03	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
20	O
July	O
1999	O
,	O
Caldera	O
Thin	B-Device
Clients	I-Device
renamed	O
itself	O
into	O
Lineo	O
under	O
the	O
new	O
lead	O
of	O
Bryan	O
Wayne	O
Sparks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DR-WebSpyder	O
was	O
renamed	O
Embrowser	O
and	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
was	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
ported	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
version	O
of	O
DR-WebSpyder	O
for	O
IMS	O
REAL/32	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
Digital	O
Research	O
's	O
and	O
Novell	O
's	O
Multiuser	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
,	O
has	O
been	O
worked	O
on	O
in	O
1999	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
October	O
1999	O
,	O
a	O
DOS	B-Device
version	O
of	O
DR-WebSpyder	O
2.5	O
aka	O
Embrowser	O
2.5	O
was	O
available	O
on	O
Lineo	O
's	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
Lineo	O
's	O
own	O
thin-client	B-Device
Linux	B-Application
distribution	O
was	O
named	O
Embedix	O
,	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
port	O
of	O
the	O
micro	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
was	O
consequently	O
named	O
Embedix	O
Browser	B-Application
by	O
April	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Motorola	O
's	O
Metrowerks	O
bought	O
Embedix	O
key	O
assets	O
,	O
possibly	O
including	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
,	O
on	O
17	O
December	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
