<s>
WebGL	B-Library
(	O
Short	O
for	O
Web	B-Library
Graphics	I-Library
Library	I-Library
)	O
is	O
a	O
JavaScript	B-Language
API	B-General_Concept
for	O
rendering	O
interactive	O
2D	O
and	O
3D	O
graphics	O
within	O
any	O
compatible	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
without	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
plug-ins	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebGL	B-Library
is	O
fully	O
integrated	O
with	O
other	O
web	B-General_Concept
standards	I-General_Concept
,	O
allowing	O
GPU-accelerated	O
usage	O
of	O
physics	O
and	O
image	O
processing	O
and	O
effects	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
web	O
page	O
canvas	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebGL	B-Library
elements	O
can	O
be	O
mixed	O
with	O
other	O
HTML	B-Language
elements	O
and	O
composited	O
with	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
page	O
or	O
page	O
background	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebGL	B-Library
programs	O
consist	O
of	O
control	O
code	O
written	O
in	O
JavaScript	B-Language
and	O
shader	O
code	O
that	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
OpenGL	B-Language
ES	I-Language
Shading	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
GLSL	B-Language
ES	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
language	O
similar	O
to	O
C	B-Language
or	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
and	O
is	O
executed	O
on	O
a	O
computer	O
's	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processing	I-Architecture
unit	I-Architecture
(	O
GPU	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebGL	B-Library
is	O
designed	O
and	O
maintained	O
by	O
the	O
non-profit	O
Khronos	B-Library
Group	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
9	O
,	O
2022	O
Khronos	B-Library
Group	I-Library
announced	O
WebGL	O
2.0	O
support	O
for	O
all	O
major	O
browsers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
2.0	O
and	O
provides	O
an	O
API	B-General_Concept
for	O
3D	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
the	O
HTML5	B-Language
canvas	I-Language
element	O
and	O
is	O
accessed	O
using	O
Document	B-General_Concept
Object	I-General_Concept
Model	I-General_Concept
(	O
DOM	B-General_Concept
)	O
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebGL	B-Library
2.0	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
3.0	O
and	O
made	O
guaranteed	O
availability	O
of	O
many	O
optional	O
extensions	O
of	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
and	O
exposes	O
new	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Automatic	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
is	O
provided	O
implicitly	O
by	O
JavaScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
2.0	O
,	O
WebGL	B-Library
does	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
fixed-function	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
introduced	O
in	O
OpenGL	O
1.0	O
and	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
in	O
OpenGL	O
3.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
functionality	O
,	O
if	O
so	O
required	O
,	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
end-developer	O
by	O
providing	O
shader	O
code	O
and	O
configuring	O
data	O
bindings	O
in	O
JavaScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shaders	O
in	O
WebGL	B-Library
are	O
expressed	O
directly	O
in	O
GLSL	B-Language
and	O
passed	O
to	O
the	O
WebGL	B-Library
API	B-General_Concept
as	O
textual	O
strings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WebGL	B-Library
implementation	O
compiles	O
these	O
shader	O
instructions	O
to	O
GPU	B-Architecture
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
code	O
is	O
executed	O
for	O
each	O
and	O
every	O
vertex	O
sent	O
through	O
the	O
API	B-General_Concept
and	O
for	O
each	O
pixel	O
rasterized	O
to	O
the	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebGL	B-Library
evolved	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
Canvas	B-Library
3D	I-Library
experiments	O
started	O
by	O
Vladimir	O
Vukićević	O
at	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vukićević	O
first	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
Canvas	B-Library
3D	I-Library
prototype	O
in	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2007	O
,	O
both	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
and	O
Opera	B-Application
had	O
made	O
their	O
own	O
separate	O
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
non-profit	O
technology	O
consortium	B-Application
Khronos	B-Library
Group	I-Library
started	O
the	O
WebGL	B-Library
Working	O
Group	O
,	O
with	O
initial	O
participation	O
from	O
Apple	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
,	O
Opera	B-Application
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
1.0	O
of	O
the	O
WebGL	B-Library
specification	O
was	O
released	O
March	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
applications	O
of	O
WebGL	B-Library
include	O
Zygote	B-Application
Body	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2012	O
Autodesk	O
announced	O
that	O
they	O
ported	O
most	O
of	O
their	O
applications	O
to	O
the	O
cloud	O
running	O
on	O
local	O
WebGL	B-Library
clients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
of	O
the	O
WebGL	B-Library
2	I-Library
specification	O
started	O
in	O
2013	O
with	O
final	O
in	O
January	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
specification	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
3.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
implementations	O
are	O
in	O
Firefox	B-Application
51	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Application
56	O
and	O
Opera	B-Application
43	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Almost	B-Language
Native	I-Language
Graphics	I-Language
Layer	I-Language
Engine	I-Language
(	O
ANGLE	B-Language
)	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
graphic	O
engine	O
which	O
implements	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
(	O
2.0	O
which	O
closely	O
conforms	O
to	O
ES	O
3.0	O
)	O
and	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
2.0	O
and	O
3.0	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
default	O
backend	O
for	O
both	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
and	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
on	O
Windows	O
platforms	O
and	O
works	O
by	O
translating	O
WebGL	B-Library
and	O
OpenGL	O
calls	O
to	O
available	O
platform-specific	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANGLE	B-Language
currently	O
provides	O
access	O
to	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
2.0	O
and	O
3.0	O
to	O
desktop	O
OpenGL	O
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
,	O
Direct3D	B-Application
9	O
,	O
and	O
Direct3D	B-Application
11	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebGL	B-Library
is	O
widely	O
supported	O
by	O
modern	O
browsers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
its	O
availability	O
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
other	O
factors	O
like	O
the	O
GPU	B-Architecture
supporting	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
official	O
WebGL	B-Library
website	O
offers	O
a	O
simple	O
test	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
detailed	O
information	O
(	O
like	O
what	O
renderer	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
uses	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
extensions	O
are	O
available	O
)	O
is	O
provided	O
at	O
third-party	O
websites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
–	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
has	O
been	O
enabled	O
on	O
all	O
platforms	O
that	O
have	O
a	O
capable	O
graphics	O
card	O
with	O
updated	O
drivers	O
since	O
version	O
9	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
February	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
on	O
Windows	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Application
uses	O
the	O
ANGLE	B-Language
(	O
Almost	B-Language
Native	I-Language
Graphics	I-Language
Layer	I-Language
Engine	I-Language
)	O
renderer	O
to	O
translate	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
to	O
Direct	B-Application
X	I-Application
9.0c	O
or	O
11.0	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
better	O
driver	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Linux	O
and	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
the	O
default	O
renderer	O
is	O
OpenGL	O
however	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
September	O
2013	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Application
also	O
has	O
a	O
newer	O
Direct3D	B-Application
11	O
renderer	O
,	O
which	O
however	O
requires	O
a	O
newer	O
graphics	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Application
56+	O
supports	O
WebGL	O
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Firefox	B-Application
–	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
has	O
been	O
enabled	O
on	O
all	O
platforms	O
that	O
have	O
a	O
capable	O
graphics	O
card	O
with	O
updated	O
drivers	O
since	O
version	O
4.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2013	O
Firefox	B-Application
also	O
uses	O
DirectX	B-Application
on	O
the	O
Windows	O
platform	O
via	O
ANGLE	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Firefox	B-Application
51+	O
supports	O
WebGL	O
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Safari	B-Application
–	O
Safari	B-Application
6.0	O
and	O
newer	O
versions	O
installed	O
on	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mountain	I-Operating_System
Lion	I-Operating_System
,	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
Lion	I-Application
and	O
Safari	B-Application
5.1	O
on	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
Snow	I-Device
Leopard	I-Device
implemented	O
support	O
for	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
disabled	O
by	O
default	O
before	O
Safari	B-Application
8.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Safari	B-Application
version	O
12	O
(	O
available	O
in	O
MacOS	O
Mojave	O
)	O
has	O
available	O
support	O
for	O
WebGL	O
2.0	O
,	O
currently	O
as	O
an	O
"	O
Experimental	O
"	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Opera	B-Application
–	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
has	O
been	O
implemented	O
in	O
Opera	B-Application
11	O
and	O
12	O
,	O
although	O
was	O
disabled	O
by	O
default	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Opera	B-Application
43+	O
supports	O
WebGL	O
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
–	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
is	O
partially	O
supported	O
in	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
11	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
initially	O
failed	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
official	O
WebGL	B-Library
conformance	O
tests	O
,	O
but	O
Microsoft	O
later	O
released	O
several	O
updates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
0.94	O
WebGL	B-Library
engine	O
currently	O
passes	O
~	O
97%	O
of	O
Khronos	B-Library
tests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebGL	B-Library
support	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
manually	O
added	O
to	O
earlier	O
versions	O
of	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
using	O
third-party	O
plugins	B-Application
such	O
as	O
IEWebGL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
–	O
For	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
Legacy	O
,	O
the	O
initial	O
stable	O
release	O
supports	O
WebGL	B-Library
version	O
0.95	O
(	O
context	O
name	O
:	O
"	O
experimental-webgl	O
"	O
)	O
with	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
GLSL	B-Language
to	O
HLSL	B-Language
transpiler	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
10240+	O
supports	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
as	O
prefixed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	O
Browser	B-Application
–	O
Basically	O
unsupported	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Sony	B-Device
Ericsson	I-Device
Xperia	I-Device
range	O
of	O
Android	O
smartphones	O
have	O
had	O
WebGL	B-Library
capabilities	O
following	O
a	O
firmware	O
upgrade	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	O
smartphones	O
also	O
have	O
WebGL	B-Library
enabled	O
(	O
verified	O
on	O
Galaxy	O
SII	O
(	O
4.1.2	O
)	O
and	O
Galaxy	O
Note	O
8.0	O
(	O
4.2	O
)	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supported	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
that	O
replaced	O
the	O
Android	O
browser	B-Application
in	O
many	O
phones	O
(	O
but	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
new	O
standard	O
Android	O
Browser	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Firefox	B-Application
for	I-Application
mobile	I-Application
–	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
Android	O
and	O
MeeGo	B-Operating_System
devices	O
since	O
Firefox	B-Application
4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
–	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
Android	O
devices	O
since	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
25	O
and	O
enabled	O
by	O
default	O
since	O
version	O
30	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maemo	B-Operating_System
–	O
In	O
Nokia	B-Application
N900	I-Application
,	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
microB	O
browser	B-Application
from	O
the	O
PR1.2	O
firmware	O
update	O
onwards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MeeGo	B-Operating_System
–	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
is	O
unsupported	O
in	O
the	O
stock	O
browser	B-Application
"	O
Web.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
available	O
through	O
Firefox	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
–	O
Prefixed	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
Windows	O
10	O
Mobile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Opera	B-Language
Mobile	I-Language
–	O
Opera	B-Language
Mobile	I-Language
12	O
supports	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
(	O
on	O
Android	O
only	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sailfish	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
–	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
is	O
supported	O
in	O
the	O
default	O
Sailfish	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
iOS	B-Application
–	O
WebGL	B-Library
1.0	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
mobile	O
Safari	B-Application
,	O
in	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
8	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
low-level	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
WebGL	B-Library
API	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
provides	O
little	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
to	O
produce	O
desirable	O
3D	O
graphics	O
quickly	O
,	O
contributed	O
to	O
creation	O
of	O
libraries	O
which	O
are	O
typically	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
things	O
up	O
in	O
3D	O
graphics	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
view	B-Algorithm
transformations	I-Algorithm
for	O
shaders	O
,	O
view	B-General_Concept
frustum	I-General_Concept
etc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Basic	O
tasks	O
such	O
as	O
loading	O
scene	B-Data_Structure
graphs	I-Data_Structure
and	O
3D	O
objects	O
in	O
the	O
popular	O
industry	O
formats	O
is	O
also	O
abstracted	B-Application
by	O
the	O
libraries	O
(	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
ported	O
to	O
JavaScript	B-Language
from	O
other	O
languages	O
)	O
to	O
provide	O
additional	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
non-exhaustive	O
list	O
of	O
libraries	O
that	O
provide	O
many	O
high-level	O
features	O
includes	O
A-Frame	B-Language
(	O
VR	O
)	O
,	O
,	O
PlayCanvas	B-Operating_System
,	O
three.js	B-Language
,	O
OSG.JS	B-Library
and	O
CopperLicht	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
X3D	B-Application
also	O
made	O
a	O
project	O
called	O
X3DOM	O
to	O
make	O
X3D	B-Application
and	O
VRML	B-Application
content	O
running	O
on	O
WebGL	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
3D	O
model	O
will	O
in	O
XML	O
tag	O
<X3D>	O
in	O
HTML5	B-Application
and	O
interactive	O
script	O
will	O
use	O
JavaScript	B-Language
and	O
DOM	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
BS	O
Content	O
Studio	O
and	O
InstantReality	O
X3D	B-Application
exporter	O
can	O
exported	O
X3D	B-Application
in	O
HTML	B-Language
and	O
running	O
by	O
WebGL	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
also	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
rapid	O
emergence	O
of	O
game	O
engines	O
for	O
WebGL	B-Library
,	O
both	O
2D	O
and	O
3D	O
,	O
including	O
Unreal	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
4	O
and	O
Unity	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Stage3D/Flash	O
-based	O
Away3D	B-Application
high-level	O
library	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
port	O
to	O
WebGL	B-Library
via	O
TypeScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
sometimes	O
used	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
a	O
WebGL	B-Library
specific	O
extension	O
called	O
glUtils.js	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
some	O
2D	O
libraries	O
built	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
WebGL	B-Library
like	O
Cocos2d-x	O
or	O
Pixi.js	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
implemented	O
this	O
way	O
for	O
performance	O
reasons	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
move	O
that	O
parallels	O
what	O
happened	O
with	O
the	O
Starling	B-Language
Framework	I-Language
over	O
Stage3D	B-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
Flash	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WebGL-based	O
2D	O
libraries	O
fall	O
back	O
to	O
HTML5	B-Language
canvas	I-Language
when	O
WebGL	B-Library
is	O
not	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Removing	O
the	O
rendering	O
bottleneck	O
by	O
giving	O
almost	O
direct	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
GPU	B-Architecture
also	O
exposed	O
performance	O
limitations	O
in	O
the	O
JavaScript	B-Language
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
were	O
addressed	O
by	O
asm.js	B-Language
and	O
WebAssembly	B-Language
(	O
similarly	O
,	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
Stage3D	B-Operating_System
exposed	O
performance	O
problems	O
within	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
were	O
addressed	O
by	O
projects	O
like	O
CrossBridge	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
for	O
any	O
other	O
graphics	O
API	B-General_Concept
,	O
creating	O
content	O
for	O
WebGL	B-Library
scenes	O
requires	O
using	O
a	O
regular	O
3D	O
content	O
creation	O
tool	O
and	O
exporting	O
the	O
scene	O
to	O
a	O
format	O
that	O
is	O
readable	O
by	O
the	O
viewer	O
or	O
helper	O
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Desktop	O
3D	O
authoring	O
software	O
such	O
as	O
Blender	B-Application
,	O
Autodesk	B-Language
Maya	I-Language
or	O
SimLab	O
Composer	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
this	O
purpose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Particularly	O
,	O
Blend4Web	B-Application
allows	O
a	O
WebGL	B-Library
scene	O
to	O
be	O
authored	O
entirely	O
in	O
Blender	B-Application
and	O
exported	O
to	O
a	O
browser	B-Application
with	O
a	O
single	O
click	O
,	O
even	O
as	O
a	O
standalone	O
web	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
some	O
WebGL-specific	O
software	O
such	O
as	O
CopperCube	B-Application
and	O
the	O
online	O
WebGL-based	O
editor	O
Clara.io	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	O
platforms	O
such	O
as	O
Sketchfab	B-Application
and	O
Clara.io	B-Application
allow	O
users	O
to	O
directly	O
upload	O
their	O
3D	O
models	O
and	O
display	O
them	O
using	O
a	O
hosted	O
WebGL	B-Library
viewer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
,	O
in	O
its	O
Firefox	B-Application
browser	I-Application
,	O
has	O
implemented	O
built-in	O
WebGL	B-Library
tools	O
starting	O
with	O
version	O
27	O
that	O
allow	O
editing	O
vertex	O
and	O
fragment	O
shaders	O
.	O
</s>
