<s>
Wayland	O
is	O
a	O
communication	O
protocol	O
that	O
specifies	O
the	O
communication	O
between	O
a	O
display	O
server	O
and	O
its	O
clients	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
C	B-Language
library	O
implementation	O
of	O
that	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
display	O
server	O
using	O
the	O
Wayland	O
protocol	O
is	O
called	O
a	O
Wayland	O
compositor	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
additionally	O
performs	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
a	O
compositing	B-Operating_System
window	I-Operating_System
manager	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wayland	O
is	O
developed	O
by	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
volunteers	O
initially	O
led	O
by	O
Kristian	O
Høgsberg	O
as	O
a	O
free	B-Application
and	O
open-source	B-Application
community-driven	O
project	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
replacing	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
with	O
a	O
modern	O
,	O
secure	O
simpler	O
windowing	B-Application
system	I-Application
in	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
other	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
's	O
source	O
code	O
is	O
published	O
under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
the	B-License
MIT	I-License
License	I-License
,	O
a	O
permissive	B-License
free	I-License
software	I-License
licence	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wayland	O
Display	O
Server	O
project	O
was	O
started	O
by	O
Red	O
Hat	O
developer	B-Application
Kristian	O
Høgsberg	O
in	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
around	O
2010	O
,	O
Linux	B-Application
desktop	O
graphics	O
have	O
moved	O
from	O
having	O
"	O
a	O
pile	O
of	O
rendering	O
interfaces	O
...	O
all	O
talking	O
to	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
server	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
is	O
at	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
universe	O
"	O
towards	O
putting	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
and	O
its	O
components	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Direct	B-Application
Rendering	I-Application
Infrastructure	I-Application
(	O
DRI	O
)	O
,	O
Direct	B-Application
Rendering	I-Application
Manager	I-Application
(	O
DRM	O
)	O
)	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
"	O
,	O
with	O
"	O
window	B-Application
systems	I-Application
like	O
X	B-Operating_System
and	O
Wayland	O
...	O
off	O
in	O
the	O
corner	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Høgsberg	O
could	O
have	O
added	O
an	O
extension	O
to	O
X	B-Operating_System
as	O
many	O
recent	O
projects	O
have	O
done	O
,	O
but	O
preferred	O
to	O
"[push]	O
X	B-Operating_System
out	O
of	O
the	O
hotpath	O
between	O
clients	O
and	O
the	O
hardware	O
"	O
for	O
reasons	O
explained	O
in	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
FAQ	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
is	O
also	O
developing	O
versions	O
of	O
GTK	B-Application
and	O
Qt	B-Language
that	O
render	O
to	O
Wayland	O
instead	O
of	O
to	O
X	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
applications	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
gain	O
support	O
for	O
Wayland	O
through	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
libraries	B-Library
without	O
modification	O
to	O
the	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initial	O
versions	O
of	O
Wayland	O
have	O
not	O
provided	O
network	B-General_Concept
transparency	I-General_Concept
,	O
though	O
Høgsberg	O
noted	O
in	O
2010	O
that	O
network	B-General_Concept
transparency	I-General_Concept
is	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
attempted	O
as	O
a	O
Google	B-Application
Summer	I-Application
of	I-Application
Code	I-Application
project	O
in	O
2011	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
not	O
successful	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adam	O
Jackson	O
has	O
envisioned	O
providing	O
remote	O
access	O
to	O
a	O
Wayland	O
application	O
by	O
either	O
"	O
pixel-scraping	O
"	O
(	O
like	O
VNC	B-Protocol
)	O
or	O
getting	O
it	O
to	O
send	O
a	O
"	O
rendering	O
command	O
stream	O
"	O
across	O
the	O
network	O
(	O
as	O
in	O
RDP	B-Protocol
,	O
SPICE	B-Protocol
or	O
X11	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
early	O
2013	O
,	O
Høgsberg	O
was	O
experimenting	O
with	O
network	B-General_Concept
transparency	I-General_Concept
using	O
a	O
proxy	O
Wayland	O
server	O
which	O
sends	O
compressed	O
images	O
to	O
the	O
real	O
compositor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2017	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
saw	O
the	O
first	O
such	O
pixel-scraping	O
VNC	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
implementation	O
under	O
Wayland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
modern	O
Wayland	O
compositors	O
,	O
network	B-General_Concept
transparency	I-General_Concept
is	O
handled	O
in	O
an	O
that	O
implements	O
the	O
RemoteDesktop	O
portal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
Wayland	O
compositors	O
also	O
include	O
an	O
for	O
common	O
tasks	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
native	O
file	O
picker	O
for	O
native	O
applications	O
and	O
sandboxes	O
such	O
as	O
Flatpak	B-Language
(	O
is	O
commonly	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
fallback	O
filepicker	O
)	O
,	O
screen	O
recording	O
,	O
network	B-General_Concept
transparency	I-General_Concept
,	O
screenshots	O
,	O
color	O
picking	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
tasks	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
needing	O
user	O
intervention	O
and	O
being	O
security	O
risks	O
otherwise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
xdg-desktop-portal	O
is	O
not	O
Flatpak	B-Language
or	O
Wayland-specific	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
alternative	O
packaging	O
systems	O
and	O
windowing	B-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wayland	O
protocol	O
follows	O
a	O
client	B-Operating_System
–	I-Operating_System
server	I-Operating_System
model	I-Operating_System
in	O
which	O
clients	O
are	O
the	O
graphical	O
applications	O
requesting	O
the	O
display	O
of	O
pixel	O
buffers	O
on	O
the	O
screen	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
server	O
(	O
compositor	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
service	O
provider	O
controlling	O
the	O
display	O
of	O
these	O
buffers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
low-level	O
layer	O
or	O
wire	O
protocol	O
that	O
handles	O
the	O
inter-process	B-Operating_System
communication	I-Operating_System
between	O
the	O
two	O
involved	O
processesclient	O
and	O
compositorand	O
the	O
marshalling	B-Application
of	O
the	O
data	O
that	O
they	O
interchange	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
layer	O
is	O
message-based	O
and	O
usually	O
implemented	O
using	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
IPC	B-Operating_System
services	O
,	O
specifically	O
Unix	B-Protocol
domain	I-Protocol
sockets	I-Protocol
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
high-level	O
layer	O
built	O
upon	O
it	O
,	O
that	O
handles	O
the	O
information	O
that	O
client	O
and	O
compositor	O
need	O
to	O
exchange	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
basic	O
features	O
of	O
a	O
window	B-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
layer	O
is	O
implemented	O
as	O
"	O
an	O
asynchronous	O
object-oriented	B-Language
protocol	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
low-level	O
layer	O
was	O
written	O
manually	O
in	O
C	B-Language
,	O
the	O
high-level	O
layer	O
is	O
automatically	O
generated	O
from	O
a	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
elements	O
of	O
the	O
protocol	O
stored	O
in	O
XML	B-Protocol
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
time	O
the	O
protocol	O
description	O
of	O
this	O
XML	B-Protocol
file	O
changes	O
,	O
the	O
C	B-Language
source	O
code	O
that	O
implements	O
such	O
protocol	O
can	O
be	O
regenerated	O
to	O
include	O
the	O
new	O
changes	O
,	O
allowing	O
a	O
very	O
flexible	O
,	O
extensible	O
and	O
error-proof	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
reference	O
implementation	O
of	O
Wayland	O
protocol	O
is	O
split	O
in	O
two	O
libraries	B-Library
:	O
a	O
library	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
Wayland	O
clients	O
called	O
libwayland-client	O
and	O
a	O
library	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
Wayland	O
compositors	O
called	O
libwayland-server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wayland	O
protocol	O
is	O
described	O
as	O
an	O
"	O
asynchronous	O
object-oriented	B-Language
protocol	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Object-oriented	B-Language
means	O
that	O
the	O
services	O
offered	O
by	O
the	O
compositor	O
are	O
presented	O
as	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
objects	O
living	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
compositor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
protocol	O
is	O
asynchronous	O
in	O
the	O
sense	O
that	O
requests	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
wait	O
for	O
synchronized	O
replies	O
or	O
ACKs	B-Protocol
,	O
avoiding	O
round-trip	O
delay	O
time	O
and	O
achieving	O
improved	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
file	O
that	O
lists	O
the	O
existing	O
interfaces	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
version	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
their	O
requests	O
,	O
events	O
and	O
other	O
attributes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XDG-Shell	O
protocol	O
(	O
see	O
freedesktop.org	B-Application
for	O
XDG	B-Application
)	O
is	O
an	O
extended	O
way	O
to	O
manage	O
surfaces	O
under	O
Wayland	O
compositors	O
(	O
not	O
only	O
Weston	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
xdg-shell	O
protocol	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
contrary	O
,	O
is	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
Wayland	O
compositor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
XDG-Shell	O
protocol	O
was	O
not	O
versioned	O
and	O
still	O
prone	O
to	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
Wayland	O
follows	O
a	O
direct	B-Application
rendering	I-Application
model	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
client	O
must	O
render	O
the	O
window	O
contents	O
to	O
a	O
buffer	O
shareable	O
with	O
the	O
compositor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
that	O
purpose	O
,	O
the	O
client	O
can	O
choose	O
to	O
do	O
all	O
the	O
rendering	O
by	O
itself	O
,	O
use	O
a	O
rendering	O
library	O
like	O
Cairo	B-Language
or	O
OpenGL	B-Application
,	O
or	O
rely	O
on	O
the	O
rendering	O
engine	O
of	O
high-level	O
widget	O
libraries	B-Library
with	O
Wayland	O
support	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Qt	B-Language
or	O
GTK	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
client	O
can	O
also	O
optionally	O
use	O
other	O
specialized	O
libraries	B-Library
to	O
perform	O
specific	O
tasks	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Freetype	B-Application
for	O
font	O
rendering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
client	O
uses	O
a	O
software	O
(	O
CPU	O
)	O
renderer	O
and	O
the	O
result	O
is	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
system	O
memory	O
,	O
then	O
client	O
and	O
compositor	O
can	O
use	O
shared	B-Operating_System
memory	I-Operating_System
to	O
implement	O
the	O
buffer	O
communication	O
without	O
extra	O
copies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wayland	O
protocol	O
already	O
natively	O
provides	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
shared	B-Operating_System
memory	I-Operating_System
buffer	O
through	O
the	O
wl_shm	O
and	O
wl_shm_pool	O
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
drawback	O
of	O
this	O
method	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
compositor	O
may	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
additional	O
work	O
(	O
usually	O
to	O
copy	O
the	O
shared	B-Operating_System
data	I-Operating_System
to	O
the	O
GPU	O
)	O
to	O
display	O
it	O
,	O
which	O
leads	O
to	O
slower	O
graphics	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
typical	O
case	O
is	O
for	O
the	O
client	O
to	O
render	O
directly	O
into	O
a	O
video	O
memory	O
buffer	O
using	O
a	O
hardware	O
(	O
GPU	O
)	O
accelerated	O
API	O
such	O
as	O
OpenGL	B-Application
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
or	O
Vulkan	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
differences	O
between	O
Wayland	O
and	O
X	B-Operating_System
with	O
regard	O
to	O
performance	O
,	O
code	O
maintainability	O
,	O
and	O
security	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Architecture	B-Protocol
The	O
composition	B-Operating_System
manager	I-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
separate	O
,	O
additional	O
feature	O
in	O
X	B-Operating_System
,	O
while	O
Wayland	O
merges	O
display	O
server	O
and	O
compositor	O
as	O
a	O
single	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
it	O
incorporates	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
tasks	O
of	O
the	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
,	O
which	O
in	O
X	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
separate	O
client-side	B-Operating_System
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compositing	O
Compositing	O
is	O
optional	O
in	O
X	B-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
mandatory	O
in	O
Wayland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compositing	O
in	O
X	B-Operating_System
is	O
"	O
active	O
"	O
;	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
compositor	O
must	O
fetch	O
all	O
pixel	O
data	O
,	O
which	O
introduces	O
latency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rendering	O
The	O
X	B-Operating_System
server	I-Operating_System
itself	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
perform	O
rendering	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
instructed	O
to	O
display	O
a	O
rendered	O
window	O
sent	O
by	O
a	O
client	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Window	O
decorations	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
rendered	O
on	O
the	O
client	O
side	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
by	O
a	O
graphics	O
toolkit	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
on	O
the	O
server	O
side	O
(	O
by	O
the	O
compositor	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
opt-in	O
protocol	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
compositor	O
chooses	O
to	O
implement	O
such	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
X	B-Operating_System
design	O
lacked	O
these	O
important	O
security	O
features	O
,	O
although	O
some	O
extensions	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
trying	O
to	O
mitigate	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
code	O
running	O
in	O
the	O
client	O
,	O
less	O
code	O
needs	O
to	O
run	O
with	O
root	O
privileges	O
,	O
improving	O
security	O
,	O
although	O
multiple	O
popular	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	O
now	O
allow	O
X	B-Operating_System
to	O
be	O
run	O
without	O
root	O
privileges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inter-process	B-Operating_System
communication	I-Operating_System
The	O
X	B-Operating_System
server	I-Operating_System
provides	O
a	O
basic	O
communication	O
method	O
between	O
X	B-Operating_System
clients	O
,	O
later	O
extended	O
by	O
ICCCM	B-Operating_System
conventions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
X	B-Operating_System
client-to-client	O
communication	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
window	B-Application
managers	I-Application
and	O
also	O
to	O
implement	O
X	B-Device
sessions	I-Device
,	O
selections	B-Device
and	I-Device
drag-and-drop	I-Device
,	O
and	O
other	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wayland	O
core	O
protocol	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
communication	O
between	O
Wayland	O
clients	O
at	O
all	O
as	O
the	O
corresponding	O
functionality	O
(	O
if	O
needed	O
)	O
is	O
regarded	O
by	O
the	O
Wayland	O
community	O
as	O
something	O
which	O
should	O
be	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
desktop	O
environments	O
(	O
like	O
KDE	O
or	O
GNOME	B-Application
)	O
,	O
or	O
by	O
a	O
third	O
party	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
native	O
IPC	B-Operating_System
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
operating	O
system	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Networking	O
The	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
is	O
an	O
architecture	B-Protocol
that	O
was	O
designed	O
at	O
its	O
core	O
to	O
run	O
over	O
a	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wayland	O
does	O
not	O
offer	O
network	B-General_Concept
transparency	I-General_Concept
by	O
itself	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
a	O
compositor	O
can	O
implement	O
any	O
remote	B-Protocol
desktop	I-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
to	O
achieve	O
remote	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
research	O
into	O
Wayland	O
image	O
streaming	O
and	O
compression	O
that	O
would	O
provide	O
remote	O
frame	B-Algorithm
buffer	I-Algorithm
access	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
VNC	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
XWayland	B-Application
is	O
an	O
X	B-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
running	O
as	O
a	O
Wayland	O
client	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
displaying	O
native	O
X11	B-Operating_System
client	O
applications	O
in	O
a	O
Wayland	O
compositor	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
way	O
XQuartz	B-Operating_System
runs	O
X	B-Operating_System
applications	O
in	O
macOS	B-Application
’s	O
native	O
windowing	B-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
of	O
XWayland	B-Application
is	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
transition	O
from	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
to	O
Wayland	O
environments	O
,	O
providing	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
run	O
unported	O
applications	O
in	O
the	O
meantime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XWayland	B-Application
was	O
mainlined	O
into	O
X.Org	B-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
version	O
1.16	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Widget	O
toolkits	O
such	O
as	O
Qt5	O
and	O
GTK3	B-Application
can	O
switch	O
their	O
graphical	O
back-end	O
at	O
run	O
time	O
,	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
choose	O
at	O
load	B-Operating_System
time	I-Operating_System
whether	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
application	O
over	O
X	B-Operating_System
or	O
over	O
Wayland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Qt	B-Language
5	O
provides	O
the	O
command-line	O
option	O
to	O
that	O
effect	O
,	O
whereas	O
GTK	B-Application
3	O
lets	O
users	O
select	O
the	O
desired	O
GDK	B-Language
back-end	O
by	O
setting	O
the	O
Unix	O
environment	O
variable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Display	O
servers	O
that	O
implement	O
the	O
Wayland	O
display	O
server	O
protocol	O
are	O
also	O
called	O
Wayland	O
compositors	O
because	O
they	O
additionally	O
perform	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
a	O
compositing	B-Operating_System
window	I-Operating_System
manager	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sway	B-Language
–	O
a	O
tiling	O
Wayland	O
compositor	O
and	O
a	O
drop-in	O
replacement	O
for	O
the	O
i3	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
for	O
X11	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sway	B-Language
uses	O
wlroots	O
–	O
a	O
modular	O
Wayland	O
implementation	O
that	O
functions	O
as	O
a	O
base	O
for	O
several	O
compositors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
and	O
published	O
under	O
the	B-License
MIT	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Weston	O
has	O
official	O
support	O
for	O
only	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
due	O
to	O
Weston	O
's	O
dependence	O
on	O
certain	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
kernel	B-Application
mode-setting	I-Application
,	O
Graphics	O
Execution	O
Manager	O
(	O
GEM	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
udev	B-Application
,	O
which	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
implemented	O
in	O
other	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
running	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
handling	O
of	O
the	O
input	O
hardware	O
relies	O
on	O
evdev	B-Application
,	O
while	O
the	O
handling	O
of	O
buffers	O
relies	O
on	O
Generic	B-Application
Buffer	I-Application
Management	I-Application
(	O
GBM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
2013	O
a	O
prototype	O
port	O
of	O
Weston	O
to	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
was	O
announced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Weston	O
supports	O
High-bandwidth	B-Protocol
Digital	I-Protocol
Content	I-Protocol
Protection	I-Protocol
(	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
rendering	O
,	O
Weston	O
can	O
use	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
or	O
the	O
pixman	B-Application
library	O
to	O
do	O
software	O
rendering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
full	O
OpenGL	B-Application
implementation	O
is	O
not	O
used	O
,	O
because	O
on	O
most	O
current	O
systems	O
,	O
installing	O
the	O
full	O
OpenGL	B-Application
libraries	B-Library
would	O
also	O
install	O
GLX	B-Device
and	O
other	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
support	O
libraries	B-Library
as	O
dependencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
remote	O
access	O
interface	O
for	O
Weston	O
was	O
proposed	O
in	O
October	O
2013	O
by	O
a	O
RealVNC	B-Language
employee	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maynard	O
is	O
a	O
graphical	O
shell	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
written	O
as	O
a	O
plug-in	O
for	O
Weston	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
has	O
been	O
written	O
as	O
a	O
plug-in	O
to	O
Mutter	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Collabora	O
released	O
Maynard	O
and	O
work	O
on	O
improving	O
performance	O
and	O
memory	O
consumption	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Weston	O
code	O
for	O
handling	O
input	O
devices	O
(	O
keyboards	B-Device
,	O
pointers	O
,	O
touch	O
screens	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Libinput	O
handles	O
input	O
devices	O
for	O
multiple	O
Wayland	O
compositors	O
and	O
also	O
provides	O
a	O
generic	O
X.Org	B-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
input	O
driver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
libinput	O
provides	O
device	O
detection	O
(	O
via	O
udev	B-Application
)	O
,	O
device	O
handling	O
,	O
input	O
device	O
event	O
processing	O
and	O
abstraction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
GNOME/GTK	O
and	O
KDE	B-Language
Frameworks	I-Language
5	I-Language
have	O
mainlined	O
the	O
required	O
changes	O
,	O
Fedora22	O
will	O
replace	O
X.Org	B-Operating_System
'	O
s	O
evdev	B-Application
and	O
Synaptics	O
drivers	O
with	O
libinput	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
version	O
1.16	O
,	O
the	O
X.Org	B-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
obtained	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
libinput	O
library	O
in	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
wrapper	O
called	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wayland	B-Application
Security	I-Application
Module	I-Application
is	O
a	O
proposition	O
that	O
resembles	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
Security	I-Application
Module	I-Application
interface	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wayland	B-Application
Security	I-Application
Module	I-Application
is	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
delegate	O
security	O
decisions	O
within	O
the	O
compositor	O
to	O
a	O
centralized	O
security	O
decision	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wayland	O
protocol	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
simple	O
so	O
that	O
additional	O
protocols	O
and	O
interfaces	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
defined	O
and	O
implemented	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
holistic	O
windowing	B-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
toolkits	O
already	O
fully	O
support	O
Wayland	O
,	O
the	O
developers	B-Application
of	O
the	O
graphical	O
shells	O
are	O
cooperating	O
with	O
the	O
Wayland	O
developers	B-Application
creating	O
the	O
necessary	O
additional	O
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
most	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	O
support	O
Wayland	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fedora	O
starting	O
with	O
version	O
25	O
(	O
released	O
22	O
November	O
2016	O
)	O
uses	O
Wayland	O
for	O
the	O
default	O
GNOME	B-Application
3.22	O
desktop	O
session	O
,	O
with	O
X.Org	B-Operating_System
as	O
a	O
fallback	O
if	O
the	O
graphics	O
driver	O
cannot	O
support	O
Wayland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
shipped	O
with	O
Wayland	O
by	O
default	O
in	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
17.10	O
(	O
Artful	O
Aardvark	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
18.04	O
LTS	O
reverted	O
to	O
X.Org	B-Operating_System
by	O
default	O
due	O
to	O
several	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
21.04	O
,	O
Wayland	O
is	O
the	O
default	O
again	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Red	O
Hat	O
Enterprise	O
Linux	B-Application
ships	O
Wayland	O
as	O
the	O
default	O
session	O
in	O
version	O
8	O
,	O
released	O
7	O
May	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Debian	O
ships	O
Wayland	O
as	O
the	O
default	O
session	O
for	O
GNOME	B-Application
since	O
version	O
10	O
,	O
released	O
6	O
July	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Slackware	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
included	O
Wayland	O
on	O
20	O
February	O
2020	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
version	O
,	O
-current	O
,	O
which	O
became	O
version	O
15.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Manjaro	B-Application
ships	O
Wayland	O
as	O
default	O
in	O
the	O
Gnome	B-Application
edition	O
of	O
Manjaro	B-Application
20.2	O
(	O
Nibia	O
)	O
(	O
released	O
22	O
November	O
2020	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RebeccaBlackOS	O
is	O
a	O
live	O
USB	O
Debian-based	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	O
that	O
allows	O
a	O
convenient	O
way	O
to	O
try	O
out	O
a	O
real	O
Wayland	O
desktop	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
make	O
any	O
modifications	O
to	O
the	O
main	O
operating	O
system	O
of	O
the	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clutter	B-Language
has	O
complete	O
Wayland	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EFL	B-Library
has	O
complete	O
Wayland	O
support	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
selection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GTK	B-Application
3.20	O
has	O
complete	O
Wayland	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Qt	B-Language
5	O
has	O
complete	O
Wayland	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
write	O
both	O
Wayland	O
compositors	O
and	O
Wayland	O
clients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SDL	B-Operating_System
support	O
for	O
Wayland	O
debuted	O
with	O
the	O
2.0.2	O
release	O
and	O
was	O
enabled	O
by	O
default	O
since	O
version	O
2.0.4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GLFW	B-Language
3.2	O
has	O
Wayland	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeGLUT	B-Application
has	O
initial	O
Wayland	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Desktop	O
environments	O
in	O
process	O
of	O
being	O
ported	O
from	O
X	B-Operating_System
to	O
Wayland	O
include	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
KDE	B-Language
Plasma	I-Language
5	I-Language
and	O
Enlightenment	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2015	O
,	O
Enlightenment	B-Application
e20	O
was	O
announced	O
with	O
full	O
Wayland	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
3.20	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
full	O
Wayland	O
session	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
3.22	O
included	O
much	O
improved	O
Wayland	O
support	O
across	O
GTK	B-Application
,	O
Mutter	B-Language
,	O
and	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
3.24	O
shipped	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
proprietary	O
NVidia	O
drivers	O
under	O
Wayland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wayland	O
support	O
for	O
KDE	O
Plasma	O
was	O
delayed	O
until	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Plasma	B-Language
5	I-Language
,	O
though	O
previously	O
KWin	B-Language
4.11	O
got	O
an	O
experimental	O
Wayland	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intelligent	B-Language
Input	I-Language
Bus	I-Language
is	O
working	O
on	O
Wayland	O
support	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
ready	O
for	O
Fedora	O
22	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RealVNC	B-Language
published	O
a	O
Wayland	O
developer	B-Application
preview	O
in	O
July	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maliit	B-Language
is	O
an	O
input	B-General_Concept
method	I-General_Concept
framework	O
that	O
runs	O
under	O
Wayland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
kmscon	B-Application
supports	O
Wayland	O
with	O
wlterm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mesa	B-Application
has	O
Wayland	O
support	O
integrated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eclipse	B-Application
was	O
made	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
Wayland	O
during	O
a	O
GSoC-Project	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Vulkan	B-Application
WSI	O
(	O
Window	B-Application
System	I-Application
Interface	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
API	O
calls	O
that	O
serve	O
a	O
similar	O
purpose	O
as	O
EGL	B-Application
does	O
for	O
OpenGL	B-Application
&	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
or	O
GLX	B-Device
for	O
OpenGL	B-Application
on	O
X11	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
WSI	O
includes	O
support	O
for	O
Wayland	O
from	O
day	O
one	O
:	O
VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
clients	O
can	O
run	O
on	O
unmodified	O
Wayland	O
servers	O
,	O
including	O
Weston	O
,	O
GENIVI	B-Application
LayerManager	O
,	O
Mutter	B-Language
/	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
,	O
Enlightenment	B-Application
,	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WSI	O
allows	O
applications	O
to	O
discover	O
the	O
different	O
GPUs	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
display	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
GPU	O
rendering	O
to	O
a	O
window	B-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GENIVI	B-Application
Alliance	I-Application
:	O
The	O
GENIVI	B-Application
Aliance	O
,	O
now	O
COVESA	O
,	O
for	O
in-vehicle	O
infotainment	O
(	O
IVI	O
)	O
supports	O
Wayland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
:	O
The	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Collabora	O
released	O
Maynard	O
and	O
work	O
on	O
improving	O
performance	O
and	O
memory	O
consumption	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jolla	B-Operating_System
:	O
Smartphones	O
from	O
Jolla	B-Operating_System
use	O
Wayland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
as	O
standard	O
when	O
Linux	B-Application
Sailfish	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
is	O
used	O
with	O
hardware	O
from	O
other	O
vendors	O
or	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
installed	O
into	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
by	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tizen	B-Application
:	O
Tizen	B-Application
up	O
to	O
2.x	O
supports	O
Wayland	O
in	O
in-vehicle	O
infotainment	O
(	O
IVI	O
)	O
setups	O
and	O
from	O
3.0	O
onward	O
defaults	O
to	O
Wayland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kristian	O
Høgsberg	O
,	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
graphics	O
and	O
X.Org	B-Operating_System
developer	B-Application
who	O
previously	O
worked	O
on	O
AIGLX	B-Application
and	O
DRI2	B-Application
,	O
started	O
Wayland	O
as	O
a	O
spare-time	O
project	O
in	O
2008	O
while	O
working	O
for	O
Red	O
Hat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2010	O
,	O
Wayland	O
became	O
a	O
freedesktop.org	B-Application
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
migration	O
the	O
prior	O
Google	B-Application
Group	I-Application
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
wayland-devel	O
mailing	O
list	O
as	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
central	O
point	O
of	O
discussion	O
and	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wayland	O
client	O
and	O
server	O
libraries	B-Library
were	O
initially	O
released	O
under	O
the	B-License
MIT	I-License
License	I-License
,	O
while	O
the	O
reference	O
compositor	O
Weston	O
and	O
some	O
example	O
clients	O
used	O
the	O
GNU	O
General	O
Public	O
License	O
version	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
all	O
the	O
GPL	O
code	O
was	O
relicensed	O
under	O
the	B-License
MIT	I-License
license	I-License
"	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
to	O
move	O
code	O
between	O
the	O
reference	O
implementation	O
and	O
the	O
actual	O
libraries	B-Library
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
it	O
was	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
license	O
text	O
used	O
by	O
Wayland	O
was	O
a	O
slightly	O
different	O
and	O
older	O
version	O
of	O
the	B-License
MIT	I-License
license	I-License
,	O
and	O
the	O
license	O
text	O
was	O
updated	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
version	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
X.Org	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
(	O
known	O
as	O
MIT	B-License
Expat	I-License
License	I-License
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wayland	O
works	O
with	O
all	O
Mesa-compatible	B-Application
drivers	O
with	O
DRI2	B-Application
support	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Android	B-Application
drivers	O
via	O
the	O
Hybris	B-Application
project	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
FBDEV	O
,	O
RDP	B-Protocol
backends	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
backend	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
driver	O
support	O
via	O
libhybris	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
framebuffer	B-Algorithm
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	O
4	O
Linux	B-Application
2	O
,	O
touch	O
input	O
,	O
debugging	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proxy	O
wrappers	O
,	O
shared	B-Operating_System
memory	I-Operating_System
changes	O
,	O
Doxygen-generated	O
HTML	O
docs	O
.	O
</s>
