<s>
A	O
Watermark	B-General_Concept
for	O
data	B-General_Concept
synchronization	I-General_Concept
describes	O
an	O
object	O
of	O
a	O
predefined	O
format	O
which	O
provides	O
a	O
point	O
of	O
reference	O
value	O
for	O
two	O
systems/datasets	O
attempting	O
to	O
establish	O
delta/incremental	O
synchronization	B-General_Concept
;	O
any	O
object	O
in	O
the	O
queried	O
data	O
source	O
which	O
was	O
created	O
,	O
modified	O
,	O
or	O
deleted	O
after	O
the	O
watermark	B-General_Concept
's	O
value	O
will	O
be	O
qualified	O
as	O
"	O
above	O
watermark	B-General_Concept
"	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
client	O
requesting	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
approach	O
allows	O
the	O
client	O
to	O
retrieve	O
only	O
the	O
objects	O
which	O
have	O
changed	O
since	O
the	O
latest	O
watermark	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
also	O
enables	O
the	O
client	O
to	O
resume	O
its	O
synchronization	B-General_Concept
job	O
from	O
where	O
it	O
left	O
off	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
some	O
pause	O
or	O
downtime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Watermark	B-General_Concept
term	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
in	O
Directory	O
Synchronization	B-General_Concept
software	O
development	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Exchange	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
,	O
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
,	O
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
Application	O
Mode	O
(	O
ADAM	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	B-Protocol
Identity	I-Protocol
Integration	I-Protocol
Server	I-Protocol
2003/	O
Microsoft	O
Identity	O
Lifecycle	O
Manager	O
Server	O
2007	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Cisco	O
Unified	O
Communications	O
Manager	O
or	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
IPlanet	B-Application
and	O
other	O
LDAP-based	O
directory	O
products	O
are	O
using	O
DirSync	O
and	O
consequently	O
will	O
consume	O
"	O
watermark	B-General_Concept
"	O
object	O
to	O
provide	O
efficient	O
synchronization	B-General_Concept
between	O
directories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Watermark	B-General_Concept
object	O
sometimes	O
can	O
be	O
referred	O
as	O
"	O
cookie	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DirSync	O
control	O
implementation	O
can	O
differ	O
from	O
product	O
to	O
product	O
,	O
however	O
concept	O
of	O
watermark	B-General_Concept
will	O
allow	O
any	O
product	O
to	O
read	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
directory	O
incrementally	O
.	O
</s>
