<s>
In	O
human	O
–	O
computer	O
interaction	O
,	O
WIMP	B-Application
stands	O
for	O
"	O
windows	O
,	O
icons	O
,	O
menus	O
,	O
pointer	B-Device
"	O
,	O
denoting	O
a	O
style	O
of	O
interaction	O
using	O
these	O
elements	O
of	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
expansions	O
are	O
sometimes	O
used	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
substituting	O
"	O
mouse	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
mice	O
"	O
for	O
menus	O
,	O
or	O
"	O
pull-down	O
menu	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
pointing	O
"	O
for	O
pointer	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
the	O
acronym	O
has	O
fallen	O
into	O
disuse	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
often	O
been	O
likened	O
to	O
the	O
term	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
interface	O
that	O
uses	O
graphics	O
can	O
be	O
called	O
a	O
GUI	B-Application
,	O
and	O
WIMP	B-Application
systems	O
derive	O
from	O
such	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
while	O
all	O
WIMP	B-Application
systems	O
use	O
graphics	O
as	O
a	O
key	O
element	O
(	O
the	O
icon	O
and	O
pointer	B-Device
elements	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
are	O
GUIs	B-Application
,	O
the	O
reverse	O
is	O
not	O
true	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
GUIs	B-Application
are	O
not	O
based	O
in	O
windows	O
,	O
icons	O
,	O
menus	O
,	O
and	O
pointers	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
most	O
mobile	O
phones	O
represent	O
actions	O
as	O
icons	O
and	O
menus	O
,	O
but	O
often	O
do	O
not	O
rely	O
on	O
a	O
conventional	O
pointer	B-Device
or	O
containerized	O
windows	O
to	O
host	O
program	O
interactions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WIMP	B-Application
interaction	O
was	O
developed	O
at	O
Xerox	O
PARC	O
(	O
see	O
Xerox	B-Device
Alto	I-Device
,	O
developed	O
in	O
1973	O
)	O
and	O
popularized	O
with	O
Apple	O
's	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
in	O
1984	O
,	O
which	O
added	O
the	O
concepts	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
menu	O
bar	O
"	O
and	O
extended	O
window	B-Application
management	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WIMP	B-Application
interface	I-Application
has	O
the	O
following	O
components	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
software	O
is	O
typically	O
designed	O
such	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
which	O
window	O
is	O
currently	O
active	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pointer	B-Device
is	O
an	O
onscreen	O
symbol	O
that	O
represents	O
movement	O
of	O
a	O
physical	O
device	O
that	O
the	O
user	O
controls	O
to	O
select	O
icons	O
,	O
data	O
elements	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
style	O
of	O
system	O
improves	O
human	O
–	O
computer	O
interaction	O
(	O
HCI	O
)	O
by	O
emulating	O
real-world	O
interactions	O
and	O
providing	O
greater	O
ease	B-General_Concept
of	I-General_Concept
use	I-General_Concept
for	O
non-technical	O
people	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
programs	O
contained	O
by	O
a	O
WIMP	B-Application
interface	I-Application
subsequently	O
rely	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
core	O
input	O
methods	O
,	O
the	O
interactions	O
throughout	O
the	O
system	O
are	O
standardized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
human	O
–	O
computer	O
interaction	O
researchers	O
consider	O
WIMP	B-Application
to	O
be	O
ill-suited	O
for	O
multiple	O
applications	O
,	O
especially	O
those	O
requiring	O
precise	O
human	O
input	O
or	O
more	O
than	O
three	O
dimensions	O
of	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drawing	O
and	O
writing	O
are	O
example	O
of	O
these	O
limitations	O
;	O
a	O
traditional	O
pointer	B-Device
is	O
limited	O
by	O
two	O
dimensions	O
,	O
and	O
consequently	O
does	O
n't	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
pressure	O
applied	O
when	O
using	O
a	O
physical	O
writing	O
utility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pressure-sensitive	O
graphics	B-Device
tablets	I-Device
are	O
often	O
used	O
to	O
overcome	O
this	O
limitation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
issue	O
with	O
WIMP-style	O
user	O
interfaces	O
is	O
that	O
many	O
implementations	O
put	O
users	O
with	O
disabilities	O
at	O
a	O
disadvantage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
People	O
with	O
motor	O
impairments	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Parkinson	O
's	O
disease	O
,	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
navigate	O
devices	O
precisely	O
using	O
the	O
traditional	O
mouse	O
pointer	B-Device
for	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recent	O
developments	O
in	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
,	O
specifically	O
machine	O
learning	O
,	O
have	O
opened	O
new	O
doors	O
for	O
accessibility	O
in	O
technology	O
,	O
or	O
assistive	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
studies	O
have	O
explored	O
the	O
possibilities	O
of	O
moving	O
past	B-Application
the	I-Application
WIMP	I-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
using	O
reality-based	O
interaction	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
interface	O
"	O
three-dimensional	O
"	O
by	O
adding	O
visual	O
depth	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
monocular	O
cues	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
combining	O
depth	O
with	O
physics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latter	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
BumpTop	B-Application
desktop	I-Application
and	O
its	O
acquisition	O
and	O
release	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
