<s>
WASTE	O
is	O
a	O
peer-to-peer	O
and	O
friend-to-friend	O
protocol	O
and	O
software	O
application	O
developed	O
by	O
Justin	O
Frankel	O
at	O
Nullsoft	O
in	O
2003	O
that	O
features	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
,	O
chat	O
rooms	O
,	O
and	O
file	O
browsing/sharing	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
novel	O
,	O
W.A.S.T.E.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
page	O
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
a	O
statement	O
claiming	O
that	O
the	O
posting	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
was	O
unauthorized	O
and	O
that	O
no	O
lawful	O
rights	O
to	O
it	O
were	O
held	O
by	O
anyone	O
who	O
had	O
downloaded	O
it	O
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
claim	O
that	O
the	O
software	O
was	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SourceForge	B-Application
edition	O
is	O
considered	O
by	O
many	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
official	O
development	O
branch	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
are	O
several	O
forks	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WASTE	O
is	O
a	O
decentralized	B-Operating_System
chat	O
,	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
and	O
file	O
sharing	O
program	O
and	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
behaves	O
similarly	O
to	O
a	O
virtual	B-Application
private	I-Application
network	I-Application
by	O
connecting	O
to	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
trusted	O
computers	O
,	O
as	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
kind	O
of	O
network	O
is	O
commonly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
a	O
darknet	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
encryption	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
transmit	O
and	O
receive	O
instant	B-Application
messages	I-Application
,	O
chat	O
,	O
and	O
files	O
,	O
maintain	O
the	O
connection	O
,	O
and	O
browse	O
and	O
search	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WASTE	O
networks	O
are	O
decentralized	B-Operating_System
(	O
see	O
social	O
networks	O
)	O
,	O
meaning	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
central	O
hub	O
or	O
server	O
that	O
everyone	O
connects	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Normally	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
accomplished	O
by	O
having	O
individuals	O
sharing	O
their	O
RSA	B-Architecture
public	O
keys	O
,	O
ensuring	O
that	O
their	O
computers	O
are	O
accessible	O
via	O
the	O
appropriate	O
ports	O
(	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
parties	O
must	O
have	O
an	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
and	O
port	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
reached	O
by	O
the	O
other	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
entering	O
the	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
and	O
port	O
of	O
someone	O
on	O
the	O
network	O
to	O
connect	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
network	O
,	O
public	O
keys	O
are	O
automatically	O
exchanged	O
amongst	O
members	O
(	O
provided	O
enough	O
of	O
the	O
members	O
are	O
set	O
to	O
forward	O
and	O
accept	O
public	O
keys	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
nodes	O
will	O
then	O
attempt	O
to	O
connect	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
strengthening	O
the	O
network	O
(	O
decreasing	O
the	O
odds	O
that	O
any	O
one	O
node	B-Protocol
going	O
down	O
will	O
collapse	O
or	O
shut	O
out	O
any	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
increasing	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
possible	O
routes	O
from	O
any	O
given	O
point	O
to	O
any	O
other	O
point	O
,	O
decreasing	O
latency	O
and	O
bandwidth	O
required	O
for	O
communication	O
and	O
file	O
transfer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
WASTE	O
connects	O
small	O
,	O
private	O
groups	O
rather	O
than	O
large	O
,	O
public	O
ones	O
,	O
the	O
network	O
search	O
feature	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
fastest	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
decentralized	B-Operating_System
P2P	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
and	O
file	O
sharing	O
capabilities	O
are	O
much	O
closer	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
AOL	B-Protocol
Instant	I-Protocol
Messenger	I-Protocol
than	O
more	O
typical	O
file	O
sharing	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Members	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
can	O
create	O
private	O
and	O
public	O
chat	O
rooms	O
,	O
instant	B-Application
message	I-Application
each	O
other	O
,	O
browse	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
files	O
,	O
and	O
trade	O
files	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
pushing	O
or	O
active	O
sending	O
of	O
files	O
by	O
hosts	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
more	O
common	O
downloading	O
by	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
probably	O
chosen	O
because	O
of	O
1337	O
's	O
leet	B-Language
connotations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Secured	O
through	O
the	O
trade	O
of	O
RSA	B-Architecture
public	O
keys	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
safe	O
and	O
secure	O
communication	O
and	O
data	O
transfer	O
with	O
trusted	O
hosts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
nodes	O
(	O
each	O
a	O
trusted	O
connection	O
)	O
automatically	O
determine	O
the	O
lowest	O
latency	O
route	O
for	O
traffic	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
doing	O
so	O
,	O
load	B-Application
balance	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Trading	O
public	O
keys	O
,	O
enabling	O
port	B-Protocol
forwarding	I-Protocol
on	O
your	O
firewall	B-Application
(	O
if	O
necessary	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
connecting	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
difficult	O
and/or	O
tedious	O
process	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
n't	O
very	O
technically	O
proficient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
central	O
server	O
,	O
once	O
someone	O
disconnects	O
from	O
the	O
network	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
know	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
network	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
to	O
reconnect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
the	O
network	O
will	O
drift	O
from	O
all	O
the	O
IP	B-Protocol
addresses	I-Protocol
used	O
before	O
so	O
that	O
none	O
are	O
known	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
becomes	O
necessary	O
to	O
contact	O
a	O
network	O
member	O
and	O
ask	O
for	O
address	O
information	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
reconnect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
takes	O
at	O
least	O
some	O
coordination	O
to	O
keep	O
a	O
WASTE	O
network	O
intact	O
;	O
this	O
can	O
be	O
as	O
simple	O
as	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
volunteers	O
with	O
a	O
static	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
or	O
a	O
fixed	O
dynamic	B-Protocol
DNS	I-Protocol
(	O
DDNS	B-Protocol
)	O
address	O
(	O
available	O
free	O
of	O
charge	O
from	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
providers	O
)	O
keeping	O
their	O
node	B-Protocol
up	O
to	O
allow	O
people	O
to	O
reconnect	O
to	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
encryption	O
is	O
performed	O
using	O
the	O
Blowfish	B-Algorithm
algorithm	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
strong	O
,	O
the	O
PCBC	O
mode	O
used	O
has	O
several	O
known	O
security	O
flaws	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WASTE	O
version	O
1.6	O
reduces	O
the	O
chances	O
of	O
eavesdropping	O
by	O
using	O
public	O
keys	O
for	O
communication	O
,	O
but	O
as	O
network	O
members	O
may	O
choose	O
any	O
nickname	O
a	O
user	O
must	O
know	O
and	O
recognize	O
the	O
hash	B-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
person	O
they	O
wish	O
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
to	O
be	O
sure	O
of	O
their	O
identity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
connect	O
from	O
behind	O
a	O
firewall	B-Application
,	O
one	O
party	O
must	O
have	O
the	O
proper	O
port	O
forwarded	O
to	O
their	O
computer	O
;	O
as	O
WASTE	O
networks	O
do	O
not	O
depend	O
on	O
a	O
central	O
server	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
way	O
around	O
this	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
one	O
node	B-Protocol
accepts	O
incoming	O
connections	O
it	O
can	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
server	O
,	O
connecting	O
nodes	O
that	O
cannot	O
themselves	O
accept	O
incoming	O
connections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WASTE	O
1.7.4	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
was	O
released	O
on	O
24	O
December	O
2008	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
current	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
branch	O
on	O
SourceForge	B-Application
created	O
because	O
of	O
inactivity	O
on	O
the	O
main	O
WASTE	O
development	O
branch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
cross-platform	O
(	O
including	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
)	O
beta	O
version	O
of	O
WASTE	O
called	O
Waste	O
1.5	O
beta	O
4	O
a.k.a.	O
</s>
<s>
wxWaste	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
WxWidgets	B-Language
toolkit	O
is	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VIA	O
Technologies	O
released	O
a	O
fork	B-Application
of	O
WASTE	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
PadlockSL	O
,	O
but	O
removed	O
the	O
product	O
's	O
website	O
after	O
a	O
few	O
weeks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
interface	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
Qt	B-Language
and	O
the	O
client	O
was	O
available	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBelt	O
WASTE	O
is	O
a	O
released	O
fork	B-Application
of	O
WASTE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
uPnP	O
support	O
to	O
automatically	O
handle	O
port	B-Protocol
forwarding	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
