<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
real-time	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
(	O
or	O
RTOS	B-Operating_System
)	O
developed	O
as	O
proprietary	B-Application
software	I-Application
by	O
Wind	O
River	O
Systems	O
,	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Aptiv	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
released	O
in	O
1987	O
,	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
is	O
designed	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
requiring	O
real-time	O
,	O
deterministic	O
performance	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
,	O
safety	O
and	O
security	O
certification	O
for	O
industries	O
such	O
as	O
aerospace	O
,	O
defense	O
,	O
medical	O
devices	O
,	O
industrial	O
equipment	O
,	O
robotics	O
,	O
energy	O
,	O
transportation	O
,	O
network	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
automotive	O
,	O
and	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
supports	O
AMD/Intel	O
architecture	O
,	O
POWER	O
architecture	O
,	O
ARM	B-Architecture
architectures	I-Architecture
and	O
RISC-V	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RTOS	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
multicore	O
asymmetric	B-Operating_System
multiprocessing	I-Operating_System
(	O
AMP	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
symmetric	B-Operating_System
multiprocessing	I-Operating_System
(	O
SMP	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
and	O
mixed	O
modes	O
and	O
multi-OS	O
(	O
via	O
Type	O
1	O
hypervisor	O
)	O
designs	O
on	O
32	O
-	O
and	O
64-bit	B-Device
processors	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
comes	O
with	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
middleware	O
,	O
board	B-Operating_System
support	I-Operating_System
packages	I-Operating_System
,	O
Wind	O
River	O
Workbench	O
development	O
suite	O
and	O
complementary	O
third-party	O
software	O
and	O
hardware	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
its	O
latest	O
release	O
,	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
7	O
,	O
the	O
RTOS	B-Operating_System
has	O
been	O
re-engineered	O
for	O
modularity	O
and	O
upgradeability	O
so	O
the	O
OS	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
is	O
separate	O
from	O
middleware	O
,	O
applications	O
and	O
other	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scalability	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
safety	O
,	O
connectivity	O
,	O
and	O
graphics	O
have	O
been	O
improved	O
to	O
address	O
Internet	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Things	I-Operating_System
(	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
)	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
started	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
as	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
enhancements	O
to	O
a	O
simple	O
RTOS	B-Operating_System
called	O
VRTX	B-Operating_System
sold	O
by	O
Ready	B-Operating_System
Systems	I-Operating_System
(	O
becoming	O
a	O
Mentor	O
Graphics	O
product	O
in	O
1995	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wind	O
River	O
acquired	O
rights	O
to	O
distribute	O
VRTX	B-Operating_System
and	O
significantly	O
enhanced	O
it	O
by	O
adding	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
a	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
and	O
an	O
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1987	O
,	O
anticipating	O
the	O
termination	O
of	O
its	O
reseller	O
contract	O
by	O
Ready	B-Operating_System
Systems	I-Operating_System
,	O
Wind	O
River	O
developed	O
its	O
own	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
to	O
replace	O
VRTX	B-Operating_System
within	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
describes	O
the	O
development	O
environment	O
,	O
runtime	O
setting	O
,	O
and	O
system	O
call	O
families	O
of	O
the	O
RTOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Written	O
by	O
Wind	O
River	O
employees	O
with	O
a	O
foreword	O
by	O
Jerry	O
Fiddler	O
,	O
chairman	O
,	O
and	O
co-founder	O
of	O
Wind	O
River	O
,	O
the	O
textbook	O
is	O
an	O
excellent	O
tutorial	O
on	O
the	O
RTOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
key	O
milestones	O
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
1980s	O
:	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
adds	O
support	O
for	O
32-bit	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1990s	O
:	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
5	O
becomes	O
the	O
first	O
RTOS	B-Operating_System
with	O
a	O
networking	O
stack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2000s	O
:	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
6	O
supports	O
SMP	B-Operating_System
and	O
adds	O
derivative	O
industry-specific	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2010s	O
:	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
adds	O
support	O
for	O
64-bit	B-Device
processing	O
and	O
introduces	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
7	O
for	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2020s	O
:	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
continues	O
to	O
update	O
and	O
add	O
support	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
power	O
the	O
Mars	O
2020	O
lander	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
supports	O
Intel	O
architecture	O
,	O
Power	O
architecture	O
,	O
and	O
ARM	B-Architecture
architectures	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RTOS	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
multi-core	O
asymmetric	B-Operating_System
multiprocessing	I-Operating_System
(	O
AMP	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
symmetric	B-Operating_System
multiprocessing	I-Operating_System
(	O
SMP	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
mixed	O
modes	O
and	O
multi-OS	O
(	O
via	O
Type	O
1	O
hypervisor	O
)	O
designs	O
on	O
32	O
-	O
and	O
64	O
-	O
bit	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
consists	O
of	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
runtime	O
components	O
and	O
development	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
run	O
time	O
components	O
are	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
(	O
UP	O
and	O
SMP	B-Operating_System
;	O
32	O
-	O
and	O
64-bit	B-Device
)	O
,	O
software	O
for	O
applications	O
support	O
(	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
core	O
network	O
stack	O
,	O
USB	B-Protocol
stack	O
,	O
and	O
inter-process	O
communications	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
hardware	O
support	O
(	O
architecture	O
adapter	O
,	O
processor	O
support	O
library	O
,	O
device	O
driver	O
library	O
,	O
and	O
board	B-Operating_System
support	I-Operating_System
packages	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
core	O
development	O
tools	O
are	O
compilers	O
such	O
as	O
Diab	O
,	O
GNU	O
,	O
and	O
Intel	O
C++	O
Compiler	O
(	O
ICC	O
)	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
build	O
and	O
configuration	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
platform	O
is	O
a	O
modular	O
,	O
vendor-neutral	O
,	O
open	B-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
that	O
supports	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
third-party	O
software	O
and	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OS	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
is	O
separate	O
from	O
middleware	O
,	O
applications	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
packages	O
,	O
which	O
enables	O
easier	O
bug	O
fixes	O
and	O
testing	O
of	O
new	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
layered	O
source	O
build	O
system	O
allows	O
multiple	O
versions	O
of	O
any	O
stack	O
to	O
be	O
installed	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
so	O
developers	O
can	O
select	O
which	O
version	O
of	O
any	O
feature	O
set	O
should	O
go	O
into	O
the	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
kernel	B-Operating_System
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Optional	O
advanced	O
technology	O
for	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
provides	O
add-on	O
technology-related	O
capabilities	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Native	O
64-bit	B-Device
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
(	O
only	O
one	O
64-bit	B-Device
architecture	I-Device
supported	O
:	O
x86-64	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2014	O
,	O
Wind	O
River	O
introduced	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
7	O
,	O
which	O
emphasizes	O
scalability	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
safety	O
,	O
connectivity	O
,	O
graphics	O
,	O
and	O
virtualization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
has	O
been	O
ported	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
platforms	O
and	O
now	O
runs	O
on	O
practically	O
any	O
modern	O
CPU	O
that	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
embedded	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
the	O
Intel	B-Operating_System
x86	I-Operating_System
family	O
(	O
including	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
Quark	I-Device
SoC	O
)	O
,	O
MIPS	B-Device
,	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
(	O
and	O
BAE	O
RAD	O
)	O
,	O
Freescale	B-Device
ColdFire	I-Device
,	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
i960	I-General_Concept
,	O
SPARC	B-Architecture
,	O
Fujitsu	B-General_Concept
FR-V	I-General_Concept
,	O
SH-4	O
and	O
the	O
closely	O
related	O
family	O
of	O
ARM	B-Architecture
,	O
StrongARM	B-Device
and	O
xScale	B-Application
CPUs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
provides	O
a	O
standard	O
board	B-Operating_System
support	I-Operating_System
package	I-Operating_System
(	O
BSP	O
)	O
interface	O
between	O
all	O
its	O
supported	O
hardware	O
and	O
the	O
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wind	O
River	O
's	O
BSP	O
developer	O
kit	O
provides	O
a	O
common	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
API	B-Application
)	O
and	O
a	O
stable	O
environment	O
for	O
real-time	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
is	O
supported	O
by	O
popular	O
SSL/TLS	B-Protocol
libraries	O
such	O
as	O
wolfSSL	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
is	O
common	O
in	O
embedded	B-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
development	O
,	O
cross-compiling	B-Application
is	O
used	O
with	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
is	O
done	O
on	O
a	O
"	O
host	O
"	O
system	O
where	O
an	O
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
(	O
IDE	O
)	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
editor	O
,	O
compiler	O
toolchain	O
,	O
debugger	O
,	O
and	O
emulator	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
uses	O
the	O
following	O
host	O
environments	O
and	O
target	O
hardware	O
architectures	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
supports	O
the	O
following	O
target	O
architectures	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
latest	O
target	O
architecture	O
,	O
processors	O
and	O
board	B-Operating_System
support	I-Operating_System
packages	I-Operating_System
,	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
Marketplace	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Eclipse-based	O
Workbench	O
IDE	O
that	O
comes	O
with	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
is	O
used	O
to	O
configure	O
,	O
analyze	O
,	O
optimize	O
,	O
and	O
debug	O
a	O
VxWorks-based	O
system	O
under	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Tornado	O
IDE	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
5.x	O
and	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
Eclipse-based	O
Workbench	O
IDE	O
for	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
6.x	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
7	O
uses	O
Wind	O
River	O
Workbench	O
4	O
which	O
updates	O
to	O
the	O
Eclipse	B-Application
4	O
base	O
provides	O
full	O
third	O
party	O
plug-in	O
support	O
and	O
usability	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wind	O
River	O
Simics	B-Application
is	O
a	O
standalone	O
simulation	O
tool	O
compatible	O
with	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simics	B-Application
enables	O
early	O
and	O
continuous	O
system	O
integration	O
and	O
faster	O
prototyping	O
by	O
utilizing	O
virtual	O
prototypes	O
instead	O
of	O
physical	O
prototypes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
is	O
used	O
by	O
products	O
across	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
market	O
areas	O
:	O
aerospace	O
and	O
defense	O
,	O
automotive	O
,	O
industrial	O
such	O
as	O
robots	O
,	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
,	O
medical	O
area	O
and	O
networking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
notable	O
products	O
also	O
use	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
as	O
the	O
onboard	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Deep	O
Space	O
Program	O
Science	O
Experiment	O
(	O
DSPSE	O
)	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Clementine	O
(	O
spacecraft	O
)	O
Clementine	O
launched	O
in	O
1994	O
running	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
5.1	O
on	O
a	O
MIPS-based	O
CPU	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
Star	O
Tracker	O
and	O
image	O
processing	O
algorithms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
External	O
RAID	B-Architecture
controllers	O
designed	O
by	O
the	O
LSI	O
Corporation/Engenio	O
prior	O
to	O
2011	O
,	O
now	O
designed	O
by	O
NetApp	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
July	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
paper	O
published	O
by	O
Armis	O
exposed	O
11	O
critical	O
vulnerabilities	O
,	O
including	O
remote	O
code	O
execution	O
,	O
denial	O
of	O
service	O
,	O
information	O
leaks	O
,	O
and	O
logical	O
flaws	O
impacting	O
more	O
than	O
two	O
billion	O
devices	O
using	O
the	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
RTOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
from	O
Armis	O
shows	O
how	O
an	O
attacker	O
can	O
tunnel	B-Protocol
into	O
an	O
internal	O
network	O
using	O
the	O
vulnerability	O
and	O
hack	O
into	O
printers	O
,	O
laptops	O
,	O
and	O
any	O
other	O
connected	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Information	O
and	O
patches	O
for	O
all	O
VxWorks	B-Operating_System
versions	O
affected	O
by	O
Urgent/11	O
vulnerability	O
can	O
be	O
obtained	O
from	O
Wind	O
River	O
.	O
</s>
