<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
is	O
a	O
low-overhead	O
,	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
API	B-General_Concept
,	O
open	O
standard	O
for	O
3D	O
graphics	O
and	O
computing	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
targets	O
high-performance	O
real-time	O
3D-graphics	O
applications	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
video	O
games	O
and	O
interactive	O
media	O
,	O
and	O
highly	O
parallelized	B-Operating_System
computing	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
is	O
intended	O
to	O
offer	O
higher	O
performance	O
and	O
more	O
efficient	O
CPU	B-Device
and	O
GPU	B-Architecture
usage	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
older	O
OpenGL	B-Application
and	O
Direct3D	B-Application
11	B-Application
APIs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
does	O
so	O
by	O
providing	O
a	O
considerably	O
lower-level	O
API	B-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
application	O
than	O
the	O
older	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
that	O
more	O
closely	O
resembles	O
how	O
modern	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
is	O
comparable	O
to	O
Apple	O
's	O
Metal	B-Library
API	I-Library
and	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Direct3D	B-Application
12	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
harder	O
to	O
use	O
than	O
the	O
higher-level	O
OpenGL	B-Application
and	O
Direct3D	B-Application
11	B-Application
APIs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
its	O
lower	O
CPU	B-Device
usage	O
,	O
Vulkan	B-Application
is	O
designed	O
to	O
allow	O
developers	O
to	O
better	O
distribute	O
work	O
among	O
multiple	B-Architecture
CPU	I-Architecture
cores	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
was	O
first	O
announced	O
by	O
the	O
non-profit	O
Khronos	B-Library
Group	I-Library
at	O
GDC	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Vulkan	B-Application
API	I-Application
was	O
initially	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
next	O
generation	O
OpenGL	B-Application
initiative	O
"	O
,	O
or	O
"	O
OpenGL	B-Application
next	O
"	O
by	O
Khronos	B-Library
,	O
but	O
use	O
of	O
those	O
names	O
was	O
discontinued	O
when	O
"	O
Vulkan	B-Application
"	O
was	O
announced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
is	O
derived	O
from	O
and	O
built	O
upon	O
components	O
of	O
AMD	O
's	O
Mantle	B-Application
API	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
donated	O
by	O
AMD	O
to	O
Khronos	B-Library
with	O
the	O
intent	O
of	O
giving	O
Khronos	B-Library
a	O
foundation	O
on	O
which	O
to	O
begin	O
developing	O
a	O
low-level	O
API	B-General_Concept
that	O
they	O
could	O
standardize	O
across	O
the	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
is	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
advantages	O
over	O
other	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
predecessor	O
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
offers	O
lower	O
overhead	O
,	O
more	O
direct	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
GPU	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
lower	O
CPU	B-Device
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
overall	O
concept	O
and	O
feature	O
set	O
of	O
Vulkan	B-Application
is	O
similar	O
to	O
concepts	O
seen	O
in	O
Mantle	B-Application
and	O
later	O
adopted	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
with	O
Direct3D	B-Application
12	O
and	O
Apple	O
with	O
Metal	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intended	O
advantages	O
of	O
Vulkan	B-Application
over	O
previous-generation	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
include	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
single	O
API	B-General_Concept
for	O
both	O
desktop	O
and	O
mobile	O
graphics	O
devices	O
,	O
whereas	O
previously	O
these	O
were	O
split	O
between	O
OpenGL	B-Application
and	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
is	O
available	O
on	O
multiple	O
modern	O
operating	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
OpenGL	B-Application
,	O
and	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
Direct3D	B-Application
12	O
,	O
the	O
Vulkan	B-Application
API	I-Application
is	O
not	O
locked	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
OS	O
or	O
device	O
form	O
factor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
runs	O
natively	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
,	O
QNX	B-Operating_System
,	O
Haiku	B-Language
,	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
,	O
</s>
<s>
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
,	O
Stadia	B-Application
,	O
Fuchsia	B-Language
,	O
Tizen	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
,	O
8	B-Application
,	O
10	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
11	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
MoltenVK	B-Operating_System
provides	O
freely-licensed	O
third-party	O
support	O
for	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
tvOS	B-Operating_System
by	O
wrapping	O
over	O
Apple	O
's	O
Metal	B-Library
API	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
reduces	O
load	O
on	O
CPUs	B-Device
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
batching	B-General_Concept
and	O
other	O
low-level	O
optimizations	O
,	O
therefore	O
reducing	O
CPU	B-Device
workloads	O
and	O
leaving	O
the	O
CPU	B-Device
free	O
to	O
do	O
more	O
computation	O
or	O
rendering	O
than	O
would	O
otherwise	O
be	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Direct3D	B-Application
11	B-Application
and	O
OpenGL	B-Application
4	O
were	O
initially	O
designed	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
single-core	O
CPUs	B-Device
and	O
only	O
received	O
augmentation	O
to	O
be	O
executed	O
on	O
multi-cores	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
when	O
application	O
developers	O
use	O
the	O
augmentations	O
,	O
these	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
regularly	O
do	O
not	O
scale	O
well	O
on	O
multi-cores	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
offers	O
improved	O
scalability	O
on	O
multi-core	B-Architecture
CPUs	I-Architecture
due	O
to	O
the	O
modernized	O
threading	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
uses	O
the	O
high-level	O
language	O
GLSL	B-Language
for	O
writing	O
shaders	O
,	O
which	O
forces	O
each	O
OpenGL	B-Application
driver	O
to	O
implement	O
its	O
own	O
compiler	B-Language
for	O
GLSL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
then	O
executes	O
at	O
application	O
runtime	O
to	O
translate	O
the	O
program	O
's	O
shaders	O
into	O
the	O
GPU	B-Architecture
's	O
machine	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
Vulkan	B-Application
drivers	O
are	O
supposed	O
to	O
ingest	O
shaders	O
already	O
translated	O
into	O
an	O
intermediate	O
binary	O
format	O
called	O
SPIR-V	B-Application
(	O
Standard	B-Application
Portable	I-Application
Intermediate	I-Application
Representation	I-Application
)	O
,	O
analogous	O
to	O
the	O
binary	O
format	O
that	O
HLSL	B-Language
shaders	O
are	O
compiled	B-Language
into	O
in	O
Direct3D	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
allowing	O
shader	O
pre-compilation	O
,	O
application	O
initialization	O
speed	O
is	O
improved	O
and	O
a	O
larger	O
variety	O
of	O
shaders	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
per	O
scene	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Vulkan	B-Application
driver	O
only	O
needs	O
to	O
perform	O
GPU	B-Architecture
specific	O
optimization	O
and	O
code	O
generation	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
easier	O
driver	O
maintenance	O
,	O
and	O
potentially	O
smaller	O
driver	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
provides	O
unified	O
management	O
of	O
compute	B-Operating_System
kernels	I-Operating_System
and	O
graphical	O
shaders	O
,	O
eliminating	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
separate	O
compute	O
API	B-General_Concept
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
a	O
graphics	O
API	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ray	B-Algorithm
tracing	I-Algorithm
is	O
provided	O
in	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
cross-vendor	O
extensions	O
,	O
which	O
together	O
are	O
analogous	O
to	O
the	O
OptiX	B-Algorithm
and	O
DirectX	B-Algorithm
Raytracing	I-Algorithm
APIs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
such	O
functionality	O
is	O
exposed	O
in	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
NVIDIA	O
states	O
that	O
"	O
OpenGL	B-Application
is	O
still	O
a	O
great	O
option	O
for	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
use	O
cases	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
comes	O
at	O
a	O
much	O
lower	O
complexity	O
and	O
maintenance	O
burden	O
than	O
Vulkan	B-Application
,	O
while	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
still	O
providing	O
great	O
overall	O
performance.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
AMD	O
states	O
that	O
"	O
Vulkan	B-Application
supports	O
Close	O
To	O
Metal	B-Library
control	O
,	O
enabling	O
faster	O
performance	O
and	O
better	O
image	O
quality	O
across	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
,	O
Windows	O
8.1	O
,	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
other	O
graphics	O
API	B-General_Concept
offers	O
the	O
same	O
powerful	O
combination	O
of	O
OS	O
compatibility	O
,	O
rendering	O
features	O
,	O
and	O
hardware	O
efficiency.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
SIGGRAPH	O
2016	O
,	O
Khronos	B-Library
announced	O
that	O
Vulkan	B-Application
would	O
be	O
getting	O
support	O
for	O
automatic	O
multi-GPU	O
features	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
offered	O
by	O
Direct3D	B-Application
12	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multi-GPU	O
support	O
included	O
in-API	O
removes	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
SLI	O
or	O
Crossfire	O
which	O
requires	O
graphics	O
cards	O
to	O
be	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
API	B-General_Concept
multi-GPU	O
instead	O
allows	O
the	O
API	B-General_Concept
to	O
intelligently	O
split	O
the	O
workload	O
among	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
completely	O
different	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
integrated	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
included	O
on	O
the	O
CPU	B-Device
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
a	O
high-end	O
dedicated	O
GPU	B-Architecture
for	O
a	O
slight	O
performance	O
boost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
7	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.1	O
was	O
released	O
by	O
the	B-Library
Khronos	I-Library
Group	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
first	O
major	O
update	O
to	O
the	O
API	B-General_Concept
standardized	O
several	O
extensions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
multi-view	O
,	O
device	O
groups	O
,	O
cross-process	O
and	O
cross-API	O
sharing	O
,	O
advanced	O
compute	O
functionality	O
,	O
HLSL	B-Language
support	O
,	O
and	O
YCbCr	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
brought	O
better	O
compatibility	O
with	O
DirectX	O
12	O
,	O
explicit	O
multi-GPU	O
support	O
,	O
ray	B-Algorithm
tracing	I-Algorithm
support	O
,	O
and	O
laid	O
the	O
groundwork	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
generation	O
of	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alongside	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.1	O
,	O
SPIR-V	B-Application
was	O
updated	O
to	O
version	O
1.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
15	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.2	O
was	O
released	O
by	O
the	B-Library
Khronos	I-Library
Group	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
second	O
major	O
update	O
to	O
the	O
API	B-General_Concept
integrates	O
23	O
additional	O
commonly-used	O
proven	O
Vulkan	B-Application
extensions	O
into	O
the	O
base	O
Vulkan	B-Application
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
additional	O
features	O
of	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.2	O
improve	O
its	O
flexibility	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
implementing	O
other	O
graphics	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
on	O
top	O
of	O
Vulkan	B-Application
,	O
including	O
"	O
uniform	O
buffer	O
standard	O
layout	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
scalar	O
block	O
layout	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
separate	O
stencil	O
usage	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
25	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.3	O
was	O
released	O
by	O
the	B-Library
Khronos	I-Library
Group	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
third	O
major	O
update	O
to	O
the	O
API	B-General_Concept
integrates	O
23	O
additional	O
commonly-used	O
proven	O
Vulkan	B-Application
extensions	O
into	O
the	O
base	O
Vulkan	B-Application
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
1.3	O
focuses	O
on	O
reducing	O
fragmentation	O
by	O
making	O
the	O
new	O
features	O
not	O
optional	O
in	O
order	O
for	O
a	O
device	O
to	O
be	O
considered	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.3	O
capable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
features	O
in	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.3	O
include	O
dynamic	O
rendering	O
,	O
additional	O
dynamic	O
state	O
,	O
improved	O
synchronization	O
API	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
device	O
profiles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
releasing	O
OpenCL	B-Application
2.2	O
,	O
the	B-Library
Khronos	I-Library
Group	I-Library
announced	O
that	O
OpenCL	B-Application
would	O
converge	O
where	O
possible	O
with	O
Vulkan	B-Application
to	O
enable	O
OpenCL	B-Application
software	O
deployment	O
flexibility	O
over	O
both	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
has	O
been	O
now	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
Adobe	O
's	O
Premiere	O
Rush	O
using	O
the	O
clspv	O
open	O
source	O
compiler	B-Language
to	O
compile	B-Language
significant	O
amounts	O
of	O
OpenCL	B-Application
C	B-Language
kernel	B-Operating_System
code	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
Vulkan	B-Application
runtime	O
for	O
deployment	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Library
Khronos	I-Library
Group	I-Library
began	O
a	O
project	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
next	O
generation	O
graphics	O
API	B-General_Concept
in	O
July	O
2014	O
with	O
a	O
kickoff	O
meeting	O
at	O
Valve	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
US	O
Patent	O
and	O
Trademark	O
Office	O
,	O
the	O
trademark	O
for	O
Vulkan	B-Application
was	O
filed	O
on	O
February	O
19	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
was	O
formally	O
named	O
and	O
announced	O
at	O
Game	O
Developers	O
Conference	O
2015	O
,	O
although	O
speculation	O
and	O
rumors	O
centered	O
around	O
a	O
new	O
API	B-General_Concept
existed	O
beforehand	O
and	O
referred	O
to	O
it	O
as	O
"	O
glNext	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
2015	O
,	O
LunarG	O
(	O
funded	O
by	O
Valve	O
)	O
developed	O
and	O
showcased	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
driver	O
for	O
Intel	O
which	O
enabled	O
Vulkan	B-Application
compatibility	O
on	O
the	O
HD	O
4000	O
series	O
integrated	O
graphics	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
open-source	O
Mesa	B-Application
drivers	O
not	O
being	O
fully	O
compatible	O
with	O
OpenGL	B-Application
4.0	O
until	O
later	O
that	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
10	B-Operating_System
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
future	O
versions	O
of	O
Android	B-Application
would	O
support	O
Vulkan	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
7.x	I-Application
"	I-Application
Nougat	I-Application
"	I-Application
launched	O
support	O
for	O
Vulkan	B-Application
on	O
August	O
22	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
8.0	I-Application
"	I-Application
Oreo	I-Application
"	I-Application
has	O
full	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
18	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
the	B-Library
Khronos	I-Library
Group	I-Library
announced	O
that	O
the	O
1.0	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Vulkan	B-Application
specification	O
was	O
nearly	O
complete	O
and	O
would	O
be	O
released	O
when	O
conforming	O
drivers	O
were	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
full	O
Vulkan	B-Application
specification	O
and	O
the	O
open-source	O
Vulkan	B-Application
SDK	O
were	O
released	O
on	O
February	O
16	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
26	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
Khronos	B-Library
Group	I-Library
announced	O
that	O
the	O
Vulkan	B-Application
API	I-Application
became	O
available	O
to	O
all	O
on	O
macOS	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
through	O
the	O
MoltenVK	B-Operating_System
library	O
,	O
which	O
enables	O
Vulkan	B-Application
to	O
run	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
Metal	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previously	O
MoltenVK	B-Operating_System
was	O
a	O
proprietary	O
and	O
commercially	O
licensed	O
solution	O
,	O
but	O
Valve	O
made	O
an	O
arrangement	O
with	O
developer	O
Brenwill	O
Workshop	O
Ltd	O
to	O
open-source	O
MoltenVK	B-Operating_System
under	O
the	O
Apache	O
2.0	O
license	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
the	O
library	O
is	O
now	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valve	O
also	O
announced	O
that	O
Dota	B-Application
2	I-Application
can	O
as	O
of	O
February	O
26	O
,	O
2018	O
run	O
on	O
macOS	B-Application
using	O
the	O
Vulkan	B-Application
API	I-Application
,	O
which	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
MoltenVK	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
25	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
Vulkan	B-Application
Safety	O
Critical	O
(	O
SC	O
)	O
Working	O
Group	O
was	O
announced	O
to	O
bring	O
Vulkan	B-Application
GPU	B-Architecture
acceleration	O
to	O
safety	O
critical	O
industries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Stadia	B-Application
streaming	O
cloud	B-Application
gaming	I-Application
service	I-Application
uses	O
Vulkan	B-Application
on	O
Linux	B-Application
based	O
servers	O
with	O
AMD	B-Architecture
GPUs	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
15	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.2	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alongside	O
the	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.2	O
release	O
,	O
the	B-Library
Khronos	I-Library
Group	I-Library
posted	O
a	O
blog	O
post	O
which	O
considered	O
that	O
HLSL	B-Language
support	O
in	O
Vulkan	B-Application
had	O
reached	O
"	O
production	O
ready	O
"	O
status	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
improvements	O
in	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
DXC	O
compiler	B-Language
and	O
Khronos	B-Library
's	O
glslang	B-Language
compiler	B-Language
,	O
and	O
new	O
features	O
in	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.2	O
which	O
enhance	O
HLSL	B-Language
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
3	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
working	O
on	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
Vulkan	B-Application
driver	O
for	O
their	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
popular	O
single	O
board	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
17	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
Khronos	B-Library
Group	I-Library
released	O
the	O
Ray	B-Algorithm
Tracing	I-Algorithm
extensions	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
Nvidia	O
's	O
proprietary	O
extension	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
major	O
extensions	O
and	O
many	O
minor	O
changes	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
Nvidia	O
's	O
OptiX	B-Algorithm
API	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
23	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
these	O
Ray	B-Algorithm
Tracing	I-Algorithm
extensions	O
were	O
finalized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
24	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
announced	O
that	O
their	O
driver	O
for	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
is	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.0	O
conformant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
25	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.3	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
1	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Vulkan	B-Application
SC	O
1.0	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
bringing	O
Vulkan	B-Application
graphics	O
and	O
compute	O
for	O
the	O
safety-critical	O
industry	O
while	O
being	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.2	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
1	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Foundation	O
announced	O
that	O
their	O
driver	O
for	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
4	O
is	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.2	O
conformant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initial	O
specifications	O
stated	O
that	O
Vulkan	B-Application
drivers	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
on	O
any	O
hardware	O
that	O
supports	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
3.1	O
or	O
OpenGL	B-Application
4.x	O
and	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
Vulkan	B-Application
support	O
requires	O
new	O
graphics	O
drivers	O
,	O
this	O
does	O
not	O
necessarily	O
imply	O
that	O
every	O
existing	O
device	O
that	O
supports	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
3.1	O
or	O
OpenGL	B-Application
4.x	O
will	O
have	O
Vulkan	B-Application
drivers	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
March	O
2023	O
,	O
Intel	O
has	O
split	O
Vulkan	B-Application
driver	O
support	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Skylake	B-Architecture
through	O
Ice	B-Device
Lake	I-Device
supports	O
up	O
to	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.3	O
,	O
with	O
limited	O
support	O
after	O
July	O
2022	O
as	O
future	O
updates	O
will	O
only	O
cover	O
security	O
fixes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
as	O
of	O
March	O
2023	O
there	O
is	O
incomplete	O
Vulkan	B-Application
support	O
for	O
Haswell	B-Device
with	O
it	O
not	O
being	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.0	O
compliant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apart	O
from	O
Haswell	B-Device
,	O
Ivy	B-Device
Bridge	I-Device
and	O
Broadwell	B-General_Concept
are	O
also	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
legacy	O
Vulkan	B-Application
driver	O
in	O
Mesa	B-Application
called	O
HASVK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Skylake	B-Architecture
and	O
newer	O
being	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
driver	O
in	O
Mesa	B-Application
called	O
ANV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.2	O
is	O
supported	O
from	O
GCN	B-Architecture
1.0	O
to	O
GCN	B-Architecture
3.0	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
further	O
updates	O
planned	O
after	O
June	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GCN	B-Architecture
4.0	O
and	O
newer	O
support	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Linux	B-Application
there	O
are	O
various	O
different	O
Vulkan	B-Application
drivers	O
with	O
varying	O
and	O
overlapping	O
hardware	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
the	O
open-source	O
Vulkan	B-Application
driver	O
called	O
AMDVLK	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
AMD	O
which	O
mirrors	O
Windows	B-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
proprietary	O
driver	O
called	O
AMDGPU-PRO	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
recommended	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
most	O
users	O
as	O
of	O
March	O
2023	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
recommended	O
driver	O
called	O
RADV	O
in	O
Mesa	B-Application
developed	O
by	O
Valve	O
,	O
Red	O
Hat	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
driver	O
as	O
of	O
March	O
2023	O
supports	O
all	O
GCN	B-Architecture
and	O
RDNA	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
RADV	O
driver	O
's	O
support	O
for	O
GCN	B-Architecture
1.0	O
through	O
GCN	B-Architecture
2.0	O
requires	O
its	O
experimental	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
amdgpu	B-Application
kernel	I-Application
module	I-Application
to	O
be	O
enabled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Application
there	O
is	O
the	O
NVIDIA	O
developed	O
Vulkan	B-Application
driver	O
which	O
supports	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.2	O
on	O
Kepler	B-General_Concept
cards	O
with	O
no	O
further	O
updates	O
planned	O
after	O
September	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maxwell	B-General_Concept
and	O
newer	O
support	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
March	O
2023	O
,	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
there	O
is	O
an	O
experimental	O
,	O
incomplete	O
open-source	O
Vulkan	B-Application
driver	O
planned	O
for	O
Mesa	B-Application
called	O
NVK	O
which	O
intends	O
to	O
support	O
Turing	O
and	O
newer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
modern	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
support	O
Vulkan	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
7.0	I-Application
Nougat	I-Application
includes	O
optional	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.0	O
support	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
9.0	I-Application
Pie	I-Application
includes	O
optional	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.1	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
Android	B-Application
10	I-Application
requires	O
all	O
64-bit	O
devices	O
support	O
Vulkan	B-Application
1.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
some	O
ChromeOS	B-Operating_System
devices	O
,	O
the	O
open-source	O
Mesa	B-Application
driver	O
provides	O
support	O
for	O
Arm	B-General_Concept
Mali	I-General_Concept
(	O
Midgard	O
and	O
Bifrost	O
)	O
,	O
Qualcomm	B-General_Concept
Adreno	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
Broadcom	B-General_Concept
VideoCore	I-General_Concept
VI	I-General_Concept
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
June	O
2022	O
,	O
Apple	O
devices	O
do	O
not	O
provide	O
native	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Vulkan	B-Application
API	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
support	O
is	O
available	O
via	O
the	O
open-source	O
library	O
MoltenVK	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
provides	O
a	O
Vulkan	B-Application
implementation	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
Metal	B-Library
graphics	O
API	B-General_Concept
provided	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
macOS	B-Application
devices	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
has	O
some	O
limitations	O
in	O
regards	O
to	O
certain	O
advanced	O
API	B-General_Concept
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2022	O
,	O
version	O
1.3.217	O
of	O
Vulkan	B-Application
added	O
support	O
for	O
Metal	B-Library
objects	O
,	O
facilitating	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2022	O
,	O
Vulkan	B-Application
version	O
1.3.236	O
added	O
small	O
fixes	O
for	O
the	O
interaction	O
with	O
Apple	B-Library
Metal	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
is	O
not	O
backwards	O
compatible	O
with	O
OpenGL	B-Application
,	O
although	O
there	O
are	O
certain	O
projects	O
that	O
implement	O
OpenGL	B-Application
on	O
top	O
of	O
Vulkan	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
ANGLE	B-Language
and	O
Mesa	B-Application
's	O
Zink	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
is	O
also	O
not	O
compatible	O
with	O
other	O
graphics	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
Direct3D	B-Application
,	O
Metal	B-Library
,	O
and	O
Mantle	B-Application
,	O
however	O
implementations	O
of	O
those	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
exist	O
atop	O
of	O
Vulkan	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
Direct3D	B-Application
has	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
implementations	O
,	O
namely	O
for	O
Direct3D	B-Application
9	O
,	O
10	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
11	B-Application
,	O
and	O
for	O
Direct3D	B-Application
12	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
,	O
older	O
versions	O
,	O
of	O
Direct3D	B-Application
may	O
be	O
available	O
as	O
third-party	O
libraries	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
for	O
Direct3D	B-Application
8	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Metal	B-Library
has	O
an	O
in-development	O
third-party	O
implementation	O
named	O
,	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
the	O
Darling	B-Language
compatibility	I-Language
layer	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mantle	B-Application
has	O
an	O
in-development	O
third-party	O
implementation	O
named	O
,	O
to	O
support	O
older	O
Mantle	B-Application
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Platform-specific	B-Architecture
graphics	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
implemented	O
atop	O
of	O
Vulkan	B-Application
may	O
also	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
alternative	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
provides	O
an	O
alternative	O
shared	O
library	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
natively	O
(	O
without	O
the	O
Wine	B-Application
compatibility	I-Application
layer	I-Application
)	O
to	O
help	O
with	O
game	O
porting	O
.	O
</s>
