<s>
In	O
computational	O
fluid	O
dynamics	O
,	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
fluid	O
(	O
VOF	O
)	O
method	O
is	O
a	O
free-surface	B-Application
modelling	I-Application
technique	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
numerical	B-Algorithm
technique	I-Algorithm
for	O
tracking	O
and	O
locating	O
the	O
free	O
surface	O
(	O
or	O
fluid	O
–	O
fluid	O
interface	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
class	O
of	O
Eulerian	O
methods	O
which	O
are	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
mesh	B-Algorithm
that	O
is	O
either	O
stationary	O
or	O
is	O
moving	O
in	O
a	O
certain	O
prescribed	O
manner	O
to	O
accommodate	O
the	O
evolving	O
shape	O
of	O
the	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
volume	B-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
fluid	I-Algorithm
method	I-Algorithm
is	O
based	O
on	O
earlier	O
Marker-and-cell	B-General_Concept
(	O
MAC	O
)	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
VOF	B-Algorithm
method	I-Algorithm
surpassed	O
MAC	O
by	O
lowering	O
computer	O
storage	O
requirements	O
,	O
it	O
quickly	O
became	O
popular	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
VOF	O
with	O
PLIC	O
is	O
a	O
contemporary	O
standard	O
,	O
used	O
in	O
number	O
of	O
computer	O
codes	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
FLOW-3D	O
,	O
Gerris	B-Application
(	O
software	O
)	O
,	O
ANSYS	B-Application
Fluent	I-Application
,	O
OpenFOAM	B-Application
,	O
Simcenter	B-Algorithm
STAR-CCM	I-Algorithm
+	I-Algorithm
and	O
CONVERGE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
evolution	O
of	O
the	O
-th	O
fluid	O
in	O
a	O
system	O
on	O
fluids	O
is	O
governed	O
by	O
the	O
transport	O
equation	O
(	O
actually	O
the	O
same	O
equation	O
that	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
fulfilled	O
by	O
the	O
level-set	B-Algorithm
method	I-Algorithm
distance	O
function	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
VOF	B-Algorithm
method	I-Algorithm
is	O
computationally	O
friendly	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
introduces	O
only	O
one	O
additional	O
equation	O
and	O
thus	O
requires	O
minimal	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
using	O
the	O
VOF	B-Algorithm
method	I-Algorithm
,	O
one	O
also	O
evades	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
complicated	O
mesh	B-Algorithm
deformation	O
algorithms	O
used	O
by	O
surface-tracking	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
a	O
VOF	B-Algorithm
method	I-Algorithm
depends	O
heavily	O
on	O
the	O
scheme	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
advection	O
of	O
the	O
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
distance	O
function	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Level-Set	B-Algorithm
method	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
original	O
VOF-article	O
by	O
Hirt	O
,	O
a	O
donor-acceptor	B-Algorithm
scheme	I-Algorithm
was	O
employed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
donor-acceptor	B-Algorithm
scheme	I-Algorithm
is	O
based	O
on	O
two	O
fundamental	O
criteria	O
,	O
namely	O
the	O
boundedness	O
criterion	O
and	O
the	O
availability	O
criterion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
methods	O
include	O
the	O
Compressive	O
Interface	O
Capturing	O
Scheme	O
for	O
Arbitrary	O
Meshes	B-Algorithm
(	O
CICSAM	O
)	O
and	O
High	O
Resolution	O
Interface	O
Capturing	O
(	O
HRIC	O
)	O
scheme	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
both	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Normalized	O
Variable	O
Diagram	O
(	O
NVD	O
)	O
by	O
Leonard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
by	O
using	O
the	O
finite	B-Algorithm
difference	I-Algorithm
method	I-Algorithm
or	O
its	O
combination	O
with	O
least	B-Algorithm
squares	I-Algorithm
optimization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
the	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
interface	O
is	O
established	O
,	O
the	O
advection	O
equation	O
of	O
is	O
solved	O
using	O
geometrical	O
techniques	O
such	O
as	O
finding	O
the	O
flux	B-General_Concept
of	O
between	O
grid	O
cells	O
,	O
or	O
advecting	O
the	O
endpoints	O
of	O
interface	O
using	O
discrete	O
values	O
of	O
fluid	O
velocity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
two-phase	O
flows	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
phases	O
are	O
vastly	O
different	O
,	O
errors	O
in	O
the	O
computation	O
of	O
the	O
surface	O
tension	O
force	O
at	O
the	O
interface	O
cause	O
Front-Capturing	O
methods	O
such	O
as	O
Volume	O
of	O
Fluid	O
(	O
VOF	O
)	O
and	O
Level-Set	B-Algorithm
method	I-Algorithm
(	O
LS	O
)	O
to	O
develop	O
interfacial	O
spurious	O
currents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
studies	O
have	O
looked	O
at	O
improving	O
interface	O
tracking	O
by	O
combining	O
Level-set	B-Algorithm
method	I-Algorithm
and	O
Volume	O
of	O
fluid	O
methods	O
while	O
a	O
few	O
others	O
have	O
looked	O
at	O
improving	O
the	O
numerical	O
solving	O
algorithm	O
by	O
adding	O
smoothening	O
loops	O
or	O
improving	O
property	O
averaging	O
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
