<s>
In	O
metadata	O
,	O
a	O
vocabulary-based	B-General_Concept
transformation	I-General_Concept
(	O
VBT	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
transformation	O
aided	O
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
semantic	O
equivalence	O
statements	O
within	O
a	O
controlled	O
vocabulary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
many	O
standards	O
exist	O
to	O
exchange	O
data	O
between	O
computers	O
such	O
as	O
HTML	B-Language
or	O
email	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
much	O
structured	O
information	O
that	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
exchanged	O
between	O
computers	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
standardized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
vocabulary-based	B-General_Concept
transformation	I-General_Concept
was	O
first	O
defined	O
by	O
Roy	O
Shulte	O
of	O
the	O
Gartner	O
Group	O
around	O
May	O
2003	O
and	O
appeared	O
in	O
annual	O
"	O
hype-cycle	O
"	O
for	O
integration	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
VBT	O
allows	O
computer	O
systems	O
integrators	O
to	O
more	O
automatically	O
"	O
look	O
up	O
"	O
the	O
definitions	O
of	O
data	O
elements	O
in	O
a	O
centralized	O
data	B-Application
dictionary	I-Application
and	O
use	O
that	O
definition	O
and	O
the	O
equivalent	O
mappings	O
to	O
transform	O
that	O
data	O
element	O
into	O
a	O
foreign	O
namespace	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Web	B-Language
Ontology	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
OWL	B-Language
)	O
language	O
also	O
support	O
three	O
semantic	O
equivalence	O
statements	O
.	O
</s>
