<s>
Virtual	B-Protocol
leased	I-Protocol
lines	I-Protocol
(	O
VLL	O
)	O
,	O
also	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
virtual	B-Protocol
private	I-Protocol
wire	I-Protocol
service	I-Protocol
(	O
VPWS	B-Protocol
)	O
or	O
EoMPLS	O
(	O
Ethernet	O
over	O
MPLS	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
provide	O
Ethernet-based	O
point	O
to	O
point	O
communication	O
over	O
Multiprotocol	B-Protocol
Label	I-Protocol
Switching	I-Protocol
(	O
MPLS	B-Protocol
)	O
or	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VLL	O
uses	O
the	O
pseudo-wire	B-Protocol
encapsulation	O
for	O
transporting	O
Ethernet	O
traffic	O
over	O
an	O
MPLS	B-Protocol
tunnel	O
across	O
an	O
MPLS	B-Protocol
backbone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VLL	O
also	O
describes	O
a	O
point	O
to	O
point	O
bonded	O
connection	O
using	O
the	O
broadband	B-Architecture
bonding	I-Architecture
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fpipes	O
:	O
Emulates	O
point-to-point	O
Frame	B-Protocol
Relay	I-Protocol
circuit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cpipes	O
:	O
Emulates	O
a	O
point-to-point	O
time-division	B-Protocol
multiplexing	I-Protocol
(	O
TDM	O
)	O
circuit	O
.	O
</s>
