<s>
The	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
is	O
a	O
32-bit	O
tabletop	O
portable	O
video	B-Application
game	I-Application
console	I-Application
developed	O
and	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Nintendo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
in	O
1995	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
marketed	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
console	O
capable	O
of	O
displaying	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
"	I-Algorithm
3D	I-Algorithm
"	I-Algorithm
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
player	O
uses	O
the	O
console	O
like	O
a	O
head-mounted	B-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
,	O
placing	O
the	O
head	O
against	O
the	O
eyepiece	O
to	O
see	O
a	O
red	O
monochrome	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
games	O
use	O
a	O
parallax	B-Device
effect	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
illusion	O
of	O
depth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
of	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
lasted	O
four	O
years	O
and	O
began	O
under	O
the	O
project	O
name	O
VR32	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
entered	O
a	O
licensing	O
agreement	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
LED	O
eyepiece	O
technology	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
developed	O
since	O
the	O
1980s	O
by	O
US	O
company	O
Reflection	O
Technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
built	O
a	O
factory	O
in	O
China	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
only	O
for	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
manufacturing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
development	O
,	O
the	O
console	O
technology	O
was	O
downscaled	O
due	O
to	O
high	O
costs	O
and	O
potential	O
health	O
concerns	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
increasing	O
amount	O
of	O
resources	O
were	O
reallocated	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
64	I-Operating_System
,	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
next	O
home	O
console	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lead	O
game	O
designer	O
Shigeru	O
Miyamoto	O
had	O
little	O
involvement	O
with	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
was	O
pushed	O
to	O
market	O
in	O
an	O
unfinished	O
state	O
in	O
1995	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
64	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
was	O
panned	O
by	O
critics	O
and	O
was	O
a	O
commercial	O
failure	O
,	O
even	O
after	O
repeated	O
price	O
drops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
failure	O
has	O
been	O
attributed	O
to	O
its	O
high	O
price	O
,	O
monochrome	O
display	O
,	O
unimpressive	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
effect	O
,	O
poor	O
ergonomics	O
,	O
lack	O
of	O
true	O
portability	O
,	O
and	O
health	O
concerns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
technology	O
in	O
video	B-Application
game	I-Application
consoles	I-Application
reemerged	O
in	O
later	O
years	O
to	O
more	O
success	O
,	O
including	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
3DS	B-Operating_System
handheld	B-Application
console	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
it	O
is	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
lowest-selling	O
standalone	O
console	O
and	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
to	O
have	O
less	O
than	O
1	O
million	O
units	O
sold	O
,	O
seconded	O
by	O
the	O
Wii	B-Device
U	I-Device
's	O
13.6	O
million	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
produced	O
a	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
head-tracking	B-Operating_System
prototype	O
called	O
the	O
Private	O
Eye	O
,	O
featuring	O
a	O
tank	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
enthusiastically	O
received	O
the	O
Private	O
Eye	O
,	O
as	O
led	O
by	O
Gunpei	O
Yokoi	O
,	O
the	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
R&D1	O
and	O
the	O
inventor	O
of	O
the	O
Game	B-Device
&	I-Device
Watch	I-Device
and	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
handheld	B-Application
consoles	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Codenaming	O
the	O
project	O
"	O
VR32	B-Device
"	O
,	O
Nintendo	O
entered	O
into	O
an	O
exclusive	O
agreement	O
with	O
Reflection	O
Technology	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
to	O
license	O
the	O
technology	O
for	O
its	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
Research	O
&	O
Development	O
3	O
division	O
(	O
R&D3	O
)	O
was	O
focused	O
on	O
developing	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
64	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
other	O
two	O
engineering	O
units	O
were	O
free	O
to	O
experiment	O
with	O
new	O
product	O
ideas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spending	O
four	O
years	O
in	O
development	O
and	O
eventually	O
building	O
a	O
dedicated	O
manufacturing	O
plant	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
Nintendo	O
worked	O
to	O
turn	O
its	O
VR32	B-Device
vision	O
into	O
an	O
affordable	O
and	O
health-conscious	O
console	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
's	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
startup	O
screen	O
of	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
prototype	O
was	O
shown	O
at	O
Shoshinkai	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cinematic	O
camera	O
angles	O
were	O
a	O
key	O
element	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
in	O
Star	B-Device
Fox	I-Device
2	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
increasing	O
competition	O
for	O
internal	O
resources	O
alongside	O
the	O
flagship	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
64	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
little	O
involvement	O
from	O
lead	O
game	O
designer	O
Shigeru	O
Miyamoto	O
,	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
software	O
was	O
developed	O
without	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
full	O
attention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
David	O
Sheff	O
's	O
book	O
Game	O
Over	O
,	O
the	O
increasingly	O
reluctant	O
Yokoi	O
never	O
intended	O
for	O
the	O
increasingly	O
downscaled	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
to	O
be	O
released	O
in	O
its	O
final	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Nintendo	O
pushed	O
it	O
to	O
market	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
focus	O
development	O
resources	O
on	O
its	O
next	O
console	O
,	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
64	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
previewed	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
on	O
November	O
13	O
,	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
promised	O
that	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
would	O
"	O
totally	O
immerse	O
players	O
into	O
their	O
own	O
private	O
universe	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
of	O
America	O
showed	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
at	O
the	O
Consumer	O
Electronics	O
Show	O
on	O
January	O
6	O
,	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
with	O
cost-saving	O
measures	O
in	O
place	O
,	O
Nintendo	O
priced	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
at	O
a	O
relatively	O
high	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
slightly	O
less	O
expensive	O
and	O
significantly	O
less	O
powerful	O
than	O
a	O
home	O
console	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
considerably	O
more	O
costly	O
than	O
the	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
handheld	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
seemingly	O
more	O
advanced	O
graphics	O
than	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
,	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
was	O
not	O
intended	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
handheld	B-Application
in	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
product	O
line	O
,	O
as	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
requires	O
a	O
steady	O
surface	O
and	O
completely	O
blocks	O
the	O
player	O
's	O
peripheral	O
vision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Design	O
News	O
described	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
as	O
the	O
logical	O
evolution	O
of	O
the	O
View-Master	O
3D	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
viewer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
was	O
released	O
on	O
July	O
21	O
,	O
1995	O
in	O
Japan	O
and	O
on	O
August	O
14	O
,	O
1995	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
with	O
the	O
launch	O
games	O
Mario	B-Application
's	I-Application
Tennis	I-Application
,	O
Red	B-Application
Alarm	I-Application
,	O
Teleroboxer	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Galactic	B-Application
Pinball	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
Nintendo	O
shipped	O
Mario	B-Application
's	I-Application
Tennis	I-Application
with	O
every	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
sold	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
pack-in	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
arrived	O
later	O
than	O
other	O
32-bit	O
systems	O
like	O
PlayStation	B-Device
,	O
3DO	B-Device
,	O
and	O
Saturn	B-Device
,	O
but	O
at	O
a	O
lower	O
price	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
had	O
shipped	O
350,000	O
units	O
of	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
by	O
December	O
1995	O
,	O
around	O
three	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
months	O
after	O
its	O
North	O
American	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
had	O
a	O
short	O
market	O
timespan	O
following	O
its	O
disappointing	O
sales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
game	O
officially	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
was	O
3D	B-Application
Tetris	I-Application
,	O
released	O
on	O
March	O
22	O
,	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
was	O
discontinued	O
in	O
December	O
22	O
,	O
1995	O
in	O
Japan	O
and	O
August	O
1996	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
without	O
any	O
announcement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
1996	O
,	O
Nintendo	O
reported	O
to	O
Famitsu	O
worldwide	O
sales	O
of	O
770,000	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
units	O
,	O
including	O
140,000	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Next	O
Generation	O
reported	O
that	O
13,000	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
units	O
were	O
sold	O
in	O
December	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
extensively	O
advertised	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
and	O
claimed	O
to	O
have	O
spent	O
on	O
early	O
promotional	O
activities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Advertising	O
promoted	O
the	O
system	O
as	O
a	O
paradigm	O
shift	O
from	O
past	O
consoles	O
;	O
some	O
pieces	O
used	O
cavemen	B-Algorithm
to	O
indicate	O
a	O
historical	O
evolution	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
utilized	O
psychedelic	O
imagery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
targeted	O
an	O
older	O
audience	O
with	O
advertisements	O
for	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
,	O
shifting	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
traditional	O
child-focused	O
approach	O
it	O
had	O
employed	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
portrayed	O
the	O
system	O
as	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
,	O
as	O
its	O
name	O
indicates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
campaign	O
promoted	O
NBC	O
's	O
late	O
1995	O
lineup	O
alongside	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
popular	O
rental	O
system	O
proved	O
harmful	O
to	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
's	O
long-term	O
success	O
,	O
allowing	O
gamers	O
to	O
see	O
just	O
how	O
non-immersive	O
the	O
console	O
was	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
mid-1996	O
,	O
Blockbuster	O
was	O
selling	O
its	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
units	O
at	O
$50	O
each	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
NEC	O
V810	O
32-bit	O
RISC	B-Architecture
chip	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
Nintendo	O
's	O
first	O
32-bit	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
system	O
uses	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
1×224	O
linear	O
arrays	O
(	O
one	O
per	O
eye	O
)	O
and	O
rapidly	O
scans	O
the	O
array	O
across	O
the	O
eye	O
's	O
field	O
of	O
view	O
using	O
flat	O
oscillating	O
mirrors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
game	B-Protocol
cartridge	I-Protocol
has	O
a	O
yes/no	O
option	O
to	O
automatically	O
pause	O
every	O
15	O
–	O
30	O
minutes	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
player	O
may	O
take	O
a	O
break	O
before	O
any	O
injuries	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
eyes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
is	O
the	O
first	O
video	B-Application
game	I-Application
console	I-Application
that	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
displaying	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
"	I-Algorithm
3D	I-Algorithm
"	I-Algorithm
graphics	O
,	O
marketed	O
as	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whereas	O
most	O
video	O
games	O
use	O
monocular	O
cues	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
illusion	O
of	O
three	O
dimensions	O
on	O
a	O
two-dimensional	O
screen	O
,	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
creates	O
an	O
illusion	O
of	O
depth	O
through	O
the	O
effect	O
known	O
as	O
parallax	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
using	O
a	O
head-mounted	B-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
user	O
looks	O
into	O
an	O
eyeshade	O
made	O
of	O
neoprene	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
machine	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
an	O
eyeglass-style	O
projector	O
allows	O
viewing	O
of	O
the	O
monochromatic	O
red	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
is	O
meant	O
for	O
the	O
player	O
to	O
be	O
seated	O
at	O
a	O
table	O
,	O
and	O
Nintendo	O
promised	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
release	O
a	O
harness	O
to	O
wear	O
while	O
standing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
's	O
heavy	O
emphasis	O
on	O
three-dimensional	O
movement	O
requires	O
the	O
controller	O
to	O
operate	O
along	O
a	O
Z-axis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
controller	O
is	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
implement	O
dual	O
digital	O
D-pads	B-Device
to	O
control	O
elements	O
in	O
the	O
3D	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
controller	O
is	O
shaped	O
like	O
an	O
"	O
M	O
"	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
Nintendo	B-Device
64	I-Device
controller	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
player	O
holds	O
onto	O
either	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
controller	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
unique	O
extendable	O
power	O
supply	O
that	O
slides	O
onto	O
the	O
back	O
,	O
housing	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
six	O
AA	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
more	O
traditional	O
2-dimensional	O
games	O
,	O
the	O
two	O
directional	B-Device
pads	I-Device
are	O
interchangeable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
others	O
with	O
a	O
more	O
3D	O
environment	O
,	O
like	O
Red	B-Application
Alarm	I-Application
,	O
3D	B-Application
Tetris	I-Application
,	O
or	O
Teleroboxer	B-Application
,	O
each	O
pad	O
controls	O
a	O
different	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
symmetry	O
of	O
the	O
controller	O
also	O
allows	O
left-handed	O
gamers	O
to	O
reverse	O
the	O
controls	O
,	O
as	O
does	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
Lynx	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
link	O
cable	O
was	O
being	O
worked	O
on	O
at	O
Nintendo	O
as	O
late	O
as	O
the	O
third	O
quarter	O
of	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Gunpei	O
Yokoi	O
,	O
Nintendo	O
president	O
Hiroshi	O
Yamauchi	O
had	O
dictated	O
that	O
only	O
a	O
select	O
few	O
third-party	O
developers	O
be	O
shown	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
hardware	O
before	O
its	O
formal	O
unveiling	O
,	O
to	O
limit	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
poor-quality	O
software	O
appearing	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
asked	O
if	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
games	O
were	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
available	O
for	O
download	O
on	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Application
Console	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
3DS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Nintendo	O
of	O
America	O
President	O
Reggie	O
Fils-Aime	O
said	O
he	O
could	O
not	O
answer	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
was	O
unfamiliar	O
with	O
the	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
noted	O
that	O
,	O
given	O
his	O
lack	O
of	O
familiarity	O
,	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
hard-pressed	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
case	O
for	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
the	O
games	O
on	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Application
Console	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hobbyist	O
community	O
at	O
Planet	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
has	O
developed	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
previously	O
unreleased	O
games	O
,	O
Bound	B-Application
High	I-Application
and	O
Niko-Chan	O
Battle	O
(	O
the	O
Japanese	O
version	O
of	O
Faceball	O
)	O
were	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
garnered	O
negative	O
critical	O
reviews	O
and	O
was	O
a	O
commercial	O
failure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
lead	O
editorial	O
of	O
Electronic	O
Gaming	O
Monthly	O
following	O
the	O
show	O
,	O
Ed	O
Semrad	O
predicted	O
that	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
would	O
have	O
poor	O
launch	O
sales	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
monochrome	O
screen	O
,	O
lack	O
of	O
true	O
portability	O
,	O
unimpressive	O
lineup	O
of	O
games	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
price	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
argued	O
was	O
as	O
low	O
as	O
it	O
could	O
get	O
given	O
the	O
hardware	O
but	O
still	O
too	O
expensive	O
for	O
the	O
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Next	O
Generations	O
editors	O
were	O
also	O
dubious	O
of	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
's	O
prospects	O
after	O
the	O
show	O
,	O
and	O
concluded	O
their	O
article	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
by	O
commenting	O
,	O
"	O
But	O
who	O
will	O
buy	O
it	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
's	O
not	O
portable	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
awkward	O
to	O
use	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
100%	O
antisocial	O
(	O
unlike	O
multiplayer	O
SNES/Genesis	O
games	O
)	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
too	O
expensive	O
and	O
–	O
most	O
importantly	O
–	O
the	O
'	O
VR	O
 '	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
its	O
release	O
,	O
reviews	O
of	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
tended	O
to	O
praise	O
its	O
novelty	O
but	O
questioned	O
its	O
ultimate	O
purpose	O
and	O
longtime	O
viability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reviewing	O
the	O
system	O
shortly	O
after	O
its	O
North	O
American	O
launch	O
,	O
Next	O
Generation	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
Unusual	O
and	O
innovative	O
,	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
can	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
gamble	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
that	O
the	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
was	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
a	O
lot	O
harder	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
VB	O
succeeding	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
world-conquering	O
extent	O
that	O
the	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
did.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
added	O
that	O
the	O
software	O
library	O
was	O
decent	O
,	O
but	O
failed	O
to	O
capitalize	O
on	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
best-selling	O
franchises	O
because	O
Zelda	O
and	O
Metroid	O
games	O
were	O
absent	O
,	O
the	O
Mario	O
games	O
were	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
style	O
as	O
the	O
series	O
's	O
most	O
successful	O
installments	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
lacked	O
a	O
system	O
seller	O
to	O
compare	O
with	O
the	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
's	O
Tetris	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
Nintendo	O
had	O
promised	O
a	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
experience	O
,	O
the	O
monochrome	O
display	O
limits	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
's	O
potential	O
for	O
immersion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
critics	O
lamented	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
head-tracking	B-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Critics	O
found	O
that	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
players	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
immerse	O
themselves	O
in	O
the	O
game	O
worlds	O
of	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Boyer	O
said	O
the	O
console	O
"	O
struggles	O
to	O
merge	O
the	O
two	O
distinct	O
media	O
forms	O
of	O
home	O
consoles	O
and	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
devices	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
the	O
device	O
employs	O
some	O
basic	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
techniques	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
so	O
like	O
the	O
traditional	O
home	O
console	O
with	O
no	O
bodily	O
feedback	O
incorporated	O
into	O
gameplay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
reviewers	O
complained	O
of	O
painful	O
and	O
frustrating	O
physiological	O
symptoms	O
when	O
playing	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
prominent	O
scientists	O
concluded	O
that	O
the	O
long-term	O
side	O
effects	O
could	O
be	O
more	O
serious	O
,	O
and	O
articles	O
published	O
in	O
magazines	O
such	O
as	O
Electronic	O
Engineering	O
Times	O
and	O
CMP	O
Media	O
's	O
TechWeb	O
speculated	O
that	O
using	O
any	O
immersive	O
headset	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
could	O
cause	O
sickness	O
,	O
flashbacks	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
permanent	O
brain	O
damage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
years	O
after	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
's	O
demise	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
frank	O
about	O
its	O
failure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Howard	O
Lincoln	O
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
Nintendo	O
of	O
America	O
,	O
said	O
flatly	O
that	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
"	O
just	O
failed	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
commercial	O
failure	O
of	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
was	O
reportedly	O
a	O
contributing	O
factor	O
to	O
Yokoi	O
's	O
withdrawal	O
from	O
Nintendo	O
,	O
although	O
he	O
had	O
already	O
planned	O
to	O
retire	O
years	O
prior	O
and	O
then	O
finished	O
the	O
successful	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
Pocket	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
shortly	O
before	O
his	O
departure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
leaving	O
Nintendo	O
,	O
Yokoi	O
founded	O
his	O
own	O
company	O
,	O
Koto	O
,	O
and	O
collaborated	O
with	O
Bandai	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
WonderSwan	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
handheld	B-Application
system	O
competing	O
with	O
the	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
commercial	O
failure	O
of	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
reportedly	O
did	O
little	O
to	O
alter	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
development	O
approach	O
and	O
focus	O
on	O
innovation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
inventor	O
,	O
Reflection	O
Technology	O
,	O
Inc.	O
,	O
was	O
reportedly	O
financially	O
"	O
devastated	O
"	O
by	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
's	O
performance	O
,	O
with	O
dwindling	O
operations	O
by	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
3DS	I-Operating_System
console	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
2011	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
handheld	B-Application
gaming	I-Application
console	I-Application
with	O
autostereoscopic	O
3D	O
visuals	O
,	O
without	O
any	O
special	O
glasses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
launch	O
,	O
Shigeru	O
Miyamoto	O
discussed	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
graphics	O
are	O
not	O
as	O
appealing	O
,	O
and	O
while	O
developing	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
64	I-Operating_System
,	O
he	O
had	O
ruled	O
out	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
wireframe	O
graphics	O
as	O
too	O
sparse	O
to	O
draw	O
player	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
he	O
stated	O
that	O
he	O
perceived	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
as	O
a	O
novelty	O
that	O
should	O
not	O
have	O
used	O
the	O
Nintendo	O
license	O
so	O
prominently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2016	O
,	O
Tatsumi	O
Kimishima	O
stated	O
that	O
Nintendo	O
was	O
"	O
looking	O
into	O
"	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
but	O
also	O
explained	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
take	O
more	O
time	O
and	O
effort	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
February	O
2017	O
interview	O
with	O
Nikkei	O
,	O
he	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
"	O
studying	O
"	O
VR	O
,	O
and	O
would	O
add	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
once	O
it	O
is	O
figured	O
out	O
how	O
users	O
can	O
play	O
for	O
long	O
durations	O
without	O
any	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
introduced	O
a	O
VR	O
accessory	O
for	O
the	O
Switch	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Labo	B-Application
,	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
player-assembled	O
cardboard	O
toys	O
leveraging	O
the	O
console	O
's	O
hardware	O
and	O
Joy-Con	B-General_Concept
controllers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
console	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
head-mounted	B-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
headset	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hobbyists	O
adapted	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
to	O
other	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emulation	O
enabled	O
modern	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
goggles	I-Algorithm
such	O
as	O
Google	B-Device
Cardboard	I-Device
and	O
Samsung	B-Device
Gear	I-Device
VR	I-Device
in	O
2016	O
and	O
Oculus	B-Device
Rift	I-Device
in	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
hobbyist	O
Furrtek	O
released	O
a	O
board	O
that	O
replaces	O
the	O
display	O
circuitry	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
to	O
be	O
played	O
on	O
a	O
VGA	O
monitor	O
or	O
television	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
has	O
referenced	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
in	O
other	O
games	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Tomodachi	B-Device
Life	I-Device
—	O
where	O
a	O
trailer	O
for	O
the	O
life	O
simulation	O
game	O
included	O
a	O
scene	O
of	O
several	O
Mii	O
characters	O
worshipping	O
the	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Luigi	B-Application
's	I-Application
Mansion	I-Application
3	I-Application
,	O
Luigi	O
uses	O
a	O
device	O
by	O
Professor	O
E	O
.	O
Gadd	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
Virtual	O
Boo	O
"	O
to	O
access	O
maps	O
and	O
other	O
information	O
in-game	O
(	O
succeeding	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
devices	O
referencing	O
the	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
Color	I-Device
and	O
first-generation	O
Nintendo	B-Device
DS	I-Device
in	O
previous	O
installments	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
