<s>
A	O
violin	B-Application
plot	I-Application
is	O
a	O
statistical	B-Application
graphic	I-Application
for	O
comparing	O
probability	O
distributions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
box	B-Application
plot	I-Application
,	O
with	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
rotated	O
kernel	B-General_Concept
density	I-General_Concept
plot	I-General_Concept
on	O
each	O
side	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Violin	B-Application
plots	I-Application
are	O
similar	O
to	O
box	B-Application
plots	I-Application
,	O
except	O
that	O
they	O
also	O
show	O
the	O
probability	O
density	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
at	O
different	O
values	O
,	O
usually	O
smoothed	O
by	O
a	O
kernel	B-General_Concept
density	I-General_Concept
estimator	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
a	O
violin	B-Application
plot	I-Application
will	O
include	O
all	O
the	O
data	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
box	B-Application
plot	I-Application
:	O
a	O
marker	O
for	O
the	O
median	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
;	O
a	O
box	O
or	O
marker	O
indicating	O
the	O
interquartile	O
range	O
;	O
and	O
possibly	O
all	O
sample	O
points	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
samples	O
is	O
not	O
too	O
high	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Violin	B-Application
plots	I-Application
are	O
available	O
as	O
extensions	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
software	O
packages	O
such	O
as	O
DataVisualization	O
on	O
CRAN	O
and	O
the	O
md-plot	O
package	O
on	O
PyPI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
violin	B-Application
plot	I-Application
is	O
more	O
informative	O
than	O
a	O
plain	O
box	B-Application
plot	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
a	O
box	B-Application
plot	I-Application
only	O
shows	O
summary	O
statistics	O
such	O
as	O
mean/median	O
and	O
interquartile	O
ranges	O
,	O
the	O
violin	B-Application
plot	I-Application
shows	O
the	O
full	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
case	O
a	O
violin	B-Application
plot	I-Application
shows	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
different	O
peaks	O
,	O
their	O
position	O
and	O
relative	O
amplitude	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
box	B-Application
plots	I-Application
,	O
violin	B-Application
plots	I-Application
are	O
used	O
to	O
represent	O
comparison	O
of	O
a	O
variable	O
distribution	O
(	O
or	O
sample	O
distribution	O
)	O
across	O
different	O
"	O
categories	O
"	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
temperature	O
distribution	O
compared	O
between	O
day	O
and	O
night	O
,	O
or	O
distribution	O
of	O
car	O
prices	O
compared	O
across	O
different	O
car	O
makers	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
violin	B-Application
plot	I-Application
can	O
have	O
multiple	O
layers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
more	O
informative	O
than	O
box	B-Application
plots	I-Application
,	O
they	O
are	O
less	O
popular	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
a	O
more	O
accessible	O
alternative	O
is	O
to	O
plot	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
stacked	O
histograms	O
or	O
kernel	B-General_Concept
density	I-General_Concept
distributions	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Violin	B-Application
plots	I-Application
are	O
available	O
as	O
extensions	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
software	O
packages	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
R	B-Language
packages	O
vioplot	O
,	O
wvioplot	O
,	O
caroline	O
,	O
UsingR	O
,	O
lattice	O
and	O
ggplot2	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Stata	B-Algorithm
add-on	O
command	O
vioplot	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Python	B-Language
libraries	O
matplotlib	B-Language
,	O
Plotly	B-Application
,	O
ROOT	O
and	O
Seaborn	O
,	O
a	O
graph	O
type	O
in	O
Origin	B-Application
,	O
IGOR	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
,	O
</s>
<s>
Julia	B-Application
statistical	O
plotting	O
package	O
StatsPlots.jl	O
and	O
in	O
Mathematica	B-Application
.	O
</s>
