<s>
vile	B-Application
is	O
a	O
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
that	O
combines	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
Emacs	B-Application
and	O
vi	B-Application
editors	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
editors	O
are	O
traditionally	O
located	O
on	O
opposing	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
editor	B-Language
wars	I-Language
,	O
as	O
users	O
of	O
either	O
tend	O
to	O
have	O
strong	O
sentiments	O
against	O
the	O
editor	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vile	B-Application
attempts	O
to	O
reconcile	O
these	O
positions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vile	B-Application
is	O
an	O
acronym	O
which	O
stands	O
for	O
"	O
VI	B-Application
Like	O
Emacs	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vile	B-Application
9.6	O
is	O
featured	O
in	O
Chapter	O
18	O
of	O
the	O
O'Reilly	O
book	O
"	O
Learning	O
the	O
vi	B-Application
and	O
Vim	B-Application
Editors	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
older	O
version	O
(	O
vile	B-Application
8.0	O
)	O
was	O
presented	O
in	O
Chapter	O
12	O
of	O
the	O
O'Reilly	O
book	O
"	O
Learning	O
the	O
vi	B-Application
Editor	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
program	O
is	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
xvile	O
for	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
as	O
winvile	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
vile	B-Application
was	O
created	O
and	O
originally	O
maintained	O
by	O
Paul	O
Fox	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	O
,	O
maintenance	O
was	O
taken	O
over	O
by	O
Thomas	B-Application
Dickey	I-Application
,	O
who	O
had	O
provided	O
many	O
major	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
codebase	O
over	O
the	O
preceding	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Historically	O
,	O
vile	B-Application
's	O
documentation	O
has	O
focused	O
on	O
differences	O
from	O
vi	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
common	O
vi-clones	O
(	O
elvis	B-Device
,	O
nvi	B-Device
and	O
vim	B-Application
)	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
combined	O
their	O
respective	O
extensions	O
with	O
the	O
original	O
vi	B-Application
documentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vile	B-Application
's	O
documentation	O
is	O
three	O
parts	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
vile	B-Application
is	O
built	O
from	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
hand-crafted	O
code	O
and	O
tables	O
processed	O
by	O
a	O
special-purpose	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
predefined	O
information	O
from	O
the	O
tables	O
can	O
be	O
rendered	O
in	O
various	O
ways	O
,	O
including	O
showing	O
the	O
available	O
commands	B-Application
,	O
providing	O
name-completion	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
other	O
flavors	O
of	O
vi	B-Application
,	O
the	O
analogous	O
tables	O
are	O
not	O
distinct	O
from	O
the	O
hand-crafted	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
other	O
vi	B-Application
flavors	O
,	O
the	O
information	O
shown	O
is	O
static	O
,	O
requiring	O
interaction	O
from	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
update	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
vile	B-Application
,	O
however	O
,	O
this	O
information	O
is	O
dynamic	O
—	O
it	O
updates	O
these	O
special	O
windows	O
as	O
changes	O
are	O
made	O
to	O
the	O
features	O
they	O
render	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
all	O
buffers	O
in	O
memory	O
,	O
the	O
mode-settings	O
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
buffer	O
which	O
has	O
focus	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
many	O
of	O
vile	B-Application
's	O
features	O
are	O
now	O
found	O
in	O
other	O
vi-compatible	O
editors	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
powerful	O
were	O
implemented	O
before	O
widespread	O
adoption	O
in	O
the	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
multiple	O
windows	O
were	O
early	O
features	O
in	O
vile	B-Application
(	O
and	O
xvi	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
start	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
brought	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
O'Reilly	O
book	O
,	O
though	O
no	O
careful	O
study	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
of	O
the	O
way	O
in	O
which	O
features	O
are	O
adopted	O
and	O
adapted	O
across	O
the	O
vi	B-Application
and	O
emacs	B-Application
variants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vile	B-Application
supports	O
command	O
completion	O
for	O
several	O
elements	O
of	O
a	O
command	O
:	O
the	O
command	O
name	O
,	O
filename	O
,	O
directory	O
name	O
,	O
and	O
mode	O
values	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
vi	B-Application
and	O
emacs	B-Application
have	O
modes	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
are	O
settings	O
which	O
affect	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vile	B-Application
extends	O
the	O
vi	B-Application
modes	B-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
list	O
,	O
number	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
by	O
providing	O
three	O
levels	O
of	O
mode	O
:	O
global	O
,	O
buffer	O
and	O
window	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
buffer	O
modes	B-General_Concept
are	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
buffer	O
contents	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
line-terminators	O
,	O
read-only	O
attributes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
those	O
modes	B-General_Concept
are	O
predefined	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vile	B-Application
can	O
be	O
customized	O
by	O
defining	O
majormodes	O
,	O
which	O
combine	O
specific	O
settings	O
of	O
the	O
buffer	O
modes	B-General_Concept
with	O
an	O
association	O
to	O
the	O
file	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
majormodes	O
have	O
as	O
well	O
special	O
modes	B-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
the	O
association	O
with	O
a	O
specific	O
syntax	O
filter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vile	B-Application
performs	O
syntax	O
highlighting	O
by	O
running	O
a	O
syntax	O
filter	O
program	O
which	O
parses	O
the	O
buffer	O
contents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
syntax	O
filters	O
are	O
implemented	O
with	O
lex	B-General_Concept
(	O
preferably	O
flex	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
remainder	O
in	O
C	B-Language
to	O
address	O
irregular	O
grammars	O
such	O
as	O
Perl	B-Language
and	O
Ruby	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Read	O
from	O
an	O
external	O
file	O
the	O
color	O
-	O
and	O
video-attribute	O
information	O
into	O
a	O
chained	B-Algorithm
hash	I-Algorithm
table	I-Algorithm
,	O
</s>
<s>
Write	O
a	O
marked-up	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
which	O
is	O
read	O
by	O
vile	B-Application
(	O
via	O
a	O
pipe	O
if	O
the	O
syntax	O
filters	O
are	O
external	O
programs	O
,	O
or	O
via	O
a	O
function	O
call	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
internal	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vile	B-Application
paints	O
the	O
markup	O
information	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
buffer	O
contents	O
using	O
in	O
regions	O
delimited	O
by	O
line	O
and	O
column	O
numbers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vile	B-Application
has	O
been	O
under	O
continuous	O
development	O
since	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
